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Devi was opened for limited eco-tourism activity in 2003. In 2006, the campaign invited women trekkers from 4 countries during the inaugural trek inside the
National Park. As a follow-up, the Campaign for Cultural Survival and Sustainable Livelihoods has now designed an Interpretive Trek to the Nanda Devi National Park. An Interpretation Centre on Bio Cultural Diversity of the Nanda Devi National Park is under development in the village of Lata, the gateway to the Nanda Devi National Park. A maximum number of 500 trekkers are now allowed to enter the core zone until Dharansi between May and October. The trek to Nanda Devi National Park starts from the village of Lata, located 25 kilometres upstream from the town of Joshimath on Niti-Malari highway.
762:
798:
431:, flowing into the Uttari Rishi Glacier. To the southwest, one finds the Dakkhini Nanda Devi Glacier, flowing into the Dakkhini Rishi Glacier. All of these glaciers are located within the Sanctuary, and drain west into the Rishiganga. To the east lies the Pachu Glacier, and to the southeast lie the Nandaghunti and Lawan Glaciers, feeding the Lawan Gad; all of these drain into the Milam Valley. To the south is the Pindari Glacier, draining into the Pindar River. Just to the south of Sunanda Devi, dividing the Lawan Gad drainage from the Dakkhini Nanda Devi Glacier, is Longstaff
190:
157:
150:
183:
508:
454:
605:
384:). The main summit stands guarded by a barrier ring comprising some of the highest mountains in the Indian Himalayas, twelve of which exceed 6,400 metres (21,000 ft) in height, further elevating its sacred status as the daughter of the Himalaya in Indian folklore. The interior of this almost insurmountable ring is known as the Nanda Devi Sanctuary, and is protected as the
38:
596:. The expedition retreated due to dangerous weather conditions, leaving the device near the summit of Nanda Devi. They returned the next spring to search for the device, which ended without success. As a result of this activity by the CIA, the Sanctuary was closed to foreign expeditions throughout much of the 1960s. In 1974 the Sanctuary re-opened.
690:
After the re-opening of the sanctuary in 1974 to foreign climbers, trekkers and locals, the fragile ecosystem was soon compromised by firewood cutting, littering and grazing. Serious environmental problems were noted as early as 1977, and the sanctuary was closed again in 1983. Currently, Nanda Devi
673:
and Govind
Ballabh Pant Institute for Himalayan Environment and Development amongst others. The expedition carried out a comprehensive ecological survey and removed from the park, by porter and helicopter, over 1,000 kilogrammes of litter. Additionally, five summiteers reached the summit: Amin Naik,
715:
to check the state of recovery and to remove garbage left by prior expeditions. Sunanda Devi remains open from the east side, leading to the standard south ridge route. After a sustained campaign by the local community as reflected in the Nanda Devi
Declaration of 2001, the core zone of the Nanda
989:
Kanchenjunga, also spelled
Kangchenjunga or Kinchinjunga, Nepali Kumbhkaran Lungur, world's third highest mountain, with an elevation of 28,169 feet (8,586 metres). It is situated in the eastern Himalayas on the border between Sikkim state, northeastern India, and eastern Nepal, 46 miles (74 km)
461:
The ascent of Nanda Devi necessitated fifty years of arduous exploration in search of a passage into the
Sanctuary. The outlet is the Rishi Gorge, a deep, narrow canyon which is very difficult to traverse safely, and is the biggest hindrance to entering the Sanctuary; any other route involves
352:
Himalayas. In acknowledgment of its religious significance and for the protection of its fragile ecosystem, the
Government of India declared the peak as well as the circle of high mountains surrounding it—the Nanda Devi sanctuary—off-limits to both locals and climbers in 1983. The surrounding
660:
was given special permission. The aim of the expedition was multifold: to carry out an ecological survey, clean up the refuse left behind by previous expeditions, and scale the summit. The team led by Lt Col V.K. Bhatt included a number of wildlife scientists and ecologists from
545:.) It also involved steeper and more sustained terrain than had been previously attempted at such a high altitude. The expedition climbed the south ridge, also known as the Coxcomb Ridge, which leads relatively directly to the main summit. The summit pair were
424:. Nanda Devi is also impressive when considering terrain that is a bit further away, as it is surrounded by relatively deep valleys. For example, it rises over 6,500 metres (21,300 ft) above the valley of the Goriganga in only 50 km (30 mi).
749:
785:
653:, which attempted both main and eastern peaks simultaneously. The expedition had placed a memorial to Nanda Devi Unsoeld at the high altitude meadow of Sarson Patal prior to the attempt. The successful attempt lost all its summiteers.
682:
711:." The entire sanctuary, and hence the main summit (and interior approaches to the nearby peaks), are off-limits to locals and to climbing expeditions, although a one-time exception was made in 1993 for a 40-member team from the
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415:
in about 4.2 kilometres (2.6 mi), and its rise above the glaciers to the north is similar. This makes it among the steepest peaks in the world at this scale, closely comparable, for example, to the local profile of
809:
476:
he wrote that 'Nanda Devi imposes on her votaries an admission test as yet beyond their skill and endurance', adding that gaining entry to the Nanda Devi
Sanctuary alone was more difficult than reaching the
761:
635:, who climbed the West Ridge of Everest in 1963. Unsoeld's daughter, Nanda Devi Unsoeld, who was named after the peak, died on this expedition. She had been suffering from "diarrhea and flare-up of an
797:
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588:(IB), to place a nuclear-powered telemetry relay listening device on the summit of Nanda Devi. This device was designed to intercept telemetry signals from missile test launches conducted in the
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After abortive attempts by Indian expeditions in 1957 and 1961, the second ascent of Nanda Devi was accomplished by an Indian team led by N. Kumar in 1964, following the
Coxcomb route.
666:
569:
support above 6,200 m (20,300 ft). Eric
Shipton, who was not involved in the climb itself, called it "the finest mountaineering achievement ever performed in the Himalaya."
91:
1235:
435:, 5,910 m (19,390 ft), one of the high passes that guard access to the Nanda Devi Sanctuary. For a list of notable peaks of the Sanctuary and its environs, see
411:, Nanda Devi is also notable for its large, steep rise above local terrain. It rises over 3,300 metres (10,800 ft) above its immediate southwestern base on the
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was destroyed and another suffered a partial collapse. Initial reports said nine people were dead and 140 missing. Water levels on the
Alaknanda also rose.
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501:
448:
306:
376:, forming a 2-kilometre-long (1.2 mi) high ridge, oriented east–west. The western summit is higher than the eastern summit, which is called
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1578:
527:
1269:
639:, which had shown up originally on the second day of the approach march", and had been at 7,200 metres (23,600 ft) for nearly five days.
542:
322:
105:
149:
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was also on the expedition, which was notable for its small scale and lightweight ethic: it included only seven climbers, and used no
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534:, 8,091 metres (26,545 ft). (However, higher non-summit elevations had already been reached by the British on
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428:
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58:
734:, causing the Dhauliganga and the Rishiganga rivers to flood. One dam at the Dhauliganga hydropower project at
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was to be in place of Tilman, but he contracted severe food poisoning. Noted mountaineer and mountain writer
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725:
66:
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A difficult new route, the northwest buttress, was climbed by a 13-person team in 1976. Three Americans,
1049:
554:
695:), declared by the Indian government in 1982. In 1988, Nanda Devi National Park was declared a UNESCO
1305:
87:
1456:
An Eye at the Top of the World: The Terrifying Legacy of the Cold War's Most Daring C.I.A. Operation
482:
294:, and the highest located entirely within the country. (Kangchenjunga is on the border of India and
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1071:
696:
1180:
82:
620:
507:
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1371:
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956:
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When the mountain was later climbed in 1936 by a British-American expedition, it became the
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345:
344:
The peak, whose name means "Bliss-Giving Goddess", is regarded as the patron goddess of the
326:
241:
388:. Nanda Devi East lies on the eastern edge of the ring (and of the park), at the border of
1362:
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1011:
636:
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558:
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attempted to reach the peak three times in the 1930s and failed each time. In a letter to
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20:
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920:
616:
539:
467:
234:
1552:
735:
632:
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This article is about the main western summit. For its twin summit to the east, see
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851:"High Asia I: The Karakoram, Pakistan Himalaya and India Himalaya (north of Nepal)"
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485:
270:
253:
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Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks – UNESCO World Heritage Centre
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730:
On 7 February 2021 it was reported that a portion of the Nanda Devi glacier
708:
472:
397:
37:
1027:, 1:150,000 scale topographic map, prepared in 1992 by Ernst Huber for the
1006:, 1:150,000 scale topographic map, prepared in 1992 by Ernst Huber for the
589:
516:
421:
313:
to be higher. It was also the highest mountain in India until 1975, when
755:
Nanda Devi peak view from the west near Deodi camp in Rishi Ganga gorge
609:
389:
219:
791:
Nanda Devi peaks wide view SE from slopes of Kalanka in Changabang Gal
520:
373:
314:
50:
872:
1504:"Kargil war hero missing in Nanda Devi snowstorm" Indianexpress.com
1270:"Scores feared dead as glacier causes dams to burst in north India"
1236:"Uttarakhand glacier burst brings back memory of 2013 flash floods"
691:
forms the core of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (which includes
686:
Mask Dance in lata village, the gateway to Nanda Devi National Park
649:
This was followed in 1981 by another Indian Army expedition of the
627:, summited on 1 September. The expedition was co-led by Reichardt,
1181:"Nanda Devi Bio Diversity Conservation and Ecotourism Declaration"
681:
603:
452:
295:
287:
227:
779:
Nanda Devi peak view from outer Sanctuary near Bujgara closeup
1543:'High heaven: a trek to the top of the world' The Independent
1508:
1129:"Darkness at Noon: The life and death of Nanda Devi Unsoeld"
321:
until 1948 and a protectorate of India thereafter, became a
1538:
GMVN – Uttarakhand Tourism page on Nanda Devi National Park
1332:
Spies in the Himalayas: Secret Missions and Perilous Climbs
815:
Nanda Devi north face viewed from Deo Damla approach valley
502:
discovered a way through the Rishi Gorge into the Sanctuary
417:
674:
Anand Swaroop, G. K. Sharma, Didar Singh and S. P. Bhatt.
1050:"Nanda Devi's Nuclear Secret and a Botched CIA Operation"
1405:– New Age International (Wiley Eastern Ltd), New Delhi.
1152:
Sapper Adventure Foundation & Wiley Eastern Limited
466:, the lowest of which is 5,180 m (16,990 ft).
916:
914:
912:
767:
Nanda Devi peak view from outer Sanctuary near Bujgara
656:
In 1993, a 40-member team of the Indian Army from the
92:
List of Indian states and territories by highest point
1589:
Highest points of Indian states and union territories
803:
Nanda Devi peak N face view from slopes of Deo Damla
608:The southwest side of Nanda Devi photographed from
269:
252:
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136:
97:
81:
65:
49:
44:
30:
1043:
1041:
947:
945:
943:
941:
927:, Audrey Salkeld, editor, Bulfinch Press, 1998,
1545:- article describing the Nanda Devi Sanctuary
580:From 1965 to 1968, attempts were made by the
8:
427:On the northern side of the massif lies the
1474:Nanda Devi: A Journey to the Last Sanctuary
592:Province, at a time of relative infancy in
1268:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (7 February 2021).
845:
843:
841:
409:23rd highest independent peak in the world
277:south ridge: technical rock/snow/ice climb
27:
1048:Ranvijay Singh Hada (18 September 2020).
1144:
1142:
506:
875:gives the coordinates of Nanda Devi as
837:
745:
457:Shaded contour map of Nanda Devi region
538:in the 1920s, and it is possible that
707:importance to the common heritage of
449:Shipton–Tilman Nanda Devi expeditions
7:
1209:Misra, Neelesh (15 September 2006).
1029:Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research
1008:Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research
951:Andy Fanshawe and Stephen Venables,
1511:– web site of the local inhabitants
1493:, Cambridge University Press. 1937.
309:before computations in 1808 proved
1594:Seven-thousanders of the Himalayas
1574:Tourist attractions in Uttarakhand
1070:Jose, Vinod K. (1 December 2010).
286:is the second-highest mountain in
189:
156:
14:
1428:Nanda Devi:Exploration and Ascent
1385:Nanda Devi: The Tragic Expedition
1094:Nanda Devi: The Tragic Expedition
631:(who was on the 1936 climb,) and
307:the highest mountain in the world
808:
796:
784:
772:
760:
748:
667:Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology
584:(CIA), in co-operation with the
543:reached Everest's summit in 1924
443:Exploration and climbing history
365:Description and notable features
188:
181:
155:
148:
36:
16:Second-highest mountain in India
1096:(The Mountaineers Books, 2000)
678:Recent history and conservation
484:In 1934, the British explorers
1334:, University Press of Kansas.
955:, Hodder and Stoughton, 1995,
713:Indian Army Corps of Engineers
646:made an unsuccessful attempt.
644:Indian Army Corps of Engineers
1:
1584:Geography of Chamoli district
1579:World Heritage Sites in India
500:, Pasang and Kusang, finally
71:3,139 m (10,299 ft)
55:7,816 m (25,643 ft)
1476:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson
990:north-northwest of Darjiling
1569:Biosphere reserves of India
1448:, (private pub., Calcutta).
1403:Nandadevi – Restoring Glory
1150:Nandadevi – Restoring Glory
1133:THE AMERICAN ALPINE JOURNAL
663:Wildlife Institute of India
582:Central Intelligence Agency
528:highest peak climbed by man
413:Dakshini Nanda Devi Glacier
337:valley on the west and the
1620:
1532:Unesco World Heritage Site
1430:, The Mountaineers Books.
1387:, The Mountaineers Books.
1072:"River Deep Mountain High"
723:
671:World Wide Fund for Nature
515:(on the right), Shot from
446:
359:UNESCO World Heritage Site
305:Nanda Devi was considered
18:
1599:National symbols of India
1559:Sacred mountains of India
1458:, Thunder's Mouth Press.
1352:River Deep, Mountain High
827:Sacred mountains of India
511:Nanda Devi (center) with
429:Uttari Nanda Devi Glacier
407:In addition to being the
141:
35:
1564:Mountains of Uttarakhand
1491:The Ascent of Nanda Devi
1242:. PTI. 7 February 2021.
1127:Unsoeld, Willie (1977).
693:Nanda Devi National Park
532:1950 ascent of Annapurna
437:Nanda Devi National Park
386:Nanda Devi National Park
355:Nanda Devi National Park
1313:, Penguin Books India.
1211:"Nanda Devi opens door"
1114:American Alpine Journal
1031:, based on maps of the
1010:, based on maps of the
976:Encyclopedia Britannica
594:China's missile program
325:. It is located in the
172:Show map of Uttarakhand
726:2021 Uttarakhand flood
687:
612:
523:
458:
1604:Mountains in Hinduism
1368:Nude Besides the Lake
1311:The Nanda Devi Affair
1148:Sanan, Deepak (1995)
953:Himalaya Alpine-Style
894:30.37000°N 79.97000°E
685:
669:and Natural History,
607:
510:
456:
400:districts in India's
298:.) Nanda Devi is the
121:30.37583°N 79.97083°E
1356:The Caravan Magazine
1309:. (reprinted 1994).
1025:Garhwal-Himalaya-Ost
925:World Mountaineering
380:, (locally known as
341:valley on the east.
1509:Nanda Devi Campaign
923:, "Nanda Devi", in
890: /
697:World Heritage Site
586:Intelligence Bureau
319:independent kingdom
302:peak in the world.
117: /
1446:Himalayan Handbook
1426:(Reprinted 2000).
1074:. Caravan Magazine
899:30.37000; 79.97000
699:, "of outstanding
688:
658:Corps of Engineers
651:Parachute Regiment
613:
524:
459:
258:29 August 1936 by
202:Nanda Devi (India)
126:30.37583; 79.97083
45:Highest point
1424:& Houston, C.
1190:. 14 October 2001
600:Subsequent climbs
281:
280:
205:Show map of India
169:Location in India
61:
1611:
1527:
1526:on 4 March 2016.
1522:. Archived from
1471:
1453:
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1425:
1400:
1382:
1365:
1349:
1329:
1328:& Conboy, K.
1308:
1293:
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1061:
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1058:
1056:
1045:
1036:
1022:
1016:
999:
993:
992:
986:
984:
973:"Kanchenjunga",
970:
964:
949:
936:
918:
907:
905:
904:
902:
901:
900:
895:
891:
888:
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883:
869:
863:
862:
860:
858:
847:
812:
800:
788:
776:
764:
752:
369:Nanda Devi is a
273:
242:Garhwal Himalaya
237:
206:
192:
191:
185:
173:
159:
158:
152:
132:
131:
129:
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118:
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77:
57:
40:
28:
1619:
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1614:
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1609:
1608:
1549:
1548:
1514:
1500:
1469:
1451:
1441:
1416:
1398:
1381:Roskelley, John
1380:
1363:Malhotra, Ashok
1361:
1345:
1324:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1215:Hindustan Times
1208:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1174:
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1163:
1147:
1140:
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1125:
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1111:
1107:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1033:Survey of India
1023:
1019:
1012:Survey of India
1000:
996:
982:
980:
979:, 17 April 2023
972:
971:
967:
950:
939:
919:
910:
898:
896:
892:
889:
884:
881:
879:
877:
876:
873:Himalayan Index
870:
866:
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792:
789:
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756:
753:
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722:
680:
637:inguinal hernia
629:H. Adams Carter
625:Louis Reichardt
602:
578:
559:H. Adams Carter
555:Charles Houston
451:
445:
378:Nanda Devi East
367:
357:was declared a
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235:
211:
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90:
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72:
56:
24:
21:Nanda Devi East
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5:
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1499:
1498:External links
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1376:978-1463529390
1370:, Createspace
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1092:J. Roskelley,
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994:
965:
937:
935:, pp. 254–257.
921:Harish Kapadia
908:
864:
853:. Peaklist.org
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540:George Mallory
468:Hugh Ruttledge
447:Main article:
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333:, between the
323:state of India
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1534:on Nanda Devi
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1497:
1492:
1488:
1487:Tilman, H. W.
1485:
1483:
1482:0-297-60753-7
1479:
1475:
1470:Thomson, Hugh
1468:
1465:
1464:1-56025-845-4
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1452:Takeda, Peter
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1004:-Himalaya-Ost
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272:Easiest route
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1524:the original
1520:Peakware.com
1519:
1516:"Nanda Devi"
1490:
1473:
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1445:
1427:
1422:Tilman, H.W.
1402:
1384:
1367:
1351:
1331:
1310:
1306:Aitken, Bill
1285:. Retrieved
1274:The Guardian
1273:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1239:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1187:
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1076:. Retrieved
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1024:
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1001:
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988:
981:, retrieved
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867:
855:. Retrieved
736:Reni village
729:
689:
655:
648:
641:
614:
579:
571:
547:H. W. Tilman
525:
513:Sunanda Devi
496:companions,
490:H. W. Tilman
486:Eric Shipton
471:
460:
426:
406:
382:Sunanda Devi
381:
368:
343:
329:district of
304:
300:23rd-highest
283:
282:
254:First ascent
236:Parent range
25:
1418:Shipton, E.
1383:. (2000).
1347:Jose, Vinod
1326:Kohli, M.S.
1220:22 December
1194:22 December
1188:icimod.org/
1055:22 February
897: /
576:CIA mission
563:fixed ropes
402:Uttarakhand
394:Pithoragarh
331:Uttarakhand
264:Bill Tilman
224:Uttarakhand
124: /
99:Coordinates
75:Ranked 74th
59:Ranked 23rd
1553:Categories
1442:Sircar, J.
1287:8 February
1253:8 February
885:79°58′12″E
882:30°22′12″N
833:References
732:broke away
720:2021 flood
621:Jim States
565:, nor any
551:Noel Odell
530:until the
498:Angtharkay
479:North Pole
462:difficult
371:two-peaked
335:Rishiganga
311:Dhaulagiri
284:Nanda Devi
260:Noel Odell
196:Nanda Devi
163:Nanda Devi
112:79°58′15″E
109:30°22′33″N
67:Prominence
31:Nanda Devi
1454:. (2006)
1401:. (1995)
1282:0261-3077
1248:0971-751X
1240:The Hindu
709:humankind
473:The Times
398:Bageshwar
361:in 1988.
339:Goriganga
137:Geography
51:Elevation
1528:– photos
1350:(2010).
1330:(2003).
821:See also
701:cultural
590:Xinjiang
517:Ranikhet
422:Pakistan
290:, after
248:Climbing
216:Location
1472:(2004)
1444:(1979)
1366:(2011)
1117:, 1977.
1002:Kumaoun
742:Gallery
705:natural
610:Kausani
404:state.
390:Chamoli
346:Garhwal
327:Chamoli
220:Chamoli
83:Listing
1480:
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1338:
1317:
1280:
1246:
1156:
1100:
1078:20 May
983:13 May
959:
931:
857:28 May
567:Sherpa
521:Almora
494:Sherpa
464:passes
374:massif
350:Kumaon
315:Sikkim
1299:Books
1184:(PDF)
420:, in
317:, an
296:Nepal
288:India
228:India
88:Ultra
1478:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1289:2021
1278:ISSN
1255:2021
1244:ISSN
1222:2018
1196:2018
1154:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1080:2013
1057:2021
985:2023
957:ISBN
929:ISBN
871:The
859:2014
623:and
549:and
488:and
396:and
348:and
262:and
703:or
433:Col
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1420:,
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