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366:
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1407:, argued that the female brain was similar to that of an animal. This allowed anthropologists to declare that women were in fact more emotional and less rational than men. McGrigor then concluded that women's brains were more analogous to infants, thus deeming them inferior at the time. To further these claims of female inferiority and silence the feminists of the time, other anthropologists joined in on the studies of the female skull. These cranial measurements are the basis of what is known as
833:, there has also been considerable modification from the primitive pattern. The roof of the skull is generally well formed, and although the exact relationship of its bones to those of tetrapods is unclear, they are usually given similar names for convenience. Other elements of the skull, however, may be reduced; there is little cheek region behind the enlarged orbits, and little, if any bone in between them. The upper jaw is often formed largely from the
339:
1627:
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1415:
studies show that women's skulls are slightly thicker and thus men may be more susceptible to head injury than women. However, other studies shows that men's skulls are slightly thicker in certain areas. Some studies show that females are more susceptible to concussion than males. Men's skulls have also been shown to maintain density with age, which may aid in preventing head injury, while women's skull density slightly decreases with age.
819:
331:
67:
1087:. The posterior fontanelle usually closes by eight weeks, but the anterior fontanel can remain open up to eighteen months. The anterior fontanelle is located at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones; it is a "soft spot" on a baby's forehead. Careful observation will show that you can count a baby's heart rate by observing the pulse pulsing softly through the anterior fontanelle.
1612:
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1055:. There are six fontanelles: one anterior (or frontal), one posterior (or occipital), two sphenoid (or anterolateral), and two mastoid (or posterolateral). At birth, these regions are fibrous and moveable, necessary for birth and later growth. This growth can put a large amount of tension on the "obstetrical hinge", which is where the
967:
typically have greatly reduced skulls, with many of the bones either absent or wholly or partly replaced by cartilage. In mammals and birds, in particular, modifications of the skull occurred to allow for the expansion of the brain. The fusion between the various bones is especially notable in birds,
1121:
in an infant skull prematurely fuses, and changes the growth pattern of the skull. Because the skull cannot expand perpendicular to the fused suture, it grows more in the parallel direction. Sometimes the resulting growth pattern provides the necessary space for the growing brain, but results in an
943:
skull, as in reptiles, with a prelacrimal fossa (present in some reptiles). The skull has a single occipital condyle. The skull consists of five major bones: the frontal (top of head), parietal (back of head), premaxillary and nasal (top beak), and the mandible (bottom beak). The skull of a normal
1414:
Research has shown that while in early life there is little difference between male and female skulls, in adulthood male skulls tend to be larger and more robust than female skulls, which are lighter and smaller, with a cranial capacity about 10 percent less than that of the male. However, later
1149:
Injuries to the brain can be life-threatening. Normally the skull protects the brain from damage through its high resistance to deformation; the skull is one of the least deformable structures found in nature, needing the force of about 1 ton to reduce its diameter by 1 cm. In some cases of
1185:
hole in the cranium. Examination of skulls from this period reveals that the patients sometimes survived for many years afterward. It seems likely that trepanning was also performed purely for ritualistic or religious reasons. Nowadays this procedure is still used but is normally called a
6204:
3024:
Schulte-Geers, Christina; Obert, Martin; Schilling, René L.; Harth, Sebastian; Traupe, Horst; Gizewski, Elke R.; Verhoff, Marcel A. (2011). "Age and gender-dependent bone density changes of the human skull disclosed by high-resolution flat-panel computed tomography".
1285:
is a largely historical practice of some cultures. Cords and wooden boards would be used to apply pressure to an infant's skull and alter its shape, sometimes quite significantly. This procedure would begin just after birth and would be carried on for several years.
574:
787:, such as sharks and rays, have also simple, and presumably primitive, skull structures. The cranium is a single structure forming a case around the brain, enclosing the lower surface and the sides, but always at least partially open at the top as a large
781:, in which the cranium is normally represented by a trough-like basket of cartilaginous elements only partially enclosing the brain, and associated with the capsules for the inner ears and the single nostril. Distinctively, these fish have no jaws.
1593:
1254:, these reconstructive surgical procedures that can alter sexually dimorphic facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to facial features of the desired sex. These procedures can be an important part of the treatment of
944:
bird usually weighs about 1% of the bird's total bodyweight. The eye occupies a considerable amount of the skull and is surrounded by a sclerotic eye-ring, a ring of tiny bones. This characteristic is also seen in reptiles.
1462:
is the ratio of the width of the head, multiplied by 100 and divided by its length (front to back). The index is also used to categorize animals, especially dogs and cats. The width is usually measured just below the
916:
with the occipital bone and parts of the sphenoid in mammals. Finally, the lower jaw is composed of multiple bones, only the most anterior of which (the dentary) is homologous with the mammalian mandible.
904:. The various separate bones that compose the temporal bone of humans are also part of the skull roof series. A further plate composed of four pairs of bones forms the roof of the mouth; these include the
1162:. In these cases, the raised intracranial pressure can cause herniation of the brain out of the foramen magnum ("coning") because there is no space for the brain to expand; this can result in significant
2638:
Li, Haiyan; Ruan, Jesse; Xie, Zhonghua; Wang, Hao; Liu, Wengling (2007). "Investigation of the critical geometric characteristics of living human skulls utilising medical image analysis techniques".
1133:
is a phenomenon wherein intense intracranial pressure disfigures the internal surface of the skull. The name comes from the fact that the inner skull has the appearance of having been beaten with a
1653:
1122:
abnormal head shape and abnormal facial features. In cases in which the compensation does not effectively provide enough space for the growing brain, craniosynostosis results in increased
1328:, which attempted to show that specific features of the skull are associated with certain personality traits or intellectual capabilities of its owner. His theory is now considered to be
5153:
1039:
At birth, the human skull is made up of 44 separate bony elements. During development, many of these bony elements gradually fuse together into solid bone (for example, the
5369:
3119:
Principi di storia della patologia umana: corso di storia della medicina per gli studenti della FacoltĂ di medicina e chirurgia e della FacoltĂ di scienze infermieristiche
2248:
Gault, David T.; Renier, Dominique; Marchac, Daniel; Jones, Barry M. (September 1992). "Intracranial
Pressure and Intracranial Volume in Children with Craniosynostosis".
1317:
can use traits, such as the proportions of length, height and width, to know the relationships of the population of the study with other living or extinct populations.
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3246:
848:
is not fully formed, and consists of multiple, somewhat irregularly shaped bones with no direct relationship to those of tetrapods. The upper jaw is formed from the
2369:
597:. Their known functions are the lessening of the weight of the skull, the aiding of resonance to the voice and the warming and moistening of the air drawn into the
2441:
Ainsworth, Tiffiny A.; Spiegel, Jeffrey H. (2010). "Quality of life of individuals with and without facial feminization surgery or gender reassignment surgery".
2203:
Slater, Bethany J.; Lenton, Kelly A.; Kwan, Matthew D.; Gupta, Deepak M.; Wan, Derrick C.; Longaker, Michael T. (April 2008). "Cranial
Sutures: A Brief Review".
123:
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1203:. About 9 months later, the first complete cranium replacement with a 3D-printed plastic insert was performed on a Dutch woman. She had been suffering from
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The human skull is generally considered to consist of 22 bonesâeight cranial bones and fourteen facial skeleton bones. In the neurocranium these are the
2105:
1302:
use quantitative and qualitative traits to estimate what the bearer of the skull looked like. When a significant amount of bones are found, such as at
238:
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723:
is a skull bone that found in most of the reptiles, amphibians and birds. In mammals, the jugal is often called the zygomatic bone or malar bone.
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3489:
5139:
4768:
4748:
3159:
3126:
2772:
Adeloye, Adelola; Kattan, Kenneth R.; Silverman, Frederic N. (July 1975). "Thickness of the normal skull in the
American blacks and whites".
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1739:
2613:
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912:. The base of the cranium is formed from a ring of bones surrounding the foramen magnum and a median bone lying further forward; these are
561:
Some of these bonesâthe occipital, parietal, frontal, in the neurocranium, and the nasal, lacrimal, and vomer, in the facial skeleton are
6224:
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3196:
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must be watched extremely carefully. Repeated concussions can activate the structure of skull bones as the brain's protective covering.
558:, the malleus, incus, and stapes, but the overall general consensus of the number of bones in the human skull is the stated twenty-two.
2688:"Human cranial vault thickness in a contemporary sample of 1097 autopsy cases: relation to body weight, stature, age, sex and ancestry"
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4095:
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Although the skulls of fossil lobe-finned fish resemble those of the early tetrapods, the same cannot be said of those of the living
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2010:
1955:
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837:, with the maxilla itself located further back, and an additional bone, the symplectic, linking the jaw to the rest of the cranium.
920:
In living tetrapods, a great many of the original bones have either disappeared or fused into one another in various arrangements.
2296:
1450:
than those of females. Male mandibles typically have squarer chins and thicker, rougher muscle attachments than female mandibles.
1371:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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163:. The skull is composed of three types of bone: cranial bones, facial bones, and ear ossicles. Two parts are more prominent: the
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In March 2013, for the first time in the U.S., researchers replaced a large percentage of a patient's skull with a precision,
1012:) are largely formed by endochondral ossification. Thus frontal and parietal bones are purely membranous. The geometry of the
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1567:, a practice in which a hole is created in the skull, has been described as the oldest surgical procedure for which there is
1282:
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271:). The human skull fully develops two years after birth. The junctions of the skull bones are joined by structures called
118:
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leading possibly to visual impairment, sleeping impairment, eating difficulties, or an impairment of mental development.
1067:. As growth and ossification progress, the connective tissue of the fontanelles is invaded and replaced by bone creating
815:
for the cranial nerves. The jaws consist of separate hoops of cartilage, almost always distinct from the cranium proper.
207:
structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. In humans, these sensory structures are part of the facial skeleton.
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546:. Some sources count a paired bone as one, or the maxilla as having two bones (as its parts); some sources include the
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formed by intramembranous ossification, though the temporal bones are formed by endochondral ossification. The
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35:
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WPATH Clarification on
Medical Necessity of Treatment, Sex Reassignment, and Insurance Coverage in the U.S.A.
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2930:"Current Issues in the Identification, Assessment, and Management of Concussions in Sports-Related Injuries"
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refers to the ratio between the height of the head multiplied by 100 and divided by the length of the head.
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organs. Behind these are the orbits, and then an additional pair of capsules enclosing the structure of the
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31:
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Standards of Care for the Health of
Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People, Version 7.
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is large in proportion to other parts of the body. The facial skeleton is one seventh of the size of the
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803:. Finally, the skull tapers towards the rear, where the foramen magnum lies immediately above a single
2975:
Lillie, Elizabeth M.; Urban, Jillian E.; Lynch, Sarah K.; Weaver, Ashley A.; Stitzel, Joel D. (2016).
2686:
De Boer, H. H. (Hans); Van der Merwe, A. E. (Lida); Soerdjbalie-Maikoe, V. (Vidija) (September 2016).
210:
Functions of the skull include protection of the brain, fixing the distance between the eyes to allow
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2146:. Vol. 3: HeadâNeck Brain (Sixth ed.). CBS Publishers & Distributors. pp. 29â30.
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or death unless an urgent operation is performed to relieve the pressure. This is why patients with
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bones, comprising the bones of the facial skeleton and the sides and roof of the neurocranium, are
677:
469:
211:
195:) that includes the mandible as its largest bone. The skull forms the anterior-most portion of the
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Mansour, Salah; Magnan, Jacques; Ahmad, Hassan Haidar; Nicolas, Karen; Louryan, Stéphane (2019).
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1411:. These cranial measurements were also used to draw a connection between women and black people.
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permitting some flexibility. Sometimes there can be extra bone pieces within the suture known as
215:
3209:
Bird skull database with very large collection of skulls (Agricultural
University of Wageningen)
2977:"Evaluation of Skull Cortical Thickness Changes With Age and Sex From Computed Tomography Scans"
2929:
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found it crucial to distinguish between male and female skulls. An anthropologist of the time,
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2822:"Frontal Bone is Thicker in Women and Frontal Sinus is Larger in Men: A Morphometric Analysis"
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222:(mammals with hooves), the skull also has a defensive function by providing the mount (on the
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2717:
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2574:
Fee, Elizabeth (Fall 1979). "Nineteenth-Century
Craniology: The Study of the Female Skull".
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1980:
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Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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Like the face, the skull and teeth can also indicate a person's life history and origin.
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evidence, found in the forms of cave paintings and human remains. At one burial site in
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156:
2879:"Thickness of the human cranial diploe in relation to age, sex and general body build"
2333:
1971:
Dechow, Paul C.; Wang, Qian (January 2017). "Evolution of the Jugal/Zygomatic Bones".
1063:
of the occipital bone meet. A possible complication of this tension is rupture of the
30:
This article is about the skulls of all animals including humans. For other uses, see
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791:. The most anterior part of the cranium includes a forward plate of cartilage, the
778:
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188:
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2106:"Clinical anatomy of the human anterior cranial fossa during the prenatal period"
1918:
730:
is a bone that separates the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls.
111:
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5648:
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name="Men May Be More
Susceptible To Head Injury Than Women, Study Suggests">
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2486:
Shams, Mohammad Ghasem; Motamedi, Mohammad Hosein
Kalantar (9 January 2009).
754:
only poss a cartilaginous endocranium, with both the upper jaw and the lower
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3219:
Human Skulls / Anthropological Skulls / Comparison of Skulls of Vertebrates
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811:. There are, in addition, at various points throughout the cranium, smaller
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Anatomy of a flat bone â the periosteum of the neurocranium is known as the
279:
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2121:
1833:
White, Tim D.; Black, Michael T.; Folkens, Pieter Arend (21 January 2011).
1764:
976:
746:
The skull of fish is formed from a series of only loosely connected bones.
393:. Like the skulls of other vertebrates, it protects the brain from injury.
2820:
EkĆi, Murat Ćakir; GĂŒdĂŒk, Mustafa; Usseli, Murat Imre (19 November 2020).
2793:
2764:
2271:
2176:
2144:
BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy: Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical
1892:
1032:
changes rapidly. The anterior cranial fossa changes especially during the
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of the direction and distance of sounds. In some animals, such as horned
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South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Geneeskunde
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4558:
3451:
2661:"Men May Be More Susceptible To Head Injury Than Women, Study Suggests"
1617:
1207:, which increased the thickness of her skull and compressed her brain.
1197:
1091:
940:
747:
738:
531:
435:
The sutures are fairly rigid joints between bones of the neurocranium.
299:
2993:
2976:
6101:
6096:
6031:
6026:
5972:
5908:
5856:
5775:
5665:
5653:
5608:
5567:
5562:
5504:
5429:
5295:
5290:
5208:
3698:
1984:
1754:
1572:
1435:
771:
452:
Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined by
2392:"Dutch hospital gives patient new plastic skull, made by 3D printer"
604:
The foramina are openings in the skull. The largest of these is the
136:
2318:
Holbourn, A. H. S. (9 October 1943). "Mechanics of Head Injuries".
2037:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 216â247.
2005:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 173â177.
1036:
of pregnancy and skull defects can often develop during this time.
6111:
6106:
5991:
5718:
5625:
5526:
5484:
5423:
5203:
5070:
3532:
1269:
1219:
975:
951:
927:
905:
884:
is formed of a series of plate-like bones, including the maxilla,
853:
817:
751:
737:
720:
652:
613:
572:
519:
461:
364:
356:
345:
337:
329:
247:
184:
160:
75:
968:
in which the individual structures may be difficult to identify.
856:
alone, all of which bear teeth. Much of the skull is formed from
5878:
5613:
5489:
5407:
4902:
936:
447:
438:
The facial skeleton is formed by the bones supporting the face.
386:
152:
5351:
5135:
4518:
3471:
3228:
3070:"Sex Determination of Human Mandible Using Metrical Parameters"
1434:
and narrower jaws. Male skulls on average have larger, broader
984:
The skull is a complex structure; its bones are formed both by
5913:
5730:
5494:
4906:
1345:
755:
742:
Fish head parts, 1889, Fauna of British India, Sir Francis Day
2877:
Lynnerup, Niels; Astrup, Jacob G.; Sejrsen, Birgitte (2005).
266:
260:
3206:
2362:"3D-Printed Polymer Skull Implant Used For First Time in US"
2104:
Derkowski, Wojciech; KÄdzia, Alicja; Glonek, MichaĆ (2003).
1222:, there are "tiny channels" in the skull through which the
2137:
2135:
2058:
Wing, Leonard W. (1956). "The Place of Birds in Nature".
900:, corresponding to the cartilaginous skull in sharks and
2739:
Ross, M. D.; Lee, K. A.; Castle, W. M. (10 April 1976).
1555:, a membrane that lines the outer surface of the cranium
608:, of the occipital bone, that allows the passage of the
2802:"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"
2546:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health.
2526:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health.
2415:"Newly discovered skull channels play role in immunity"
428:(skullcap). The membranous viscerocranium includes the
6172:
758:
being separate elements. Bony fishes have additional
480:. Most commonly these are found in the course of the
1947:
Comprehensive and Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Ear
6127:
6050:
6012:
5889:
5832:
5791:
5756:
5697:
5634:
5594:
5585:
5553:
5525:
5398:
5389:
5304:
5281:
5167:
5086:
5029:
4967:
4891:
4882:
4852:
4812:
4791:
4782:
4739:
4714:
4653:
4566:
4557:
4473:
4421:
4388:
4379:
4354:
4295:
4267:
4212:
4125:
4116:
4094:
3996:
3943:
3905:
3896:
3854:
3770:
3761:
3718:
3686:
3663:
3611:
3518:
3509:
3424:
3289:
3266:
2033:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
2001:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Thomas S., Parsons (1977).
1117:is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous
117:
105:
100:
88:
83:
59:
1736:, the abnormal flattening of one side of the skull
1181:was sometimes performed. This involved drilling a
3154:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.
1004:, the bones supporting the brain (the occipital,
27:Bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates
1218:(NIH), suggested that instead of travelling via
1210:A study conducted in 2018 by the researchers of
408:, and the facial skeleton. The neurocranium (or
396:The skull consists of three parts, of different
214:, and fixing the position of the ears to enable
4086:in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
2928:McKeever, Catherine K.; Schatz, Philip (2003).
2198:
2196:
2194:
2167:Silva, Sandra; Jeanty, Philippe (7 June 1999).
1246:skull features may be carried out as a part of
241:
1539:, a primitive cartilaginous skeletal structure
5363:
5147:
4530:
3483:
3240:
8:
3150:Restak, Richard (2000). "Fixing the Brain".
2348:"Repeated Concussions Can Thicken the Skull"
2083:(Second ed.). Mosby. pp. 166â170.
2081:Human Embryology & Developmental Biology
1141:. The condition is most common in children.
1047:are initially separated by regions of dense
3074:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
319:For details and the constituent bones, see
251:
5591:
5395:
5370:
5356:
5348:
5154:
5140:
5132:
4888:
4788:
4563:
4537:
4523:
4515:
4385:
4122:
3902:
3767:
3515:
3490:
3476:
3468:
3247:
3233:
3225:
2741:"Skull thickness of Black and White races"
1098:. (In the adult it is half the size). The
278:The skull is made up of a number of fused
65:
3093:
2992:
2904:
2894:
2774:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2721:
2703:
2503:
1387:Learn how and when to remove this message
1274:Adam was believed to have been buried on
302:, there are openings in the skull called
48:"đ" redirects here. For the symbol, see
1923:. The Princeton Review. pp. 22â25.
1665:, an extinct genus transitional between
1418:Male skulls can all have more prominent
1324:in around 1800 formulated the theory of
860:, and its overall structure is reduced.
416:that surrounds and houses the brain and
6179:
3068:G., V.; Gowri s.r., M.; J., A. (2013).
3027:International Journal of Legal Medicine
2692:International Journal of Legal Medicine
2640:International Journal of Vehicle Safety
2488:"Case report: Feminizing the male face"
1801:
1589:
1430:. Female skulls generally have rounder
980:Skull of a new-born child from the side
2372:from the original on 28 September 2013
2169:"Cloverleaf skull or kleeblattschadel"
1893:"Definition of skull | Dictionary.com"
1822:from the original on 17 February 2015.
1782:This article incorporates text in the
1234:after an injury to the brain tissues.
774:fish. The lower jaw defines the chin.
697:, an opening between two parts of the
134:
56:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2064:. The Ronald Press Company. pp.
1996:
1994:
1740:Skull and crossbones (disambiguation)
956:Amphibians' skulls, Hans Gadow, 1909
896:, among others. It is overlaying the
377:is the bone structure that forms the
7:
2981:Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1579:skulls found had trepanation holes.
385:. It supports the structures of the
191:(braincase) and the viscerocranium (
2826:The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
2577:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
2402:from the original on 28 March 2014.
1604:Cleveland Museum of Natural History
168:
2616:from the original on 31 March 2014
2299:from the original on 25 April 2018
2251:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
2219:10.1097/01.prs.0000304441.99483.97
2206:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
777:The simpler structure is found in
762:, forming a more or less coherent
25:
3366:Petrous part of the temporal bone
2673:from the original on 7 March 2012
1575:dated to 6500 BCE, 40 out of 120
1278:. Silk embroidery (17th century).
872:closely resembled those of their
6182:
2264:10.1097/00006534-199209000-00003
1776:
1674:
1652:
1640:
1625:
1610:
1592:
1350:
1177:times, a skull operation called
1102:is short and narrow, though the
203:âhousing the brain, and several
3591:Internal occipital protuberance
3537:External occipital protuberance
2604:"5d. The Interior of the Skull"
2413:Cohut, Maria (29 August 2018).
1873:from the original on 2 May 2016
1399:In the mid-nineteenth century,
1154:, however, there can be raised
1071:. The five sutures are the two
585:, air-filled cavities known as
1839:. Academic Press. p. 51.
1283:Artificial cranial deformation
1252:facial masculinization surgery
807:, articulating with the first
795:, and capsules to enclose the
577:CT scan of a human skull in 3D
1:
2334:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)87453-X
1216:National Institutes of Health
1158:through mechanisms such as a
673:) are openings in the skull.
593:. The sinuses are lined with
5162:Compound structures of skull
2838:10.1097/SCS.0000000000007256
2175:. MacroMedia. Archived from
267:
5474:
4156:Posterior clinoid processes
3601:Groove for transverse sinus
3191:California State University
3086:10.7860/JCDR/2013/7621.3728
1790:of the 20th edition of
1248:facial feminization surgery
1137:, such as is often used by
868:The skulls of the earliest
389:and forms a cavity for the
6246:
6225:Bones of the head and neck
2079:Carlson, Bruce M. (1999).
1917:Alcamo, I. Edward (2003).
1815:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
1698:
1467:, and the length from the
1339:
445:
361:Human skull from the front
342:Human head skull from side
318:
294:, and several cavities or
261:
187:, these two parts are the
47:
40:
29:
4931:Mandibular incisive canal
3201:GateWay Community College
3121:(in Italian). Rome: SEU.
3039:10.1007/s00414-010-0544-3
2946:10.1207/S15324826AN1001_2
2705:10.1007/s00414-016-1324-5
2533:30 September 2011 at the
2457:10.1007/s11136-010-9668-7
2142:Chaurasia, B. D. (2013).
1920:Anatomy Coloring Workbook
1836:Human Osteology (3rd ed.)
1438:, squarer orbits, larger
990:endochondral ossification
632:of the skull include the
420:. The upper areas of the
237:is probably derived from
129:
64:
5332:pterygomaxillary fissure
5099:Posterior lacrimal crest
4282:Anterior clinoid process
4277:Superior orbital fissure
4023:Internal auditory meatus
3869:Fossa for lacrimal gland
3596:Internal occipital crest
3547:External occipital crest
3193:Department of Anthology)
2883:Head & Face Medicine
2652:10.1504/IJVS.2007.016747
2444:Quality of Life Research
2061:Natural History of Birds
1861:"Cephalization: Biology"
1471:to the occipital point.
1030:posterior cranial fossae
581:The skull also contains
41:Not to be confused with
36:Cranium (disambiguation)
4674:Anterior lacrimal crest
4259:Sulcus of auditory tube
3276:Pterygospinous ligament
3197:Skull Anatomy Tutorial.
3117:Capasso, Luigi (2002).
2934:Applied Neuropsychology
2786:10.1002/ajpa.1330430105
1950:. Springer. p. 2.
1866:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1359:Some of this section's
1242:Surgical alteration of
412:) forms the protective
242:
5822:Lymphoid immune system
5391:Musculoskeletal system
4838:Sphenopalatine foramen
4834:Greater palatine canal
4645:Greater palatine canal
4173:Middle clinoid process
3391:palatomaxillary suture
3305:frontoethmoidal suture
2896:10.1186/1746-160X-1-13
1701:anatomical terminology
1279:
1238:Transgender procedures
1212:Harvard Medical School
1145:Injuries and treatment
1106:is almost adult size.
981:
960:
933:
826:
743:
658:
595:respiratory epithelium
578:
524:inferior nasal conchae
370:
362:
354:
343:
335:
252:
131:Anatomical terminology
32:Skull (disambiguation)
5810:Myeloid immune system
5596:Cardiovascular system
5337:pterygopalatine fossa
5054:Inferior nasal concha
4911:Mandibular prominence
4824:Posterior nasal spine
4799:Pterygopalatine fossa
4450:Superior nasal concha
3930:Petrotympanic fissure
3207:Bird Skull Collection
3152:Mysteries of the Mind
2287:"Copper beaten skull"
2128:on 24 September 2011.
1973:The Anatomical Record
1724:Human skull symbolism
1719:Head and neck anatomy
1520:â medium high-skulled
1320:The German physician
1273:
1214:in Boston, funded by
1156:intracranial pressure
1124:intracranial pressure
1110:Clinical significance
979:
958:Amphibia and Reptiles
955:
931:
821:
741:
695:Subsquamosal fenestra
669:(from Latin, meaning
656:
576:
569:Cavities and foramina
368:
360:
349:
341:
333:
6162:Islets of Langerhans
6022:Genitourinary system
5758:Integumentary system
4915:Mandibular symphysis
4705:Anterior nasal spine
4618:Maxillary tuberosity
4602:Anterior nasal spine
4592:Infraorbital foramen
4445:Supreme nasal concha
4077:Petrosquamous suture
4033:Stylomastoid foramen
3920:Suprameatal triangle
3812:Supraorbital foramen
2554:3 March 2012 at the
1405:James McGrigor Allan
1043:). The bones of the
534:, the mandible, two
282:, and contains many
199:and is a product of
50:Skull and crossbones
6230:Human head and neck
6052:Reproductive system
5771:Subcutaneous tissue
5540:Cartilaginous joint
5327:infratemporal fossa
4953:Submandibular fovea
4923:Mental protuberance
4830:Perpendicular plate
4629:Infraorbital groove
4460:Middle nasal concha
4413:Perpendicular plate
4254:Infratemporal crest
3795:Superciliary arches
3673:Pharyngeal tubercle
3281:Stylohyoid ligament
2669:. 22 January 2008.
2350:. 2 September 2022.
2179:on 13 February 2008
2035:The Vertebrate Body
2003:The Vertebrate Body
1669:and early tetrapods
1420:supraorbital ridges
1266:Society and culture
1230:reach the areas of
1131:copper beaten skull
1065:great cerebral vein
678:Antorbital fenestra
638:zygomatic processes
369:Side bones of skull
212:stereoscopic vision
6215:Vertebrate anatomy
5834:Respiratory system
5587:Circulatory system
4992:Mandibular foramen
4763:Zygomaticotemporal
4753:Zygomatico-orbital
4697:Foramina of Scarpa
4634:Infraorbital canal
4488:ethmoidal foramina
4406:Olfactory foramina
4367:Sphenoidal conchae
4204:Sphenoidal sinuses
4196:Sphenoidal lingula
3915:Articular tubercle
3586:Cruciform eminence
3409:with temporal bone
3404:with sphenoid bone
3353:with parietal bone
3221:(PDF; 502 kB)
2420:Medical News Today
2110:Folia Morphologica
1897:www.dictionary.com
1760:Overmodelled skull
1699:This article uses
1448:occipital condyles
1280:
1244:sexually dimorphic
1226:combined with the
1160:subdural haematoma
982:
961:
934:
878:lobe-finned fishes
827:
785:Cartilaginous fish
744:
659:
579:
371:
363:
355:
344:
336:
216:sound localisation
6170:
6169:
5693:
5692:
5683:Glymphatic system
5581:
5580:
5345:
5344:
5129:
5128:
5064:Maxillary process
5059:Ethmoidal process
5042:Internasal suture
5025:
5024:
5012:Condyloid process
4878:
4877:
4735:
4734:
4661:Zygomatic process
4512:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4375:
4374:
4201:Anterior surface:
4168:Chiasmatic groove
4151:Hypophysial fossa
4146:Tuberculum sellae
4133:Superior surface:
4112:
4111:
4104:Suprameatal spine
4060:Inferior tympanic
4028:Cochlear aqueduct
3935:Zygomatic process
3892:
3891:
3829:Zygomatic process
3728:Parietal eminence
3714:
3713:
3638:Hypoglossal canal
3465:
3464:
3437:Periodontal fiber
3414:with frontal bone
3399:zygomatic process
3348:with frontal bone
3161:978-0-7922-7941-9
3128:978-88-87753-65-3
3080:(12): 2671â2673.
2994:10.1002/jbmr.2613
2806:www.msjonline.org
2398:. 26 March 2014.
2285:Gaillard, Frank.
2153:978-81-239-2332-1
1583:Additional images
1465:parietal eminence
1440:mastoid processes
1397:
1396:
1389:
1342:Sexual dimorphism
1336:Sexual dimorphism
1322:Franz Joseph Gall
1100:base of the skull
1090:The skull in the
1049:connective tissue
1045:roof of the skull
712:
711:
705:Temporal fenestra
644:Other vertebrates
587:paranasal sinuses
514:The bones of the
233:The English word
145:
144:
140:
16:(Redirected from
6237:
6187:
6186:
6178:
6129:Endocrine system
5891:Digestive system
5636:Lymphatic system
5619:Lymphatic vessel
5592:
5396:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5349:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5133:
5121:Retromolar space
5109:Lacrimal hamulus
5007:Mandibular notch
5002:Coronoid process
4980:Mandibular canal
4975:Mylohyoid groove
4949:Sublingual fovea
4937:internal surface
4899:external surface
4889:
4820:Horizontal plate
4789:
4773:Zygomaticofacial
4759:Temporal process
4689:Incisive foramen
4685:Palatine process
4680:Alveolar process
4564:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4516:
4437:Uncinate process
4396:Cribriform plate
4386:
4324:pterygoid plates
4188:Lateral surface:
4178:Petrosal process
4123:
4043:Subarcuate fossa
3973:Occipital groove
3925:Mandibular fossa
3903:
3884:Frontonasal duct
3785:Frontal eminence
3768:
3738:Parietal foramen
3653:Jugular tubercle
3557:Suprainiac fossa
3516:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3469:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3226:
3213:Human skull base
3174:
3173:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3021:
3015:
3014:
2996:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2898:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2832:(5): 1683â1684.
2816:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2768:
2735:
2725:
2707:
2698:(5): 1371â1377.
2682:
2680:
2678:
2655:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2571:
2560:
2544:
2538:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2368:. 7 March 2013.
2358:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2328:(6267): 438â41.
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2200:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2124:. Archived from
2101:
2095:
2094:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2030:
2017:
2016:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1985:10.1002/ar.23519
1968:
1962:
1961:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1806:
1780:
1779:
1678:
1667:lobe-finned fish
1656:
1644:
1629:
1614:
1600:African elephant
1596:
1392:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1354:
1346:
1330:pseudoscientific
1260:gender dysphoria
1135:ball-peen hammer
1115:Craniosynostosis
1073:squamous sutures
661:
660:
657:Chimpanzee skull
470:Sharpey's fibres
270:
264:
263:
255:
245:
170:
137:edit on Wikidata
72:Volume rendering
69:
57:
21:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6181:
6173:
6171:
6166:
6123:
6085:Seminal vesicle
6046:
6008:
5958:Small intestine
5885:
5828:
5787:
5752:
5689:
5630:
5577:
5555:Muscular system
5549:
5521:
5400:Skeletal system
5385:
5376:
5346:
5341:
5300:
5283:Facial skeleton
5277:
5163:
5160:
5130:
5125:
5104:Lacrimal groove
5082:
5021:
5017:Pterygoid fovea
4963:
4919:Lingual foramen
4874:
4848:
4808:
4804:Pterygoid fossa
4778:
4769:Lateral process
4749:Orbital process
4731:
4727:Maxillary sinus
4722:Body of maxilla
4710:
4693:Incisive canals
4666:Frontal process
4649:
4613:Alveolar canals
4553:
4547:facial skeleton
4543:
4513:
4504:
4469:
4455:Superior meatus
4429:Lateral surface
4417:
4371:
4350:
4341:Pterygoid canal
4298:
4291:
4263:
4208:
4163:Ethmoidal spine
4108:
4090:
4072:Styloid process
3992:
3958:Mastoid process
3953:Mastoid foramen
3939:
3888:
3874:Trochlear fovea
3864:Ethmoidal notch
3850:
3839:Sagittal sulcus
3757:
3743:Sagittal sulcus
3710:
3682:
3659:
3648:Jugular process
3626:Condyloid fossa
3607:
3505:
3496:
3466:
3461:
3447:Dental alveolus
3420:
3358:sphenosquamosal
3343:sphenoethmoidal
3322:occipitomastoid
3285:
3262:
3253:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3162:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3129:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3023:
3022:
3018:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2819:
2810:
2808:
2800:
2771:
2751:(16): 635â638.
2738:
2685:
2676:
2674:
2659:
2637:
2634:Other Sources:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2573:
2572:
2563:
2556:Wayback Machine
2545:
2541:
2535:Wayback Machine
2525:
2521:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2202:
2201:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2020:
2013:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1679:
1670:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1636:
1630:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1585:
1562:
1533:
1507:Humans may be:
1487:â medium-headed
1479:Dolichocephalic
1474:Humans may be:
1456:
1401:anthropologists
1393:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1355:
1344:
1338:
1298:scientists and
1292:
1268:
1240:
1173:Dating back to
1147:
1112:
1085:sagittal suture
1034:first trimester
986:intramembranous
974:
950:
926:
866:
831:ray-finned fish
736:
728:prefrontal bone
717:
701:in some rodents
651:
646:
634:mastoid process
626:
589:, and numerous
571:
540:zygomatic bones
516:facial skeleton
482:lambdoid suture
464:formed by bony
450:
444:
328:
325:Facial skeleton
317:
312:
256:comes from the
193:facial skeleton
141:
95:Skeletal system
79:
53:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6243:
6241:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6197:
6196:
6192:
6191:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6133:
6131:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6056:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6014:Urinary system
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6005:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5936:Laryngopharynx
5933:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5904:Salivary gland
5895:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5838:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5801:
5799:
5797:immune systems
5793:Haematopoietic
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5773:
5768:
5762:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5743:Somatic system
5740:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5726:Sensory system
5723:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5703:
5701:
5699:Nervous system
5695:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5678:CNS equivalent
5675:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5640:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5600:
5598:
5589:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5559:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5545:Synovial joint
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5404:
5402:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5352:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5322:temporal fossa
5319:
5317:zygomatic arch
5314:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5248:
5243:
5241:cranial cavity
5238:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5173:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5136:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5047:Nasal foramina
5044:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4959:Alveolar part
4956:
4945:Mylohyoid line
4934:
4927:Mental foramen
4895:
4893:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4827:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4766:
4756:
4745:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4682:
4677:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4582:Incisive fossa
4570:
4568:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4519:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:Medial surface
4439:
4434:
4432:Orbital lamina
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4392:
4390:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4303:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4198:
4193:
4191:Carotid groove
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4129:
4127:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3983:Mastoid antrum
3980:
3978:Sigmoid sulcus
3975:
3970:
3965:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3831:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3780:Frontal suture
3776:
3774:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3753:Sagittal crest
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3694:Foramen magnum
3690:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3631:Condylar canal
3628:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3524:
3522:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3397:Involving the
3394:
3393:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3371:sphenopetrosal
3364:Involving the
3362:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3336:Involving the
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3315:coronal suture
3312:
3310:frontal suture
3307:
3298:Involving the
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3256:Fibrous joints
3254:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3194:
3182:
3181:External links
3179:
3176:
3175:
3160:
3142:
3127:
3109:
3060:
3033:(3): 417â425.
3016:
2987:(2): 299â307.
2967:
2920:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2817:
2798:
2769:
2736:
2683:
2656:
2627:
2609:Gray's Anatomy
2595:
2561:
2559:pg. 58 (2011).
2539:
2519:
2478:
2451:(7): 1019â24.
2433:
2405:
2383:
2353:
2339:
2310:
2277:
2240:
2213:(4): 170eâ8e.
2190:
2159:
2152:
2131:
2096:
2089:
2071:
2050:
2043:
2018:
2011:
1990:
1963:
1956:
1936:
1929:
1909:
1884:
1852:
1845:
1825:
1800:
1799:
1793:Gray's Anatomy
1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1569:archaeological
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1537:Chondrocranium
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:â high-skulled
1521:
1515:
1502:cephalic index
1495:
1494:
1493:â short-headed
1491:Brachycephalic
1488:
1485:Mesaticephalic
1482:
1460:cephalic index
1455:
1452:
1428:temporal lines
1395:
1394:
1361:listed sources
1358:
1356:
1349:
1340:Main article:
1337:
1334:
1306:in the UK and
1300:archaeologists
1291:
1288:
1267:
1264:
1239:
1236:
1146:
1143:
1111:
1108:
973:
970:
949:
946:
925:
922:
910:palatine bones
865:
862:
735:
732:
716:
713:
710:
709:
708:
707:
702:
699:squamosal bone
692:
686:
680:
650:
647:
645:
642:
625:
622:
606:foramen magnum
570:
567:
544:lacrimal bones
536:palatine bones
497:parietal bones
493:temporal bones
489:occipital bone
446:Main article:
443:
440:
414:cranial cavity
383:human skeleton
316:
313:
311:
308:
143:
142:
133:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
109:
103:
102:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
81:
80:
70:
62:
61:
26:
24:
18:Nasal fenestra
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6242:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6176:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6011:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5997:Biliary tract
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5782:
5781:Mammary gland
5779:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5535:Fibrous joint
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5518:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5379:Human systems
5373:
5368:
5366:
5361:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5246:Base of skull
5244:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5157:
5152:
5150:
5145:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4702:
4701:Incisive bone
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4609:Infratemporal
4607:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4597:Orbital bones
4595:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4540:
4535:
4533:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4483:Ethmoid sinus
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4465:Middle meatus
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4141:Dorsum sellae
4139:
4138:
4137:
4136:Sella turcica
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4096:Tympanic part
4093:
4087:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4048:Jugular fossa
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:Carotid canal
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:Mastoid notch
3966:
3963:
3962:Mastoid cells
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3907:Squamous part
3904:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:Frontal sinus
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3844:Frontal crest
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3822:Foramen cecum
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3772:Squamous part
3769:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3748:Sagittal keel
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3733:Temporal line
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3613:Lateral parts
3610:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Occipital bun
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3520:Squamous part
3517:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3376:petrosquamous
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3338:sphenoid bone
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2584:(3): 415â33.
2583:
2579:
2578:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2434:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2371:
2367:
2366:Medical Daily
2363:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2311:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2258:(3): 377â81.
2257:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2090:0-8151-1458-3
2086:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2044:0-03-910284-X
2040:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2012:0-03-910284-X
2008:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1957:9783030153632
1953:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1930:9780375763427
1926:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1910:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1846:9780080920856
1842:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:public domain
1771:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1734:Plagiocephaly
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:Crystal skull
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1602:skull in the
1601:
1595:
1590:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:â low-skulled
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1481:â long-headed
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1446:, and larger
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1391:
1388:
1380:
1377:November 2022
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1277:
1276:Mount Calvary
1272:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:lateral parts
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
978:
971:
969:
966:
959:
954:
947:
945:
942:
938:
930:
923:
921:
918:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
825:
820:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
740:
733:
731:
729:
724:
722:
714:
706:
703:
700:
696:
693:
690:
689:Quadratojugal
687:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
674:
672:
668:
663:
662:
655:
648:
643:
641:
639:
635:
631:
623:
621:
619:
618:blood vessels
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
575:
568:
566:
564:
559:
557:
553:
550:or the three
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
518:(14) are the
517:
512:
510:
509:frontal bones
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
478:sutural bones
475:
474:Wormian bones
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:synarthrodial
455:
449:
441:
439:
436:
433:
431:
427:
423:
422:cranial bones
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:embryological
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
367:
359:
353:
348:
340:
334:Skull in situ
332:
326:
322:
314:
309:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
269:
259:
254:
249:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
201:cephalisation
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
138:
132:
128:
125:
122:
120:
116:
113:
110:
108:
104:
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
82:
77:
73:
68:
63:
58:
55:
51:
44:
37:
33:
19:
5984:
5952:
5925:
5677:
5660:
5643:
5603:
5169:Neurocranium
4941:Mental spine
4936:
4898:
4586:Canine fossa
4577:
4487:
4441:
4428:
4401:Crista galli
4323:
4306:
4221:
4200:
4187:
4132:
4081:
4054:
4037:
4011:Facial canal
3998:Petrous part
3945:Mastoid part
3856:Orbital part
3833:
3806:
3789:
3665:Basilar part
3642:
3580:
3563:
3552:Nuchal lines
3527:
3499:Neurocranium
3442:Periodontium
3387:
3300:frontal bone
3187:Skull Module
3151:
3145:
3118:
3112:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3030:
3026:
3019:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2829:
2825:
2809:. Retrieved
2805:
2780:(1): 23â30.
2777:
2773:
2748:
2744:
2695:
2691:
2675:. Retrieved
2666:ScienceDaily
2664:
2643:
2639:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2607:
2598:
2581:
2575:
2547:
2542:
2522:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2418:
2408:
2396:DutchNews.nl
2395:
2386:
2376:24 September
2374:. Retrieved
2365:
2356:
2342:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2290:
2280:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2210:
2204:
2181:. Retrieved
2177:the original
2173:TheFetus.net
2172:
2162:
2143:
2126:the original
2116:(3): 271â3.
2113:
2109:
2099:
2080:
2074:
2060:
2053:
2034:
2002:
1979:(1): 12â15.
1976:
1972:
1966:
1946:
1939:
1919:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1896:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1864:
1855:
1835:
1828:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1781:
1775:
1729:Memento mori
1683:Centrosaurus
1681:
1660:
1563:
1523:
1517:
1512:Chamaecranic
1511:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1457:
1417:
1413:
1398:
1383:
1374:
1363:
1319:
1315:osteologists
1311:shell mounds
1304:Spitalfields
1293:
1281:
1241:
1232:inflammation
1224:immune cells
1209:
1205:hyperostosis
1192:
1182:
1172:
1164:brain damage
1148:
1139:coppersmiths
1128:
1113:
1089:
1041:frontal bone
1038:
998:dermal bones
983:
962:
957:
935:
932:Cuckoo skull
919:
876:amongst the
867:
839:
828:
783:
779:jawless fish
776:
745:
725:
718:
670:
664:
627:
603:
599:nasal cavity
580:
560:
513:
486:
477:
466:ossification
460:(immovable)
451:
437:
434:
409:
405:
402:neurocranium
395:
374:
372:
321:Neurocranium
277:
246:, while the
234:
232:
224:frontal bone
209:
189:neurocranium
176:
172:
164:
148:
146:
54:
6152:Parathyroid
5852:Nasopharynx
5714:Spinal cord
5649:Bone marrow
5418:Collar bone
5116:Prognathism
4844:Hard palate
4287:Optic canal
4269:Small wings
4214:Great wings
3268:Syndesmosis
3260:human skull
3215:(in German)
2940:(1): 4â11.
2811:18 February
2292:Radiopaedia
1902:6 September
1745:Teshik-Tash
1709:Craniometry
1577:prehistoric
1553:Pericranium
1543:Endocranium
1531:Terminology
1524:Hypsicranic
1518:Orthocranic
1454:Craniometry
1364:may not be
1258:people for
1256:transgender
1228:bone marrow
1188:craniectomy
1152:head injury
1053:fontanelles
1002:endocranium
972:Development
898:endocranium
822:Skull of a
760:dermal bone
612:as well as
610:spinal cord
528:nasal bones
400:originâthe
375:human skull
352:pericranium
155:protective
101:Identifiers
6220:Flat bones
6199:Categories
5931:Oropharynx
5671:Lymph node
5604:peripheral
5450:Metatarsus
5445:Metacarpus
5424:Thigh bone
5420:(clavicle)
5266:sphenoidal
5251:Fontanelle
5199:Stephanion
5037:Nasal bone
4870:Sphenoidal
4670:Agger nasi
4055:canaliculi
3817:Brow ridge
2646:(4): 345.
2620:22 October
2321:The Lancet
2183:3 February
1772:References
1647:Goat skull
1633:King cobra
1565:Trepanning
1548:Epicranium
1409:craniology
1326:phrenology
1313:in Japan,
1195:3D-printed
1179:trepanning
1168:concussion
1083:, and one
1014:skull base
994:skull roof
965:amphibians
948:Amphibians
914:homologous
882:skull roof
850:pterygoids
846:skull roof
842:lungfishes
835:premaxilla
789:fontanelle
764:skull roof
683:Mandibular
563:flat bones
556:middle ear
548:hyoid bone
542:, and two
280:flat bones
258:Greek root
226:) for the
179:) and the
6137:Pituitary
5986:accessory
5941:Esophagus
5661:secondary
5573:Diaphragm
5517:Cartilage
5465:Phalanges
5261:posterior
5234:posterior
4860:Pyramidal
4853:Processes
4741:Zygomatic
4654:Processes
4493:Posterior
4475:Labyrinth
4312:Pterygoid
4299:processes
4297:Pterygoid
3704:Opisthion
3569:Occipital
3511:Occipital
3432:Gomphosis
3383:squamosal
3003:1523-4681
2862:227159148
2846:1536-3732
2757:0256-9574
2714:0937-9827
2426:30 August
1750:Totenkopf
1662:Tiktaalik
1659:Skull of
1442:, larger
1290:Osteology
1175:Neolithic
1104:inner ear
894:lacrimals
890:parietals
874:ancestors
870:tetrapods
864:Tetrapods
858:cartilage
824:swordfish
801:inner ear
797:olfactory
667:fenestrae
649:Fenestrae
630:processes
628:The many
624:Processes
424:form the
418:brainstem
410:braincase
310:Structure
304:fenestrae
292:processes
239:Old Norse
220:ungulates
6117:Placenta
6080:Testicle
6075:Prostate
6002:Pancreas
5963:Appendix
5953:lower GI
5926:upper GI
5874:Bronchus
5817:Lymphoid
5500:Vertebra
5455:Ossicles
5440:Mandible
5256:anterior
5224:anterior
5189:Asterion
5177:Calvaria
5094:Lacrimal
4884:Mandible
4784:Palatine
4574:Anterior
4567:Surfaces
4498:Anterior
4422:Surfaces
4317:Scaphoid
4242:Spinosum
4227:Rotundum
4222:foramina
4126:Surfaces
4118:Sphenoid
4084:ossicles
3898:Temporal
3834:internal
3807:foramina
3800:Glabella
3790:external
3720:Parietal
3581:internal
3528:external
3457:Cementum
3332:sagittal
3327:lambdoid
3170:43662032
3137:50485765
3104:24551607
3055:39294670
3047:21234583
3011:26255873
2962:33825332
2954:12734070
2915:16364185
2854:33229988
2732:26914798
2671:Archived
2614:Archived
2552:Archived
2531:Archived
2514:19198644
2465:20461468
2400:Archived
2370:Archived
2303:25 April
2297:Archived
2235:34344899
2227:18349596
2122:14507064
1877:23 April
1871:Archived
1820:Archived
1788:page 128
1695:See also
1500:vertical
1469:glabella
1424:glabella
1366:reliable
1296:Forensic
1096:calvaria
1081:lambdoid
1057:squamous
1022:anterior
1016:and its
1006:sphenoid
886:frontals
813:foramina
809:vertebra
768:lungfish
748:Lampreys
691:fenestra
685:fenestra
636:and the
591:foramina
552:ossicles
501:sphenoid
430:mandible
426:calvaria
284:foramina
197:skeleton
181:mandible
173:craniums
159:for the
6189:Anatomy
6157:Adrenal
6147:Thyroid
6065:Scrotum
6042:Urethra
6037:Bladder
5946:Stomach
5869:Trachea
5805:Myeloid
5644:primary
5510:Sternum
5460:Patella
5435:Humerus
5426:(femur)
5312:dacryon
5271:mastoid
5194:Pterion
4985:Lingula
4865:Orbital
4625:Orbital
4559:Maxilla
4549:of the
4381:Ethmoid
4346:Hamulus
4329:Lateral
4237:Vesalii
4082:(note:
4065:Mastoid
3763:Frontal
3643:jugular
3621:Condyle
3501:of the
3452:Gingiva
3388:Facial:
3291:Sutures
3258:of the
3095:3919368
2906:1351187
2794:1155589
2765:1224277
2723:4976057
2537:(2008).
2505:2627308
2492:ePlasty
2272:1513883
1810:"skull"
1618:Vulture
1560:History
1444:sinuses
1436:palates
1201:implant
1198:polymer
1119:sutures
1092:neonate
1077:coronal
1069:sutures
1051:called
1010:ethmoid
963:Living
941:diapsid
939:have a
805:condyle
793:rostrum
671:windows
583:sinuses
554:of the
532:maxilla
505:ethmoid
468:, with
454:sutures
406:sutures
381:in the
300:zoology
296:sinuses
273:sutures
268:kranion
262:ÎșÏÎ±ÎœÎŻÎżÎœ
253:cranium
205:sensory
165:cranium
112:D012886
84:Details
6175:Portal
6142:Pineal
6102:Vagina
6097:Uterus
6092:Female
6032:Ureter
6027:Kidney
5973:Rectum
5909:Tongue
5857:Larynx
5776:Breast
5748:Tissue
5666:Spleen
5654:Thymus
5609:Artery
5568:Tendon
5563:Muscle
5527:Joints
5505:Pelvis
5480:Tarsus
5470:Radius
5430:Fibula
5413:Carpus
5383:organs
5296:Gonion
5291:Nasion
5229:middle
5219:Fossae
5214:Lambda
5209:Bregma
5182:Diploë
4813:Plates
4792:Fossae
4578:fossae
4389:Plates
4334:Medial
4307:fossae
4183:Clivus
4038:fossae
4016:Hiatus
3987:Aditus
3699:Basion
3678:Clivus
3574:Nuchal
3564:planes
3168:
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1796:(1918)
1765:Diploë
1755:Yorick
1573:France
1432:orbits
1426:, and
1079:, one
1075:, one
1026:middle
1020:, the
1018:fossae
1008:, and
992:. The
892:, and
880:. The
854:vomers
844:. The
772:holost
752:sharks
614:nerves
538:, two
530:, two
526:, two
522:, two
499:, the
495:, two
491:, two
462:joints
404:, the
315:Humans
288:fossae
243:skulle
185:humans
177:crania
157:cavity
90:System
6210:Skull
6112:Ovary
6107:Vulva
6070:Penis
5992:Liver
5968:Colon
5919:Tooth
5899:Mouth
5864:Lower
5842:Upper
5719:Nerve
5709:Brain
5626:Heart
5485:Tibia
5475:Skull
5204:Inion
5087:Other
5071:Vomer
4997:Angle
4968:Ramus
4715:Other
4641:Nasal
4551:skull
4355:Other
4249:Spine
4232:Ovale
3687:Other
3533:Inion
3503:skull
3425:Mouth
3051:S2CID
2958:S2CID
2858:S2CID
2469:S2CID
2231:S2CID
1786:from
1686:skull
1635:skull
1620:skull
1308:JĆmon
1220:blood
937:Birds
924:Birds
906:vomer
721:jugal
715:Bones
520:vomer
442:Bones
391:brain
298:. In
250:word
248:Latin
235:skull
228:horns
183:. In
161:brain
151:is a
149:skull
135:[
124:54964
78:skull
76:mouse
74:of a
60:Skull
43:Sköll
6060:Male
5978:Anus
5879:Lung
5847:Nose
5795:and
5766:Skin
5614:Vein
5490:Ulna
5408:Bone
5381:and
5305:Both
5076:Wing
5030:Nose
4903:Chin
4892:Body
4545:The
4362:Body
3166:OCLC
3156:ISBN
3133:OCLC
3123:ISBN
3100:PMID
3043:PMID
3007:PMID
2999:ISSN
2950:PMID
2911:PMID
2850:PMID
2842:ISSN
2813:2021
2790:PMID
2761:PMID
2753:ISSN
2728:PMID
2710:ISSN
2679:2012
2622:2014
2586:PMID
2510:PMID
2461:PMID
2428:2018
2378:2013
2305:2018
2268:PMID
2223:PMID
2185:2007
2148:ISBN
2118:PMID
2085:ISBN
2068:â23.
2039:ISBN
2007:ISBN
1952:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1904:2021
1879:2016
1841:ISBN
1497:The
1458:The
1183:burr
1059:and
1028:and
988:and
908:and
902:rays
852:and
770:and
756:jaws
750:and
734:Fish
726:The
719:The
665:The
616:and
507:and
448:Bone
387:face
379:head
373:The
323:and
153:bone
147:The
107:MeSH
34:and
5914:Lip
5736:Eye
5731:Ear
5495:Rib
4907:Jaw
4836:,
3090:PMC
3082:doi
3035:doi
3031:125
2989:doi
2942:doi
2901:PMC
2891:doi
2834:doi
2782:doi
2718:PMC
2700:doi
2696:130
2648:doi
2500:PMC
2453:doi
2330:doi
2326:242
2260:doi
2215:doi
2211:121
1981:doi
1977:300
1250:or
829:In
766:in
476:or
175:or
169:pl.
119:FMA
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