2172:
659:
31:
1242:
2184:
1251:
205:
Originally, the middle of the hoop of each crown contained a bas-relief glorifying
Napoleon; they represented the re-establishment of religious worship in France with the repeal of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the Concordat of 1801, and Napoleon's coronation. The decorations specific to
147:, and a tiara. Only the tiara was delivered. Tiaras traditionally weighed between 2 and 5 pounds (0.91 and 2.27 kg). The Napoleon Tiara, however, weighed 18 pounds (8.2 kg). It was also too small to fit comfortably on a human head. Some of the
241:
and suffered great damage as a result. It was restored in 1834. The size of the tiara was adjusted so that it could be worn. It was used as the coronation tiara for a number of popes, most notably
127:; it displays Gregory XIII's name and coat of arms. The middle of the hoop of each crown contained a bas-relief glorifying Napoleon; they represented the re-establishment of worship (repeal of the
189:
The tiara was a thinly veiled insult to the Pope. However, the Pope thanked the emperor for the tiara by letter on June 23, 1805. He said that he intended to use the tiara for the
744:
156:
1572:
1922:
88:. On a central structure of white velvet there are three crowns of gold, each consisting of a large hoop surmounted with flower-work of wrought leaves, enriched with
2277:
2085:
2021:
697:
1384:
2473:
803:
3205:
1513:
680:
2920:
2045:
1552:
1133:
54:. While lavishly decorated with jewels, it was deliberately too small and heavy to be worn and meant as an insult to the Pope. In the painting of
1973:
2443:
2414:
1968:
1145:
471:
3390:
2746:
2479:
1917:
1577:
2455:
1498:
1475:
886:
513:
3691:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3014:
3009:
1963:
1958:
1866:
404:
377:
180:
3419:
2221:
1936:
1508:
1285:
1005:
128:
104:
on a setting of matched and chosen pearls. In total, the tiara included 3,345 precious stones and 2,990 pearls. It cost 179,800
3473:
3461:
2815:
2769:
2112:
2100:
1254:
1173:
1127:
771:
3685:
2349:
164:
3467:
2938:
2821:
2134:
1582:
776:
667:
573:
539:
194:
2837:
2716:
2354:
2775:
2420:
2396:
2273:
2144:
1351:
1307:
1094:
705:
2950:
3479:
3158:
2685:
1605:
793:
715:
658:
3569:
3564:
2723:
2691:
798:
3805:
2978:
2610:
920:
836:
211:
2984:
2972:
2628:
568:
3833:
3679:
3594:
3584:
675:
319:
3574:
3402:
3291:
3188:
2700:
2681:
2295:
2033:
1994:
1620:
1422:
1229:
1099:
956:
932:
908:
710:
56:
3589:
3579:
2707:
1071:
2966:
2932:
2830:
2496:
2372:
2267:
1999:
1185:
1059:
944:
845:
761:
2990:
2962:
123:
in 1797. The emerald (404.5 carats) was originally part of a tiara worn by Pope
Gregory XIII, which was made by
3642:
3599:
3374:
3357:
3351:
3346:
3081:
2899:
2449:
2343:
2314:
2139:
1931:
1365:
1039:
972:
234:
160:
2809:
3559:
3330:
2787:
2738:
2467:
2431:
2408:
2129:
1737:
1503:
1388:
1104:
238:
101:
3930:
3838:
3609:
3537:
3148:
3138:
2867:
2598:
2283:
2188:
1651:
1625:
892:
851:
824:
734:
599:
506:
77:
51:
3325:
630:
3925:
3142:
3075:
2781:
2622:
2563:
2095:
2016:
1839:
1678:
1673:
1562:
1200:
1066:
1022:
246:
2604:
817:
3745:
2802:
2652:
2592:
2575:
2569:
2437:
2390:
2214:
2055:
1989:
1786:
1769:
1704:
1278:
938:
914:
781:
3915:
3604:
3508:
3502:
3164:
2956:
2793:
2461:
2289:
2176:
1661:
1646:
1600:
1419:
1217:
967:
749:
687:
546:
120:
61:
3673:
3531:
3525:
3195:
3152:
2875:
2856:
2762:
2731:
2668:
2645:
2244:
2090:
2028:
1953:
1759:
1717:
1711:
1224:
1211:
1190:
1155:
1140:
1054:
989:
950:
766:
739:
638:
586:
557:
135:, and Napoleon's coronation. Additional plaques bore the names of Napoleon's military victories.
3103:
2518:
1205:
424:
151:
and decoration for this tiara came from earlier tiaras smashed and stolen by the troops of the
3920:
3737:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3554:
3308:
2910:
2616:
2546:
2384:
2320:
1754:
1699:
1245:
1010:
962:
902:
875:
864:
857:
812:
788:
643:
499:
440:
400:
373:
325:
132:
394:
367:
344:
3869:
3667:
3661:
3455:
2885:
2675:
2378:
2337:
2011:
1894:
1749:
1744:
1567:
1557:
1537:
1457:
1452:
1303:
1178:
1120:
1044:
880:
755:
692:
620:
615:
607:
287:
250:
152:
144:
124:
30:
3800:
3437:
3396:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3235:
3223:
3098:
2893:
2207:
2050:
1948:
1941:
1909:
1547:
1355:
1271:
1195:
1089:
1032:
1027:
984:
926:
728:
720:
648:
625:
223:
207:
3485:
581:
72:
The tiara, which was of traditional papal tiara design, was designed and manufactured by
3764:
3443:
2659:
2525:
2426:
2154:
2107:
2077:
2071:
1856:
1849:
1732:
1615:
1542:
1490:
1462:
1410:
1333:
1163:
1114:
897:
870:
534:
119:, which Pope Pius VI had removed from his tiara to pay war reparations required by the
143:
At his coronation, Napoleon promised to send the Pope an altar, two ornate ceremonial
3909:
3884:
3864:
3449:
3431:
3425:
3283:
3229:
3115:
2753:
2364:
2261:
1360:
1109:
73:
47:
3894:
3859:
3781:
1899:
1809:
1776:
1724:
1523:
1446:
1379:
1346:
1319:
978:
242:
172:
168:
105:
3823:
3109:
2944:
2402:
2119:
2006:
1926:
1861:
1844:
1804:
1610:
1168:
591:
258:
227:
43:
2183:
324:. Translated by Frederic Cobb. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. p. 259.
3854:
3132:
2926:
1889:
1764:
1668:
1656:
1630:
1528:
219:
190:
17:
2038:
1873:
1814:
1683:
329:
249:
in 1870. With the exception of the emerald and eight rubies in the monde,
3879:
3828:
3001:
2530:
2149:
2124:
1829:
1479:
1397:
1328:
1311:
522:
253:
had the tiara's jewels removed and replaced by replicas made of coloured
148:
97:
3889:
3874:
2306:
1834:
1794:
116:
93:
81:
3200:
3183:
1592:
292:
176:
3756:
3215:
3175:
2513:
2230:
1824:
1799:
1469:
1405:
254:
215:
112:
85:
29:
1819:
1401:
1343:
1294:
89:
2203:
1267:
495:
257:. The jewels were sold to raise money for the victims of the
491:
2199:
1263:
64:, the tiara is held behind the Pope by one of his aides.
472:"Papal treasures Exhibit's objects revered through time"
445:
The United States
Catholic Magazine and Monthly Review
286:
de la Garde
Grissell, Hartwell (January–June 1896).
175:. His successor, Pope Pius VII, elected in exile in
3847:
3814:
3791:
3774:
3755:
3736:
3701:
3654:
3618:
3547:
3518:
3495:
3412:
3383:
3367:
3339:
3318:
3301:
3282:
3214:
3174:
3125:
3091:
3068:
3000:
2909:
2884:
2866:
2849:
2638:
2585:
2556:
2539:
2506:
2489:
2363:
2330:
2305:
2254:
2237:
2064:
1982:
1908:
1882:
1785:
1692:
1639:
1591:
1522:
1489:
1439:
1378:
1327:
1318:
1154:
1082:
998:
835:
666:
556:
50:in June 1805 a few months after he presided at the
1573:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province
3692:Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle of Toledo
343:Thurston, Herbert (October 1905 – March 1906).
345:"Two Lost Masterpieces of the Goldsmith's Art"
3352:Imperial Crown of Mexico (2nd Mexican Empire)
3347:Imperial Crown of Mexico (1st Mexican Empire)
2215:
1279:
507:
34:Drawing of the original Napoleon Tiara (1805)
8:
3834:Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka
3806:Silver Crown of Emperor Tewodros (Ethiopia)
372:. University of Chicago Press. p. 30.
206:Napoleon were removed probably by Cardinal
2222:
2208:
2200:
1375:
1324:
1286:
1272:
1264:
514:
500:
492:
245:on 21 June 1846, and last worn during the
214:. They were replaced by inscriptions from
2474:Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
3686:Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings
3206:Imperial Crown of Empress Go-Sakuramachi
2350:Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil
1514:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
2921:Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
2822:Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong
1558:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church
1553:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles
426:A History of the Crown Jewels of Europe
269:
745:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
418:
416:
313:
311:
309:
307:
305:
281:
279:
277:
275:
273:
3259:Gold Crown of Geumnyeongchong Tumulus
2444:Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria
2415:Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales
2355:Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel
470:Loohauis, Jackie (February 3, 2006).
7:
3668:Royal Crown of Spain (Tumular Crown)
2776:Crown of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
2274:Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth
1250:
3422:(destroyed; replica: Stará Ľubovňa)
2951:Reliquary Crown of John the Baptist
2480:Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales
1578:Sovereign of the Vatican City State
3265:Gold Crown of Seobongchong Tumulus
2456:Coronet of George, Prince of Wales
1499:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1476:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
887:French campaign in Egypt and Syria
369:Imperial City: Rome under Napoleon
25:
3839:Great Crown of Victory (Thailand)
3570:Cap of Monomakh of the second set
3565:Crown of Tsar Michael Fyodorovich
2724:Ducal Crown of Brunswick-Lüneburg
2692:Crown of Queen Therese of Bavaria
1186:"China is a sleeping giant" quote
366:Vandiver Nicassio, Susan (2009).
3391:Norwegian Crown Prince's Coronet
2182:
2170:
1249:
1241:
1240:
657:
423:Twining, Edward Francis (1960).
129:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
2985:Salian Funeral Crowns of Spires
2973:Lily Crown of Empress Cunigunde
2816:Crown of Augustus II the Strong
1128:Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker
3680:Crown of Isabella I of Castile
3595:Crown of Empress Anna Ivanovna
3585:Altabas crown of the third set
3358:Funerary crown of Maximilian I
3253:Gold Crown of Hwangnamdaechong
2957:Reliquary Crown of Charlemagne
2939:Imperial Crowns of Charles VII
1583:Servant of the servants of God
429:. B. T. Batsford. p. 380.
399:. Modern Library. p. 50.
237:, the tiara was buried in the
195:Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
163:invaded Rome, established the
1:
3575:Diamond Crown of Tsar Peter I
3420:Crown of Bolesław I the Brave
2682:Crown of the Queen of Bavaria
2421:Coronation Crown of George IV
2397:State Crown of Mary of Modena
3590:Crown of Empress Catherine I
3580:Diamond Crown of Tsar Ivan V
3468:Funeral Crown of Augustus II
3403:Crown of the Queen of Norway
3165:Crown of Constance of Sicily
3159:Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany
3027:Tiara of Pope Pius IX (1846)
2708:Electoral Hat of Brandenburg
1606:Coat of arms of the Holy See
1509:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
186:for his coronation in 1800.
3241:Gold Crown of Geumgwanchong
2979:Reliquary Crown of Henry II
2321:Crown of the Środa Treasure
2108:Pontifical colleges in Rome
921:War of the Fourth Coalition
321:Napoleon and His Coronation
212:Cardinal Secretary of State
179:, had to use an improvised
3947:
3727:Crown of the Heir Apparent
3292:Ducal hat of Liechtenstein
3247:Gold Crown of Cheonmachong
2991:Reliquary Crown of Otto II
2963:Crown of Empress Cunigunde
2838:Royal Crown of Württemberg
2660:Grand Ducal Crown of Baden
2296:Archducal hat of Joseph II
2189:Catholic Church portal
1423:properties of the Holy See
1230:Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)
1095:Column of the Grande Armée
957:War of the Sixth Coalition
933:War of the Fifth Coalition
909:War of the Third Coalition
476:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
57:The Coronation of Napoleon
3294:(missing; replica: Vaduz)
2900:Crown of Queen Kapiʻolani
2497:Diamond Crown of Bulgaria
2379:Crown of Margaret of York
2373:Crown of Princess Blanche
2268:Imperial Crown of Austria
2165:
1301:
1238:
1060:Saint-Domingue expedition
945:French invasion of Russia
846:French Revolutionary Wars
655:
529:
318:Masson, Frédéric (1911).
111:The tiara carried in its
3721:Crown of Queen Christina
3643:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
3637:Crown of Stefan Uroš III
3375:Crown of the Netherlands
3082:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
3051:Tiara of Pope John XXIII
2629:Crown of Empress Eugénie
2450:Crown of Queen Alexandra
2344:Imperial Crown of Brazil
2315:Crown of Saint Wenceslas
2262:Archducal hat of Austria
973:Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube
569:Joséphine de Beauharnais
393:Horne, Alistair (2006).
161:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
52:coronation of Napoleon I
3331:Crown of Ranavalona III
2810:Electoral Hat of Saxony
2468:Imperial Crown of India
2432:Crown of Queen Adelaide
2409:State Crown of George I
2177:Vatican City portal
1105:Palace of Fontainebleau
349:The Burlington Magazine
3560:Crown of Kazan Tzardom
3538:Steel Crown of Romania
3480:Crown of Maria Josepha
2894:Crown of King Kalākaua
2788:Crown of Queen Augusta
2739:Royal Crown of Hanover
2676:Royal Crown of Bavaria
2284:Archducal hat of Tyrol
2022:for Vatican City State
1652:Apostolic constitution
893:Battle of the Pyramids
698:Assassination attempts
600:Carlo Maria Buonaparte
35:
3474:Crown of Augustus III
3189:Emperor Kōmei Variant
3076:Holy Crown of Hungary
3057:Tiara of Pope Paul VI
3041:(Notre Dame, Indiana)
3039:Tiara of Pope Pius IX
2796:(Hohenzollern Castle)
2623:Crown of Napoleon III
2564:Crown of Christian IV
2145:Sexually active popes
2096:Pontifical university
1840:Ring of the Fisherman
1679:Ecclesiastical letter
1674:Apostolic exhortation
1563:Patriarch of the West
1548:Vicar of Jesus Christ
247:First Vatican Council
33:
3824:Raven Crown (Bhutan)
3662:Royal Crown of Spain
3610:Small Imperial Crown
3600:Great Imperial Crown
3462:Crown of Augustus II
3149:Crown of Theodelinda
3139:Royal Crown of Savoy
2770:Crown of Frederick I
2599:Crown of Saint Louis
2593:Crown of Charlemagne
2570:Crown of Christian V
2438:Imperial State Crown
2245:Helmet of Skanderbeg
2140:Popes by nationality
2056:Sistine Chapel Choir
1990:College of Cardinals
1621:Regalia and insignia
1504:St. Peter's Basilica
915:Battle of Austerlitz
772:Weaponry and warfare
235:insurrection of 1831
139:Thinly veiled insult
100:and surrounded with
3509:Diadem of the Stars
3326:Crown of Madagascar
2794:Crown of Wilhelm II
2617:Crown of Napoleon I
2462:Crown of Queen Mary
2290:Ducal hat of Styria
1174:Cultural depictions
968:Battle of Vauchamps
688:Coup of 18 Brumaire
547:First French Empire
396:The Age of Napoleon
288:"Notes and Queries"
226:in the middle, and
121:Treaty of Tolentino
78:Marie-Étienne Nitot
62:Jacques-Louis David
3715:Crown of the Queen
3674:Crown of Sancho IV
3626:Karađorđević Crown
3526:Crown of Elisabeta
3059:(Washington, D.C.)
3015:Papier-mâché Tiara
2933:Crown of Rudolf II
2876:Crown of Faustin I
2782:Crown of Wilhelm I
2717:Brunswick-Lüneburg
2646:German State Crown
2576:Crown of the Queen
2091:Pontifical academy
2086:Orders of chivalry
1212:Retour des cendres
1191:German Romanticism
1141:Rue de la Victoire
1055:Law of 20 May 1802
990:Battle of Waterloo
951:Battle of Borodino
639:Caroline Bonaparte
587:Alexandre Walewski
451:: 454. August 1846
36:
3903:
3902:
3709:Crown of Eric XIV
3555:"Cap of Monomakh"
2611:Crown of Louis XV
2605:Crown of Henry IV
2547:Crown of Zvonimir
2391:St Edward's Crown
2385:Crown of Scotland
2197:
2196:
1964:Prelate of Honour
1531:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1261:
1260:
1156:Legacy and memory
1100:Equestrian statue
1083:Homes and honours
1011:Concordat of 1801
963:Battle of Leipzig
939:Battle of Eckmühl
903:Battle of Marengo
876:Battle of Bassano
858:French Revolution
740:Sale of Louisiana
644:Pauline Bonaparte
294:. Eighth Series.
230:at the bottom).
133:Concordat of 1801
16:(Redirected from
3938:
3870:Heir presumptive
3829:Shripech (Nepal)
3503:Crown of João VI
2338:Crown of Pedro I
2264:(Klosterneuburg)
2224:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2187:
2186:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2012:Apostolic Camera
1969:Prince assistant
1895:Sedia gestatoria
1568:Primate of Italy
1527:
1458:Papal apartments
1453:Apostolic Palace
1420:extraterritorial
1376:
1325:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1265:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1179:Napoleon complex
1121:Maison Bonaparte
1075:
1045:Organic Articles
881:Battle of Rivoli
837:Battles and wars
821:
807:
756:Mesures usuelles
684:
661:
631:Jérôme Bonaparte
621:Lucien Bonaparte
616:Joseph Bonaparte
608:Letizia Ramolino
516:
509:
502:
493:
487:
486:
484:
482:
467:
461:
460:
458:
456:
437:
431:
430:
420:
411:
410:
390:
384:
383:
363:
357:
356:
340:
334:
333:
315:
300:
299:
283:
251:Pope Benedict XV
167:, abolished the
153:French Directory
125:Cristoforo Foppa
80:of the House of
21:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3843:
3810:
3801:Crowns of Egypt
3787:
3770:
3751:
3746:Crown of Tahiti
3732:
3697:
3650:
3632:Nemanjić Crowns
3614:
3543:
3514:
3491:
3438:Hungarian Crown
3408:
3397:Crown of Norway
3379:
3363:
3335:
3314:
3297:
3278:
3236:Crowns of Silla
3224:Crown of Baekje
3210:
3170:
3121:
3104:Empress's Crown
3099:Sasanian crowns
3087:
3064:
2996:
2993:(Halle (Saale))
2912:
2905:
2880:
2862:
2857:Crown of Greece
2845:
2634:
2581:
2552:
2535:
2502:
2485:
2359:
2326:
2301:
2250:
2233:
2228:
2198:
2193:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2161:
2130:Canonised popes
2060:
2051:Cappella Giulia
1978:
1942:Papal majordomo
1904:
1878:
1781:
1688:
1635:
1587:
1526:
1518:
1491:Major basilicas
1485:
1427:
1382:
1374:
1356:Diocese of Rome
1331:
1314:
1297:
1292:
1262:
1257:
1234:
1196:Napoleonic Code
1150:
1146:Warsaw monument
1090:Arc de Triomphe
1078:
1069:
1033:Infamous Decree
1028:Grand Sanhedrin
1006:Catholic Church
994:
985:Battle of Ligny
927:Battle of Eylau
852:Siege of Toulon
831:
815:
801:
729:Napoleonic Wars
678:
676:Stay in Auxonne
668:Life and career
662:
653:
649:Elisa Bonaparte
626:Louis Bonaparte
552:
551:
525:
520:
490:
480:
478:
469:
468:
464:
454:
452:
439:
438:
434:
422:
421:
414:
407:
392:
391:
387:
380:
365:
364:
360:
342:
341:
337:
317:
316:
303:
298:. London: 9–10.
285:
284:
271:
267:
259:First World War
239:Vatican Gardens
224:Revelation 11:4
208:Ercole Consalvi
203:
159:, when General
141:
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3944:
3942:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3908:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3765:Crown of Tonga
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3629:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3532:Crown of Maria
3529:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3506:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3444:Homagial Crown
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3309:Gediminas' Cap
3305:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3146:
3136:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3047:(Vatican City)
3045:Palatine Tiara
3042:
3036:
3035:(Vatican City)
3030:
3029:(Vatican City)
3024:
3023:(Vatican City)
3021:Napoleon Tiara
3018:
3017:(Vatican City)
3006:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2917:
2915:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2890:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2679:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2649:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2427:Diamond Diadem
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2323:(Środa Śląska)
2318:
2311:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2155:Western Schism
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2113:Major Seminary
2105:
2104:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2072:Papal nobility
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1883:Transportation
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1857:Sub-cinctorium
1854:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1616:Keys of Heaven
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:Bishop of Rome
1540:
1534:
1532:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1463:Sistine Chapel
1460:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:Lateran Treaty
1394:
1392:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1339:
1337:
1334:Full communion
1322:
1316:
1315:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1166:
1164:Bank of France
1160:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1124:
1117:
1115:Longwood House
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:
993:
992:
987:
982:
975:
970:
965:
960:
953:
948:
941:
936:
929:
924:
917:
912:
905:
900:
898:Siege of Jaffa
895:
890:
883:
878:
873:
871:Battle of Lodi
868:
865:13 Vendémiaire
861:
854:
849:
841:
839:
833:
832:
830:
829:
828:
827:
810:
809:
808:
794:2nd abdication
791:
789:Route Napoléon
786:
785:
784:
777:1st abdication
774:
769:
764:
762:Looting of art
759:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
725:
724:
723:
718:
713:
708:
702:Constitutions
700:
695:
690:
685:
672:
670:
664:
663:
656:
654:
652:
651:
646:
641:
633:
628:
623:
618:
610:
602:
594:
589:
584:
576:
571:
562:
560:
554:
553:
550:
549:
544:
543:
542:
535:Napoleonic era
531:
530:
527:
526:
521:
519:
518:
511:
504:
496:
489:
488:
462:
441:"Intelligence"
432:
412:
405:
385:
378:
358:
335:
301:
268:
266:
263:
202:
199:
165:Roman Republic
140:
137:
69:
66:
40:Napoleon Tiara
26:
24:
18:Napoleon tiara
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3943:
3932:
3931:Pope Pius VII
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:Heir apparent
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Maltese Crown
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3456:Queen's Crown
3454:
3451:
3450:Funeral Crown
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3432:Muscovy Crown
3430:
3427:
3426:Swedish Crown
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3284:Liechtenstein
3281:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3230:Crown of Gaya
3228:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3116:Pahlavi Crown
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:Spanish Tiara
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2754:Wendish Crown
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2365:British Isles
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Congregations
2032:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
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1647:Infallibility
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1640:Proclamations
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1601:Coats of arms
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1110:Les Invalides
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1023:Jewish people
1021:
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406:9780812975550
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201:Modifications
200:
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171:, and exiled
170:
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74:Henri Auguste
67:
65:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:Pope Pius VII
45:
41:
32:
19:
3926:Papal tiaras
3895:Royal family
3860:Crown jewels
3815:
3792:
3782:Crown of Rus
3767:(Nukuʻalofa)
3486:Płock Diadem
3271:Silver Crown
3020:
3010:Papal tiaras
2829:
2801:
2761:
2745:
2730:
2715:
2699:
2667:
2651:
2578:(Copenhagen)
2572:(Copenhagen)
2566:(Copenhagen)
2526:Tongtianguan
2346:(Petrópolis)
2340:(Petrópolis)
2286:(Mariastein)
1900:Shepherd One
1760:Inauguration
1725:Urbi et Orbi
1723:
1538:His Holiness
1447:Vatican City
1440:Headquarters
1380:Vatican City
1342:
1320:Jurisdiction
1248: /
1210:
1126:
1119:
1015:
979:Hundred Days
977:
955:
943:
931:
919:
907:
885:
863:
856:
844:
754:
727:
635:
612:
604:
596:
582:Charles Léon
578:
574:Marie Louise
565:
479:. Retrieved
475:
465:
453:. Retrieved
448:
444:
435:
425:
395:
388:
368:
361:
352:
348:
338:
320:
295:
291:
243:Pope Pius IX
232:
222:at the top,
204:
188:
182:papier-mâché
181:
173:Pope Pius VI
169:Papal States
142:
110:
71:
55:
39:
37:
3729:(Stockholm)
3723:(Stockholm)
3717:(Stockholm)
3711:(Stockholm)
3540:(Bucharest)
3534:(Bucharest)
3528:(Bucharest)
3458:(destroyed)
3446:(destroyed)
3440:(destroyed)
3434:(destroyed)
3428:(destroyed)
3405:(Trondheim)
3399:(Trondheim)
3393:(Trondheim)
3368:Netherlands
3354:(destroyed)
3110:Kiani Crown
2945:Essen Crown
2840:(Stuttgart)
2831:Württemberg
2747:Mecklenburg
2701:Brandenburg
2662:(Karlsruhe)
2625:(destroyed)
2607:(destroyed)
2601:(destroyed)
2595:(destroyed)
2405:(destroyed)
2403:Tudor Crown
2387:(Edinburgh)
2280:) (missing)
2120:Swiss Guard
2039:Dicasteries
2017:Commissions
2007:Roman Curia
1927:Swiss Guard
1700:Arbitration
1529:Papal names
1418:along with
1169:Bonapartism
1070: [
1040:Protestants
816: [
802: [
679: [
592:Napoleon II
233:During the
228:Psalm 85:10
44:papal tiara
3916:1805 works
3910:Categories
3855:Coronation
3748:(Punaauia)
3664:(heraldic)
3628:(Belgrade)
3319:Madagascar
3273:(Gyeongju)
3267:(Gyeongju)
3249:(Gyeongju)
3243:(Gyeongju)
3133:Iron Crown
3078:(Budapest)
2969:) (Munich)
2927:Iron Crown
2911:Holy Roman
2902:(Honolulu)
2896:(Honolulu)
2756:(heraldic)
2688:) (Munich)
2648:(heraldic)
2519:Yishanguan
1974:Theologian
1918:Camerlengo
1890:Popemobile
1750:Consistory
1745:Coronation
1718:Pontifical
1705:Deposition
1693:Activities
1669:Encyclical
1631:Umbraculum
1304:Episcopate
1201:Propaganda
735:Coronation
265:References
220:Acts 20:28
191:Papal Mass
115:the great
102:brilliants
3784:(missing)
3688:(Seville)
3682:(Granada)
3639:(Cetinje)
3470:(Dresden)
3464:(Dresden)
3452:(missing)
3311:(missing)
3302:Lithuania
3167:(Palermo)
3161:(missing)
3155:) (Monza)
3145:) (Turin)
3053:(Bergamo)
2824:(Dresden)
2818:(Dresden)
2812:(Dresden)
2790:(missing)
2784:(missing)
2549:(missing)
2499:(missing)
1995:cardinals
1949:Gentlemen
1937:Palatinus
1923:Commander
1910:Household
1874:Zucchetto
1815:Flabellum
1787:Vestments
1770:High Mass
1755:Diplomacy
1684:Interdict
799:2nd exile
782:1st exile
693:Consulate
613:Brothers:
579:Children:
481:March 21,
455:31 August
216:Scripture
98:sapphires
46:given to
3921:Napoleon
3880:Monarchy
3848:See also
3694:(Toledo)
3676:(Toledo)
3670:(Madrid)
3645:(Vienna)
3511:(Lisbon)
3505:(Lisbon)
3496:Portugal
3482:(Warsaw)
3476:(Warsaw)
3360:(Vienna)
3232:(Yongin)
3226:(Gongju)
3118:(Tehran)
3112:(Tehran)
3106:(Tehran)
3084:(Vienna)
3002:Holy See
2987:(Speyer)
2981:(Munich)
2975:(Munich)
2959:(Aachen)
2953:(Aachen)
2941:(Munich)
2935:(Vienna)
2923:(Vienna)
2859:(Athens)
2778:(Berlin)
2772:(Berlin)
2710:(Berlin)
2694:(Munich)
2678:(Munich)
2531:Mianguan
2490:Bulgaria
2482:(London)
2476:(London)
2470:(London)
2464:(London)
2458:(London)
2452:(London)
2446:(London)
2440:(London)
2434:(London)
2423:(London)
2417:(London)
2411:(London)
2399:(London)
2393:(London)
2381:(Aachen)
2375:(Munich)
2317:(Prague)
2298:(Vienna)
2270:(Vienna)
2247:(Vienna)
2150:Antipope
2125:Papabile
2029:Councils
1954:Preacher
1932:Chaplain
1850:Slippers
1830:Mozzetta
1733:Conclave
1712:Blessing
1480:cathedra
1398:Enclaved
1329:Holy See
1246:Category
1051:Slavery
636:Sisters:
540:timeline
523:Napoleon
94:emeralds
27:Headwear
3890:Regalia
3775:Ukraine
3519:Romania
3488:(Płock)
3261:(Seoul)
3255:(Seoul)
3196:Kanmuri
3135:(Monza)
3069:Hungary
2947:(Essen)
2929:(Monza)
2763:Prussia
2732:Hanover
2669:Bavaria
2639:Germany
2631:(Paris)
2619:(Paris)
2613:(Paris)
2557:Denmark
2540:Croatia
2307:Bohemia
2255:Austria
2238:Albania
2135:Legends
2101:in Rome
2065:Related
1959:Prefect
1925:of the
1835:Pallium
1795:Camauro
1593:Symbols
1389:outline
1366:History
1361:Primacy
1354:of the
1347:Francis
1306:of the
1255:Commons
1225:Studies
767:Tactics
750:Holland
605:Mother:
597:Father:
330:1875166
193:on the
145:coaches
131:), the
117:emerald
82:Chaumet
3793:Africa
3738:Tahiti
3702:Sweden
3619:Serbia
3548:Russia
3413:Poland
3384:Norway
3340:Mexico
3201:Raikan
3184:Benkan
2913:Empire
2886:Hawaii
2850:Greece
2803:Saxony
2586:France
2331:Brazil
2292:(Graz)
2231:Crowns
2046:Synods
1820:Mantle
1810:Ferula
1777:Travel
1524:Titles
1413:, 1929
1352:bishop
1308:bishop
1295:Papacy
566:Wives:
558:Family
403:
376:
328:
210:, the
177:Venice
149:jewels
106:francs
96:, and
90:rubies
68:Design
42:was a
3885:Queen
3757:Tonga
3655:Spain
3216:Korea
3176:Japan
3126:Italy
2868:Haiti
2653:Baden
2514:Futou
2507:China
2078:Black
1983:Staff
1862:Tiara
1845:Shoes
1825:Mitre
1805:Fanon
1800:Falda
1611:Cross
1470:Italy
1406:Italy
1385:index
1218:Penis
1134:Milan
1074:]
1067:Women
1016:Tiara
999:Views
820:]
813:Death
806:]
683:]
355:: 43.
255:glass
184:tiara
113:monde
86:Paris
3875:King
3816:Asia
3092:Iran
2000:list
1867:List
1765:Mass
1738:List
1662:List
1657:Bull
1626:Rota
1402:Rome
1344:Pope
1312:Rome
1206:Tomb
825:mask
721:1815
716:1804
711:1802
706:1799
483:2016
457:2017
401:ISBN
374:ISBN
326:OCLC
157:1798
76:and
38:The
1400:in
1350:as
1310:of
155:in
84:in
60:by
3912::
3153:it
3143:it
2967:de
2834::
2806::
2766::
2750::
2735::
2720::
2704::
2686:de
2672::
2656::
2278:de
1404:,
1387:,
1072:fr
818:fr
804:fr
681:fr
474:.
447:.
443:.
415:^
351:.
347:.
304:^
290:.
272:^
261:.
197:.
108:.
92:,
3151:(
3141:(
2965:(
2684:(
2276:(
2223:e
2216:t
2209:v
2080:"
2076:"
1720:"
1716:"
1482:)
1478:(
1472::
1449::
1391:)
1383:(
1336:)
1332:(
1287:e
1280:t
1273:v
515:e
508:t
501:v
485:.
459:.
449:5
409:.
382:.
353:8
332:.
296:9
218:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
