695:, the competition to control the disputed land in Chumbi valley had played a key role in escalating tensions in these events. Fravel has argued that these incidents demonstrate the effects of China's "regime insecurity" on the use of force. He states that three factors in these clashes emphasized the role of "declining claim strength in China's decision to initiate the use of force" against India. The first was the Indian Army's expansion in size after the 1962 war, leading to the strengthening of its borders with China. The second was the apparent Indian aggression in asserting its claims near the border. The third was the Chinese perceptions of Indian actions, for which Fravel says that the most unstable period of
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against the
Indians. A little later, Indian troops opened artillery from their side. The clashes lasted through the day and night, for the next three days, with use of artillery, mortars and machine guns, during which the Indian troops "beat back" the Chinese forces. Five days after the clashes had started, an "uneasy" ceasefire was arranged. Due to the advantageous position Indian troops had because of their occupation of high grounds at the pass in Sebu La and Camel's back, they were able to destroy many Chinese bunkers at Nathu La.
530:
42:
2517:
545:, tensions continued to run high along the Himalayan border shared by India and China. Influenced by its previous defeat, the Indian Army raised a number of new units, nearly doubling their deployed forces along the disputed region. As a part of this military expansion, seven mountain divisions were raised to defend India's northern borders against any Chinese attack. Most of these divisions were not based near the border, save for the
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632:, with a section of Infantry, came to the centre of the pass where the Indian Lt. Col. Rai Singh Yadav was standing with his commando platoon. Rong asked Yadav to stop laying the wire. Indian soldiers refused to halt, saying they were given orders. An argument started which soon turned into a scuffle. After that, the Chinese went back to their bunkers and the Indians resumed laying the wire.
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Scholar John Garver states that, due to the Nathu La incident, Indian concerns were roused about China's intentions regarding Sikkim. Garver also remarks that India was "quite pleased with the combat performance of its forces in the Nathu La clashes, seeing it as signalling dramatic improvement since
699:
in China, which coincided with these incidents, was a possible contributing factor. Fravel remarks that the
Chinese leaders possibly magnified the potential threat from India due to the border tensions and the perceived pressure from India to strengthen its claims across the border, and decided that
516:
is seen as a major cause for heightening the tensions in these incidents. Observers have commented that these clashes indicated the decline of 'claim strength' in China's decision to initiate the use of force against India, and stated that India was greatly pleased with the combat performance of its
635:
Within a few minutes of this, a whistle was blown from the
Chinese side followed by medium machine gun firing against Indian troops from north shoulder. Due to the lack of cover in the pass, the Indian troops initially suffered heavy casualties. Shortly thereafter, the Chinese also opened artillery
511:
According to independent sources, India achieved "decisive tactical advantage" and managed to hold its own against and push back
Chinese forces. Many PLA fortifications at Nathu La were destroyed, where the Indian troops drove back the attacking Chinese forces. The competition to control the
662:
China, however, asserted that the provocation had come from the Indian side. According to the
Chinese version, Indian troops had infiltrated into the Chinese territory across the pass, made provocations against the troops stationed there, and opened fire on them.
601:
Accordingly, from 18 August, wires were stretched along the border, which was resented by the
Chinese troops. After two days, armed with weaponry, Chinese troops took positions against the Indian soldiers who were engaged in laying the wire but made no firing.
589:
Starting from 13 August 1967, Chinese troops started digging trenches in Nathu La on the
Sikkimese side. Indian troops observed that some of the trenches were "clearly" to the Sikkemese side of the border, and pointed it out to the local Chinese commander
1083:
Indeed, Beijing's acknowledgement of Indian control over Sikkim seems limited to the purpose of facilitating trade through the vertiginous Nathu-la Pass, the scene of bloody artillery duels in
September 1967 when Indian troops beat back attacking Chinese
2291:
605:
Again on 7 September, when the Indian troops started stretching another barbed wire along the southern side of Nathu La, the local
Chinese commanders along with the troops rushed to the spot and issued a "serious warning" to an Indian Lt. Col.
658:
Scholar van
Eekelen states that the duel was initiated by the Chinese troops after a scuffle between the two, when the Chinese troops infiltrated into the Sikkim-side of the border, claimed the pass and questioned the Indian occupation of it.
666:
The military duel lasted one day, during which the Chinese were driven away, and it boosted Indian morale. According to Indian Maj. Gen. Sheru Thapliyal, the Chinese were forced to withdraw nearly three kilometers in Cho La during the clash.
565:. The border here is said to have remained "un-demarcated". The Chinese held the northern shoulder of the pass, while the Indian Army held the southern shoulder. Additionally, major parts of the pass, south and north of Nathu La, namely
642:
The Indian and Western perspectives attributed the initiation of these clashes to the Chinese side. The Chinese, however, blamed the Indian troops for provoking the clashes, alleging that the firing had started from the Indian side.
682:
According to Chinese claims, the number of soldiers killed was 32 on the Chinese side and 65 on the Indian side in Nathu La incident; and 36 Indian soldiers and an 'unknown' number of Chinese were killed in the Cho La incident.
2167:
2172:
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1121:
trained and equipped for high-altitude combat used US provided artillery, deployed on higher ground than that of their adversaries, to decisive tactical advantage at Nathu La and Cho La near the Sikkim-Tibet
3949:
613:
In order to settle the situation, the Indian military hierarchy decided to lay another wire in the centre of the pass from Nathu La to Sebu La to indicate their perceived border, on 11 September 1967.
1982:
594:, who was asked to withdraw from there. Yet, in one instance, the Chinese filled the trenches again and left after adding 8 more loudspeakers to the existing 21. Indian troops decided to stretch a
3975:
2162:
1956:
625:(soldiers) of Indian Army started laying the stretch of fencing from Nathu La to Sebu La along the perceived border. According to an Indian account, immediately a Chinese Political
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to stop the work, after which a scuffle took place in which some soldiers from both sides were injured. Chinese troops were agitated by the injuries to their two soldiers.
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became an Indian state in 1975, after a referendum which resulted in overwhelming support for the removal of monarchy and a full merger with India. The
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was not recognised by China during the time. In 2003, China indirectly recognised Sikkim as an Indian state, on agreement that India accept that the
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1997:
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were held by the Indians. From 1963, small-scale clashes in the region were frequently reported in the press. On 16 September 1965, during the
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border, the deployed Chinese and Indian forces are stationed about 20ā30 meters apart, which is the closest of anywhere on the 4000 km
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3285:
3003:
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1975:
cited by Willem van Eekelen in his book, Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China: A New Look at Asian Relationships (p 238)
1203:
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1804:
3220:
3055:
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reported: 88 killed and 163 wounded on the Indian side, while 340 killed and 450 wounded on the Chinese side, during the two incidents.
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1990:
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2802:
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2072:
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Changing contours of IndiaāChina relationship, 1963ā1991: A study in bilateral, regional and international perspectives
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3784:
3739:
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2953:
2878:
2863:
2858:
2715:
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2548:
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676:
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2355:
577:, China issued an ultimatum to India to vacate the Nathu La pass. However, GOC 17 mountain division's Major General,
497:
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3990:
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3045:
3028:
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2184:
2089:
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1970:
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2020:
971:
The Nathu La clashes between the Indian Army and Chinese Army are depicted in the 2018 Indian Hindi-language film
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330:
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as a part of China, though India had already done so back in 1953. This mutual agreement led to a thaw in
562:
1194:
Sheru Thapliyal (Retired Major General of the Indian Army, who commanded the Nathu La Brigade.) (2009) .
1012:
3656:
3525:
3515:
3510:
3238:
2835:
2830:
2812:
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2227:
2147:
1000:
549:, where both Indian and Chinese troops were stationed on both sides at close range. Particularly at the
529:
3915:
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3558:
3306:
3033:
2759:
2754:
581:, refused to do so, arguing that Nathu La was on the watershed which comprised the natural boundary.
211:
517:
forces in the Nathu La clashes, seeing it as a sign of striking improvement since its defeat in the
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815:
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233:
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177:
1814:
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1978:
1765:
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1679:
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114:
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83:
1652:
1138:
17:
3650:
3535:
3230:
3123:
3113:
2850:
2522:
1890:
1282:
1143:
The Global Rise of Asian Transformation: Trends and Developments in Economic Growth Dynamics
1058:
41:
3831:
3128:
3095:
3060:
2324:
2105:
1734:
Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China: A New Look at Asian Relationships
1501:
Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China: A New Look at Asian Relationships
1438:
Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China: A New Look at Asian Relationships
1017:
988:
943:
845:
787:
607:
542:
534:
518:
504:, and lasted till 15 September 1967. In October 1967, another military duel took place at
261:
208:
707:. He also noted that after the attack was launched at Nathu La by the Chinese, the then
3837:
3624:
2382:
1850:
1325:
Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China's Territorial Disputes
918:
893:
792:
652:
267:
1904:
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3873:
3796:
2702:
2207:
2202:
1918:
1068:
976:
972:
692:
546:
513:
190:
1785:
703:
Fravel has stated that the initial Chinese attack was perhaps not authorized by the
3175:
2473:
2397:
1836:
984:
591:
490:
1949:
Notes, memoranda and letters exchanged between the Governments of India and China
1707:
Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World
1228:
2292:
Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on IndiaāChina Border Affairs
1732:
1247:
1062:
3811:
2822:
2774:
2509:
2496:
2197:
1761:
Between Two Fires: Towards an Understanding of Jawaharlal Nehru's Foreign Policy
980:
595:
578:
364:
247:
3805:
3118:
3088:
2192:
1973:; Veekay (Indian Army Corps), using the diary of Second Lieutenant N.C Gupta;
753:
712:
304:
281:
756:
said in 2005 that "Sikkim is no longer the problem between China and India."
1809:
1222:
Battle Records of the 11th Division of the People's Liberation Army, Part II
626:
343:
323:
244:
2441:
1246:
People, India Parliament House of the; Sabha, India Parliament Lok (1967).
2404:
948:
923:
898:
850:
797:
629:
621:
Accordingly, in the morning of 11 September 1967, the engineers and
550:
501:
230:
71:
1932:
3877:
2372:
2222:
1286:
651:
On 1 October 1967, another clash between India and China took place at
639:
The corpses of fallen soldiers were exchanged on 15 and 16 September.
3684:
2377:
2287:
Special Representative mechanism on the India-China boundary question
2212:
952:
927:
902:
854:
829:
801:
734:
1276:
727:
The Sino-Indian border remained peaceful after these incidents till
1351:"A history of Sino-Indian feuds: Times when China had to back down"
3823:
3616:
2312:
2272:
Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles, 2005
2217:
2025:
2015:
1157:
Cho La incident (1967) - Victorious: India / Defeated : China
956:
931:
906:
858:
833:
805:
558:
528:
482:
478:
258:
153:
140:
79:
715:, instructed Chinese forces to return fire only when fired upon.
3776:
2317:
1563:
Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century
598:
along the ridges of Nathu La in order to indicate the boundary.
496:
The Nathu La clashes started on 11 September 1967, when China's
3585:
2445:
1986:
1921:. Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website.
1907:. Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website.
1893:. Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website.
1853:. Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website.
1839:. Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website.
1196:"The Nathu La skirmish: when Chinese were given a bloody nose"
3950:
Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China
1620:
Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia
1465:
Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers
1139:"Asia's Evolving Economic Dynamism and Political Pressures"
1617:
Elleman, Bruce; Kotkin, Stephen; Schofield, Clive (2015).
1230:
Extract on a personal web page at ishare.iask.sina.com.cn
2282:
India-China Joint Working Group on the boundary question
1593:
China's Shadow Over Sikkim: The Politics of Intimidation
1533:
China's Shadow Over Sikkim: The Politics of Intimidation
1411:
China's Shadow Over Sikkim: The Politics of Intimidation
3945:
Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
3276:(Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)
2121:
Defence of India act and Defence of India rules, 1962
1064:
Asian Juggernaut: The Rise of China, India, and Japan
1957:
Watershed 1967: Indiaās Forgotten Victory over China
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
655:, a border pass a few kilometers north of Nathu La.
46:
World map from 1967 with China and India highlighted
3937:
3871:
3821:
3794:
3774:
3767:
3678:
3623:
3483:
3467:
3432:
3401:
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3354:
3294:
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3002:
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2901:
2849:
2821:
2773:
2701:
2694:
2624:
2617:
2531:
2343:
2305:
2183:
2098:
2065:
2034:
106:
Chinese initiative retreat from Nathu La and Cho La
1141:, in P. Hoontrakul; C. Balding; R. Marwah (eds.),
1102:Greater Game: India's Race with Destiny and China
410:75th Artillery Battalion 308th Artillery Brigade
2262:Report of the Officials on the Boundary Question
1328:. Princeton University Press. pp. 197ā199.
1241:
1239:
3208:Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War
1805:"China backs India's bid for U.N. Council seat"
1585:
1583:
1566:. University of Washington Press. p. 171.
1525:
1523:
1521:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1377:"The old scars remain: Sino-Indian war of 1967"
34:
2644:Department of Defence Research and Development
2594:Director General Armed Forces Medical Services
1891:"Captain Prithi Singh Dagar ā Maha Vir Chakra"
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1281:, Jawaharlal Nehru University/Shodhganga, 55,
27:Border clashes between China and India in 1967
3976:Wars involving the People's Republic of China
3597:
3362:Defence Research and Development Organisation
2457:
2116:1962 Indian parliamentary resolution on China
1998:
1681:A Handbook of China's International Relations
8:
2267:Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993
1263:
1261:
1259:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1132:
1130:
1105:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 301.
500:(PLA) launched an attack on Indian posts at
3669:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1654:Handbook of India's International Relations
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
3771:
3604:
3590:
3582:
3382:
3221:Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait
3008:
2698:
2621:
2464:
2450:
2442:
2277:Border Defence Cooperation Agreement, 2013
2005:
1991:
1983:
872:
768:
477:, were a series of border clashes between
31:
1905:"Havaldar Lakhmi Chand ā Maha Vir Chakra"
1555:
1553:
1504:. The Netherlands: BRILL. pp. 239ā.
1317:
1315:
2765:Armed Forces Special Operations Division
1851:"Lt Col Mahatam Singh ā Maha Vir Chakra"
1737:. The Netherlands: BRILL. pp. 36ā.
1596:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 193, 194.
1468:. SAGE Publications. pp. 308, 309.
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1094:
1092:
2083:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
1951:; Ministry of External Affairs (India).
1536:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 186ā191.
1414:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 184ā186.
1043:
533:Cho La and Nathu La passes marked on a
1252:. Lok Sabha Secretariat. pp. 51ā.
485:alongside the border of the Himalayan
459:32 killed (Nathu La), unknown (Cho La)
1270:"The period of stalemate (1963ā1975)"
1145:, Palgrave Macmillan US, p. 37,
378:People's Liberation Army Ground Force
7:
3393:List of equipment of the Indian Army
1954:Probal DasGupta (17 February 2020).
1837:"Lt Col Rai Singh ā Maha Vir Chakra"
2649:Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare
1764:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 243ā.
705:Central Military Commission (China)
2568:Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee
1786:"India and China agree over Tibet"
553:pass in the valley, alongside the
389:Part of the 112th Infantry Brigade
25:
3475:Indian Maritime Security Strategy
2335:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
999:as Capt. Prithvi Singh Dagar and
3986:History of the Republic of India
3549:
3548:
3506:Women in the Indian Armed Forces
3129:Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes
2740:Northern Theatre Command (India)
2515:
2502:
2489:
2472:
2427:
2426:
2245:Differing perceptions of the LAC
2024:
2014:
1033:2020ā2021 ChinaāIndia skirmishes
1028:2017 ChinaāIndia border standoff
370:
357:
337:
317:
298:
275:
252:
238:
224:
202:
184:
166:
146:
133:
40:
3226:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
2745:Western Theatre Command (India)
1971:Nathu La; 1967 - The Real Story
1375:Mitter, Rana (September 2020).
890:Captain Prithvi Singh Dagar (P)
58:11ā14 September 1967 (Nathu La)
4011:ChinaāIndia military relations
3521:Indian Armed Forces rank flags
2639:Department of Military Affairs
2432:Category:ChinaāIndia relations
2297:Border Personnel Meeting Point
2111:Origins of the Sino-Indian War
1803:Baruah, Amit (12 April 2005).
1:
3645:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
3335:Counter-insurgency operations
2666:Standing Committee on Defence
2661:Cabinet Committee on Security
2131:Internment of Chinese-Indians
2057:Ambassadors of India to China
2047:Ambassadors of China to India
1867:. HonourPoint. Archived from
1710:. Pearson. 2007. p. 87.
1349:Prashar, Sakshi (June 2020).
18:Nathu La and Cho La incidents
2073:Greater East Asia Conference
1731:van Eekelen, Willem (2015).
1623:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 317.
1498:van Eekelen, Willem (2015).
1435:van Eekelen, Willem (2015).
1137:Hoontrakul, Ponesak (2014),
700:a severe attack was needed.
3922:Johnson South Reef Skirmish
3785:Sino-Soviet border conflict
3740:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
3377:Weapons of mass destruction
3191:Nathu La and Cho La clashes
3181:Sino-Indian border skirmish
2716:Andaman and Nicobar Command
2711:Integrated Theatre Commands
2686:Defence Intelligence Agency
2589:Vice Chief of Defence Staff
2138:Nathu La and Cho La clashes
2042:Embassy of China, New Delhi
1865:"Major Harbhajan Singh MVC"
1441:. BRILL. pp. 235ā236.
1023:1987 Sumdorong Chu standoff
1013:1841ā1842 DograāTibetan War
739:Indian annexation of Sikkim
729:2020 ChinaāIndia skirmishes
508:and ended on the same day.
469:, sometimes referred to as
467:Nathu La and Cho La clashes
4027:
3758:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
3617:People's Republic of China
3247:Indo-Myanmar border strike
2671:Defence Planning Committee
2185:Sino-Indian border dispute
2090:2007 Delhi security summit
2078:Sino-Indian Agreement 1954
1684:. Routledge. p. 433.
1322:Fravel, M. Taylor (2008).
1099:Van Praagh, David (2003).
915:Havaldar Lakhsmi Chand (P)
677:Defence Ministry of India
575:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
3898:Sino-Vietnamese conflicts
3544:
2982:Border Roads Organisation
2934:Border Roads Organisation
2874:South Western Air Command
2676:Nuclear Command Authority
2656:National Security Council
2559:National Security Advisor
2484:
2423:
2351:Hong KongāIndia relations
2052:Embassy of India, Beijing
1657:. Routledge. p. 80.
995:as Maj. Harbhajan Singh,
842:Major Harbhajan Singh (P)
420:
383:
350:
329:(Deputy commander of the
159:
126:
50:
39:
3850:Daulat Beg Oldi incident
3501:President's Colour Award
3491:President's fleet review
2750:Maritime Theatre Command
2728:Strategic Forces Command
2681:Integrated Defence Staff
2579:Chief of the Naval Staff
1560:Garver, John W. (2011).
498:People's Liberation Army
442:(65 Nathu La, 36 Cho La)
78:, on the border between
2574:Chief of the Army Staff
2415:TamilāChinese relations
2410:CholaāChinese relations
2233:Sino-Pakistan Agreement
2168:Chinese Order of battle
1919:"Sepoy Gokal Singh MVC"
1678:Breslin, Shaun (2012).
1268:Mishra, Keshav (2001),
1224:], pp. 337ā338
1003:as Hav. Lakshmi Chand.
743:Tibet Autonomous Region
512:disputed borderland in
475:Sino-Indian War of 1967
393:31st Infantry Regiment
331:Tibet Military District
218:Chief of the Army Staff
62:1 October 1967 (Cho La)
3862:Sino-Indian skirmishes
3367:Ordnance Factory Board
3286:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
2994:Awards and Decorations
2841:Southern Naval Command
2584:Chief of the Air Staff
2564:Chief of Defence Staff
2356:IndiaāTaiwan relations
2330:BCIM Economic Corridor
2240:Line of Actual Control
2173:Indian Order of battle
1590:Bajpai, G. S. (1999).
1530:Bajpai, G. S. (1999).
1408:Bajpai, G. S. (1999).
538:
471:Indo-China War of 1967
414:3rd Artillery Regiment
160:Commanders and leaders
35:Second Sino-Indian war
3639:Kuomintang insurgency
3531:National War Memorial
3526:Indian military bands
3516:Armed Forces Tribunal
3511:Armed Forces Flag Day
2836:Eastern Naval Command
2831:Western Naval Command
2813:Army Training Command
2803:South Western Command
2366:Five Fingers of Tibet
2361:IndiaāTibet relations
2228:Trans-Karakoram Tract
2148:2013 Depsang standoff
2021:ChinaāIndia relations
1758:Singh, Iqbal (1998).
1651:Scott, David (2011).
1462:Singh, V. K. (2005).
1206:on 23 September 2015.
747:Sino-Indian relations
691:According to scholar
532:
421:Casualties and losses
406:2nd Artillery Company
3981:Wars involving India
3916:Project Blue Sword-B
3856:Sino-Indian Standoff
3844:Sino-Indian skirmish
3034:Battle of Asal Uttar
2914:National Cadet Corps
2869:Southern Air Command
2760:Defence Space Agency
2755:Defence Cyber Agency
2158:2020ā2021 skirmishes
2153:2017 border standoff
1018:1962 Sino-Indian War
519:1962 Sino-Indian War
212:P. P. Kumaramangalam
3892:Sino-Vietnamese War
3728:Yijiangshan Islands
3680:Cross-Taiwan Strait
3445:Historical Aircraft
3340:LOC surgical strike
3082:Battle of Longewala
3019:Indo-Pakistani wars
2987:Paramilitary forces
2958:Ranks and insignia
2919:Paramilitary forces
2889:Maintenance Command
2879:Western Air Command
2864:Eastern Air Command
2859:Central Air Command
2634:Ministry of Defence
2627:Committees/Councils
2549:Minister of Defence
2478:Indian Armed Forces
2388:ChinaāIndia railway
814:Lieutenant Colonel
697:Cultural Revolution
617:Clashes at Nathu La
541:Following the 1962
403:2nd Machine Company
234:Jagjit Singh Aurora
3904:Battle of Fakashan
3734:Dachen Archipelago
3690:(after 1 Oct 1949)
3450:Aircraft Squadrons
3372:Ballistic missiles
3039:Battle of Chawinda
2954:Military Academies
2909:Indian Coast Guard
2733:Commander-in-Chief
2721:Commander-in-Chief
2306:Economic relations
1355:The Economic Times
1001:Abhilash Chaudhary
967:In popular culture
563:Sino-Indian border
539:
3991:History of Sikkim
3971:Conflicts in 1967
3958:
3957:
3933:
3932:
3910:Battle of Laoshan
3691:
3663:Xinjiang conflict
3633:Chinese Civil War
3579:
3578:
3463:
3462:
3350:
3349:
3167:Balakot airstrike
2942:
2941:
2897:
2896:
2554:Defence Secretary
2439:
2438:
2393:China Study Group
1249:Lok Sabha Debates
1152:978-1-137-41236-2
997:Gurmeet Choudhary
993:Harshvardhan Rane
964:
963:
940:Sepoy Gokal Singh
866:
865:
647:Clashes at Cho La
489:, then an Indian
487:Kingdom of Sikkim
463:
462:
400:6th Rifle Company
397:4th Rifle Company
286:(Chairman of the
199:
181:
122:
121:
115:Republic of India
111:Kingdom of Sikkim
109:Incorporation of
84:Kingdom of Sikkim
16:(Redirected from
4018:
3772:
3689:
3657:Tibetan uprising
3651:Battle of Chamdo
3606:
3599:
3592:
3583:
3552:
3551:
3536:Amar Jawan Jyoti
3414:Historical Ships
3383:
3124:Siachen conflict
3114:Kashmir conflict
3009:
2929:Territorial Army
2902:Other components
2884:Training Command
2798:Southern Command
2793:Northern Command
2699:
2622:
2609:Serving marshals
2604:Serving admirals
2599:Serving generals
2523:Indian Air Force
2521:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2476:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2035:Diplomatic posts
2029:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1984:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1817:on 14 April 2005
1813:. Archived from
1800:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1648:
1635:
1634:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1527:
1516:
1515:
1495:
1480:
1479:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1319:
1290:
1289:
1274:
1265:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1218:äøå½äŗŗę°č§£ę¾åę„å
µē¬¬åäøåøåęå²
1214:
1208:
1207:
1202:. Archived from
1191:
1160:
1159:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1059:Brahma Chellaney
1055:
979:as Maj. General
873:
769:
752:Chinese Premier
376:
374:
373:
363:
361:
360:
342:
341:
340:
334:
322:
321:
320:
314:
303:
302:
301:
295:
280:
279:
278:
271:
257:
256:
255:
243:
242:
241:
229:
228:
227:
221:
207:
206:
205:
193:
189:
188:
187:
175:
171:
170:
169:
152:
150:
149:
139:
137:
136:
52:
51:
44:
32:
21:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4006:1960s in Sikkim
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3929:
3886:Paracel Islands
3867:
3832:Sino-Indian War
3817:
3790:
3763:
3722:Dongshan Island
3688:
3682:
3674:
3619:
3613:Armed conflicts
3610:
3580:
3575:
3540:
3479:
3459:
3440:Active Aircraft
3428:
3397:
3381:
3346:
3302:Northeast India
3290:
3251:
3196:Doklam standoff
3106:
3100:
3096:Sino-Indian War
3061:Battle of Chamb
2998:
2938:
2893:
2845:
2817:
2808:Western Command
2788:Eastern Command
2783:Central Command
2769:
2690:
2626:
2613:
2527:
2516:
2514:
2503:
2501:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2470:
2440:
2435:
2419:
2339:
2301:
2179:
2106:Sino-Indian War
2094:
2061:
2030:
2023:
2013:
2011:
1967:
1945:
1943:Further reading
1940:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1871:on 25 June 2022
1863:
1862:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1650:
1649:
1638:
1631:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1529:
1528:
1519:
1512:
1497:
1496:
1483:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1407:
1406:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1321:
1320:
1293:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1257:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1193:
1192:
1163:
1153:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1113:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1079:
1071:. p. 195.
1057:
1056:
1045:
1041:
1009:
989:Rai Singh Yadav
969:
882:Place of action
871:
788:Rai Singh Yadav
778:Place of action
767:
765:Maha Vir Chakra
762:
760:Military Awards
725:
709:Chinese Premier
689:
673:
649:
619:
608:Rai Singh Yadav
587:
543:Sino-Indian War
535:Survey of India
527:
458:
453:
451:
449:
441:
439:
434:
432:
430:
371:
369:
358:
356:
338:
336:
335:
328:
327:
318:
316:
315:
311:Chinese Premier
308:
307:
299:
297:
296:
285:
284:
276:
274:
265:
264:
262:Rai Singh Yadav
253:
251:
250:
239:
237:
236:
225:
223:
222:
215:
214:
203:
201:
200:
185:
183:
182:
167:
165:
147:
145:
134:
132:
100:
86:
61:
59:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4024:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3895:
3889:
3882:
3880:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3838:Chola incident
3835:
3828:
3826:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3809:
3802:
3800:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3781:
3779:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3746:Burmese border
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3694:
3692:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3666:
3665:(1980āpresent)
3660:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3629:
3627:
3625:Mainland China
3621:
3620:
3615:involving the
3611:
3609:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3419:Weapon Systems
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3026:
3015:
3013:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2924:Special forces
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2630:
2628:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2544:Prime Minister
2541:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2512:
2499:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2385:
2383:Cheena Bhavana
2380:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2250:Infrastructure
2247:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2126:Forward policy
2123:
2118:
2113:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1966:
1965:External links
1963:
1962:
1961:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1924:
1910:
1896:
1882:
1856:
1842:
1828:
1795:
1777:
1770:
1750:
1743:
1723:
1716:
1697:
1690:
1670:
1663:
1636:
1629:
1609:
1602:
1579:
1572:
1549:
1542:
1517:
1510:
1481:
1474:
1454:
1447:
1427:
1420:
1393:
1367:
1341:
1335:978-1400828876
1334:
1291:
1255:
1235:
1209:
1161:
1151:
1126:
1111:
1088:
1077:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1005:
968:
965:
962:
961:
959:
946:
941:
937:
936:
934:
921:
919:2nd Grenadiers
916:
912:
911:
909:
896:
894:2nd Grenadiers
891:
887:
886:
883:
880:
877:
870:
867:
864:
863:
861:
848:
843:
839:
838:
836:
823:
818:
811:
810:
808:
795:
793:2nd Grenadiers
790:
783:
782:
779:
776:
773:
766:
763:
761:
758:
724:
721:
688:
685:
672:
669:
648:
645:
618:
615:
586:
583:
526:
523:
461:
460:
455:Chinese claims
443:
436:Chinese claims
423:
422:
418:
417:
416:
415:
408:
407:
404:
401:
398:
390:
386:
385:
381:
380:
367:
353:
352:
351:Units involved
348:
347:
272:
196:Prime Minister
162:
161:
157:
156:
143:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:
107:
102:
96:
95:
94:Indian victory
92:
88:
87:
70:
68:
64:
63:
56:
48:
47:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4023:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:1967 in India
3999:
3997:
3996:1967 in China
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3874:South Vietnam
3870:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:United States
3793:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3770:
3768:International
3766:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
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2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:Depsang Bulge
2206:
2204:
2203:Dehra Compass
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
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2188:
2186:
2182:
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2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:1987 skirmish
2141:
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2017:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1976:
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1969:
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1964:
1960:. Juggernaut.
1959:
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1947:
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1771:9788125015857
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1744:9789004304314
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1717:9788131708347
1713:
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1691:9781136938450
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1664:9781136811319
1660:
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1630:9780765627667
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1603:9781897829523
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1573:9780295801209
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1543:9781897829523
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1511:9789004304314
1507:
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1448:9789004304314
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1421:9781897829523
1417:
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1398:
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1381:The Telegraph
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1123:
1120:
1114:
1112:9780773525887
1108:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:9788172236502
1074:
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1069:HarperCollins
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1044:
1038:
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1019:
1016:
1014:
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1010:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:Jackie Shroff
974:
973:Paltan (film)
966:
960:
958:
954:
950:
947:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:
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929:
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849:
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844:
841:
840:
837:
835:
831:
827:
824:
822:
821:10 JAK Rifles
819:
817:
816:Mahatam Singh
813:
812:
809:
807:
803:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
785:
784:
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748:
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736:
732:
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722:
720:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
698:
694:
693:Taylor Fravel
686:
684:
680:
678:
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664:
660:
656:
654:
646:
644:
640:
637:
633:
631:
628:
624:
616:
614:
611:
609:
603:
599:
597:
593:
584:
582:
580:
576:
572:
571:Camelās back,
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
547:Chumbi Valley
544:
536:
531:
524:
522:
520:
515:
514:Chumbi Valley
509:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
456:
447:
446:Indian claims
444:
437:
428:
427:Indian claims
425:
424:
419:
413:
412:
411:
405:
402:
399:
396:
395:
394:
391:
388:
387:
382:
379:
368:
366:
355:
354:
349:
345:
332:
326:Wang Chenghan
325:
312:
306:
293:
289:
283:
273:
269:
263:
260:
249:
246:
235:
232:
219:
213:
210:
197:
192:
191:Indira Gandhi
179:
174:
164:
163:
158:
155:
144:
142:
131:
130:
125:
116:
112:
108:
105:
104:
103:
98:
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81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
65:
60:(3 days)
57:
54:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3900:(1979ā1991)
3716:Nanri Island
3484:Other topics
3409:Active Ships
3321:
3313:
3295:Insurgencies
3273:
3264:
3240:
3232:
3214:
3190:
3176:Congo Crisis
3135:
3076:Cactus-Lilly
3075:
3067:
2625:Ministry and
2618:Organisation
2425:
2398:Tan Yun-Shan
2137:
1974:
1955:
1927:
1913:
1899:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:the original
1859:
1845:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:the original
1808:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1760:
1753:
1733:
1726:
1706:
1700:
1680:
1673:
1653:
1619:
1612:
1592:
1562:
1532:
1500:
1464:
1457:
1437:
1430:
1410:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:
1344:
1324:
1277:
1248:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1204:the original
1200:www.claws.in
1199:
1156:
1142:
1118:
1116:
1101:
1082:
1063:
987:as Lt. Col.
985:Arjun Rampal
970:
751:
733:
726:
717:
702:
690:
681:
674:
665:
661:
657:
650:
641:
638:
634:
622:
620:
612:
604:
600:
592:Zhang Guohua
588:
570:
566:
540:
510:
495:
491:protectorate
474:
470:
466:
464:
454:
445:
435:
426:
409:
392:
268:2 Grenadiers
173:Zakir Husain
127:Belligerents
29:
3864:(2020-2021)
3846:(1986-1987)
3814:(1965ā1973)
3812:Vietnam War
3808:(1950ā1953)
3647:(1950ā1958)
3641:(1949ā1961)
3267:(Hyderabad)
3256:Annexations
3241:Devi Shakti
2977:Coast Guard
2510:Indian Navy
2497:Indian Army
2198:Dakpa Sheri
1386:10 February
1360:10 February
1287:10603/30868
981:Sagat Singh
975:, starring
719:1962 war."
596:barbed wire
579:Sagat Singh
537:map of 1923
452:450 wounded
440:101 killed
433:163 wounded
365:Indian Army
248:Sagat Singh
99:Territorial
3965:Categories
3806:Korean War
3799:and allies
3320:Operation
3312:Operation
3272:Operation
3263:Operation
3239:Operation
3231:Operation
3213:Operation
3134:Operation
3119:Korean War
3089:Kargil War
3074:Operation
3066:Operation
3004:Operations
2532:Leadership
2193:Aksai Chin
1039:References
869:Vir Chakra
786:Brigadier
754:Wen Jiabao
713:Zhou Enlai
671:Casualties
525:Background
450:340 killed
346:Yu Zhiquan
305:Zhou Enlai
282:Mao Zedong
3760:(1995ā96)
3748:(1960ā61)
3698:Kuningtou
3635:(1927ā50)
3569:Air Force
3468:Documents
3433:Air Force
3355:Equipment
3314:Blue Star
3157:2016ā2018
3152:2014ā2015
3107:Conflicts
3105:External
3051:Naval War
3024:1947ā1948
2972:Air Force
2947:Personnel
2851:Air Force
2539:President
2099:Conflicts
2066:Diplomacy
1810:The Hindu
1117:(Indian)
944:18 Rajput
885:Citation
846:18 Rajput
781:Citation
723:Aftermath
627:Commissar
431:88 killed
344:Maj. Gen.
324:Maj. Gen.
245:Maj. Gen.
178:President
113:into the
3938:See also
3752:Dong-Yin
3554:Category
3322:Woodrose
3281:Junagadh
3136:Parakram
2695:Commands
2405:Zhengyou
2163:Timeline
1933:"Paltan"
1821:17 March
1790:BBC News
1061:(2006).
1007:See also
949:Nathu La
924:Nathu La
899:Nathu La
851:Nathu La
798:Nathu La
687:Analysis
630:Ren Rong
551:Nathu La
502:Nathu La
384:Strength
231:Lt. Gen.
82:and the
72:Nathu La
67:Location
3878:Vietnam
3496:History
3330:Kashmir
3068:Trident
3056:Air War
2373:Chindia
2344:Related
2223:Sirijap
1935:. IMDB.
1122:border.
1084:forces.
585:Prelude
567:Sebu La
101:changes
3924:(1988)
3918:(1986)
3912:(1984)
3906:(1981)
3894:(1979)
3888:(1974)
3858:(2017)
3852:(2013)
3840:(1967)
3834:(1962)
3787:(1969)
3754:(1965)
3742:(1958)
3736:(1955)
3730:(1955)
3724:(1953)
3718:(1952)
3712:(1950)
3706:(1949)
3700:(1949)
3685:Taiwan
3671:(1989)
3659:(1959)
3653:(1950)
3455:Future
3424:Future
3307:Punjab
3233:Raahat
3215:Cactus
2520:
2507:
2494:
2378:Chinas
2213:Doklam
1875:27 May
1768:
1741:
1714:
1688:
1661:
1627:
1600:
1570:
1540:
1508:
1472:
1445:
1418:
1332:
1149:
1119:jawans
1109:
1075:
953:Sikkim
928:Sikkim
903:Sikkim
855:Sikkim
830:Sikkim
826:Cho La
802:Sikkim
735:Sikkim
653:Cho La
623:jawans
555:Sikkim
506:Cho La
375:
362:
151:
138:
91:Result
76:Cho La
3824:India
3274:Vijay
2703:Joint
2325:BASIC
2313:BRICS
2255:Roads
2218:Dolam
1273:(PDF)
1220:[
957:India
932:India
907:India
859:India
834:India
806:India
559:Tibet
483:India
479:China
259:Brig.
154:China
141:India
80:China
3777:USSR
3683:(vs
3564:Navy
3559:Army
3402:Navy
3386:Army
3265:Polo
3201:2020
3186:1987
3162:2019
3147:2013
3142:2011
3046:1971
3029:1965
3012:Wars
2967:Navy
2962:Army
2823:Navy
2775:Army
2318:BRIC
1877:2020
1823:2009
1766:ISBN
1739:ISBN
1712:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1568:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1388:2021
1362:2021
1330:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1073:ISBN
879:Unit
876:Name
775:Unit
772:Name
675:The
569:and
481:and
465:The
209:Gen.
74:and
55:Date
3872:vs
3822:vs
3795:vs
3775:vs
1283:hdl
292:CMC
288:CPC
3967::
3687:)
1977:.
1807:.
1788:.
1639:^
1582:^
1552:^
1520:^
1484:^
1396:^
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