Knowledge (XXG)

Native schools

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142:. As part of the Government's policy to assimilate Māori into Pākehā society, instruction was to be conducted entirely in English where practical. Under the Act, it was the responsibility of Māori communities to request a school for their children, form a school committee, supply land for the school and, until 1871, pay for half of the building costs and a quarter of the teacher's salary. Many communities were keen for their children to learn English as a second language and by 1879 there were 57 native schools. In 1880 the first inspector of native schools was appointed and a Native Schools Code was issued that prescribed a curriculum, established qualifications for teachers, and standardised operation for the Māori schools. 343:, which were subjects that were part of the matriculation programme for entry to a university, and focused the curriculum of native schools on agricultural and technical instruction and domestic skills. It was pointed out that there was nothing to stop a Māori from learning classics, maths and algebra (for example) at a regular public school. Regarding Te Aute College, there was a recommendation in 1906 that "having regard to the circumstances of the Maoris as owners of considerable areas of suitable agricultural and pastoral land, it is necessary to give prominence in the curriculum to manual and technical instruction in agriculture. This view was supported by Māori politicians. 45: 314:
Maori children calling to one another in English as they chase each other about the playground. I may inform teachers that it has been alleged that an important distinction exists in this very respect between the Maori children attending a Board school and those attending one of our own Native schools—namely, that the former speak English in the playground, while the latter speak Maori. I hope that teachers will do their best to give this statement a practical denial, and to take every care to impress upon the children the necessity of practising outside school the lessons they learn within it.
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controlled directly by the Education Department, and 3.8 percent attended private schools (including Māori private schools). The principal of Kaeo District High School noted that children from small Māori schools were hampered at secondary school because they did not have a good grasp of English. He stated that: “We have frequently discovered that children of even seven or eight years have no English word for quite common everyday things. Children such as these speak neither English nor Maori at home but a sort of pidgin mixture of both languages".
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and that the instruction is carried on in the English language as far as practicable Provided always that it shall be lawful for the Colonial Secretary to contribute to the maintenance or salaries of such Native teachers as shall conduct Native Schools in remote districts when it may be found impossible to provide English teachers.
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Although children were to be encouraged to speak English, there was never an official policy banning children from speaking Māori. However, some native school committees made rules to that effect, a practice that persisted well into the 20th century. This contributed to the decline in the general use
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The language of instruction in the Maori schools is English, but the schools are not completely English in outlook, for Maori arts and crafts, song, legend, and history are taught. Methods of teaching are practical, and objectives closely related to the special needs of the Maori people. In many of
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In 1929 history was added to the native school curriculum, with teachers being advised to emphasise Māori and New Zealand history, and in 1930 a new primary school syllabus was introduced to board schools and (with modifications) to native schools. The new syllabus was criticised by an ex-Inspector
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No school shall receive any grant unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the Colonial Secretary by the report of the inspector or otherwise as the Colonial Secretary shall think fit that the English language and the ordinary subjects of primary English education are taught by a competent teacher
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The Native Schools Act of 1867 was a major shift in policy. Rather than helping churches to rebuild mission schools after the wars, the government offered secular, state-controlled, primary schools to Māori communities who petitioned for them. In return for providing a suitable site, the government
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I should like to impress upon both teachers and committees the necessity for encouraging the children to talk English on the playground, and to see that this is done as much as possible. There are many schools in which this habit is regularly practised, and it is very encouraging to hear the young
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Native schools became known as "Māori schools" following the Maori Purposes Act 1947, under which all government usage switched from 'Native' to 'Maori'. The number of Māori schools began to decline in the 1950s. In 1958 almost 70 per cent of Māori children attended a board school, but there were
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spoke against suddenly doing so, saying that "far better results were attained by Maori children at Native schools than at public schools. The reason was that at public schools Maori children, to whom English was a foreign language, were placed side by side with white children, who had obtained a
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In 1947 George Brown, the only Māori on the Hawkes Bay Education Board, suggested that board schools and native schools should be unified completely under one system. He pointed out that most Māori children attended board schools and felt there was no longer any need for separate schools, unless
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At a Māori conference in 1936 the subject of teaching Māori language was discussed and attendees pointed out that children in native schools were punished for speaking Māori. Academics at Auckland University College supported the view from the conference that Māori language and culture should be
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It is not necessary that teachers should, at the time of their appointment, be acquainted with the Maori tongue; but they may find it desirable to learn enough Māori to enable them to communicate with the adult Natives. In all cases English is to be used by the teacher when he is instructing the
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The number of Māori schools continued to decline, and by 1968 there were only 108 Māori primary schools with a total of 8200 pupils, including 749 non-Māori children. 85 percent of Māori children attended state primary schools controlled by education boards, 11.1 percent were at Māori schools
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provided a school, teacher, books, and materials. Native school teachers frequently also provided medicines and medical advice to their pupils and their families, and acted as liaison between rural communities and the government. The schools were transferred from the Native Department to the
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The Maori language has been degraded and corrupted, and the young Maori has learned to aspire after pakeha ideas, sports and fashions and to despise Maori ways. The idea that the Maori would soon be absorbed into the pakeha population was one stultifying cause, and another was the lust for
204:, which was the predominant language throughout the early part of the 19th century. Māori who had attended mission schools set up their own schools back in their villages. By the 1860s, three-quarters of the Māori population could read in Māori and two-thirds could write in Māori. 368:
examination results inherent in a system run by ex-teachers and easily communicated to parents and the public. The most urgent reform in the education of the Maori is to restore and preserve the Maori language. Thousands of Maori children cannot speak Maori. This is a great loss.
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In 1968 the Prime Minister announced that all state Māori schools would be put under the management of education boards, and the last 108 native schools were transferred to the control of boards by the beginning of 1969. The aim was to deliver a better service to Māori pupils.
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senior classes. In the junior classes the Maori language may be used for the purpose of making the children acquainted with the meanings of English words and sentences. The aim of the teacher, however, should be to dispense with the use of Maori in school as soon as possible.
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was appointed the organising inspector of native schools in January 1880 and later that year he issued a Native Schools Code that prescribed a curriculum, established qualifications for teachers, and standardised operation for the native schools. The primary mission was to
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colloquical knowledge of English in their own homes. In the Native schools special attention was paid to the teaching of English". Ngata said that Māori were suspicious that their children did not receive the same attention at board schools as at native schools.
347:, Inspector of Native Schools, expressed the opinion that the objective of Māori education should be to prepare pupils for life among Māori where they could take the skills they had learned to improve the lives of people in their home villages. 197:, on 20 January 1840. The schools run by William and Jane were well attended; the school opened with five classes for men, two classes for women and classes for boys. Classes covered practical knowledge as well as teaching of the scriptures. 386:
still 157 Māori schools (down from 166 in 1955). The government's long-term policy was to transfer Māori schools to the control of education boards, in consultation with local Māori communities. The New Zealand Official Yearbook stated:
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Māori into European culture. Māori could attend Board of Education schools and non-Māori could attend native schools, although the primary purpose of the native schools was providing European education for Māori.
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fostered at native schools, but by 1939 the Inspector of Native Schools was able to state that pupils seemed to be thinking in English more often and translating more easily from Māori to English.
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the Maori schools, such equipment as woodwork rooms, cookery rooms, model cottages, baths, hot and cold showers, and laundries is supplied. Health education is featured in every Maori school.
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Schools for Māori children and adults were established in locations where the CMS established mission stations. For example, William Williams and his family arrived at Tūranga,
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caused many of the mission schools to close. However, Te Aute College and St Joseph's Māori Girls' College, both in Hawke's Bay, were not impacted by the wars. The Anglican
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The Native Schools Code published in 1880 stated that "the Native children must be taught to read and write the English language, and to speak it" and also
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In 1912, the government was considering handing control of native schools from the Education Department to local Education Boards. Members of Parliament
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The Education Ordinance of 1847 provided some funding for mission schools and required them to conduct classes in English in order to receive the
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for Māori. The mission schools struggled to conduct all teaching in English, and many continued to teach in Māori. The Roman Catholic
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Maori committees are very enthusiastic sometimes. They make such rules as "Only English to be spoken in the playground."
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was established in Napier in 1875. Catholic priests and brothers established other schools for Māori, including
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starting in 1816. Catholic priests and brothers established schools for Māori throughout the country, including
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The Native Schools Act 1867 established a national system of village primary schools under the control of the
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In 1906 the Inspector of Native Schools, William Bird, reported to the Inspector-General of Schools:
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in 1814 and over the next decade established schools in the Bay of Islands, the first being run by
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from 1816 to 1818. Education of Māori children and adults advanced with the arrival of
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Paperspast (Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1 January 1906)
1088:"Te Aute and Wanganui School Trusts (Report and evidence of the Royal Commission on)" 1032:
Paperspast (Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1 January 1906)
1028:"Te Aute and Wanganui School Trusts (Report and evidence of the Royal Commission on)" 1002:
Paperspast (Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1 January 1906)
998:"Te Aute and Wanganui School Trusts (Report and evidence of the Royal Commission on)" 682:
Paperspast (Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1 January 1894)
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Paperspast (Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1 January 1884)
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A Native Congregation at Waimate – Contrast between the Past and the Present
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of the CMS in 1854. The Native Schools Act 1858 continued the subsidies for
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Schools established to acculturate Māori into white New Zealander society
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children. The first schools for Māori were established by the Anglican
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This article is about the schools in New Zealand. For other uses, see
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Formation of a Church Mission at Turanga, or Poverty Bay, New Zealand
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Decolonisation in Aotearoa: Education, research and practice
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Separate but Equal?: Māori Schools and the Crown, 1867–1969
960:"Chapter 1, Reclaiming Māori education, by Ranginui Walker" 630:
Waitangi Tribunal Report on Ngai Tahu Schools and Hospitals
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Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives
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Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives
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from the original on 2 August 2022 – via Paperspast.
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Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives
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in the Bay of Islands, where schools were established.
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Māori Education in New Zealand: A Historical Overview
1199:. 3 October 1936. p. 13 – via Papers Past. 382:
there was a demand for a completely separate system.
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Early missionary schools were often conducted in the
1181:. 2 October 1936. p. 5 – via Papers Past. 1145:. Session 1, E3: 3, 5. 1930 – via Papers Past. 958:
Hutchings, Jessica; Lee-Morgan, Jenny, eds. (2016).
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Te Wiremu: Henry Williams – Early Years in the North
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The Native Schools System 1867–1969: Ngā Kura Māori
857:"Native Schools Act 1867 (31 Victoriae 1867 No 41)" 1357:: A critical review of the State education system" 768:"Work of Native Schools: Native Minister's praise" 547: 515: 484: 461:Marianne Williams: Letters from the Bay of Islands 1304:. 7 May 1968. p. 32 – via Papers Past. 942:: A critical review of the State education system 291:Section 21 of the Native Schools Act 1867 states: 1359:. Vol 4, No 1 (2011) Te Kaharoa. Archived from 905:"Educating the Maori: the Native School system" 486:"The Church Missionary Gleaner, February 1844" 1404: 8: 1340:(Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1998) 1286:. 20 December 1967 – via Papers Past. 648:"Reports from officers in native districts" 549:"The Church Missionary Gleaner, April 1841" 517:"The Church Missionary Gleaner, March 1844" 186:was appointed as head of the CMS school at 2183: 2023: 1977: 1908: 1616: 1434: 1411: 1397: 1389: 795: 793: 491:Missionary Meeting at Waimate, New Zealand 363:of Native Schools in 1936. He stated that: 95:were established to provide education for 593: 591: 589: 1379:The Wananga Capital Establishment Report 806:Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 708:"Native teachers: what their duties are" 604:Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 50:Painting of the Wesleyan Native School, 1127:. Press Association. 26 September 1912. 426: 190:in 1839 and remained there until 1842. 178:joined the CMS mission and settled at 1115: 1113: 829: 827: 150:The CMS founded its first mission at 7: 2341: 2191:Ancient higher-learning institutions 1236:. p. 4 – via Papers Past. 948:, vol. 4, 2011, pp. 203–204, 207–211 2387:History of education in New Zealand 654:. 1 January 1884. p. G1 p. 1. 410:History of education in New Zealand 229:Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions 133:Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions 986:from the original on 7 April 2022. 778:from the original on 2 August 2022 748:from the original on 2 August 2022 718:from the original on 1 August 2022 688:from the original on 1 August 2022 658:from the original on 1 August 2022 25: 1268:. Department of Statistics. 1970. 1252:. Department of Statistics. 1960. 1098:from the original on 24 June 2019 1068:from the original on 25 July 2019 1038:from the original on 24 June 2019 1008:from the original on 24 June 2019 867:from the original on 7 April 2022 841:. 1880 Session I, H-1F: 1. 1880. 812:from the original on 21 July 2013 610:from the original on 30 July 2013 170:in 1823. In 1826 Henry's brother 2340: 2331: 2330: 2319: 438:. Huia Publishers, New Zealand. 225:St Joseph's Māori Girls' College 125:St Joseph's Māori Girls' College 63: 43: 1353:"The impact of colonisation on 1298:"Maori Schools' Service to End" 915:from the original on 5 May 2022 1139:"Education of Native Children" 938:The impact of colonisation on 632:(Report). 1991. Archived from 463:. Penguin Books, New Zealand. 1: 1265:New Zealand Official Yearbook 1249:New Zealand Official Yearbook 1121:"'Danger of the color line.'" 598:Calman, Ross (20 June 2012). 459:Fitzgerald, Caroline (2004). 434:Fitzgerald, Caroline (2011). 146:Church and missionary schools 2377:Māori schools in New Zealand 1597:University technical college 1228:Brown, George (6 May 1947). 887:"Education: Native Schools" 678:"Education: Native Schools" 2403: 1526:College-preparatory school 31: 2314: 2186: 2026: 1980: 1911: 1619: 1536:Comprehensive high school 1324:Victoria University Press 835:"The Native Schools Code" 287:English language teaching 101:Church Missionary Society 1893:State-integrated school 1767:By funding / eligibility 1546:Continuation high school 1280:"Mixing of Maoris urged" 1230:"Unification of Schools" 1157:"Education of the Maori" 1094:. 1906. p. G5, 93. 1034:. 1906. p. G5, iv. 936:Ka'ai Mahuta, Rachael, " 923:– via Paperspast. 377:Decline of Māori schools 2306:Educational institution 1926:Anarchistic free school 1672:Institute of technology 1351:Ka'ai-Mahuta, Rachael. 323:Other curriculum issues 269:Department of Education 240:Hukarere Girls' College 227:was established by the 221:church boarding schools 2136:Compensatory education 1888:State or public school 1714:Upper division college 393: 370: 316: 307: 298: 131:) was founded by the 2367:Cultural assimilation 1792:Comprehensive school 1719:Vocational university 1004:. p. G5, 95–96. 774:. 28 September 1912. 388: 365: 311: 302: 293: 2255:in the United States 2146:Continuing education 2141:Compulsory education 1985:Free school movement 1953:Single-sex education 1938:International school 1921:Democratic education 1800:For-profit education 1787:Community day school 1682:Liberal arts college 1541:Comprehensive school 1531:Collegiate institute 684:. p. E2, p. 2. 578:Fowler, Leo (1974). 558:Adam Matthew Digital 526:Adam Matthew Digital 495:Adam Matthew Digital 2264:Informal or illegal 2218:Medieval university 2161:Inclusive education 2131:College preparatory 1692:Residential college 1687:Research university 1624:Professional school 1499:/ Elementary school 1363:on 20 February 2014 1336:Simon, Judith, ed. 911:. 29 January 1908. 744:. 8 February 1893. 742:Marlborough Express 636:on 22 October 2007. 546:Williams, William. 327:In the late 1800s, 244:Hato Petera College 215:was established by 117:Hato Petera College 2326:Schools portal 2231:indigenous peoples 2228:Schools imposed on 2166:Remedial education 2100:Distance education 1916:Alternative school 1905:By style / purpose 1880:Specialist school 1739:All-through school 1587:Sixth form college 1318:Barrington, John. 1064:. 5 October 1917. 909:New Zealand Herald 772:New Zealand Herald 337:Euclidean geometry 252:Hato Paora College 188:Te Waimate mission 109:Hato Paora College 18:Native Schools Act 2354: 2353: 2289: 2288: 2171:Special education 2151:Further education 2078: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2013: 2012: 2000:Montessori school 1995:Laboratory 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Demand" 1207: 1201: 1200: 1193:"Strong Support" 1189: 1183: 1182: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1117: 1108: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1084: 1078: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1058:"Native Schools" 1054: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1024: 1018: 1017: 1015: 1013: 994: 988: 987: 985: 964: 955: 949: 934: 928: 927: 922: 920: 901: 895: 894: 883: 877: 876: 874: 872: 853: 847: 846: 831: 822: 821: 819: 817: 797: 788: 787: 785: 783: 764: 758: 757: 755: 753: 734: 728: 727: 725: 723: 714:. 25 June 1909. 704: 698: 697: 695: 693: 674: 668: 667: 665: 663: 644: 638: 637: 626: 620: 619: 617: 615: 595: 584: 583: 575: 569: 568: 566: 564: 551: 543: 537: 536: 534: 532: 519: 512: 506: 505: 503: 501: 488: 481: 475: 474: 456: 450: 449: 431: 236:New Zealand Wars 172:William Williams 67: 47: 21: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2320: 2318: 2310: 2285: 2259: 2250:in South Africa 2233: 2229: 2222: 2208:Monastic school 2175: 2119: 2090:Boarding school 2070: 2046:Female 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Index

Native Schools Act
Native School

Three Kings
Auckland
Native school in Whirinaki, Te Tai Tokerau
Whirinaki
Northland
New Zealand
Māori
Church Missionary Society
Bay of Islands
Hato Paora College
Feilding
Hato Petera College
Auckland
St Joseph's Māori Girls' College
Taradale
Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions
Native Department
Rangihoua
Bay of Islands
Thomas Kendall
Henry Williams
Marianne
William Williams
Jane
Paihia
Richard Taylor
Te Waimate mission

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