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The plan proposed by the
Monetary Commission provided for the establishment of local associations of banks and the grouping of these into regional associations. These were further grouped into a national reserve association with a head office at Washington. Under certain conditions, all banks in the
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The volumes contain essays commissioned from leading specialists, plus numerous tables, charts, graphs, and facsimiles of forms and documents. Some volumes contain transcripts of relevant speeches, interviews, and hearings. Mitchell provides a comprehensive review of the documents prepared by the
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The
Commission issued 30 reports (1909-1912) that provided a detailed and authoritative survey of banking systems of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The reports examine such topics as U.S. financial laws; U.S. state banking statutes; Canadian banking history; and the banking and currency
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The appearance of the
Monetary Commission's report stimulated widespread interest and discussion of banking reform. In the presidential campaign of 1912 two of the political parties in their national platforms condemned the plan proposed by the National Monetary Commission, and the successful
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In the
Southeast and Midwest, the resulting shortage of cash was so serious that local clearinghouses issued emergency notes against collateral pledged by cooperating banks so that people could carry on business. Suspending cash payments and issuing clearinghouse certificates were better than
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for banking institutions, and serving as a depositary and disbursing agent for the
Government. The commission believed that it had worked out a system of control which would prevent the domination of the association by any group of interests, political or financial.
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country were to be eligible for membership in this central institution. Its functions were to be essentially the same as those performed by the great central banks of Europe, namely, the holding and administration of the bank reserves of the country, the issue of an
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leader in the Senate, personally led a team of experts to major
European capitals. They were stunned to discover how much more efficient the European financial system appeared to be and how much more important than the
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232:. The bill, which created the central banking system of the U.S. and granted it the legal authority to issue legal tender, was introduced in Congress on June 26, and finally enacted into law, December 23, 1913.
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Following the panics of the late 1890s and early 1900s, the
American people were aroused to the need for basic reforms. One of the most painful aspects of the economic crisis before
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was the rush by individuals and businesses, as they became apprehensive about the economic future, to the banks to convert their deposits into cash. A common way to mitigate these "
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members alike. It failed to get strong public support partly because of its apparent resemblance to a central bank and of popular suspicion of its main author, Senator
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between 1909 and 1912 with the final report containing proposed recommendations and draft legislation to establish a national reserve association in the United States.
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The plan submitted by the commission was intended to be nonpartisan, and the report was unanimous and signed by
Republican and
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in international trade. The commission's reports and recommendations became one of the principal bases in the enactment of the
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Law
Librarians' Society of Washington, D.C., Inc., "The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 - A Legislative History", 2009 (
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allowing a panic to continue, but the public wanted a reform that would prevent suspensions altogether.
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1908 U.S. congressional commission to determine how to reform the U.S. financial system
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The Great Debate on
Banking Reform: Nelson Aldrich And Origins of the Fed
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https://web.archive.org/web/20100324115751/http://www.llsdc.org/FRA%2DLH/
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Dewald, William G. "The national monetary commission: a look back."
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A History of Central Banking in Great Britain and the United States
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Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 25: 3, pp. 563 - 593.
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191:, which serves as the Federal Reserve System's headquarters.
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currency based upon commercial assets, the rediscount of
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systems of England, France, Germany and other nations.
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The Publications of the National Monetary Commission,
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A History of the Federal Reserve, Volume 1: 1913-1951
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Public–Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets
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200:commission. The reports were published by the
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8:
1334:2009 Supervisory Capital Assessment Program
1251:Federal Reserve v. Investment Co. Institute
1339:Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility
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311:National Monetary Commission publications
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1766:1908 establishments in the United States
32:This article includes a list of general
409:Maryland Tobacco Inspection Act of 1747
1015:Monetary Policy Report to the Congress
1308:Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices
284:The Federal Reserve System: A History
7:
1771:Progressive Era in the United States
1723:Monetary policy of the United States
1302:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
1259:Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve
1232:Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act
377:Monetary policy of the United States
361:central banking in the United States
243:Journal of Money, Credit and Banking
1010:Federal Reserve Statistical Release
659:New York Clearing House Association
1776:United States national commissions
1296:Subprime mortgage crisis responses
471:Article I of the U.S. Constitution
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1361:Commercial Paper Funding Facility
1314:Commercial Paper Funding Facility
129:of 1913 which created the modern
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1698:Criticism of the Federal Reserve
1272:Expedited Funds Availability Act
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565:Second Bank of the United States
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1166:U.S. Treasury Department Accord
723:Compound interest treasury note
508:First Bank of the United States
202:U.S. Government Printing Office
1368:Corner Post v. Federal Reserve
1320:Primary Dealer Credit Facility
447:Continental currency banknotes
1:
957:Federal Open Market Committee
815:Specie Payment Resumption Act
560:Banking in the Jacksonian Era
93:, the Commission studied the
1761:National Monetary Commission
1327:Bloomberg v. Federal Reserve
1226:Electronic Fund Transfer Act
1208:Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
1202:Equal Credit Opportunity Act
1090:National Monetary Commission
877:National Monetary Commission
265:Mitchell, Wesley C. (1911).
83:National Monetary Commission
853:Sherman Silver Purchase Act
585:New York Safety Fund System
459:U.S. Finance Superintendent
435:Second Continental Congress
279:. 1930, scholarly biography
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1214:Community Reinvestment Act
1238:International Banking Act
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980:Federal Reserve Bank Note
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751:Public Credit Act of 1869
637:Independent U.S. Treasury
425:1st Industrial Revolution
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275:Stephenson, Nathaniel W.
224:Democratic Party, led by
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676:Legal Tender Act of 1862
489:U.S. Treasury Department
320:Papers of Nelson Aldrich
245:(1972) 4#4 pp: 930–956.
791:National Gold Bank Note
746:Contraction Act of 1866
495:U.S. Treasury Secretary
53:more precise citations.
1290:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act
1161:Employment Act of 1946
926:Federal Reserve System
502:U.S. Treasury security
403:Tobacco Inspection Act
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1718:Lender of last resort
1394:William P. G. Harding
1196:Smithsonian Agreement
1126:Emergency Banking Act
952:Federal Reserve Banks
846:Juilliard v. Greenman
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705:National banks system
699:Interest bearing note
578:McCulloch v. Maryland
465:Bank of North America
441:U.S. dollar banknotes
387:Commercial Revolution
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1400:Daniel R. Crissinger
1284:FDIC Improvement Act
1184:Truth in Lending Act
1155:Bretton Woods system
1084:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
975:Federal Reserve Note
871:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
786:Currency Act of 1870
453:Bank of Pennsylvania
87:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
1150:Banking Act of 1935
1096:Federal Reserve Act
883:Federal Reserve Act
805:Coinage Act of 1873
779:Hepburn v. Griswold
729:Coinage Act of 1864
687:Fractional currency
665:Coinage Act of 1857
654:Coinage Act of 1853
643:Coinage Act of 1849
597:Coinage Act of 1834
514:Coinage Act of 1792
230:Federal Reserve Act
127:Federal Reserve Act
89:of 1908. After the
1553:Current presidents
1534:Christopher Waller
1424:Marriner S. Eccles
1138:Glass–Steagall Act
1048:Federal funds rate
833:Silver certificate
772:Legal Tender Cases
711:National Bank Note
693:National Bank Acts
681:United States Note
519:United States Mint
258:Meltzer, Allan H.
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827:Bland–Allison Act
821:Twenty-cent piece
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648:Three-cent silver
525:U.S. dollar coins
313:are available on
282:Wells, Donald R.
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414:Currency Acts
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91:Panic of 1907
88:
84:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1693:Central bank
1672:Mary C. Daly
1586:Philadelphia
1539:Lisa D. Cook
1519:Michael Barr
1472:Janet Yellen
1466:Ben Bernanke
1454:Paul Volcker
1412:Eugene Meyer
1406:Roy A. Young
1366:
1325:
1257:
1249:
1178:FOMC actions
1132:Regulation Q
1120:Regulation D
1089:
876:
844:
796:
777:
770:
695:(1863; 1864)
619:Free banking
576:
571:Suffolk Bank
477:Section VIII
416:(1751; 1764)
297:
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160:
151:
140:
82:
80:
65:
56:
37:
1662:Lorie Logan
1656:Kansas City
1652:Jeff Schmid
1646:Minneapolis
1474:(2014–2018)
1468:(2006–2014)
1462:(1987–2006)
1456:(1979–1987)
1450:(1978–1979)
1444:(1970–1978)
1438:(1951–1970)
1432:(1948–1951)
1426:(1934–1948)
1420:(1933–1934)
1414:(1930–1933)
1408:(1927–1930)
1402:(1923–1927)
1396:(1916–1922)
1390:(1914–1916)
1363:(2020–2021)
1341:(2009–2010)
1322:(2008–2010)
1316:(2008–2010)
1298:(2007–2010)
1190:Nixon shock
1157:(1944–1971)
1102:Pittman Act
1092:(1909–1912)
1075:Antecedents
879:(1909–1912)
861:(1890–1891)
841:(1879–1907)
835:(1878–1964)
823:(1875–1878)
810:Free silver
798:Knox v. Lee
793:(1870–1875)
764:(1870–1914)
742:(1865–1889)
736:(1864–1873)
725:(1863–1864)
719:(1863–1933)
707:(1863–1913)
701:(1863–1865)
689:(1862–1876)
683:(1862–1971)
672:(1861–1862)
670:Demand Note
661:(1853–1863)
650:(1851–1873)
639:(1846–1913)
633:(1842–1865)
627:(1836–1865)
621:(1836–1865)
612:(1840–1870)
593:, 1832–1836
587:, 1829–1842
573:, 1818–1858
567:, 1816–1836
556:(1812–1913)
550:(1793–1857)
544:(1793–1857)
533:(1792–1873)
521:(1792–1873)
510:(1791–1811)
493:1789–1913;
475:1787–1788;
467:(1781–1791)
461:(1781–1785)
455:(1780–1781)
449:(1775–1779)
437:(1776–1780)
428:(1760–1840)
390:(1607–1760)
143:World War I
51:introducing
1755:Categories
1513:Vice Chair
1114:Phelan Act
1005:Beige Book
942:Vice Chair
548:Large cent
236:References
214:Democratic
137:Background
106:Republican
34:references
1740:Sahm rule
1703:Fed model
1636:St. Louis
1596:Cleveland
1491:governors
1278:FIRRE Act
1244:DIDMC Act
1122:(c. 1930)
1036:Bank rate
967:Banknotes
947:Governors
542:Half cent
531:Half dime
482:Section X
157:Functions
147:bank runs
113:were the
1708:Fedspeak
1606:Richmond
1576:New York
1108:Edge Act
591:Bank War
365:pre–1913
271:in JSTOR
247:in JSTOR
133:system.
121:and the
59:May 2022
1728:History
1713:Fed put
1686:Related
1626:Chicago
1616:Atlanta
1489:Current
1353:(2010;
1347:(2009–)
1070:History
998:Reports
527:(1792–)
443:(1775–)
300:(2005).
293:(2005).
208:Effects
175:Reports
164:elastic
99:Senator
47:improve
1666:Dallas
1566:Boston
1380:Chairs
1371:(2024)
1330:(2009)
1310:(2008)
1304:(2008)
1292:(1999)
1286:(1991)
1280:(1989)
1274:(1987)
1268:(1987)
1262:(1985)
1254:(1981)
1246:(1980)
1240:(1978)
1234:(1978)
1228:(1978)
1222:(1977)
1216:(1977)
1210:(1975)
1204:(1974)
1198:(1971)
1192:(1971)
1186:(1968)
1174:(1956)
1168:(1951)
1146:(1934)
1140:(1933)
1134:(1933)
1128:(1933)
1116:(1920)
1110:(1919)
1104:(1918)
1098:(1913)
1086:(1908)
885:(1913)
873:(1908)
867:(1900)
855:(1890)
849:(1884)
829:(1878)
817:(1875)
801:(1871)
782:(1870)
581:, 1819
405:(1730)
315:FRASER
286:(2004)
262:(2004)
117:, the
111:dollar
36:, but
1503:Chair
937:Chair
119:franc
115:pound
359:and
183:The
123:mark
104:, a
81:The
187:in
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1073:(
918:e
911:t
904:v
367:)
363:(
349:e
342:t
335:v
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72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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