Knowledge (XXG)

National Action Party (Mexico)

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3499: 3780:, the president of the Human Rights Commission of the Federal District, for his lack of moral quality. The PAN, with the members of the Association of Catholic Lawyers, gathered signatures and turned them in to the Federal District Electoral Institute (IEDF) to void the abortion bill and force a referendum, which was also rejected by the IEDF. In May 2007, the PAN started a campaign to encourage rejections to perform abortion among doctors in the Federal District based on conscience. 3648: 5547: 5503: 5209: 5130: 3144: 3372: 38: 5460: 5417: 5370: 5300: 5056: 4982: 4904: 4830: 4787: 4746: 4705: 4664: 4623: 4586: 4549: 4512: 3737: 3156: 3301:, toward a greater affinity for the poor; however, more traditional Catholics were critical of that stance and nonreligious groups were also in opposition, since they wanted the party to be less explicitly Catholic and draw in more urban professionals and business groups, who would vote for a nonreligious opposition party. The conflict came to a head, and in 1977 the progressive Catholic wing left the party. 526: 1542: 3205: 1604: 3488: 6625: 4312: 4275: 3441: 170: 3772:(who was also featured on a TV spot promoting Vicente Fox in the 2000 presidential elections) and a second one that accuses the PRI and PRD of wanting to kill the unborn. After the abortion bill, which made abortion available, anonymous, and free or government-paid, was approved at the local legislature, the PAN requested the Human Rights Commission of the 4411: 4376: 4345: 4244: 4213: 4182: 4151: 4124: 4093: 4062: 4031: 3280:
the PAN and the Catholic Church was not without tension. The party's founder Gómez Morín was leery of clerical oversight of the party, although its members were mainly urban Catholic professionals and businessmen. For its part, the Church hierarchy did not want to identify itself with a particular political party, since the
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Party (PRI) that was widely and increasingly seen as corrupt. The PAN came to be viewed as viable opposition party for a wider range of voters as it became more secular and as Mexicans increasingly moved to cities. As the PAN increasingly called for end of fraud in Mexican elections, it appealed to a wider range of people.
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that generally did not win elections at any level. However, in the 1980s it began a transformation to a political power, beginning at the local and state levels in the North of Mexico. A split in the PAN occurred in 1977, with the pro-Catholic faction and the more secular wing splitting. The PAN had
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Efraín González Luna, a former member of the Mexican Catholic Student Union (Unión Nacional de Estudiantes Católicos) (UNEC), a long-time militant Catholic and practicing lawyer from Guadalajara, helped broker the party's informal alliance with the Catholic Church. However, the relationship between
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Until the 1980s, the PAN was a weak opposition party that was considered pro-Catholic and pro-business, but never garnered many votes. Its strength, however, was that it was pro-democracy and pro-rule of law, so that its political profile was in contrast to the dominant Institutional Revolutionary
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The PAN has been linked to a conservative stance in Mexican politics since its inception, but the party does not consider itself a fundamentally conservative party. The party ideology, at least in principle, is that of "National Action" which rejects a fundamental adherence to left- or right-wing
3825:, Carlos Abascal, during Fox's presidency and worked in the Calderón administration against abortion and same-sex civil unions. He called the latter as "anti-natural." He has publicly asked voters not to cast votes for "abortionist" parties and those who are in favor of homosexual relationships. 3228:
student organization, Unión Nacional de Estudiantes Católicos (UNEC), provided a well-organized network of adherents who successfully fought the imposition of a particular ideological view by the state. Gómez Morín was not himself a militant Catholic, but he was a devout believer who rejected
3219:, who had held a number of important government posts in the 1920s and 1930s. He saw the need for the creation of a permanent political party rather than an ephemeral organization to oppose the expansion of power by the post-revolutionary Mexican state. When Gómez Morín was rector of 3229:
liberalism and individualism. In 1939, Gómez Morín and a significant number of UNEC's leadership came together to found the PAN. The PAN's first executive committee and committees on political action and doctrine also had former Catholic student activists, including
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approved the law of civil unions to which the PAN also opposed. The PAN also lodged an unconstitutionality plea before the Supreme Court of Justice of the State of Coahuila, alleging that the constitution has vowed to protect the institution of the family.
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Gómez Morín founded the National Action Party of Mexico along with Roberto Cossío y Cosío, Juan Landerreche Obregón, Daniel Kuri Breña, Juan José Páramo Castro, Bernardo Ponce, Francisco Fernández Cueto, Carlos Ramírez Zetina and Enrique Manuel Loaeza
3776:(CDHDF) to enact actions on the unconstitutionality of the measure, the CDHDF rejected the request as it found no basis of unconstitutionality. After unsuccessfully appealing to unconstitutionality, the PAN declared that it may request the remotion of 3658:
politics or policies, instead requiring the adoption of such policies as correspond to the problems faced by the nation at any given moment. Thus both right- and left-wing policies may be considered equally carefully in formulation of national policy.
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and his associates. However, some observers consider the PAN claim to National Action politics to be weakened by the apparent persistent predominance of conservatism in PAN policy in practice. The PAN has similarities with Europe and Latin America's
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has faced multiple scandals, and allegations of corruption. Reforma who has run surveys of presidential approval since 1995, revealed EPN had received a mere 12% approval rating, the lowest since they started to survey for presidential approval.
3600:, who challenged the results of the election on possible grounds of electoral fraud. In addition to the presidency, the PAN won 206 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 52 in the Senate, securing it the largest single party blocs in both houses. 3223:
between 1933 and 1935, the government attempted to impose socialist education. In defending academic freedom, Gómez Morín forged connections with individuals and groups that later came together in the foundation of the PAN in September 1939. The
3615:. The PRI also obtained more municipal presidents and local congresspeople in Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Chiapas and Oaxaca. The PRD obtained more posts than the PAN in Zacatecas, Chiapas and Oaxaca. 6487: 6324:"PALABRAS DEL SECRETARIO DE GOBERNACIÓN, CARLOS ABASCAL CARRANZA, DURANTE EL DESAYUNO CON DIRECTIVOS DEL CENTRO DE REHABILITACIÓN INTEGRAL TELETON (CRIT) TLALNEPANTLA Y DIRECTIVOS DE LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN" 3579:
was elected to succeed Vicente Fox. Calderón was the son of one of the founders of the PAN, and was himself a former party president. He was selected as the PAN's candidate, after beating his opponents
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to the PRI. The former was considered one of the most important elections in the country because of the number of voters involved, which is higher than the elections for head of government of the
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of the same date, the Alliance won 46 out of 128 seats in the Senate. The Alliance broke off the following year and the PVEM has since participated together with the PRI in most elections.
6610: 3268:' reforms. In particular, it opposed his plan for free secular education, the nationalization of oil and land reform. The party, which at the time included personalities sympathetic to 3536:, in a state that would not normally be considered PAN territory, although its candidate was a member of the PRI until a few months before the elections. It also managed to hold on to 1335: 3821:
Guillermo Bustamente Manilla, a member of the PAN and the president of the National Parents Union (UNPF) is the father of Guillermo Bustamante Artasánchez, a law director of the
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This theory of National Action politics, rejecting a fundamental adherence to right or left, is held within a strongly Christian context, and falls under the umbrella of
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Ward, Peter. "Policy Making and Policy Implementation among Non-PRI Government: The PAN in Ciudad Juárez and in Chihuahua." In Victoria E. Rodríguez and Peter M. Ward,
2304: 1168: 3596:) in every voting round in the party primaries. On 2 July 2006, Felipe Calderón secured a plurality of the votes cast. Finishing less than one percent behind was 3544:(although in 2007, it lost most of the municipalities and the local Congress to the PRI). However, in 2005 the PAN lost the elections for the state government of 3186: 3634:. They also won 38 seats in the Senate (a gain of 3 seats), and 114 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (a loss of 28 seats). The government of president of Mexico 3528:
that was cancelled and later re-run, these developments were interpreted by some political analysts to be a significant rejection of the PAN in advance of the
6603: 3047: 1325: 6341: 3710: 1300: 245: 3348:, Michoacán) its first state deputy. In 1962, Rosario Alcalá (Aguascalientes) became the first female candidate for state governor and two years later 3304:
The PAN had strength in Northern Mexico and its candidates had won elections earlier on, but these victories were small in comparison to those of the
1563: 6519: 6297: 3237:, who became President of Mexico in 2006. The PAN's "Doctrine of National Action" was strongly influenced by Catholic social doctrine articulated in 3789: 3220: 484:
Notoriously, the two presidents of the Republic elected as PAN candidates (Vicente Fox and Felipe Calderón) have both left the party. Fox supported
6776: 6596: 3025: 6786: 6307: 5862: 5795: 1310: 1173: 6781: 6750: 3336:) became the first four federal deputies from the opposition in post-revolutionary Mexico. The following year, Manuel Torres Serranía from 2862: 2589: 2561: 1556: 1269: 3516:, the party won 30.74% of the popular vote and 153 out of 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. In 2003, the PAN lost the governorship of 2046: 6619: 5648: 423: 394: 6681: 6101: 3822: 3585: 3179: 2932: 1753: 1178: 1163: 340: 6645: 6588: 6074: 6036: 5998: 5903: 5833: 5774: 5753: 5309: 5140: 5065: 4991: 4917: 4839: 3631: 3474: 3305: 3037: 2937: 1320: 1183: 485: 438: 6399: 6323: 5554: 5496: 5216: 5123: 4421: 3597: 783: 6272: 5728: 469:, PAN won 38 seats in the Senate and 114 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, but the party did not win the presidential election in 6712: 3391:(Baja California) became the first opposition governor. Two years later, his future successor in the Baja California government, 3064: 1158: 3918: 437:
was elected president, the first time in 71 years that the Mexican presidency was not held by the traditional ruling party, the
6650: 6238:, see especially chapter 3 "The Transformation of Mexico’s National Action Party (PAN): From Civic Example to Political Power." 3966: 3462: 1816: 1295: 1243: 326: 241: 48: 6429: 4111: 5944: 5643: 3608: 3349: 978: 833: 690: 6655: 4231: 2359: 70: 5638: 5513: 5469: 5426: 5383: 5336: 5270: 5175: 5096: 5022: 4948: 4870: 4796: 4755: 4714: 4673: 4657: 4632: 4595: 4558: 4521: 4482: 4393: 4358: 4327: 4294: 4257: 4226: 4195: 4164: 4137: 4106: 4075: 4044: 4013: 3572: 3529: 3481: 3452: 3395:, became the first federal senator from the PAN. From 1992 to 2000, PAN candidates won the elections for governorships in 3172: 3003: 2877: 2852: 2802: 2772: 2730: 988: 848: 474: 470: 466: 458: 454: 446: 430: 2211: 5376: 4910: 4287: 3284:
forbade it. In the 1950s, the PAN, which had been seen to be Catholic in its makeup, became more ideologically secular.
509: 298: 182: 5715: 858: 6727: 6686: 3807: 3758: 3651: 3612: 3101: 2917: 2314: 1698: 1500: 1258: 1153: 1148: 1098: 913: 3769: 3392: 1038: 6691: 4505: 4080: 3852: 3846: 3477:(PRI) and its precursors after 71 years. It was a significant victory not only for the PAN, but Mexican democracy. 2720: 2544: 2066: 1663: 1618: 1315: 1305: 1143: 749: 6066: 5825: 4780: 3762: 3361: 2755: 2710: 2206: 1340: 1248: 1233: 1198: 1138: 1053: 4698: 3761:" in July 2005. It was during Fox's term, however, that the "morning-after" pill was legalized, even though the 3498: 6660: 3912: 3799: 3773: 3553: 3325: 3309: 3032: 2872: 2847: 2767: 2279: 2136: 1858: 1678: 1648: 1623: 1463: 1401: 1228: 878: 737: 571: 541: 354: 6349: 5614:
Shirk, David A. "Mexico's New Politics: The PAN and Democratic Change" Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers 2005.
4332: 3960: 3954: 3834: 3669: 3321: 3216: 3208: 2454: 1253: 90: 6480:"Legisladores mexicanos presentan recurso ante la Suprema Corte de Justicia contra la ley de uniones civiles" 6707: 4386: 3942: 3927: 3777: 3754: 2970: 2792: 2056: 1763: 633: 6717: 6527: 6217: 4579: 4018: 3906: 3894: 3803: 3604: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3513: 3298: 3116: 2922: 2907: 2897: 2892: 2827: 2787: 2760: 2740: 2735: 2289: 2236: 2221: 2051: 1988: 1721: 1688: 1673: 1490: 1330: 1238: 1188: 1063: 788: 727: 608: 230: 135: 5984: 3457: 2837: 2832: 2817: 2086: 1963: 1731: 1658: 1653: 1628: 1587: 1468: 973: 712: 670: 583: 546: 450: 5453: 5049: 4616: 3768:
The PAN produced a television spot against state-financed abortion, one that features popular comedian
3635: 3627: 3337: 3265: 3230: 818: 6382:"El PAN-DF, molesto porque Álvarez Icaza apoyó la despenalización, ahora pide la cabeza del ombudsman" 6665: 5818:"The Nationalist Action Party (PAN): From the Fringes of the Political System to the Heart of Change" 4542: 4398: 3714: 3674: 3345: 3281: 3123: 3010: 2882: 2429: 1643: 1380: 1373: 1103: 566: 6462:"New law propels gay rights in Mexico – (Coahuila moves boldly with civil unions as nation watches)" 1541: 4739: 4169: 3882: 3662: 3593: 3589: 3470: 3466: 3388: 3341: 3148: 3096: 3069: 2527: 2502: 2424: 2131: 1743: 1738: 1693: 1668: 1633: 1546: 1495: 1485: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1083: 697: 665: 576: 517: 399: 195: 6059:"The National Action Party (PAN): From the Fringes of the Political System to the Heart of Change" 3447:, first PANista to be elected president of Mexico (2000–06), ended more than 70 years of PRI rule. 6755: 5954: 5913: 5872: 3731: 3106: 3020: 2459: 2369: 2226: 1932: 1836: 1638: 1023: 722: 389: 223: 202: 187: 80: 5588:
El Partido de Acción Nacional: La larga marcha, 1939–1994: Oposición leal y partido de protesta.
5410: 4975: 4299: 4049: 3900: 3888: 3576: 3491: 3420: 3234: 442: 6722: 6303: 6097: 6070: 6058: 6032: 6017: 5994: 5988: 5940: 5934: 5899: 5893: 5858: 5852: 5829: 5817: 5791: 5785: 5770: 5764: 5749: 5540: 5202: 3740: 3647: 3521: 3400: 3357: 3353: 3245: 3059: 3042: 2532: 2434: 2379: 2364: 2349: 2339: 2299: 2294: 2186: 2091: 2081: 2076: 2036: 1748: 1703: 1517: 1480: 1387: 1345: 1118: 1108: 998: 963: 908: 853: 843: 838: 823: 813: 685: 215: 131: 60: 6026: 5743: 6732: 5168: 4200: 3698: 3293: 3273: 3015: 2965: 2960: 2444: 2399: 2394: 2374: 2329: 2246: 2171: 2121: 2061: 1885: 1603: 1512: 1473: 1408: 1394: 1203: 1048: 1018: 943: 893: 873: 868: 828: 803: 732: 650: 598: 588: 556: 551: 462: 422:) is a conservative political party in Mexico founded in 1939. The party is one of the main 6559: 6745: 5966: 5925: 5884: 5578:
Jesuit Student Groups, the Universidad Iberoamericana, and Political Resistance in Mexico.
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The PAN originally brought together the Mexican socio-economic elite opposed to President
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In 2009, the PAN held 33 seats in the Senate and 142 seats in the Chamber of deputies.
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presidential candidates in 2012 and 2018, while Calderón founded his own party named "
6770: 4363: 3948: 3936: 3702: 3517: 3412: 3365: 3329: 3239: 3091: 2599: 2464: 2384: 2309: 2251: 2241: 2231: 2191: 2181: 2151: 2116: 1910: 1821: 1505: 1366: 1113: 1093: 1028: 968: 863: 761: 702: 655: 645: 618: 6381: 426:, and since the 1980s has had success winning local, state, and national elections. 6363: 3545: 3074: 2927: 2912: 2902: 2887: 2867: 2857: 2842: 2822: 2812: 2807: 2797: 2782: 2777: 2750: 2745: 2725: 2715: 2627: 2584: 2579: 2512: 2449: 2419: 2389: 2216: 2161: 2141: 2026: 1993: 1973: 1831: 1806: 1595: 1218: 1088: 1068: 1058: 1013: 983: 903: 888: 744: 603: 561: 191: 6443: 3537: 3408: 3317: 3313: 3204: 525: 6091: 6012:
Don't Disturb the Neighbors: The United States and Democracy in Mexico, 1980-1995
3360:) became the first female federal deputy. In 1967, Norma Villarreal de Zambrano ( 6063:
Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts
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Symbolism and Ritual in a One-Party Regime: Unveiling Mexico's Political Culture
5822:
Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts
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had condemned the use of these kind of pills, calling them "abortion pills".
6130: 3111: 2677: 2672: 2645: 2604: 2594: 2539: 2409: 1998: 1937: 1843: 1726: 1213: 1043: 3440: 3794:
The PAN has opposed measures to establish civil unions in Mexico City and
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Los Partidos Políticos En México Y La Sucesión Presidencial Del Año 2012
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El PAN: Alternativa de poder o instrumento de la oligarquía empresarial.
3473:. Fox was the first opposition candidate to defeat the candidate of the 453:(the federal legislature) but lacked a majority in either house. In the 3549: 3424: 3404: 3269: 3250: 3128: 2660: 2620: 2414: 1863: 1780: 756: 5619:
The Alienated "Loyal" Opposition: Mexico's Partido de Acción Nacional.
6326:(in Spanish). Secretaría de Gobernación. 19 July 2005. Archived from 3525: 3225: 2692: 1848: 6542:"Padres de familia mexicanos piden no votar por partidos abortistas" 3520:
to the PRI and, the following year, failed to win back the state of
6501: 6364:"Improcedente, acción de inconstitucionalidad contra aborto: CDHDF" 5628:
pp. 135–52. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1995.
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was founded by another former UNEC member, Carlos Séptien García.
3203: 1915: 449:. In 2000–2012, PAN was the strongest party in both houses of the 3292:
The PAN initially was a party of "civic example", an independent
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The party theory was largely developed by early figures such as
1775: 6592: 6259: 3603:
In 2007, the PAN lost the governorship and the majority in the
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Mexico's Acción Nacional: A Catholic Alternative to Revolution
3532:. In contrast, 2004 did see the PAN win for the first time in 6299:
Partido Acción Nacional—los signos de la institucionalización
5597:, vol. 2, pp. 1048–1052. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997. 3713:. In general, PAN claims to support free enterprise and thus 4434:
Note: Only elections where the party won seats are listed.
6273:"Why Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto is so unpopular" 6583: 3611:, but kept both the governorship and the majority in the 3524:
from the PRI. Coupled with a bitterly fought election in
6520:"Mexico City's law on civil unions draws mixed reaction" 6400:"Invalida IEDF solicitud de referendum sobre el aborto" 6153:, vol. 2, p. 1048. Chicago: Fitzroy and Dearborn 1997. 3749:, secretary of the interior in the latter part of the 3387:
had, for the first time, members of the PAN. In 1989,
6422:"Inicia PAN-DF campaña contra el aborto en hospitals" 5787:
The Presidential Nominating Process: A Place for Us?
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Mexico's New Politics: The PAN and Democratic Change
477:. The members of this party are colloquially called 374: 6700: 6674: 6633: 6061:. In Mainwaring, Scott; Scully, Timothy R. (eds.). 5820:. In Mainwaring, Scott; Scully, Timothy R. (eds.). 3626:In 2012, the PAN lost the Presidential Election to 3461:("Alliance for Change"), formed by the PAN and the 3385:
Assembly of Representatives of the Federal District
367: 353: 339: 325: 311: 297: 267: 252: 237: 221: 211: 201: 181: 164: 152: 142: 126: 106: 86: 76: 66: 54: 44: 23: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6009: 5851:Bensusán, Graciela; Middlebrook, Kevin J. (2012). 5593:Loaeza, Soledad. "Partido de Acción Nacional." In 5573:, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press 2001. 3607:to the PRI as well as the municipal presidency of 5621:Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1974. 5580:Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2014. 3810:were the only legislators that voted against it. 3215:The National Action Party was founded in 1939 by 6166:Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press 2001. 6031:(3rd ed.). Praeger Publishers. p. 61. 5898:. University Press of New England. p. 214. 3272:, campaigned for Mexico's neutrality during the 3368:) became the first female municipal president. 6486:(in Spanish). 11 February 2007. Archived from 6444:"Aprueban la Ley de Sociedades de Convivencia" 6247:Loaeza, "Partido de Acción Nacional", p. 1051. 6175:Loaeza, "Partido de Acción Nacional", p. 1049. 5987:; Salazar-Elena, Rodrigo; Adler, Ilya (2010). 3469:won 42.5% of the popular vote and was elected 6604: 6584:Official website of the National Action Party 6255: 6253: 6028:Mexican Politics: The Containment of Conflict 3180: 1564: 8: 6124: 6122: 6120: 5993:. University of Arizona Press. p. 293. 3798:. On 9 November 2006, the government of the 3709:reforms as well. The PAN is a member of the 1795: 457:, the party won 207 out of 500 seats in the 6348:(in Spanish). 26 April 2007. Archived from 5604:. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press 1973. 3689:of Mexico's political spectrum, advocating 277: 6611: 6597: 6589: 3806:. The members of the PAN, and a member of 3711:Christian Democrat Organization of America 3540:(by a mere 3% margin against the PRI) and 3436:Electoral victory for the presidency, 2000 3187: 3173: 1582: 1571: 1557: 1301:Christian Democrat Organization of America 504: 20: 6560:"Biography of Adolfo Christlieb Ibarrola" 6342:"Difunde PAN spot Vs. aborto en Internet" 5790:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 118. 6428:(in Spanish). 8 May 2007. Archived from 6406:(in Spanish). 7 May 2007. Archived from 6260:History of the PAN. PAN official website 6149:, "Partido de Acción Nacional (PAN)" in 5857:. Oxford University Press. p. 347. 5748:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 57. 5590:Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económico 1999. 5229: 4441: 3989: 3813:The same year, the local legislature of 3790:Recognition of same-sex unions in Mexico 6216:Manzano, Alejandro (17 February 2021). 5681: 5660: 3784:Opposition to same-sex unions in Mexico 1594: 691:Friendly separation of church and state 516: 445:succeeded Fox following victory in the 6218:"El legado de la derecha en Chihuahua" 6090:Morales, Antonio Lugo (8 March 2012). 5962: 5952: 5939:. Duke University Press. p. 684. 5921: 5911: 5880: 5870: 5854:Organized Labor and Politics in Mexico 6292: 6290: 6288: 5936:Mexicans Would Not Be Bought, Coerced 5247: 4492: 4459: 3340:, Michoacán became the party's first 1311:European Christian Political Movement 1174:Christian Democratic Union of Germany 7: 5611:Mexico: Editorial Nuevo Imagen 1986. 3864:José Ángel Conchelo Dávila 1972–1975 3802:approved the first law establishing 3344:and Alfonso Hernández Sánchez (from 3297:updated its positions following the 5649:List of political parties in Mexico 5508:Coalition: For Mexico to the Front 5135:Coalition: For Mexico to the Front 1169:Christian Democratic People's Party 6682:Party of the Democratic Revolution 5769:. Pearson Education. p. 383. 3975:1.- Resigned to run for president 3876:Manuel González Hinojosa 1975–1978 3861:Manuel González Hinojosa 1969–1972 3840:Juan Gutiérrez Lascuráin 1949–1956 174: 14: 6646:Institutional Revolutionary Party 6136:. Congressional Research Service. 3613:state congress of Baja California 3508:States governed by the PAN (2024) 3475:Institutional Revolutionary Party 3306:Institutional Revolutionary Party 1321:Conservative Christian Fellowship 1184:Christian Social Union in Bavaria 486:Institutional Revolutionary Party 441:. Six years later, PAN candidate 6623: 5545: 5501: 5458: 5415: 5368: 5298: 5207: 5128: 5054: 4980: 4902: 4828: 4785: 4744: 4703: 4662: 4621: 4584: 4547: 4510: 4409: 4374: 4343: 4310: 4273: 4242: 4211: 4180: 4149: 4122: 4091: 4060: 4029: 3843:Alfonso Ituarte Servín 1956–1959 3154: 3142: 1602: 1540: 1159:Christian Democratic and Flemish 524: 169: 168: 36: 6651:Ecologist Green Party of Mexico 6526:. 16 March 2007. Archived from 6450:(in Spanish). 10 November 2006. 5690:"PAN – Partido Acción Nacional" 5626:Opposition Government in Mexico 5536: 5492: 5449: 5406: 5359: 5328: 5289: 5198: 5163: 5119: 5088: 5045: 5014: 4971: 4940: 4893: 4862: 4819: 4776: 4735: 4694: 4653: 4612: 4575: 4538: 4501: 3685:The PAN currently occupies the 3622:Return of the PRI to presidency 3494:, President of Mexico (2006–12) 3463:Ecologist Green Party of Mexico 1296:Centrist Democrat International 1179:Christian Social People's Party 242:Centrist Democrat International 6777:National Action Party (Mexico) 6502:"Calderón, cómplice del clero" 5644:History of democracy in Mexico 3858:Ignacio Limón Maurer 1968–1969 3350:Florentina Villalobos Chaparro 3332:) and Aquiles Elorduy García ( 1: 6164:Mexico’s Political Awakening. 5639:National Action Party Jalisco 3879:Avel Vicencio Tovar 1978–1984 3573:presidential election in 2006 431:2000 Mexican general election 6787:Right-wing parties in Mexico 6548:(in Spanish). 30 April 2007. 6508:(in Spanish). 24 April 2007. 6236:Mexico's Political Awakening 5933:Cornelius, Wayne A. (2002). 5892:Wiltse, Evren Çelik (2007). 5571:Mexico's Political Awakening 3933:Cecilia Romero Castillo 2014 3924:César Nava Vázquez 2009–2010 3375:Acción Juvenil official logo 3211:, founder of the PAN in 1939 6782:Political parties in Mexico 6728:Progressive Social Networks 6620:Political parties in Mexico 6025:Needler, Martin C. (1995). 5555:Fuerza y Corazón por México 5497:Andrés Manuel López Obrador 5217:Fuerza y Corazón por México 5124:Andrés Manuel López Obrador 4422:Fuerza y Corazón por México 4232:Diego Fernández de Cevallos 3870:Raúl González Schmall 1975 3867:Efraín González Morfín 1975 3652:Diego Fernandez de Cevallos 3598:Andrés Manuel López Obrador 3453:2000 presidential elections 3383:In 1988, the newly created 1326:Centre for European Studies 1259:Popular Republican Movement 1154:Christian Democratic Appeal 424:political parties in Mexico 231:Fuerza y Corazón por México 71:Julen Rementería del Puerto 6803: 6692:Solidarity Encounter Party 6564:Memoria Política de México 6370:(in Spanish). 11 May 2007. 6302:(in Spanish). UNAM. 2002. 6008:Mazza, Jacqueline (2001). 3853:Adolfo Christlieb Ibarrola 3787: 3759:weapon of mass destruction 3729: 3571:Significantly in the 2006 3530:2006 presidential election 2545:Traditionalist Catholicism 1316:Konrad Adenauer Foundation 1164:Christian Democratic Party 467:2012 legislative elections 455:2006 legislative elections 447:2006 presidential election 273:"Himno de Acción Nacional" 207:Centre-right to right-wing 6751:List of political parties 6741: 6388:(in Spanish). 5 May 2007. 6131:"Mexico's 2012 Elections" 6067:Stanford University Press 5826:Stanford University Press 5313: 5297: 5292: 5274: 5250: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5127: 5122: 5053: 5048: 4979: 4974: 4901: 4896: 4827: 4822: 4781:Carlos Salinas de Gortari 4462: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4146: 3823:Secretary of the Interior 3605:state congress of Yucatán 3586:Secretary of the Interior 3328:), Antonio L. Rodríguez ( 1341:Center for Public Justice 1199:Croatian Democratic Union 1139:American Solidarity Party 385: 372: 287:Anthem of National Action 238:International affiliation 35: 6096:. Palibrio. p. 91. 5895:Globalization and Mexico 5742:Shirk, David A. (2005). 5730:(«PAN, Poder e Iglesia») 3913:Manuel Espino Barrientos 3636:Enrique Peña Nieto (EPN) 3322:Juan Gutiérrez Lascurain 3033:Catholic social teaching 1464:Christian libertarianism 1402:Sollicitudo rei socialis 738:Environmental protection 542:Catholic social teaching 196:Christian democracy 6713:Social Democratic Party 5763:O'Toole, Gavin (2007). 4658:Luis Echeverría Álvarez 4430:Congressional elections 3919:Germán Martínez Cázares 3755:emergency contraception 3753:administration, called 3588:during Fox's term) and 3514:2003 mid-term elections 3455:, the candidate of the 3308:. In 1946, PAN members 3257:. The PAN's newspaper, 3149:Conservatism portal 2971:Conservative liberalism 1817:Family as a state model 1306:European People's Party 1144:Austrian People's Party 416:Partido Acción Nacional 203:Political position 29:Partido Acción Nacional 16:Mexican political party 6718:Social Encounter Party 6151:Encyclopedia of Mexico 5985:Adler-Lomnitz, Larissa 5766:Politics Latin America 5595:Encyclopedia of Mexico 4112:Efraín González Morfín 3986:Presidential elections 3907:Luis Felipe Bravo Mena 3895:Carlos Castillo Peraza 3804:civil unions in Mexico 3743: 3654: 3566:2005 Mexican elections 3562:2004 Mexican elections 3558:2003 Mexican elections 3509: 3495: 3448: 3376: 3362:San Pedro Garza García 3310:Miguel Ramírez Munguía 3299:Second Vatican Council 3212: 1796: 1331:European Ideas Network 609:Economic progressivism 415: 130:Av. Coyoacán No. 1546 113:; 85 years ago 111:16 September 1939 6641:National Action Party 6530:on 27 September 2007. 6410:on 27 September 2007. 6330:on 28 September 2007. 6204:Jesuit Student Groups 6186:Jesuit Student Groups 6016:. Routledge. p.  5784:Cook, Rhodes (2004). 5716:"Padrón de afiliados" 4333:Josefina Vázquez Mota 4288:Alianza por el Cambio 3961:Marcelo Torres Cofiño 3955:Damián Zepeda Vidales 3739: 3715:free trade agreements 3650: 3501: 3490: 3458:Alianza por el Cambio 3443: 3374: 3207: 3048:Hispanic conservatism 3038:Conservative feminism 2562:Traditionalist School 1469:Christian nationalism 1254:Polish People's Party 1224:National Action Party 713:Social market economy 671:Person Dignity Theory 584:Consistent life ethic 547:Christian corporatism 451:Congress of the Union 412:National Action Party 26:National Action Party 6490:on 13 November 2007. 6432:on 17 December 2007. 5696:(in Mexican Spanish) 5617:Von Sauer, Franz A. 4543:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 4506:Miguel Alemán Valdés 4387:Por México al Frente 4081:José González Torres 4019:Efraín González Luna 3967:Marko Cortés Mendoza 3943:Gustavo Madero Muñoz 3928:Gustavo Madero Muñoz 3847:José González Torres 3778:Emilio Álvarez Icaza 3675:Christian democratic 3575:, the PAN candidate 3282:Constitution of 1917 3249:(1931) and rejected 3124:Small-c conservative 3011:Anti-gender movement 1381:Graves de communi re 1374:Populorum progressio 81:Jorge Romero Herrera 49:Marko Cortés Mendoza 6352:on 20 January 2008. 5377:Alliance for Change 4911:Alliance for Change 4740:Miguel de la Madrid 4699:José López Portillo 4580:Adolfo López Mateos 4438:Chamber of Deputies 4170:Pablo Emilio Madero 3883:Pablo Emilio Madero 3663:Christian democracy 3594:governor of Jalisco 3471:president of Mexico 3467:Vicente Fox Quesada 3389:Ernesto Ruffo Appel 3342:municipal president 3161:Politics portal 3097:Right-wing politics 2528:Jewish conservatism 2503:Christian democracy 1969:Social institutions 1744:Collective identity 1739:Class collaboration 1547:Christianity portal 1486:Religious democracy 1452:Christian socialism 1447:Christian communism 1442:Christian anarchism 1149:Christian Democracy 698:Religious pluralism 666:Option for the poor 518:Christian democracy 459:Chamber of Deputies 299:Chamber of Deputies 6756:Politics of Mexico 6687:New Alliance Party 6656:Citizens' Movement 6524:Noticias de Oaxaca 5454:Enrique Peña Nieto 5050:Enrique Peña Nieto 4617:Gustavo Díaz Ordaz 3835:Manuel Gómez Morín 3744: 3732:Abortion in Mexico 3655: 3628:Enrique Peña Nieto 3510: 3496: 3449: 3393:Héctor Terán Terán 3377: 3231:Luis Calderón Vega 3217:Manuel Gómez Morín 3213: 3209:Manuel Gómez Morín 3021:Black conservatism 2950:Related ideologies 2540:Theravada Buddhism 1933:Organised religion 1837:Complementarianism 1336:Schuman Foundation 723:Sphere sovereignty 461:and 52 out of 128 390:Politics of Mexico 341:State legislatures 224:Electoral alliance 188:Christian humanism 91:Manuel Gómez Morín 6764: 6763: 6309:978-970-637-123-2 6281:. 31 August 2016. 6234:Vikram K. Chand, 6162:Vikram K. Chand, 5864:978-0-19-537738-5 5797:978-0-7425-2594-8 5607:Nuncio, Abraham. 5600:Mabry, Donald J. 5576:Espinosa, David. 5569:Chand, Vikram K. 5561: 5560: 5541:Claudia Sheinbaum 5223: 5222: 5203:Claudia Sheinbaum 4427: 4426: 3741:Luis Felipe Bravo 3681:Economic policies 3288:Electoral results 3246:Quadragesimo anno 3197: 3196: 3060:LGBT conservatism 3043:Conservative wave 2705:National variants 2574:Personal variants 2533:Religious Zionism 1749:Cultural heritage 1722:Ancestral worship 1581: 1580: 1518:Ethical socialism 1481:Liberal democracy 1388:Quadragesimo anno 1346:Paneuropean Union 1234:Nationalist Party 686:Religious liberty 408: 407: 395:Political parties 216:Roman Catholicism 56:Secretary-General 6794: 6733:Force for Mexico 6628: 6627: 6626: 6613: 6606: 6599: 6590: 6582: 6568: 6567: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6404:El Sol de México 6396: 6390: 6389: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6294: 6283: 6282: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6248: 6245: 6239: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6213: 6207: 6200: 6189: 6182: 6176: 6173: 6167: 6160: 6154: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6129:Seelke, Claire. 6126: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6051: 6045: 6042: 6021: 6015: 6004: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5964: 5960: 5958: 5950: 5929: 5923: 5919: 5917: 5909: 5888: 5882: 5878: 5876: 5868: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5810: 5804: 5801: 5780: 5759: 5737: 5731: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5686: 5669: 5665: 5549: 5533: 5505: 5489: 5462: 5446: 5419: 5403: 5372: 5356: 5325: 5302: 5286: 5230: 5226:Senate elections 5211: 5195: 5160: 5132: 5116: 5085: 5058: 5042: 5011: 4984: 4968: 4937: 4906: 4890: 4859: 4832: 4816: 4789: 4773: 4748: 4732: 4707: 4691: 4666: 4650: 4625: 4609: 4588: 4572: 4551: 4535: 4514: 4498: 4442: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4249: 4246: 4245: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4201:Manuel Clouthier 4187: 4184: 4183: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4036: 4033: 4032: 3990: 3981:Election results 3829:Party presidents 3800:Federal District 3774:Federal District 3699:small government 3590:Alberto Cárdenas 3554:Federal District 3505: 3482:senate elections 3326:Federal District 3294:loyal opposition 3274:Second World War 3233:, the father of 3189: 3182: 3175: 3159: 3158: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3102:Authoritarianism 3053:in United States 3016:Anti-immigration 2966:Communitarianism 2961:Clerical fascism 2207:Kuehnelt-Leddihn 1964:Social hierarchy 1886:Moral absolutism 1801: 1606: 1583: 1573: 1566: 1559: 1544: 1537: 1513:Social democracy 1474:Theoconservatism 1409:Centesimus annus 1395:Laborem exercens 1204:Democratic Rally 784:Arizmendiarrieta 733:Environmentalism 651:Multiculturalism 599:Dignity of labor 589:Cultural mandate 557:Communitarianism 552:Christian ethics 528: 505: 433:, PAN candidate 429:In the historic 381: 378: 376: 362: 348: 334: 320: 306: 291: 288: 285: 282: 279: 274: 262: 258: 226: 176: 172: 171: 122: 121: 119: 114: 102: 98: 61:Noemí Luna Ayala 57: 40: 21: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6746:Portal:Politics 6737: 6696: 6670: 6629: 6624: 6622: 6617: 6580: 6577: 6572: 6571: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6468:. 5 March 2007. 6460: 6459: 6455: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6398: 6397: 6393: 6380: 6379: 6375: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6340: 6339: 6335: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6310: 6296: 6295: 6286: 6271: 6270: 6266: 6258: 6251: 6246: 6242: 6233: 6229: 6222:Jacobin Revista 6215: 6214: 6210: 6201: 6192: 6183: 6179: 6174: 6170: 6161: 6157: 6145: 6141: 6133: 6128: 6127: 6118: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6069:. p. 196. 6055:Loaeza, Soledad 6053: 6052: 6048: 6039: 6024: 6007: 6001: 5983: 5980: 5976: 5961: 5951: 5947: 5932: 5920: 5910: 5906: 5891: 5879: 5869: 5865: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5836: 5828:. p. 196. 5814:Loaeza, Soledad 5812: 5811: 5807: 5798: 5783: 5777: 5762: 5756: 5741: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5723: 5714: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5672: 5666: 5662: 5657: 5635: 5584:Loaeza, Soledad 5566: 5534: 5531: 5490: 5487: 5447: 5444: 5411:Felipe Calderón 5404: 5401: 5357: 5354: 5326: 5323: 5294:Ernesto Zedillo 5287: 5284: 5228: 5196: 5193: 5161: 5158: 5117: 5114: 5086: 5083: 5043: 5040: 5012: 5009: 4976:Felipe Calderón 4969: 4966: 4938: 4935: 4891: 4888: 4860: 4857: 4824:Ernesto Zedillo 4817: 4814: 4774: 4771: 4733: 4730: 4692: 4689: 4651: 4648: 4610: 4607: 4573: 4570: 4536: 4533: 4499: 4496: 4440: 4432: 4414: 4410: 4379: 4375: 4348: 4344: 4315: 4311: 4300:Felipe Calderón 4278: 4274: 4247: 4243: 4216: 4212: 4185: 4181: 4154: 4150: 4127: 4123: 4096: 4092: 4065: 4061: 4050:Luis H. Álvarez 4034: 4030: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3901:Felipe Calderón 3889:Luis H. Álvarez 3831: 3792: 3786: 3734: 3728: 3723: 3721:Social policies 3691:free enterprise 3683: 3645: 3624: 3577:Felipe Calderón 3507: 3503: 3492:Felipe Calderón 3438: 3433: 3290: 3266:Lázaro Cárdenas 3235:Felipe Calderón 3202: 3193: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3134: 3133: 2994: 2986: 2985: 2951: 2943: 2942: 2706: 2698: 2697: 2575: 2567: 2566: 2508:Christian right 2498: 2490: 2489: 2270: 2262: 2261: 2012: 2004: 2003: 1954:Public morality 1949:Property rights 1923:Ordered liberty 1798:Noblesse oblige 1759:Culture of life 1754:Cultural values 1717: 1709: 1708: 1614: 1577: 1535:Politics portal 1533: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1459:Christian right 1431: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1360: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1291:Catholic Action 1285: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1244:Patriotic Union 1133: 1125: 1124: 1123: 933: 925: 924: 923: 778: 770: 769: 768: 681:Public morality 624:Just war theory 594:Culture of life 536: 503: 498: 443:Felipe Calderón 404: 373: 363: 360: 349: 346: 335: 332: 321: 318: 307: 304: 293: 289: 286: 283: 280: 275: 272: 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4428: 4425: 4424: 4418: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4399:Xóchitl Gálvez 4396: 4390: 4389: 4383: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4284: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4147: 4145: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3830: 3827: 3788:Main article: 3785: 3782: 3747:Carlos Abascal 3730:Main article: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3682: 3679: 3644: 3641: 3623: 3620: 3609:Aguascalientes 3582:Santiago Creel 3568:for results.) 3542:Aguascalientes 3502: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3417:Aguascalientes 3334:Aguascalientes 3289: 3286: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3184: 3177: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3164: 3163: 3151: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3085:Patriarchalism 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3007: 3006: 2999:Anti-communism 2995: 2993:Related topics 2992: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2981:Ordoliberalism 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2933:United Kingdom 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2758: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2624: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2555:Ultramontanism 2552: 2542: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1984:State religion 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1829: 1827:Fundamentalism 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1793: 1788: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1699:Traditionalist 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1599: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1568: 1561: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1539: 1538: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1437:Christian left 1433: 1432: 1430:Related topics 1429: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1412: 1405: 1398: 1391: 1384: 1377: 1370: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1249:People's Party 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1229:National Party 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1194:Civic Platform 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 935: 934: 931: 930: 927: 926: 922: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 780: 779: 776: 775: 772: 771: 767: 766: 765: 764: 754: 753: 752: 750:in Catholicism 742: 741: 740: 735: 725: 720: 715: 710: 708:Social justice 705: 700: 695: 694: 693: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 642: 641: 636: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 580: 579: 574: 569: 559: 554: 549: 544: 538: 537: 534: 533: 530: 529: 521: 520: 514: 513: 502: 499: 497: 494: 406: 405: 403: 402: 397: 392: 386: 383: 382: 370: 369: 365: 364: 359: 357: 351: 350: 345: 343: 337: 336: 331: 329: 323: 322: 317: 315: 309: 308: 303: 301: 295: 294: 271: 269: 265: 264: 254: 250: 249: 239: 235: 234: 227: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 205: 199: 198: 185: 179: 178: 173:277,665 (2023 166: 162: 161: 159:Acción Juvenil 156: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 132:Col. Del Valle 128: 124: 123: 108: 104: 103: 88: 84: 83: 78: 77:Chamber leader 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 58: 52: 51: 46: 42: 41: 33: 32: 28: 25: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6799: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6621: 6614: 6609: 6607: 6602: 6600: 6595: 6594: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6565: 6561: 6555: 6552: 6547: 6543: 6537: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6512: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6494: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6475: 6472: 6467: 6466:Free Republic 6463: 6457: 6454: 6449: 6445: 6439: 6436: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6395: 6392: 6387: 6383: 6377: 6374: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6356: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6311: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6231: 6228: 6224:(in Spanish). 6223: 6219: 6212: 6209: 6205: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6140: 6132: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6105: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6086: 6083: 6078: 6076:0-8047-4598-6 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6040: 6038:9780275952518 6034: 6030: 6029: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6013: 6006: 6002: 6000:9780816527533 5996: 5992: 5991: 5986: 5982: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5968: 5956: 5948: 5942: 5938: 5937: 5931: 5927: 5915: 5907: 5905:9781555536879 5901: 5897: 5896: 5890: 5886: 5874: 5866: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5845: 5842: 5837: 5835:0-8047-4598-6 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5806: 5799: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5782: 5778: 5776:9781405821292 5772: 5768: 5767: 5761: 5757: 5755:9781588262707 5751: 5747: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5722: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5682: 5675: 5664: 5661: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5627: 5623: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5548: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5331: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5295: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5236:Constituency 5231: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5170: 5169:Va por México 5166: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5125: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5051: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4977: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4899: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4825: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4494: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4448:Constituency 4443: 4437: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4419: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4364:Ricardo Anaya 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4292: 4289: 4285: 4283: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4252: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4221: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4101: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4070: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4042: 4039: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3985: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3949:Ricardo Anaya 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3937:Ricardo Anaya 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3819: 3816: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3725: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3703:privatization 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3659: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3500: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3435: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3373: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3300: 3295: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3277: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3255:class warfare 3252: 3248: 3247: 3242: 3241: 3240:Rerum novarum 3236: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3178: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3092:Right realism 3090: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3026:United States 3024: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2939: 2938:United States 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2563: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2047:Chateaubriand 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2011:Intellectuals 2008: 2007: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1859:Law and order 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1822:Family values 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1807:Ethical order 1805: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1664:Paternalistic 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1619:Authoritarian 1617: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1543: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1427: 1426: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1411: 1410: 1406: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1369: 1368: 1367:Rerum novarum 1364: 1363: 1356: 1355: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1284:Organizations 1281: 1280: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1239:New Democracy 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 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5881:|work= 5552:Coalition: 5524:10,107,537 5437:13,245,088 5431:13,126,478 5394:14,035,503 5388:13,889,159 5375:Coalition: 5364:Vicente Fox 5347:14,339,963 5341:14,208,973 5248:Presidency 5242:# of seats 5214:Coalition: 5186:10,049,375 5167:Coalition: 5107:10,096,588 5033:12,971,363 5027:12,895,902 4959:13,845,121 4953:13,753,633 4909:Coalition: 4898:Vicente Fox 4881:14,321,975 4875:14,212,032 4460:Presidency 4454:# of seats 4420:Coalition: 4403:16,502,697 4385:Coalition: 4368:12,609,472 4337:12,786,647 4304:15,000,284 4286:Coalition: 4267:15,989,636 4263:Vicente Fox 3707:libertarian 3670:Gómez Morín 3445:Vicente Fox 3243:(1891) and 2976:Corporatism 2956:Agrarianism 2918:South Korea 2913:Switzerland 2863:New Zealand 2858:Netherlands 2683:Thatcherism 2651:Pinochetism 2550:Integralism 2269:Politicians 2087:Tocqueville 2052:Czartoryski 1989:Stewardship 1979:Sovereignty 1959:Rule of law 1901:Natural law 1896:Nationalism 1869:Maternalism 1854:Imperialism 1812:Familialism 1791:Meritocracy 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1999:Tradition 1938:Orthodoxy 1844:Historism 1727:Authority 1689:Religious 1674:Pragmatic 1359:Documents 1214:Fine Gael 1099:Vogelsang 1094:Tindemans 1064:Pöttering 944:Andreotti 914:Vogelsang 859:Lamennais 465:. 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(See: 3534:Tlaxcala 3465:(PVEM), 3200:Founding 3070:Nativism 2873:Pakistan 2848:Malaysia 2768:Colombia 2688:Trumpism 2656:Putinism 2641:Metaxism 2635:Mellismo 2615:Gaullism 2585:Bukelism 2523:Islamism 2518:Hindutva 2497:Religion 2445:Fujimori 2435:Thatcher 2430:Vajpayee 2395:Pinochet 2380:Khomeini 2370:Dollfuss 2345:Adenauer 2300:Bismarck 2295:Disraeli 2257:Peterson 2197:Lefebvre 2182:Voegelin 2152:Mannheim 2137:Savarkar 2127:Spengler 2062:Karamzin 1891:Natalism 1879:Royalism 1764:Pro-Life 1669:Populist 1659:National 1654:Moderate 1629:Cultural 1613:Variants 1588:a series 1586:Part of 1491:Buddhist 1054:Pastrana 999:Korfanty 989:Ketteler 939:Adenauer 919:Williams 909:Tischner 869:Maritain 864:Leo XIII 854:Korfanty 849:Ketteler 839:Habsburg 819:Gebhardt 799:Berggrav 510:a series 508:Part of 479:Panistas 463:Senators 319:22 / 128 305:71 / 500 212:Religion 183:Ideology 6701:Defunct 6506:Proceso 6188:, p. 73 4571:6 / 162 4534:5 / 161 4497:4 / 147 4487:51,312 4319:Elected 4282:Elected 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Index


Marko Cortés Mendoza
Noemí Luna Ayala
Julen Rementería del Puerto
Jorge Romero Herrera
Manuel Gómez Morín
Col. Del Valle
Benito Juárez
Youth wing
Ideology
Christian humanism
Conservatism
Christian democracy
Political position
Roman Catholicism
Electoral alliance
Fuerza y Corazón por México
Centrist Democrat International
ODCA
Chamber of Deputies
Senate
Governorships
State legislatures
Mayors
pan.org.mx
Politics of Mexico
Political parties
Elections
political parties in Mexico
2000 Mexican general election

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