Census - Knowledge (XXG)

1056: 373:, data is collected at the agricultural holding unit. An agricultural holding is an economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form, or size. Single management may be exercised by an individual or household, jointly by two or more individuals or households, by a clan or tribe, or by a juridical person such as a corporation, cooperative or government agency. The holding's land may consist of one or more parcels, located in one or more separate areas or in one or more territorial or administrative divisions, providing the parcels share the same production means, such as labour, farm buildings, machinery or draught animals. 1243: 1221: 1199: 5302: 398:

people primarily by collecting answers sent by mail, on the internet, over the phone, or using shared information through proxies. These methods accounted for 95.5 percent of all occupied housing units in the United States. This reflects a realist approach to measurement, acknowledging that under any definition of residence there is a true value of the population but this can never be measured with complete accuracy. An important aspect of the census process is to evaluate the quality of the data.

513:"The unique advantage of the census is that it represents the entire statistical universe, down to the smallest geographical units, of a country or region. Planners need this information for all kinds of development work, including: assessing demographic trends; analysing socio-economic conditions; designing evidence-based poverty-reduction strategies; monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of policies; and tracking progress toward national and internationally agreed development goals." 483:

everyone is counted accurately. A system that allowed people to enter their address without verification would be open to abuse. Therefore, households have to be verified on the ground, typically by an enumerator visit or post out. Paper forms are still necessary for those without access to the internet. It is also possible that the hidden nature of an administrative census means that users are not engaged with the importance of contributing their data to official statistics.

1133:(UNFPA) has requested a global effort to assure that even where census is delayed, census planning and preparations are not cancelled, but continue in order to assure that implementation can proceed safely when the pandemic is under control. While new census methods, including online, register-based, and hybrid approaches are being used across the world, these demand extensive planning and preconditions that cannot be created at short notice. The continuing low supply of 1035: 1082: 338:, and information is typically collected about the household structure and the housing. For this reason, international documents refer to censuses of population and housing. Normally the census response is made by a household, indicating details of individuals resident there. An important aspect of census enumerations is determining which individuals can be counted and which cannot be counted. Broadly, three definitions can be used: 54: 823:("to estimate"). The census played a crucial role in the administration of the Roman government, as it was used to determine the class a citizen belonged to for both military and tax purposes. Beginning in the middle republic, it was usually carried out every five years. It provided a register of citizens and their property from which their duties and privileges could be listed. It is said to have been instituted by the Roman king 506:(UNFPA), "The information generated by a population and housing census – numbers of people, their distribution, their living conditions and other key data – is critical for development." This is because this type of data is essential for policymakers so that they know where to invest. Many countries have outdated or inaccurate data about their populations and thus have difficulty in addressing the needs of the population. 362:

different times e.g. students living at their place of education in term time but returning to a family home during vacations, or children whose parents have separated who effectively have two family homes. Census enumeration has always been based on finding people where they live, as there is no systematic alternative: any list used to find people is likely to be derived from census activities in the first place. Recent

93:(UN) defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every ten years. UN recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practices. 5288: 184: 1121:(field training and enumeration) or data processing/analysis stages. The census of agriculture's reference period is the agricultural year. Thus, a delay in any census activity may be critical and can result in a full year postponement of the enumeration if the agricultural season is missed. Some publications have discussed the impact of COVID-19 on national censuses of agriculture. 5326: 289: 166: 5314: 458:. This allows a simulated census to be conducted by linking several different administrative databases at an agreed time. Data can be matched, and an overall enumeration established allowing for discrepancies between different data sources. A validation survey is still conducted in a similar way to the post enumeration survey employed in a traditional census. 1376: 570:

assistants. Data can be represented visually or analysed in complex statistical models, to show the difference between certain areas, or to understand the association between different personal characteristics. Census data offer a unique insight into small areas and small demographic groups which sample data would be unable to capture with precision.

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dwelling are accessed. As a preliminary to the dispatch of forms, census workers will check any address problems on the ground. While it may seem straightforward to use the postal service file for this purpose, this can be out of date and some dwellings may contain a number of independent households. A particular problem is what are termed "

760:, and is still considered by scholars to be quite accurate. The population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households but on this occasion only taxable families had been taken into account, indicating the income and the number of soldiers who could be mobilized. Another census was held in AD 524:

The importance of the census of agriculture for development is that it gives a snapshot of the structure of the agricultural sector in a country and, when compared with previous censuses, provides an opportunity to identify trends and structural transformations of the sector, and points towards areas

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Triple system enumeration has been proposed as an improvement as it would allow evaluation of the statistical dependence of pairs of sources. However, as the matching process is the most difficult aspect of census estimation this has never been implemented for a national enumeration. It would also be

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Typically, census data are processed to obscure such individual information. Some agencies do this by intentionally introducing small statistical errors to prevent the identification of individuals in marginal populations; others swap variables for similar respondents. Whatever is done to reduce the

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For instance, when reporting data from a large city, it might be appropriate to give the average income for black males aged between 50 and 60. However, doing this for a town that only has two black males in this age group would be a breach of privacy because either of those persons, knowing his own

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In addition to making policymakers aware of population issues, the census is also an important tool for identifying forms of social, demographic or economic exclusions, such as inequalities relating to race, ethics, and religion as well as disadvantaged groups such as those with disabilities and the

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estimation for animal populations. Among census experts this method is called dual system enumeration (DSE). A sample of households are visited by interviewers who record the details of the household as at census day. These data are then matched to census records, and the number of people missed can

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is already known. However, a census is also used to collect attribute data on the individuals in the nation, not only to assess population size. This process of sampling marks the difference between a historical census, which was a house-to-house process or the product of an imperial decree, and the

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The pandemic has also affected the planning and implementation of censuses of agriculture in all world regions. The extent of the impact has varied according to the stages at which the censuses are, ranging from planning (i.e. staffing, procurement, preparation of frames, questionnaires), fieldwork

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will threaten the successful conduct of censuses of population and housing in many countries through delays, interruptions that compromise quality, or complete cancellation of census projects. Domestic and donor financing for census may be diverted to address COVID-19 leaving census without crucial

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Censuses have evolved in their use of technology: censuses in 2010 used many new types of computing. In Brazil, handheld devices were used by enumerators to locate residences on the ground. In many countries, census returns could be made via the Internet as well as in paper form. DSE is facilitated

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The sampling frame used by a census is almost always an address register. Thus, it is not known if there is anyone resident or how many people there are in each household. Depending on the mode of enumeration, a form is sent to the householder, an enumerator calls, or administrative records for the

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Early censuses in the 19th and 20th centuries collected paper documents which had to be collated by hand, so the statistical information obtained was quite basic. The government that owned the data could publish statistics on the state of the nation. The results were used to measure changes in the

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People with second homes because they are working in another part of the country or have a holiday cottage are difficult to fix at a particular address; this sometimes causes double counting or houses being mistakenly identified as vacant. Another problem is where people use a different address at

326:", a category that includes student residences, religious orders, homes for the elderly, people in prisons etc. As these are not easily enumerated by a single householder, they are often treated differently and visited by special teams of census workers to ensure they are classified appropriately. 357:

A precise definition of residence is needed, to decide whether visitors to a country should be included in the population count. This is becoming more important as students travel abroad for education for a period of several years. Other groups causing problems of enumeration are new-born babies,

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to count the population. This is the only way to be sure that everyone has been included, as otherwise those not responding would not be followed up on and individuals could be missed. The fundamental premise of a census is that the population is not known, and a new estimate is to be made by the

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data and are now part of a larger system of different surveys. Although population estimates remain an important function of a census, including exactly the geographic distribution of the population or the agricultural population, statistics can be produced about combinations of attributes, e.g.,

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Although the census provides useful statistical information about a population, the availability of this information could sometimes lead to abuses, political or otherwise, by the linking of individuals' identities to anonymous census data. This is particularly important when individuals' census

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Historical censuses used crude enumeration assuming absolute accuracy. Modern approaches take into account the problems of overcount and undercount, and the coherence of census enumerations with other official sources of data. For instance, during the 2020 U.S. Census, the Census Bureau counted

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There are sometimes problems in introducing new technology. The US census had been intended to use handheld computers, but cost escalated, and this was abandoned, with the contract being sold to Brazil. Online response has some advantages, but one of the functions of the census is to make sure

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strategy that randomly chooses a proportion of people to send a more detailed questionnaire to (the long form). Everyone receives the short form questions. This means more data are collected, but without imposing a burden on the whole population. This also reduces the burden on the statistical

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Other countries that have a population register use this as a basis for all the census statistics needed by users. This is most common among Nordic countries, but requires many distinct registers to be combined, including population, housing, employment and education. These registers are then

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Nowadays, census data are published in a wide variety of formats to be accessible to business, all levels of government, media, students and teachers, charities, and any citizen who is interested; researchers in particular have an interest in the role of Census Field Officers (CFO) and their

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ordered by royal cédula the preparation of a general description of Spain's holdings in the Indies. Instructions and a questionnaire, issued in 1577 by the Office of the Cronista Mayor, were distributed to local officials in the Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru to direct the gathering of

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departments made extensive use of census data. Population projections could be made, to help plan for provision in local government and regions. Central government could also use census data to allocate funding. Even in the mid 20th century, census data was only directly accessible to large

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By the beginning of the 20th century, censuses were recording households and some indications of their employment. In some countries, census archives are released for public examination after many decades, allowing genealogists to track the ancestry of interested people. Archives provide a

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A recent innovation is the French instigation of a rolling census programme with different regions enumerated each year, so that the whole country is completely enumerated every 5 to 10 years. In Europe, in connection with the 2010 census round, many countries adopted alternative census

104:(FAO), in turn, defines the census of agriculture as "a statistical operation for collecting, processing and disseminating data on the structure of agriculture, covering the whole or a significant part of a country." "In a census of agriculture, data are collected at the holding level." 155:

requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata, which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official counts used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions (sometimes controversially – e.g.,

479:. In the UK, all census formats are scanned and stored electronically before being destroyed, replacing the need for physical archives. The record linking to perform an administrative census would not be possible without large databases being stored on computer systems. 566:

government departments. However, computers meant that tabulations could be used directly by university researchers, large businesses and local government offices. They could use the detail of the data to answer new questions and add to local and specialist knowledge.

354:, may not be the best place to count them. Where an individual uses services may be more useful, and this is at their usual residence. An individual may be recorded at a "permanent" address, which might be a family home for students or long-term migrants. 346:

residence; and permanent residence. This is important in considering individuals who have multiple or temporary addresses. Every person should be identified uniquely as resident in one place; but the place where they happen to be on Census Day, their

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support and contribute to evidence-based agricultural planning and policy-making. The census information is essential, for example, to monitor the performance of a policy or programme designed for crop diversification or to address food security

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difficult to identify three different sources that were sufficiently different to make the triple system effort worthwhile. The DSE approach has another weakness in that it assumes there is no person counted twice (over count). In

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office. Indeed, in the UK until 2001 all residents were required to fill in the whole form but only a 10% sample were coded and analysed in detail. New technology means that all data are now scanned and processed. During the

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The use of alternative enumeration strategies is increasing but these are not as simple as many people assume and are only used in developed countries. The Netherlands has been most advanced in adopting a census using

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without any further access to the original database. As the final product does not contain any protected microdata, the model-based interactive software can be distributed without any confidentiality concerns.

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contribute to monitoring environmental changes and evaluating the impact of agricultural practices on the environment such as tillage practices, crop rotation or sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions;

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substantial historical record which may challenge established views. Information such as job titles and arrangements for the destitute and sick may also shed light on the historical structure of society.

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had a unique way to record census information. The Incas did not have any written language but recorded information collected during censuses and other numeric information as well as non-numeric data on

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Another method is simply to release no data at all, except very large scale data directly to the central government. Differing release strategies of governments have led to an international project (

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to protect against COVID-19 has immediate implications for conducting census in communities at risk of transmission. The UNFPA Procurement Office is partnering with other agencies to explore new

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of any type of statistics, and censuses collect data on many attributes of a population, not just the number of individuals. Censuses typically began as the only method of collecting national

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is named after the counting of the Israelite population according to the house of the Fathers after the exodus from Egypt. A second census was taken while the Israelites were camped in the "

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combined and brought up to the standard of a statistical register by comparing the data in different sources and ensuring the quality is sufficient for official statistics to be produced.

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abolished the mandatory long-form census. This abolition was a response to protests from some Canadians who resented the personal questions. The long-form census was reinstated by the

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be estimated by considering the numbers of people who are included in one count but not the other. This allows adjustments to the count for non-response, varying between different

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information. The questionnaire, composed of fifty items, was designed to elicit basic information about the nature of the land and the life of its peoples. The replies, known as "

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definitions individuals risk being recorded on more than one form leading to double counting. A particular problem here is students who often have a term time and family address.

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Another possibility is to present survey results by means of statistical models in the form of a multivariate distribution mixture. The statistical information in the form of

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A census is often construed as the opposite of a sample as its intent is to count everyone in a population, rather than a fraction. However, population censuses do rely on a

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funds. Several countries have already taken decisions to postpone the census, with many others yet to announce the way forward. In some countries this is already happening.

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provide baseline data both at the national and small administrative and geographical levels for formulating, monitoring and evaluating programmes and projects interventions;

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An accurate census can empower local communities by providing them with the necessary information to participate in local decision-making and ensuring they are represented.

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for policy intervention. Census data are used as a benchmark for current statistics and their value is increased when they are employed together with other data sources.

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and for the estimation of the non-observed economy, which plays an important role in the compilation of the national accounts and the economic accounts for agriculture.

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Salant, Priscilla, and Don A. Dillman. "How to Conduct your own Survey: Leading professional give you proven techniques for getting reliable results." (1995)

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systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the same level of detail but raise concerns about privacy and the possibility of biasing estimates.

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such as an address register. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in

1678: 5794: 5741: 1757: 5774: 2967: 2822: 2769: 2344: 2033: 2029: 1356: 1291: 3338: 3038: 634: 1816: 1529: 1251: 2452: 2078: 2047: 5840: 3942: 3090: 2474: 1043: 5891: 5881: 5330: 5731: 5721: 2578: 2088: 1702: 5886: 4725: 4617: 2174: 1304: 275: 101: 5876: 5871: 1732: 162:). In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide more accurate information than attempts to get a population census. 5934: 4903: 4777: 1021: 626:

privacy risk, new improved electronic analysis of data can threaten to reveal sensitive individual information. This is known as

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at which time the number of arms-bearing citizens was supposedly counted at around 80,000. When the Romans conquered Judea in AD

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Agency, Contingency and Census Process: Observations of the 2006 Indigenous Enumeration Strategy in Remote Aboriginal Australia

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in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population; typically, main population estimates are updated by such

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form, but even aggregate-level data can result in privacy breaches when dealing with small areas and/or rare subpopulations.

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Paul Cartledge, Peter Garnsey, Erich S. Gruen Hellenistic Constructs: Essays in Culture, History, and Historiography 242 ss.

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is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating population information about the members of a given

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groups. An explanation using a fishing analogy can be found in "Trout, Catfish and Roach..." which won an award from the

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provide relevant data on work inputs and main work activities, as well as on the labour force in the agriculture sector;

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Nishijima, Sadao (1986), "The economic and social history of Former Han", in Twitchett, Denis; Loewe, Michael (eds.),

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D. Valbelle. "Les recensements dans l'Egypte pharaonique des troisième et deuxième millénaires" CRIPEL 9 (1987) 37–49.

1242: 1220: 1198: 836: 5035: 5002: 1004:", were written between 1579 and 1585 and were returned to the Cronista Mayor in Spain by the Council of the Indies. 256: 194: 2698: 2678: 1880: 5007: 4750: 4509: 4415: 4395: 4303: 4014: 3832: 3315: 3187: 1013: 228: 4181: 3947: 3805: 213: 198: 5863: 5804: 5632: 5485: 5410: 4767: 4535: 4256: 4110: 4039: 3959: 3817: 3798: 3506: 3227: 1017: 476: 411: 116: 4880: 401:

Many countries use a post-enumeration survey to adjust the raw census counts. This works in a similar manner to

5250: 5017: 4565: 4530: 4494: 4279: 3721: 3630: 3589: 3501: 3192: 3031: 1229: 4287: 4271: 2127: 1635: 1346: 1276: 1211: 956:) was undertaken in 1328, mostly for fiscal purposes. It estimated the French population at 16 to 17 million. 235: 2230:

Missiakoulis, Spyros (2010). "Cecrops, King of Athens: the First (?) Recorded Population Census in History".

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provide data to facilitate research, investment and business decisions both in the public and private sector;

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population and apportion representation. Population estimates could be compared to those of other countries.

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refugees, people away on holiday, people moving home around census day, and people without a fixed address.

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One researcher spent time observing... the training of Census Field Officers (CFO) and their assistants....

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World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1 – Programme, concepts and definitions

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began conducting regular censuses soon after its formation, beginning with the one ordered by the second

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297 was based on quindecennial censuses and formed the basis for dating in late antiquity and under the

434: 242: 132: 86: 5301: 4191: 2264: 1554: 115:, the census was a list of all adult males fit for military service. The modern census is essential to 2594:

al-Qādī, Wadād (July 2008). "Population Census and Land Surveys under the Umayyads (41–132/661–750)".

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so that he could properly tax the land he had recently conquered. In 1183, a census was taken of the

927: 678: 642: 439: 136: 5919: 5845: 5814: 5567: 5475: 5450: 5292: 5217: 5140: 4821: 4585: 4578: 4540: 4448: 4428: 4400: 4133: 3999: 3994: 3984: 3976: 3794: 3755: 3645: 3635: 3544: 3323: 3279: 3197: 3122: 3024: 2275: 1753: 1645:, United Nations Secretariat, Dept of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division, Tech Report 1606: 840: 781: 455: 415: 224: 152: 125: 4867: 2554: 2286: 1903:"Population Estimation Using a 3D City Model: A Multi-Scale Country-Wide Study in the Netherlands" 1781:(2014). "Whither the census? Continuity and change in census methodologies worldwide, 1985–2014". 1034: 5662: 5577: 5552: 5524: 5497: 5432: 5306: 5117: 4971: 4816: 4692: 4589: 4573: 4550: 4327: 4061: 4044: 4004: 3915: 3810: 3772: 3743: 3703: 3663: 3609: 3526: 3212: 3207: 2880: 2828: 2775: 2670: 2611: 2426: 2247: 1798: 994: 900: 880: 657:

also promote standardising metadata, so that best use can be made of the minimal data available.

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methodologies, often based on the combination of data from registers, surveys and other sources.

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World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1: Programme, concepts and definitions

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An enumerator conducting a census survey using a mobile phone-based questionnaire in the rural

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Bielenstein, Hans, (1978). "Wang Mang, the restoration of the Han dynasty, and Later Han." In

2818: 2765: 2574: 2444: 2340: 2084: 2025: 1942: 1352: 1287: 1113: 1039: 863:, speculate that this passage refers to a separate registration conducted during the reign of 443: 402: 2336: 2022:

A Cultural History of the British Census: Envisioning the Multitude in the Nineteenth Century

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PR as a function of census management: comparative analysis of fifteen census experiences

2182: 1994:"Excavations in 2014 at Wade Street, Bristol - a documentary and archaeological analysis" 442:

there was controversy about the cessation of the mandatory long form census; the head of

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

859:; based on variant readings of this passage, a minority of biblical scholars, including 5705: 5587: 5582: 5562: 5537: 5532: 5470: 5445: 5103: 5098: 3561: 3491: 3137: 1937: 1902: 1257:

Impact of COVID-19 on national censuses of agriculture (Status overview) (2020)

856: 852: 733: 653:) to co-ordinate access to microdata and corresponding metadata. Such projects such as 550: 546: 491: 363: 301: 144: 112: 97: 90: 2985: 5908: 5749: 5726: 5642: 5604: 5542: 5395: 5260: 5227: 5090: 5051: 4862: 4831: 4295: 4249: 3854: 3556: 3383: 3147: 3142: 3011: 2939: 2884: 2832: 2779: 2615: 2543: 2430: 2329: 2251: 2243: 1802: 1171: 1060: 919: 158: 3413: 2960:

Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220

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As governments assumed responsibility for schooling and welfare, large government

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provide an important information base for monitoring some key indicators of the

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There are several accounts of ancient Greek city states carrying out censuses.

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Several countries have used a system known as short form/long form. This is a

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Trout, Catfish and Roach: The beginner's guide to census population estimates

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movement and several failed rebellions against Rome ultimately ending in the

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for tax purposes, which was partially responsible for the development of the

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Yoon, H. (1985). "An early Chinese idea of a dynamic environmental cycle".

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Biljecki, F.; Arroyo Ohori, K.; Ledoux, H.; Peters, R.; Stoter, J. (2016).

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guidelines provide recommendations on enumerating such complex households.

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Acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population

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hair or cotton cords with numeric and other values encoded by knots in a

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income and the reported average, could determine the other man's income.

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Impact of COVID-19 on national censuses of agriculture (Status overview)

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How Covid-19 is changing the world: a statistical perspective, Volume II

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Cambridge History of China: The Ch'in and Han Empires 221 B.C.–A.D. 220

2119: 1375: 1176: – Record of the real estate venues of the papacy from 492 to 1192 982: 938: 931: 741: 689: 486:

Alternatively, population estimations may be carried out remotely with

381: 165: 36: 2907:

Behrisch, Lars. (2016) "Statistics and Politics in the 18th Century."

1031:, that estimated the 1929 world population to be roughly 1.8 billion. 752:

One of the world's earliest preserved censuses was held in China in AD

5835: 4168: 4142: 4122: 3373: 3164: 2814: 2761: 2006: 1993: 978: 970: 903: 844: 789: 542: 293: 89:, traditional culture, business, supplies, and traffic censuses. The 44: 40: 28: 2859:"Censuses of agriculture and COVID-19: Global situation and lessons" 2666: 541:

Political considerations influence the census in many countries. In

2804: 2751: 1255: 1233: 740:

performed a census that produced disastrous results. His son, King

1277:

Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses

1054: 1033: 974: 946: 942: 811: 737: 717: 700:

several censuses were conducted in Egypt by government officials.

650: 380: 287: 108: 52: 2506:

Rome and China: comparative perspectives on ancient world empires

3107: 2534: 2517: 907: 654: 5346: 5076: 4643: 4390: 3689: 3459: 3076: 3020: 475:

by computer matching techniques that can be automated, such as

2390: 2388: 2362:"China – Facts and Details: Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – A.D. 220)" 1963: 1351:. FAO statistical development series No. 15. Rome: FAO. 2015. 1075: 177: 169:

A world map showing countries' most recent censuses as of 2020

139:. Modern census data are commonly used for research, business 3016: 2984: 1379:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

1401:"History and Development of the Census in England and Wales" 1235:

National agricultural census operations and COVID-19

545:

in 2010 for example, the government under the leadership of

450:, resigned upon the federal government's decision to do so. 2962:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 545–607, 1526:"Measurement of emerging forms of families and households" 1012:

The earliest estimate of the world population was made by

5770:

Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey

2700:

Technical Brief on the Implications of COVID-19 on Census

573:

In the census of agriculture, users need census data to:

426:

residence definitions this would not be a problem but in

305:

analysis of primary data. The use of a sampling frame is

855:

makes reference to Quirinius' census in relation to the

1162:

List of national and international statistical services

1027:

In 1931, Walter Willcox published a table in his book,

124:

education by age and sex in different regions. Current

2921:

Krüger, Stephen, (Fall 1991). "The Decennial Census",

2909:

Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung

2640:"International Migrations, Volume II: Interpretations" 2475:"Census Commissioner of India – Historical Background" 1964:"Census | UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund" 1182: – Ethnic identity questions on national censuses 867:, several years before Quirinius' census. The 15-year 1634:

World Population and Housing Census Programme (2010)

1602:"The 1991 Census Adjustment: Undercount or Bad Data?" 688:, required every Egyptian to declare annually to the 4929:

Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)

2940:

Effects of UK 'Jedi' hoax on 2001 UK census from ONS

2806:

National agricultural census operations and COVID-19

2490:

The records of census conducted appears from 300 BC.

1553:. United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from 1381:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)

1286:. Statistical Papers: Series M No. 67/Rev. 2. p. 8. 5836:

European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research

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Online Historical Population Reports Project (OHPR)

2173:Grim J, Hora J, Somol P, Boček P, Pudil, P (2010). 2149:"Managing Confidentiality and Learning about SEIFA" 1853:"The French Rolling Census: a decade of experience" 1817:"Register-based statistics in the Nordic countries" 1029:

International Migrations: Volume II Interpretations

2331:Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture 2328: 641:) can be derived interactively from the estimated 2573:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. pp. 88–89. 724:to be paid with the census for the upkeep of the 5831:American Association for Public Opinion Research 5790:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1636:Post Enumeration Surveys: Operational guidelines 4477:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) 2151:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2006-04-18. 1188: – Research conducted by social scientists 744:, had all of the foreigners in Israel counted. 5785:List of household surveys in the United States 2179:Journal of Official Statistics, vol. 26, no. 4 1729:"Text of Munir Sheikh's resignation statement" 81:. This term is used mostly in connection with 5851:World Association for Public Opinion Research 5358: 3032: 2378:Twitchett, D., Loewe, M., and Fairbank, J.K. 999: 57:A census taker visits a family of indigenous 8: 5800:Suffolk University Political Research Center 2952:U.S. Census Press Release on Soundex and WPA 2382:. Cambridge University Press (1986), p. 240. 1958: 1956: 1246: This article incorporates text from a 1224: This article incorporates text from a 1202: This article incorporates text from a 810:The English term is taken directly from the 716:Censuses are mentioned several times in the 1877:"2010 Population Census Round – Confluence" 692:, "whence he gained his living". Under the 212:. 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Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO ( 1059:A census taker interviews a resident of 334:Individuals are normally counted within 164: 83:national population and housing censuses 5810:Quinnipiac University Polling Institute 2058:from the original on September 20, 2018 1268: 1020:in 1741, revised in 1762; the third by 5795:New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study 5742:Comparative Study of Electoral Systems 5003:Kaplan–Meier estimator (product limit) 2902:Counting People: The Census in History 776:is thought to have occurred around 330 2693: 2691: 2335:. Columbia University Press. p. 952:The first national census of France ( 7: 5313: 5013:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model 2995:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). 1911. 2097:from the original on 20 January 2023 2046:Jennifer Ditchburn (June 29, 2010). 1496: 1494: 1439:"Amar_darolkhaneh_Tarikhema_org.pdf" 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 210:adding citations to reliable sources 5841:International Statistical Institute 5325: 4608:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova) 2925:Western State University Law Review 2327:(2000). John Stewart Bowman (ed.). 1044:International Statistical Institute 5732:American National Election Studies 5722:List of comparative social surveys 4703:Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics 3329:Pearson product-moment correlation 25: 2904:. Harcourt, Brace & Company. 2508:. Oxford University Press, p. 28. 2455:from the original on 14 July 2021 2181:. pp. 673–94. 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Archived from 837:Publius Sulpicius Quirinius 673:first appeared in the late 5951: 4768:Multivariate distributions 3188:Average absolute deviation 1705:. Ons.gov.uk. 2001-04-29. 1581:Brennan Center for Justice 1148: 1014:Giovanni Battista Riccioli 1008:World population estimates 799: 720:narrative. God commands a 26: 5859: 5805:The Phillips Academy Poll 5633:Exploratory data analysis 5486:Sample size determination 5282: 5085: 5072: 4756:Structural equation model 4664: 4639: 4410: 4386: 4118: 4092:Score/Lagrange multiplier 3698: 3685: 3507:Sample size determination 3468: 3455: 3085: 3072: 3054: 2900:Alterman, Hyman, (1969). 2869:(4). IOS Press: 861–865. 2020:Kathrin Levitan (auth.), 1795:10.1007/s12546-014-9139-z 1731:. 680News. Archived from 1089:This section needs to be 964:In the 15th century, the 635:conditional distributions 477:propensity score matching 412:Royal Statistical Society 117:international comparisons 5251:Environmental statistics 4773:Elliptical distributions 4566:Generalized linear model 4495:Simple linear regression 4265:Hodges–Lehmann estimator 3722:Probability distribution 3631:Stochastic approximation 3193:Coefficient of variation 2638:Willcox, Walter (1931). 2445:"Han Dynasty Government" 2120:"The Census and Privacy" 2077:Morphy, Frances (2007). 784:under the leadership of 557:Census data and research 309:as it suggests that the 27:Not to be confused with 5935:Latin words and phrases 5746:Emerson College Polling 5638:Multivariate statistics 5481:Nonprobability sampling 4911:Cross-correlation (XCF) 4519:Non-standard predictors 3953:Lehmann–Scheffé theorem 3626:Adaptive clinical trial 2992:Encyclopædia Britannica 2934:(subscription required) 2857:Castano, Jairo (2020). 1275:United Nations (2008). 995:King Philip II of Spain 602:subsistence agriculture 324:communal establishments 87:censuses of agriculture 5755:European Social Survey 5737:Asian Barometer Survey 5628:Descriptive statistics 5513:Cross-sequential study 5466:Simple random sampling 5307:Mathematics portal 5128:Engineering statistics 5036:Nelson–Aalen estimator 4613:Analysis of covariance 4500:Ordinary least squares 4424:Pearson product-moment 3828:Statistical functional 3739:Empirical distribution 3572:Controlled experiments 3301:Frequency distribution 3079:Descriptive statistics 3000:Census of Ireland 1911 2608:10.1515/ISLAM.2006.015 1068: 1047: 1018:Johann Peter Süssmilch 1001:relaciones geográficas 1000: 515: 394: 377:Enumeration strategies 297: 170: 70: 5930:Sampling (statistics) 5765:General Social Survey 5648:Statistical inference 5508:Cross-sectional study 5223:Population statistics 5165:System identification 4899:Autocorrelation (ACF) 4827:Exponential smoothing 4741:Discriminant analysis 4736:Canonical correlation 4600:Partition of variance 4462:Regression validation 4306:(Jonckheere–Terpstra) 4205:Likelihood-ratio test 3894:Frequentist inference 3806:Location–scale family 3727:Sampling distribution 3692:Statistical inference 3659:Cross-sectional study 3646:Observational studies 3605:Randomized experiment 3434:Stem-and-leaf display 3236:Central limit theorem 1992:Corcos, Nick (2017). 1621:10.1214/ss/1177010259 1600:Breiman, Leo (1994). 1167:Languages in censuses 1145:Modern implementation 1058: 1037: 1016:in 1661; the next by 871:cycle established by 677:and developed in the 511: 384: 330:Residence definitions 291: 168: 137:intercensal estimates 56: 5686:Audience measurement 5623:Level of measurement 5456:Sampling for surveys 5146:Probabilistic design 4731:Principal components 4574:Exponential families 4526:Nonlinear regression 4505:General linear model 4467:Mixed effects models 4457:Errors and residuals 4434:Confounding variable 4336:Bayesian probability 4314:Van der Waerden test 4304:Ordered alternative 4069:Multiple comparisons 3948:Rao–Blackwellization 3911:Estimating equations 3867:Statistical distance 3585:Factorial experiment 3118:Arithmetic-Geometric 1998:Internet Archaeology 935:Kingdom of Jerusalem 928:William I of England 922:was undertaken in AD 772:The oldest recorded 553:government in 2016. 440:2011 Canadian census 206:improve this section 5846:Pew Research Center 5815:World Values Survey 5558:Specification error 5476:Stratified sampling 5218:Official statistics 5141:Methods engineering 4822:Seasonal adjustment 4590:Poisson regressions 4510:Bayesian regression 4449:Regression analysis 4429:Partial correlation 4401:Regression analysis 4000:Prediction interval 3995:Likelihood interval 3985:Confidence interval 3977:Interval estimation 3938:Unbiased estimators 3756:Model specification 3636:Up-and-down designs 3324:Partial correlation 3280:Index of dispersion 3198:Interquartile range 2809:. 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Govt. of India. 2423:10.1007/bf00150742 2397:, pp. 595–96. 2052:The Globe and Mail 1684:2012-03-14 at the 1661:2012-01-07 at the 1641:2012-05-03 at the 1386:2019-11-24 at the 1282:2011-05-14 at the 1069: 1048: 414:for excellence in 395: 298: 171: 71: 5902: 5901: 5618:Contingency table 5593:Processing errors 5578:Non-response bias 5568:Measurement error 5548:Systematic errors 5340: 5339: 5278: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5213:National accounts 5183:Actuarial science 5175:Social statistics 5068: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5060: 5059: 4995:Survival function 4980: 4979: 4842:Granger causality 4683:Contingency table 4658:Survival analysis 4635: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4487:Linear regression 4382: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4353:Credible interval 4322: 4321: 4105: 4104: 3921:Method of moments 3790:Parametric family 3751:Statistical model 3681: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3595:Random assignment 3517:Statistical power 3451: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3296:Contingency table 3266: 3265: 3133:Generalized/power 2969:978-0-521-24327-8 2824:978-92-5-132402-8 2771:978-92-5-132604-6 2449:Facts and Details 2346:978-0-231-11004-4 2313:2 Chronicles 2:17 2034:978-0-230-33760-2 2030:978-1-349-29824-2 1479:Scotland's Census 1358:978-92-5-108865-4 1292:978-92-1-161505-0 1114:COVID-19 pandemic 1110: 1109: 1067:, in October 2020 1040:League of Nations 993:On May 25, 1577, 671:Censuses in Egypt 502:According to the 444:Statistics Canada 403:capture-recapture 369:In the census of 286: 285: 278: 260: 16:(Redirected from 5942: 5613:Categorical data 5367: 5360: 5353: 5344: 5328: 5327: 5316: 5315: 5305: 5304: 5290: 5289: 5193:Crime statistics 5087: 5074: 4991: 4957:Fourier analysis 4944:Frequency domain 4924: 4871: 4837:Structural break 4797: 4746:Cluster analysis 4693:Log-linear model 4666: 4641: 4582: 4556:Homoscedasticity 4412: 4388: 4307: 4299: 4291: 4290:(Kruskal–Wallis) 4275: 4260: 4215:Cross validation 4200: 4182:Anderson–Darling 4129: 4116: 4087:Likelihood-ratio 4079:Parametric tests 4057:Permutation test 4040:1- & 2-tails 3931:Minimum distance 3903:Point estimation 3899: 3850:Optimal decision 3801: 3700: 3687: 3669:Quasi-experiment 3619:Adaptive designs 3470: 3457: 3334:Rank correlation 3096: 3087: 3074: 3041: 3034: 3027: 3018: 2996: 2988: 2973: 2935: 2889: 2888: 2878: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2844: 2815:10.4060/ca8605en 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2762:10.4060/ca8984en 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2732: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2705: 2695: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2644: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2569:(9 March 1993). 2567:Wright, Nicholas 2563: 2557: 2552: 2546: 2532: 2526: 2515: 2509: 2502:Scheidel, Walter 2499: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2404: 2398: 2395:Nishijima (1986) 2392: 2383: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2364:. 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ANU E Press. 2076: 2075: 2071: 2061: 2059: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2019: 2015: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1975: 1962: 1961: 1954: 1913:(6): e0156808. 1900: 1899: 1895: 1886: 1884: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1862: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1763: 1761: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1738: 1736: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1712: 1710: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1686:Wayback Machine 1677: 1673: 1663:Wayback Machine 1653: 1649: 1643:Wayback Machine 1633: 1629: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1585: 1583: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1560: 1558: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1535: 1533: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1510: 1508: 1500: 1499: 1492: 1483: 1481: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1414: 1412: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1388:Wayback Machine 1368: 1366: 1359: 1345: 1344: 1333: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1284:Wayback Machine 1274: 1270: 1266: 1260:, FAO, FAO. 1238:, FAO, FAO. 1216:, FAO, FAO. 1195: 1186:Social research 1158: 1153: 1147: 1141:and resources. 1127: 1106: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1085: 1081: 1074: 1053: 1010: 991: 973:, strings from 962: 923: 916: 914:Medieval Europe 889: 876: 865:Herod the Great 849:Jewish Diaspora 832: 829:6th century BC, 828: 825:Servius Tullius 808: 798: 777: 774:census in India 770: 761: 753: 750: 730:Book of Numbers 714: 706: 684:, according to 668: 663: 611: 559: 531: 500: 472: 387:Mutasa District 379: 332: 311:population size 282: 271: 265: 262: 219: 217: 203: 187: 176: 149:opinion polling 107:The word is of 51: 48: 23: 22: 18:National Census 15: 12: 11: 5: 5948: 5946: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5907: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5866: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5706:Public opinion 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5609: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5588:Pseudo-opinion 5585: 5583:Coverage error 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5538:Standard error 5535: 5533:Sampling error 5529: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5490: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5471:Quota sampling 5468: 5463: 5453: 5448: 5446:Sampling frame 5443: 5437: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5398: 5393: 5387: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5362: 5355: 5347: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5322: 5310: 5296: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5242: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5179: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5132: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5101: 5099:Bioinformatics 5095: 5093: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4904:partial (PACF) 4895: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4865: 4860: 4854: 4852: 4851:Specific tests 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4803: 4801: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4753: 4751:Classification 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4717: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4698:McNemar's test 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4662: 4661: 4644: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4604: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4576: 4570: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4536:Semiparametric 4533: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4491: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4453: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4420: 4418: 4408: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4384: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4370: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4332: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4301: 4293: 4277: 4274:(Mann–Whitney) 4269: 4268: 4267: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4241: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4207: 4202: 4199:(Shapiro–Wilk) 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4166: 4160: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4140: 4131: 4119: 4113: 4111:Specific tests 4107: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4083: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4042: 4036: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4017: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3981: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3907: 3905: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3857: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3765: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3706: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3576: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3562:Standard error 3559: 3554: 3549: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3531: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3492:Optimal design 3489: 3484: 3478: 3476: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3365: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3292: 3290: 3289:Summary tables 3286: 3285: 3283: 3282: 3276: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3238: 3232: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3184: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3161: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3123:Contraharmonic 3120: 3115: 3104: 3102: 3093: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3036: 3029: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2986:"Census" 2979: 2978:External links 2976: 2975: 2974: 2968: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2919: 2912: 2905: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2890: 2849: 2823: 2796: 2770: 2743: 2716: 2687: 2630: 2621: 2602:(2): 341–416. 2586: 2580:978-0802806949 2579: 2571:Who Was Jesus? 2558: 2547: 2527: 2510: 2494: 2466: 2436: 2399: 2384: 2371: 2368:on 2010-11-23. 2360:Jeffrey Hays. 2352: 2345: 2316: 2305: 2290: 2279: 2268: 2257: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2195: 2165: 2140: 2111: 2090:978-1921313585 2089: 2069: 2038: 2013: 1984: 1952: 1893: 1868: 1843: 1808: 1770: 1745: 1719: 1694: 1671: 1647: 1627: 1592: 1567: 1542: 1517: 1490: 1466: 1430: 1421: 1407:. 2017-01-19. 1392: 1357: 1331: 1296: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1169: 1164: 1157: 1154: 1149:Main article: 1146: 1143: 1126: 1123: 1108: 1107: 1088: 1086: 1079: 1073: 1070: 1052: 1049: 1009: 1006: 990: 989:Spanish Empire 987: 961: 958: 915: 912: 888: 885: 857:birth of Jesus 853:Gospel of Luke 835:6, the legate 797: 794: 769: 766: 749: 746: 734:plains of Moab 722:per capita tax 713: 710: 705: 704:Ancient Greece 702: 682:Pharaoh Amasis 675:Middle Kingdom 667: 664: 662: 659: 610: 607: 606: 605: 598: 595: 588: 585: 582: 579: 558: 555: 551:Justin Trudeau 547:Stephen Harper 530: 527: 499: 496: 494:technologies. 492:remote sensing 471: 468: 378: 375: 331: 328: 302:sampling frame 296:census in 1869 284: 283: 190: 188: 181: 175: 172: 153:stratification 145:sampling frame 113:Roman Republic 91:United Nations 49: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5947: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5750:Eurobarometer 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5727:Afrobarometer 5725: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715:Major surveys 5713: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5643:Psychometrics 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5605:Data analysis 5602: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5543:Sampling bias 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5525:Survey errors 5522: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5396:Questionnaire 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5368: 5363: 5361: 5356: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5345: 5333: 5332: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5311: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5285: 5284: 5281: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5261:Geostatistics 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5229: 5228:Psychometrics 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5091:Biostatistics 5088: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5053: 5052:Log-rank test 5050: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4923:(Box–Jenkins) 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4876:Durbin–Watson 4874: 4872: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4858:Dickey–Fuller 4856: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4832:Cointegration 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4807:Decomposition 4805: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4678:Cohen's kappa 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4531:Nonparametric 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4280:Nonparametric 4278: 4276: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4261: 4255: 4251: 4250:Sample median 4248: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4132: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3958: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3936: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3855:loss function 3853: 3852: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3791: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3737: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3557:Questionnaire 3555: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3384:Control chart 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3042: 3037: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2987: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2932: 2928: 2926: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2853: 2850: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2800: 2797: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2747: 2744: 2736: 2729: 2728: 2720: 2717: 2709: 2702: 2701: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2641: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2544:Fabius Pictor 2542:1.42, citing 2541: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2417:(2): 211–12. 2416: 2412: 2411: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2356: 2353: 2348: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2261: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2238:(3): 413–18. 2237: 2233: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2185:on 2011-07-24 2184: 2180: 2176: 2169: 2166: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2141: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2073: 2070: 2062:September 23, 2057: 2053: 2049: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2017: 2014: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1988: 1985: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1897: 1894: 1883:on 2012-11-07 1882: 1878: 1872: 1869: 1861: 1854: 1847: 1844: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1812: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1779:Kukutai, Tahu 1774: 1771: 1759: 1755: 1749: 1746: 1735:on 2011-12-19 1734: 1730: 1723: 1720: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1631: 1628: 1622: 1617: 1614:(4): 458–75. 1613: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1596: 1593: 1582: 1578: 1571: 1568: 1557:on 2013-01-17 1556: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1531: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1507: 1503: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1480: 1476: 1470: 1467: 1451: 1447: 1446:tarikhema.org 1440: 1434: 1431: 1425: 1422: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1377: 1364: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1317: 1313: 1306: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1272: 1269: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1192: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 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