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Partnership to End Addiction

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670:, questioned whether the Partnership's campaigns were lessening the use of illegal drugs. He stated, "The resulting campaign is far too complex, calling as it does for the lockstep shuttling in and out, at 6 to 8 week intervals, of TV, radio, print, outdoor and interactive messages in multiple languages against 36 different strategies aimed at eleven different targets. He raised concerns of improper interpretations of survey data as well as the federal government shifting $ 50 million away from other media purchases. Partnership chairman James E. Burke argued before a Senate subcommittee for better targeting of funds for media purchases. 92: 303: 33: 465:. Research suggested most children felt "nearly alone in their hostility toward drugs." In one television commercial, a camera zooms in and out on two adolescents, one of whom is trying to get the other to try marijuana. The tagline then reads: "A friend who offers you drugs is not your friend." It was a "strikingly different tack" from the milder 980:(cited this case study:) See Partnership For a Drug-Free America: Overview (Partnership for a Drug Free Am., New York, N.Y.), May 1, 1996, at 1. It claims that a drop in drug usage is attributable to its efforts. See Diana Chapman Walsh et al., The Partnership for a Drug-Free America (A) 26 tbl. 5D (Harvard Bus. Sch. No. N9- 594-028, 1993). 737:, it has recently shifted media support to digital technology. Currently, it aims to assist parents in prevention efforts. The organization informs and offers resources for parents and teenagers on its website. The Partnership shifted focus towards teenagers' misuse of prescription drugs. The group was part of a campaign known as 337: 741:
which encouraged residents to dispose of their old prescription drugs to nearby city halls or police departments. Partnership executive Sean Clarkin suggests that parents sit down with their teens and ask "what's going on" as a possible beginning for a conversation about drug use. The Partnership has
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Take the decision to buy and use heroin (or pot, or coke or any illegal drug) and treat it like any other purchasing choice. Liken potential addicts to a group of consumers whose buying habits can be manipulated by celebrity endorsements, catchy slogans, and powerful images. Then use those tricks not
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describes The Partnership as "...always felt free to lie — blatantly, openly, stupidly — about drugs. In fact, lying to obscure the realities of drug abuse in order to protect powerful interests and constituencies is the reason the Partnership exists. The Partnership is the latest in America's long
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Hedrick said that the group knew "next to nothing about illegal drugs and the youthful target audience for their ads". The organization was loosely modeled along the lines of a standard advertising agency, with a creative director post and "account executives" to head specific effort. Further, the
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or PSAs had previously been shown by networks whenever possible, regardless of intended audience. Many PSAs aired late at night, or were used by networks to fill slots lacking other advertisements. Marston urged, instead, a targeted focused anti-drug campaign similar to that for a specific brand of
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Rangan, V. Kasturi, Diana Chapman Walsh, Barbara Moeykens, and Rima E. Rudd. "Partnership for a Drug-Free America (A)." Harvard Business School Case 594-028. ... Rangan, V. Kasturi, Diana Chapman Walsh, Barbara Moeykens, and Rima E. Rudd. "Partnership for a Drug-Free America (B)." Harvard Business
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The new campaign addresses kids' feelings and their sense of emotional isolation on this issue. ... The problem is not drugs, but an attitude of hopelessness ... They start to feel they don't count, they don't matter. They feel bad about themselves and give up on themselves; those are the ones who
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The ad had varying impacts on viewers. One student felt the "brain on drugs" commercial was not accurate, since she saw fellow students smoking marijuana but with brains that were clearly not frying. She claimed that the ad "stirred her curiosity" and called the ad more of a "dare" tactic. Another
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No one presumes advertising is going to stop all drug abuse in America ... Using the idea that attitudes change behavior and using the best ad minds to denormalize drug use, they have sent a very strong message over the years, and their work is a very important component in the national effort to
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For the first time, use of the club drug Ecstasy dropped among teens in the United States, and use of cigarettes and alcohol continued to decline, according to a just-released survey. This year's annual Monitoring the Future survey tracked substance use among 44,000 eighth-, 10th- and 12th-grade
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In 1996, research efforts suggested a link between getting preteens and teenagers to wait longer before using drugs for the first time, and the decreasing likelihood of becoming a regular drug user. A new campaign was announced, aimed at "getting parents involved in the war against drugs.
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on a public relations event titled "National Prescription Drug Take-Back Day". The event involved 4,000 "drop spots" to discard unused prescription drugs as a way to lessen opportunities for misuse. In the mid-2000s, the Partnership gradually shifted away from de-emphasizing the risks of
913: 746:, which increased from 10% of its budget to 31% for 2010. It has focused on web efforts such as the site "Time to Talk" (timetotalk.org), The drugfree.org website attracts a million visitors each month. The agency is making a $ 55 million three-year commitment with cable operator 280:
created by the organization have been called iconic, and during their initial release were part of the largest privately run public-service campaign in history. The organization's marketing experience was written up as a 58-page marketing "case study" for study by students at the
710:(ONDCP) is the White House branch — that revel in misinformation and misdirected policies that perpetuate the social crises they claim to be attacking because they tacitly profit from making them worse." Some studies suggest its PSAs have had "little proven effect on drug use." 499:
The organization used real stories about the effects of drug use. A 28-year-old former drug user met for lunch with the Partnership's Doria Steedman, and at one point "pulled out her teeth" to show the ravages of the drug use; this idea was used in a subsequent commercial.
1790:... (C) Evaluation of effectiveness of media campaign In using amounts for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the national media campaign under paragraph (1)(E), the Director shall— ... the Attitude Tracking Study published by the Partnership for a Drug-Free America; 1668:... a public-relations event staged by the Drug Enforcement Administration called the "National Prescription Drug Take-Back Day." Allied with medical boards, police chiefs, district attorneys, boards of pharmacy, and the Partnership for a Drug-Free America, ... 654:
In 2002, Burke retired as chairman, and was replaced by Roy J. Bostock. The Partnership had been tracking ecstasy use since 1996, and in 2002 found that 52% of students were aware of the dangers associated with its use as compared to 46% from the year before.
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Rebecca Blackwood Shaw ... The bride, 38, plans to take her husband's name. She is the director of creative development for the Partnership for a Drug-Free America, a nonprofit organization in New York, where she oversees the production of public service
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Produced in 1987 by the Partnership for a Drug-Free America, this iconic PSA makes use of everyday household items — namely, an egg and a frying pan — to illustrate how narcotics affect the body. (Fresh egg = your brain; fried egg = your brain on
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The agency solicited help from copywriters, media planning and placement experts often competed to submit advertising assignments without charge. The agency gained free exposure from print media and broadcast networks, including spots during
917: 437:, the agency was able to solicit donations of free advertising time with an estimated worth of "$ 1 million worth of advertising every day" for more than a decade, totaling more than $ 2 billion in free space and time. 530:
Marston and other executives adjusted their media strategy accordingly as fast-moving trends made one drug "hot" while others fell out of favor. The campaign was primarily oriented towards television and print media.
2131: 1555:... A feature-length documentary on smoking, drinking and drugging in the 20th century. Through interviews with historians and professionals in the drug treatment field interspersed with film clips ... 461:
James E. Burke took over leadership of the organization. In 1992, the Partnership switched focus to targeting inner-city youth, where the drug problem had been more severe, and ran a campaign led by
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proposed a marketing campaign to reduce teenage drug use. The group was formed officially in 1985. The group saw the merits of focused approach similar to that for a commercial product or service.
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Robert Wood Johnson, who built Johnson & Johnson into one of the world's largest health and medical care products companies, established his foundation at his death in 1968 ...
1232: 631:. In 1997, it discontinued any direct fiscal association with tobacco and alcohol suppliers, although it still receives donations from pharmaceutical and opioid companies. 2141: 733:. It cooperates with government agencies in initiatives to help reduce drug use. While the organization has focused drug prevention advertising on broadcast media such as 1871: 1368: 542:, in targeting efforts against heroin. McCaffrey endorsed the Partnership's campaigns and spoke at their news conferences. Later, it worked with state alliance programs. 430:
student said "the fried egg commercial really scared me when I was in high school. I remember picturing that egg in the frying pan and thinking that it wasn't worth it."
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which made an in-depth examination of the problem of drug use, covering 100 years and interviewing professionals and historians. Zemeckis included Marston in the film.
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The Partnership coordinates efforts with government officials, including Andre Hollis, the deputy assistant defense secretary for counternarcotics, in 2002.
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noticed that the Partnership had not produced a single anti-marijuana PSA since 2005. By 2007, the agency had produced over 3,000 spots from 1985 to 2007.
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and focused more on targets such as prescription drugs, possibly responding to a shift of emphasis by the U.S. government. Reporter Elizabeth Sprague of
1307: 1282: 2156: 410:(PSAs). This said that if a person's brain is an egg, then using illegal drugs would be like frying it. It was shown repeatedly on broadcast media. 2105: 726: 702: 730: 707: 663: 539: 1980: 1653: 1533: 1830: 881:""I Learned it by Watching YOU!" The Partnership for a Drug-Free America and the Attack on "Responsible Use" Education in the 1980s" 71: 53: 474: 1257: 504: 2095: 1973: 1875: 1818: 674: 49: 1753: 446:
reporter Amanda Gordon noted that the organization gives gold-plated frying pan awards (mounted under glass) at fundraisers.
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James E. Burke will soon step down after 13 years as chairman of the Partnership for a Drug-Free America in New York ...
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had been simplistic. Marston explained the utility of depicting young people "resisting drugs in real situations":
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that their federal tax returns showed that they had received several million dollars worth of funding from major
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suggested that the anti-drug campaign was having a measurable "deterrence effect" on American adolescents:
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magazine called it "iconic". It has been recognized as "one of the most influential" ad campaigns in the
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to sell the product, but to un-sell it. If the approach works, drugs will finally lose their cool.
1538: 1534:"Robert Zemeckis on Smoking, Drinking and Drugging in the 20th Century: In Pursuit of Happiness" 624: 486:
get into drugs ... It's not to kill time, as happens in the general market ... but to kill pain.
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reduced its commitment to broadcast media and shifted towards reaching out to parents via the
612: 608: 572: 547: 390:, left the foundation shares of stock upon his death in 1968. By 1993, it had 30 employees. 357: 302: 2034: 556: 442: 171: 1779:"U.S. Code – Title 21 > Chapter 22 > § 1708: National youth anti-drug media campaign" 1509: 2059: 849: 667: 635: 564: 535: 458: 412: 382:
contributed towards rent and other expenses. Later funds were provided by grants from the
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put it among the "top 100 ads of all time". It became the organization's "calling card."
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cereal or an automobile, but instead "unselling" drugs or rather selling the benefits of
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Support for families struggling with a loved with suffering from a substance use disorder
588: 580: 1629:"Senate Hearing 107–600: Effectiveness of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign" 2125: 2100: 2054: 2039: 764: 518: 491: 462: 296: 264: 175: 167: 1484:"Pot Boiler: Why Are Media Enlisting in the Government's Crusade Against Marijuana?" 291:
magazine suggested that it had earned "a single-brand advertising clout" during the
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sat on the Partnership's board of directors. An early grant of $ 300,000 from the
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It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
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Family Support, Substance Use and Addiction Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery
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In the mid-1980s, a small group of advertising professionals working with the
292: 1369:"The Media Business: Advertising — Addenda — A Succession At Anti-Drug Group" 896: 1926:"Want to keep your child drug-free? Here are five signs of possible trouble" 1406:"The Media Business — Television Ads Are Directed At Urban Youths and Drugs" 1118:"Students debate effectiveness, accuracy of well-known anti-drug commercial" 679: 644:
The Pursuit of Happiness: Smoking, Drinking and Drugging in the 20th Century
420:, or one of the "most unforgettable images in modern American advertising". 370:. The group "deliberately designed to disturb and upset." Executives from 1958:(from the webpage) The Partnership at Drugfree.org is here for parents, ... 545:
PDFA was the subject of criticism when it was revealed by Cynthia Cotts of
473:. The ads were often "infused with menace and melodrama." Some spots by a 2079: 1965: 1822: 1140:"Carole Fields-Arnold, 59; Talent Agent Co-Founded Drug, Alcohol Program" 786: 743: 684: 596: 568: 422: 880: 747: 560: 440:
The "frying pan" ad was described as a "relic" in one report, although
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Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 2006,
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students. The survey has been tracking teens' drug use since 1975.
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The organization first became more widely known in 1987, with its
335: 301: 1258:"Daniel Burke dies at 82; former president of Capital Cities/ABC" 1946: 1969: 263:, is a non-profit organization aiming to prevent the misuse of 725:
The Partnership holds a special position under law within the
26: 845:"Top 10 Public-Service Announcements: There Goes My Appetite" 1572:"Television/Radio; Getting Down to What Makes America High" 1872:"Hannah Michelle Weeks on preventing teen substance abuse" 345:
agency did continual reassessments of public perception.
1848:"Advertising; Public Service Groups Follow the Audience" 1201:"Advertising; Public Service Groups Follow the Audience" 929:
9-594-028 Title: Partnership for a Drug-Free America (A)
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An anti cocaine advertisement the PDFA released in 1987.
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Famous fried eggs: Erika Alexander (December 6, 2000).
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Civic and political organizations of the United States
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Marijuana use among U.S. preteens doubled in 1996, ...
1283:"Daniel B. Burke, Leading Media Executive, Dies at 82" 267:. The organization is most widely known for its TV ad 41:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
1900:"Prescription Drug Take Back Day to be held Saturday" 969:"*221 Employee Privacy, American Values, and the Law" 1754:"Meth Project Joins The Partnership at Drugfree.org" 1459:"Heroin Deaths Fuel Music Industry's Soul-Searching" 1339:"Parents and Tennagers Rock for 'Drug-Free America'" 2088: 2027: 2001: 232: 222: 212: 202: 194: 184: 160: 152: 144: 132: 124: 116: 98: 1803: 1308:"$ 500 Million Pledged to Fight Childhood Obesity" 916:. tzhealth.com. September 13, 1993. Archived from 1706:"Accounts and People of Note in the Ad Industry" 1429:Times Staff & Wire Reports (March 5, 1997). 812:"The Story Behind "This is Your Brain on Drugs"" 691:In 2010, the organization changed its name from 18:National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse 2137:Non-profit organizations based in New York City 509: 483: 347: 241:Partnership for a Drug-Free America (1985–2010) 943:"Faculty & Research: HBS Course Materials" 285:. An analysis of the Partnership's efforts by 1981: 1949:. The Partnership at DrugFree.org. 2011-12-26 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 619:cigarettes), as well as pharmaceutical firms 8: 1685:"Pot No Longer Focus of Anti-Drug Campaigns" 503:In 1994, an independent assessment from the 380:American Association of Advertising Agencies 322:American Association of Advertising Agencies 84: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1188: 469:campaign championed by previous first lady 1988: 1974: 1966: 1678: 1676: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1033: 247:Partnership for Drug-Free Kids (2014–2020) 90: 83: 2142:Public service announcement organizations 1894: 1892: 1734:. Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 1647: 1645: 1622: 1620: 1595:Kathleen Fackelmann (December 16, 2002). 1565: 1563: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1332: 1330: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1013: 717:joined The Partnership To End Addiction. 534:The Partnership coordinated efforts with 72:Learn how and when to remove this message 2152:1985 establishments in the United States 1732:"Partnership for a Drug Wrecked America" 1073: 1071: 1069: 908: 906: 839: 837: 835: 833: 831: 739:National Prescription Drug Take Back Day 2106:National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign 1431:"Preteen 'Pot' Use Doubles, Study Says" 802: 750:including its "Time to Talk" campaign. 727:National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign 703:Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 261:The Partnership for a Drug Free America 244:Partnership at DrugFree.org (2010–2014) 1683:Elizabeth Sprague (November 9, 2009). 1404:Joseph B. Treaster (October 2, 1992). 731:Office of National Drug Control Policy 708:Office of National Drug Control Policy 664:Office of National Drug Control Policy 540:Office of National Drug Control Policy 1846:Stuart Elliott (September 27, 2007). 1199:Stuart Elliott (September 27, 2007). 156:711 Third Avenue 5th Floor, Suite 500 7: 1490:. Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting 1281:Neuman, William (October 26, 2011). 1337:Amanda Gordon (November 28, 2007). 1078:Elliott, Stuart (October 1, 1993). 693:Partnership for a Drug-Free America 1874:. Lock the Cabinet. Archived from 1808:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 1777:Finkin, Matthew W. (Jan 7, 2011). 1597:"Survey: Teen drug use on decline" 1367:Courtney Kane (October 23, 2002). 1306:Strom, Stephanie (April 4, 2007). 1231:Stuart Elliott (October 1, 1993). 1048:Pamela Warrick (August 30, 1996). 992:Pamela Warrick (August 30, 1996). 673:In 2010, it collaborated with the 477:copy team hinted that the earlier 25: 2147:Organizations established in 1985 1654:"Bogus Drug Coverage of the Week" 1631:. U.S. Government Printing Office 1627:Burke, James E. (June 19, 2002). 2157:Drug policy of the United States 1570:Andy Meisler (August 29, 1999). 505:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 475:Goodby, Berlin & Silverstein 52:. Please discuss further on the 31: 2096:Drug Abuse Resistance Education 1781:. Cornell University Law School 1256:Flint, Joe (October 27, 2011). 1138:Oliver, Myrna (July 16, 2004). 706:history of phony lobbies — the 675:Drug Enforcement Administration 494:, 1992, PDFA campaign director. 2111:Partnership for Drug-Free Kids 1924:Sabriya Rice (July 22, 2010). 517:Chris Policano, spokesman for 384:Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 1: 2045:I learned it by watching you! 1652:Shafer, Jack (Sep 24, 2010). 1457:Jerry Crowe (July 14, 1996). 1164:"Rebecca Shaw, Michael Kelly" 810:Gershon, Livia (2022-10-19). 782:I learned it by watching you! 408:public service advertisements 257:Partnership to End Addiction, 2028:Public service announcements 1758:Partnership to End Addiction 1514:Partnership to End Addiction 1510:"Frequently Asked Questions" 697:Partnership at Drugfree.org. 326:Public service announcements 278:public service announcements 85:Partnership to End Addiction 2070:This Is Your Brain on Drugs 776:This Is Your Brain on Drugs 770:Public service announcement 435:This Is Your Brain on Drugs 403:This Is Your Brain on Drugs 395:This Is Your Brain on Drugs 270:This Is Your Brain on Drugs 104:; 39 years ago 2173: 2089:Organizations and programs 967:Matthew W. Finkin (1996). 955:School Supplement 594-029. 941:V. Kasturi Rangan (1993). 372:The New York Times Company 1482:Males, Mike (July 1997). 971:. Chicago-Kent Law Review 945:. Harvard Business School 885:Journal of Social History 89: 1730:Males, Mike (Oct 2013). 1536:. Movies & TV Dept. 2019:Winners Don't Use Drugs 879:Moreau, Joseph (2016). 563:corporations including 283:Harvard Business School 204:Chief Executive Officer 1996:Anti-drug ad campaigns 1542:. 2000. Archived from 1050:"Can You Just Say No?" 994:"Can You Just Say No?" 853:. 2011. Archived from 701:A 2013 article by the 538:, the director of the 524: 497: 388:Robert Wood Johnson II 363: 355:Pamela Warrick in the 341: 307: 295:comparable to that of 2075:Washington State PSAs 2050:McGruff the Crime Dog 621:Bristol Meyers-Squibb 456:Johnson & Johnson 339: 305: 227:https://drugfree.org/ 50:neutral point of view 857:on September 8, 2009 792:Montana Meth Project 715:Montana Meth Project 629:Procter & Gamble 418:history of marketing 406:broadcast and print 376:Procter & Gamble 2009:Above the Influence 1712:. December 13, 2010 1170:. February 26, 2010 634:In 1999, filmmaker 625:Merck & Company 128:National Non-Profit 86: 1906:. October 27, 2011 1852:The New York Times 1710:The New York Times 1576:The New York Times 1539:The New York Times 1410:The New York Times 1373:The New York Times 1312:The New York Times 1287:The New York Times 1237:The New York Times 1205:The New York Times 1168:The New York Times 1084:The New York Times 721:Current approaches 342: 308: 2119: 2118: 1904:Los Angeles Times 1827:December 29, 2006 1463:Los Angeles Times 1435:Los Angeles Times 1262:Los Angeles Times 1144:Los Angeles Times 1054:Los Angeles Times 998:Los Angeles Times 548:The Village Voice 512:reduce drug use." 386:, whose founder, 358:Los Angeles Times 254: 253: 82: 81: 74: 45:with its subject. 16:(Redirected from 2164: 2035:Addicted to Life 1990: 1983: 1976: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1954: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1933: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1896: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1883: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1858: 1843: 1837: 1828: 1809: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1786: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1692: 1680: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1664: 1649: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1636: 1624: 1615: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1583: 1582: 1567: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1530: 1524: 1523: 1521: 1520: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1469: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1416: 1401: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1364: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1334: 1325: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1278: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1268: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1244: 1243: 1228: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1196: 1183: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1151: 1150: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1113: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1090: 1075: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1045: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1004: 989: 983: 982: 977: 976: 964: 958: 957: 951: 950: 938: 932: 931: 926: 925: 910: 901: 900: 876: 870: 869: 863: 862: 841: 826: 825: 823: 822: 807: 662:director of the 522: 495: 361: 259:formerly called 112: 110: 105: 94: 87: 77: 70: 66: 63: 57: 43:close connection 35: 34: 27: 21: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2084: 2060:Nothing Happens 2023: 1997: 1994: 1964: 1952: 1950: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1931: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1909: 1907: 1898: 1897: 1890: 1881: 1879: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1856: 1854: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1826: 1807: 1800: 1796: 1784: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1762: 1760: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1737: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1715: 1713: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1690: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1674: 1662: 1660: 1651: 1650: 1643: 1634: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1618: 1605: 1603: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1580: 1578: 1569: 1568: 1561: 1549: 1547: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1518: 1516: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1493: 1491: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1467: 1465: 1456: 1455: 1451: 1439: 1437: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1414: 1412: 1403: 1402: 1389: 1377: 1375: 1366: 1365: 1356: 1347: 1345: 1336: 1335: 1328: 1316: 1314: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1291: 1289: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1266: 1264: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1241: 1239: 1230: 1229: 1218: 1209: 1207: 1198: 1197: 1186: 1173: 1171: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1148: 1146: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1123: 1121: 1115: 1114: 1097: 1088: 1086: 1077: 1076: 1067: 1058: 1056: 1047: 1046: 1011: 1002: 1000: 991: 990: 986: 974: 972: 966: 965: 961: 948: 946: 940: 939: 935: 923: 921: 912: 911: 904: 878: 877: 873: 860: 858: 843: 842: 829: 820: 818: 809: 808: 804: 800: 756: 723: 668:John P. Walters 652: 636:Robert Zemeckis 565:American Brands 536:Barry McCaffrey 523: 516: 496: 490: 459:chief executive 452: 398: 362: 354: 331:not using drugs 318: 313: 250: 235: 234:Formerly called 215: 208:Creighton Drury 205: 187: 180: 137: 108: 106: 103: 78: 67: 61: 58: 47: 36: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2170: 2168: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2124: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1985: 1978: 1970: 1963: 1962: 1938: 1916: 1888: 1863: 1838: 1831:21 U.S.C. 1829:, codified at 1812:109–469 (text) 1794: 1769: 1745: 1722: 1697: 1672: 1658:Slate Magazine 1641: 1616: 1587: 1559: 1525: 1501: 1474: 1449: 1421: 1387: 1354: 1326: 1298: 1273: 1248: 1216: 1184: 1180:announcements. 1155: 1130: 1095: 1065: 1009: 984: 959: 933: 902: 891:(3): 710–737. 871: 827: 801: 799: 796: 795: 794: 789: 784: 779: 772: 767: 762: 755: 752: 722: 719: 651: 648: 589:Anheuser Busch 581:Virginia Slims 553:pharmaceutical 514: 488: 451: 448: 397: 392: 352: 317: 314: 312: 309: 252: 251: 249: 248: 245: 242: 238: 236: 233: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 216: 213: 210: 209: 206: 203: 200: 199: 196: 192: 191: 188: 185: 182: 181: 179: 178: 164: 162: 158: 157: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 138: 133: 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 120:Phillip Joanou 118: 114: 113: 100: 96: 95: 80: 79: 39: 37: 30: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2169: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2055:Note from Mom 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1959: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1927: 1920: 1917: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1878:on 2016-03-03 1877: 1873: 1867: 1864: 1853: 1849: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1806: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1780: 1773: 1770: 1759: 1755: 1749: 1746: 1733: 1726: 1723: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1686: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1659: 1655: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1630: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1602: 1598: 1591: 1588: 1577: 1573: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1546:on 2013-01-30 1545: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1529: 1526: 1515: 1511: 1505: 1502: 1489: 1485: 1478: 1475: 1464: 1460: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1436: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1411: 1407: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1374: 1370: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1344: 1340: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1313: 1309: 1302: 1299: 1288: 1284: 1277: 1274: 1263: 1259: 1252: 1249: 1238: 1234: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1206: 1202: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1169: 1165: 1159: 1156: 1145: 1141: 1134: 1131: 1119: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1085: 1081: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1055: 1051: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1010: 999: 995: 988: 985: 981: 970: 963: 960: 956: 944: 937: 934: 930: 920:on 2012-04-26 919: 915: 909: 907: 903: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 875: 872: 868: 856: 852: 851: 846: 840: 838: 836: 834: 832: 828: 817: 813: 806: 803: 797: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 777: 773: 771: 768: 766: 765:Ginna Marston 763: 761: 758: 757: 753: 751: 749: 745: 740: 736: 732: 728: 720: 718: 716: 713:In 2013, the 711: 709: 704: 699: 698: 694: 689: 687: 686: 681: 676: 671: 669: 665: 661: 658:In 2002, the 656: 649: 647: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 605:R.J. 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Index

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