170:
970:
417:
130:
118:
980:
42:
141:
439:
428:
152:
375:, but they managed to prevent the French from retaking land outside the fortified positions. Throughout the course of the siege, the Maltese constructed a number of camps, batteries, redoubts and entrenchments surrounding the French-occupied harbour area. The most important insurgent fortifications were the
407:
Between 1800 and 1801, gold and silver medals were struck to commemorate the blockade, and were awarded to leaders and distinguished members of the
National Congress Battalions. These are now among the most highly prized Maltese medals.
746:
1422:
1269:
1417:
936:
557:
At the outbreak of the rebellion, the insurgents were poorly armed, having only hunting rifles, muskets captured from several armouries, and a few swords, pistols and locally made
761:
291:
On 4 September, the
Maltese formed a National Assembly, and its first task was to create an armed force to blockade the remaining French forces. The force, which was known as the
958:
276:
and the French force surrendered. Most of the towns and villages fell into rebel hands over the next few days, but the French held on to the fortified positions in the
693:
242:
851:
513:
The battalions were divided into companies and platoons. Some of the larger battalions had artillery and engineer sections, as well as military bands.
416:
1432:
951:
913:
344:
for protection. Throughout the rest of the siege, the
Maltese insurgents were aided by the British, Neapolitans and Portuguese. In 1799, Czar
1427:
876:
398:
1437:
1407:
1336:
944:
303:, came into existence in the following days, and it consisted of a number of village battalions, which had their origins in the Order's
1412:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1061:
1264:
537:
The majority of the army did not have uniforms, but the
Birkirkara Battalion was supplied with locally made cotton uniforms. The
1227:
663:
337:
1048:
219:
1005:
258:
351:
The
Maltese insurgents made a number of successful assaults throughout the course of the siege, including the capture of
1274:
397:
The French eventually capitulated to the
British on 4 September 1800. The Maltese battalions were disbanded by British
1098:
129:
1207:
1094:
1031:
1026:
974:
360:
250:
1305:
330:
63:
1147:
1071:
1010:
817:
627:
434:, which served as Vincenzo Borg's field headquarters. It is one of the few surviving landmarks of the blockade.
123:
1187:
1284:
1177:
1172:
1066:
573:
356:
269:
1386:
431:
1157:
380:
698:
174:
41:
924:
782:
577:
601:
1279:
1232:
1162:
1152:
447:
376:
246:
145:
887:
1381:
352:
211:
1217:
1197:
1192:
1000:
995:
388:
134:
1315:
1300:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1108:
1037:
742:
384:
345:
308:
195:
187:
55:
1182:
1114:
562:
364:
222:
in
September 1798. It existed for two years before being disbanded on 11 September 1800.
438:
1341:
1320:
1104:
581:
427:
401:
341:
157:
1401:
1310:
1167:
1129:
1124:
603:
A history of Malta during the period of the French and
British occupations, 1798–1815
558:
372:
326:
277:
59:
531:
265:
87:
494:
322:
359:. The insurgents did not manage to capture the major fortifications, such as the
1351:
1119:
584:. These were taken to the many insurgent positions encircling the harbour area.
394:
At its peak, the army consisted of 10,000 men, of which 2,505 were men-at-arms.
368:
566:
527:
506:
458:
443:
420:
333:. Vitale, Borg and Caruana became the three main leaders of the insurrection.
318:
273:
264:
On 2 September 1798, while the French were looting artifacts from a church in
83:
569:
supplied the insurgents with a large number of muskets and cartridge boxes.
517:
268:, the Maltese rebelled and opened fire on them. The French retreated to the
500:
488:
464:
1259:
281:
254:
140:
348:
sent a diplomat to the insurgents promising his support and protection.
304:
728:
607:
476:
470:
169:
825:
694:"The Mdina siege of 1429 was 'greater than the Great Siege' of 1565"
635:
884:
National
Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
482:
437:
426:
415:
272:, but on 3 September, the rebels managed to enter the city from a
215:
97:
526:
was also established, and it was responsible for guard duties at
285:
940:
921:
Arx - Online
Journal of Military Architecture and Fortification
790:
Arx – Online Journal of Military Architecture and Fortification
317:
of the army. The first battalions to be set up were those of
572:
The Maltese also had artillery pieces captured from various
446:. The windmill's tower, and its sails, no longer exist. The
16:
Irregular militia of Malta, in service from 1798 to 1800
442:
Windmill used as an observation post by the Maltese in
549:
and some artillery units also had their own uniforms.
783:"Maltese 'siege' batteries of the blockade 1798–1800"
760:. Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti: 10–11. Archived from
1423:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1800
46:
White and red standard reportedly used by the rebels
1374:
1329:
1293:
1252:
1245:
1138:
1087:
1080:
1047:
1019:
988:
163:
111:
103:
93:
79:
69:
51:
21:
731:: Department of Education. 2006. pp. 211–212.
454:The army was made up of the following battalions:
1418:Military units and formations established in 1798
311:, who had led the attack on Mdina, was appointed
657:
655:
653:
754:Histories of Malta: Deceptions and Perceptions
952:
544:
538:
521:
312:
307:setup prior to the French occupation. Notary
298:
292:
204:
8:
811:
809:
807:
621:
619:
617:
225:The battalions were also referred to as the
776:
774:
423:, which served as an insurgent command base
1249:
1084:
959:
945:
937:
18:
340:as their sovereign, and also appealed to
610:: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 114.
561:. Between 19 and 24 September 1798, the
592:
284:) and various other forts in Malta and
856:Historical Re-Enactment Group of Malta
845:
843:
1183:Saint Lucian Entrenchment and Redoubt
850:Ebejer, John Neville (22 June 2009).
220:Maltese rebellion against French rule
7:
852:"Maltese National Congress Militia"
338:King Ferdinand of Naples and Sicily
294:Battaglioni del Congresso Nazionale
192:Battaglioni del Congresso Nazionale
29:Battaglioni del Congresso Nazionale
886:. 28 December 2012. Archived from
747:"New Light on Majmuna's Tombstone"
200:Battaljuni tal-Kungress Nazzjonali
75:September 1798 – 11 September 1800
33:Battaljuni tal-Kungress Nazzjonali
14:
727:] (in Maltese) (4 ed.).
1265:Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois
1178:Saint Julian's Tower and Battery
978:
968:
912:Spiteri, Stephen C. (May 2008).
781:Spiteri, Stephen C. (May 2008).
168:
150:
139:
128:
116:
40:
1433:1800 disestablishments in Malta
1001:Decline of the Order of St John
721:Ġrajjet Malta – It-Tielet Ktieb
1006:Mediterranean campaign of 1798
259:Mediterranean campaign of 1798
1:
914:"A Medieval tower at Qrendi?"
725:Malta Events – The Third Book
1428:1798 establishments in Malta
1275:Jean de Bosredon de Ransijat
1270:Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud
1228:Żabbar Batteries and Redoubt
1057:National Congress Battalions
692:Grima, Noel (15 June 2015).
280:area (including the capital
257:ousted the Order during the
184:National Congress Battalions
22:National Congress Battalions
1454:
1438:Insurgent groups in Europe
1408:French occupation of Malta
1062:Battle of the Malta Convoy
975:French occupation of Malta
923:(6): 46–47. Archived from
818:"The Maltese Army of 1798"
628:"The Maltese Army of 1798"
241:From 1530, Malta had been
1413:Military history of Malta
1306:Francesco Saverio Caruana
664:"Maltese Blockade Medals"
600:Hardman, William (1909).
543:, the general staff, the
450:can be seen on the right.
336:The Maltese acknowledged
331:Francesco Saverio Caruana
251:occupied by French forces
64:Francesco Saverio Caruana
39:
26:
1148:Capuchin Convent Battery
1032:Commission of Government
1011:French invasion of Malta
124:Kingdom of Great Britain
1067:Action of 31 March 1800
270:fortified city of Mdina
574:coastal fortifications
545:
539:
522:
451:
435:
424:
313:
299:
293:
205:
199:
191:
1188:Saint Peter's Battery
816:Stroud, John (2010).
699:The Malta Independent
626:Stroud, John (2010).
520:company known as the
441:
430:
419:
202:), also known as the
1208:Ta' Għemmuna Battery
930:on 26 November 2016.
893:on November 20, 2015
824:: 38. Archived from
634:: 37. Archived from
540:Generale Commandante
325:, which were led by
314:Generale Commandante
1280:Sylvain de Bosredon
1163:Jesuit Hill Battery
1153:Corradino Batteries
1072:La Nazione Gozitana
448:Wignacourt Aqueduct
432:Ta' Xindi Farmhouse
377:Corradino Batteries
253:in June 1798, when
249:. The islands were
247:Order of Saint John
146:Kingdom of Portugal
94:Active regions
1382:Malta Protectorate
828:on 7 February 2018
662:Sammut, Joseph C.
578:Saint Mary's Tower
452:
436:
425:
399:Civil Commissioner
357:St. Julian's Tower
300:Truppe di Campagna
231:Maltese insurgents
212:irregular military
206:Truppe di Campagna
71:Dates of operation
1395:
1394:
1370:
1369:
1357:Thomas Troubridge
1241:
1240:
1218:Tas-Samra Battery
1198:San Rocco Redoubt
1193:San Rocco Battery
996:French Revolution
743:Bonello, Giovanni
671:melitensiawth.com
638:on 16 August 2016
404:on 11 September.
389:Tas-Samra Battery
180:
179:
135:Kingdom of Naples
1445:
1316:Dun Mikiel Xerri
1301:Emmanuele Vitale
1250:
1233:Żejtun Batteries
1223:Windmill Redoubt
1213:Tal-Borg Battery
1203:Sliema Batteries
1158:Għargħar Battery
1109:Porte des Bombes
1099:Saluting Battery
1085:
1038:Journal de Malte
983:
982:
981:
973:
972:
971:
961:
954:
947:
938:
932:
931:
929:
918:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
892:
881:
877:"Palazzo Manuel"
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
847:
838:
837:
835:
833:
813:
802:
801:
799:
797:
787:
778:
769:
768:
767:on 17 July 2014.
766:
751:
739:
733:
732:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
689:
683:
682:
680:
678:
673:. pp. 76–87
668:
659:
648:
647:
645:
643:
623:
612:
611:
597:
548:
542:
525:
385:Tal-Borg Battery
381:Għargħar Battery
361:city of Valletta
353:St. Thomas Tower
346:Paul I of Russia
316:
309:Emmanuele Vitale
302:
296:
208:
173:
172:
156:
154:
153:
144:
143:
133:
132:
122:
120:
119:
72:
56:Emmanuele Vitale
44:
35:
19:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1387:Treaty of Paris
1366:
1325:
1289:
1246:Notable figures
1237:
1140:
1134:
1115:Cottonera Lines
1076:
1043:
1015:
984:
979:
977:
969:
967:
965:
935:
927:
916:
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
890:
879:
875:
874:
870:
860:
858:
849:
848:
841:
831:
829:
815:
814:
805:
795:
793:
785:
780:
779:
772:
764:
749:
741:
740:
736:
719:
718:
714:
704:
702:
691:
690:
686:
676:
674:
666:
661:
660:
651:
641:
639:
625:
624:
615:
599:
598:
594:
590:
563:Portuguese Navy
555:
414:
365:Cottonera Lines
239:
218:just after the
175:French Republic
167:
151:
149:
148:
138:
137:
127:
126:
117:
115:
70:
62:
58:
47:
31:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1451:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1342:Alexander Ball
1339:
1337:Horatio Nelson
1333:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1321:Saverio Cassar
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1105:Floriana Lines
1102:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1081:Fortifications
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1049:Siege of Malta
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
992:
990:
986:
985:
966:
964:
963:
956:
949:
941:
934:
933:
904:
868:
839:
803:
770:
734:
712:
684:
649:
613:
591:
589:
586:
582:Mistra Battery
554:
551:
511:
510:
504:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
413:
410:
402:Alexander Ball
342:Horatio Nelson
238:
235:
178:
177:
165:
161:
160:
158:Russian Empire
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
81:
77:
76:
73:
67:
66:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1450:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1362:George Martin
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Thomas Graham
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:Vincenzo Borg
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Marsa Battery
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:& British
1137:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:Fort Ricasoli
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
991:
987:
976:
962:
957:
955:
950:
948:
943:
942:
939:
926:
922:
915:
908:
905:
889:
885:
878:
872:
869:
857:
853:
846:
844:
840:
827:
823:
819:
812:
810:
808:
804:
791:
784:
777:
775:
771:
763:
759:
755:
748:
744:
738:
735:
730:
726:
722:
716:
713:
701:
700:
695:
688:
685:
672:
665:
658:
656:
654:
650:
637:
633:
629:
622:
620:
618:
614:
609:
605:
604:
596:
593:
587:
585:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
552:
550:
547:
541:
535:
533:
529:
524:
519:
514:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
456:
455:
449:
445:
440:
433:
429:
422:
418:
411:
409:
405:
403:
400:
395:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
327:Vincenzo Borg
324:
320:
315:
310:
306:
301:
295:
289:
287:
283:
279:
278:Grand Harbour
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
234:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
207:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
176:
171:
166:
162:
159:
147:
142:
136:
131:
125:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
68:
65:
61:
60:Vincenzo Borg
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1285:Louis Masson
1056:
1036:
925:the original
920:
907:
895:. Retrieved
888:the original
883:
871:
859:. Retrieved
855:
830:. Retrieved
826:the original
821:
794:. Retrieved
789:
762:the original
757:
753:
737:
724:
720:
715:
703:. Retrieved
697:
687:
675:. Retrieved
670:
640:. Retrieved
636:the original
631:
602:
595:
571:
556:
536:
532:Santa Venera
515:
512:
453:
406:
396:
393:
350:
335:
290:
263:
243:administered
240:
230:
227:Maltese Army
226:
224:
203:
183:
181:
88:Santa Venera
80:Headquarters
32:
28:
1352:Henry Pigot
1120:Fort Manoel
369:Fort Manoel
1402:Categories
1130:Fort Tigné
1020:Occupation
989:Background
588:References
567:Royal Navy
546:Granatieri
528:Casa Leoni
523:Granatieri
459:Birkirkara
444:Birkirkara
421:Casa Leoni
373:Fort Tigné
319:Birkirkara
274:sally port
214:set up in
107:10,000 men
84:Casa Leoni
1375:Aftermath
822:On Parade
792:(6): 4–47
632:On Parade
518:grenadier
509:Battalion
503:Battalion
497:Battalion
491:Battalion
485:Battalion
479:Battalion
473:Battalion
467:Battalion
461:Battalion
412:Structure
210:, was an
164:Opponents
1260:Napoleon
1095:Valletta
897:1 August
861:1 August
796:1 August
745:(2000).
705:1 August
677:1 August
576:such as
282:Valletta
255:Napoleon
1330:British
1294:Maltese
1139:Maltese
1027:Reforms
832:26 July
642:26 July
553:Weapons
507:Żurrieq
305:militia
297:or the
245:by the
237:History
229:or the
196:Maltese
188:Italian
52:Leaders
1253:French
1088:French
729:Sliema
608:London
501:Żejtun
495:Żebbuġ
489:Żabbar
477:Mqabba
471:Kirkop
465:Għaxaq
363:, the
323:Żebbuġ
155:
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