645:. Typically, Pomona Granges are made up of all the subordinates in a county. Next in the order come State Granges, which is where the Grange begins to be especially active in the political process. State Masters (Presidents) are responsible for supervising the administration of Subordinate and Pomona Granges. Together, thirty-five State Granges, as well as Potomac Grange #1 in Washington, D.C., form the National Grange. The National Grange represents the interests of most Grangers in lobbying activities similar to the state, but on a much larger scale. In addition, the National Grange oversees the Grange ritual. The Grange is a
331:. With Southern Masons as guides, he toured the war-torn countryside in the South and was appalled by the outdated farming practices. In the western states, Kelley deplored the lack of "progressive agriculture", with illiterate "ignorant" farmers who were "using a system of farming was the same as that handed down by generations gone by". He saw the need for an organization that would bring people together from across the country in a spirit of mutual cooperation. After many letters and consultations with the other founders, the Grange was born. The first Grange, Grange #1, was founded in 1868 in
1730:
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556:, and special passwords necessary to keep railroad spies out of their meetings. It also copied ideas from Greek, Roman and Biblical mythology. Small, ceremonial farm tools are often displayed at Grange meetings. Elected officers are in charge of opening and closing each meeting. There are seven degrees of Grange membership; the ceremony of each degree relates to the seasons and various symbols and principles.
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574:
545:
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Grange membership has declined considerably as the percentage of
American farmers has fallen from a third of the population in the early 20th century to less than two percent today. Between 1992 and 2007, the number of Grange members fell by 40%, largely due to the National Grange no longer offering
374:
Paid agents organized local
Granges and membership in the Grange increased dramatically from 1873 (200,000) to 1875 (858,050). Many of the state and local granges adopted non-partisan political resolutions, especially regarding the regulation of railroad transportation costs. The organization was
520:
As a non-partisan organization, the Grange supports only policies, never political parties or candidates. Although the Grange was founded to serve the interests of farmers, because of the shrinking farm population the Grange has begun to broaden its range to include a wide variety of issues, and
306:
In 2005, the Grange had a membership of 160,000, with organizations in 2,100 communities in 36 states. It is headquartered in
Washington, D.C., in a building built by the organization in 1960. Many rural communities in the United States still have a Grange Hall and local Granges still serve as a
1203:
The
Patrons of husbandry on the Pacific coast: Being a complete history of the origin, condition and progress of agriculture in different parts of the world; of the origin and growth of the order of Patrons, with a general and special grange directory, and full list of charter members of the
327:, to go to the Southern states and to collect data to improve Southern agricultural conditions. In the South, poor farmers bore the brunt of the Civil War and were suspicious of Northerners like Kelley. Kelley found he was able to overcome these sectional differences as a
375:
unusual at this time, because women and any teen old enough to draw a plow (aged 14 to 16) were encouraged to participate. The importance of women was reinforced by requiring that four of the elected positions could be held only by women.
559:
During the last few decades, the Grange has moved toward public meetings and no longer meets in secret. Though the secret meetings do not occur, the Grange still acknowledges its rich history and practices some traditions.
261:
394:. Poor fiscal management, combined with organizational difficulties resulting from rapid growth, led to a massive decline in membership. By the turn of the 20th century, the Grange rebounded and membership stabilized.
595:
535:
program to increase legal immigration and address the crisis-level labor shortage in agriculture. They support the enforcement of immigration law but urge discretion with regard to the impact on labor availability.
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654:
658:("In essentials, unity; in non-essentials, liberty; in all things, charity"). Indeed, the word "grange" comes from a Latin word for grain, and is related to a "granary" or, generically, a farm.
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524:
The Junior Grange is open to children 5–14. Regular Grange membership is open to anyone age 14 or older. The Grange Youth, a group within the Grange, consists of members 13 1/2 to 30.
430:
508:
The Grange provides opportunities for individuals and families to develop to their highest potential in order to build stronger communities and states, as well as a stronger nation.
743:
504:, the organization's report on its annual convention, the organization lays out its mission and how it works towards achieving it through fellowship, service, and legislation:
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subordinate granges of
California. Also, of the foes of the farmers, or monopolies of land, water, transportation and education; of a protective tariff, currency and banking
634:
The Grange is a hierarchical organization ranging from local communities to the
National Grange organization. At the local level are community Granges, otherwise known as
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1820:
1749:
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1855:
931:(1822–1900). Botanist, landscaper, designer of Soldiers Cemetery in Gettysburg, PA. Founder of the National Grange. First Master/President of the National Grange
283:, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and
397:
The
Granger movement supported efforts by politicians to regulate rates charged by the railroads and grain warehouses. It claimed credit for the ideas of the
1464:
The Grange – Friend of the Farmer: A Concise
Reference History of America's Oldest Farm Organization, and the Only Rural Fraternity in the World, 1867–1947
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Strengthening individuals, families, and communities through service, education, nonpartisan grassroots advocacy, and agricultural awareness.
454:
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482:
1597:"Social Movements and Organizational Form: Cooperative Alternatives to Corporations in the American Insurance, Dairy, and Grain Industries"
1306:
In the past 15 years, Grange membership has fallen nearly 40 percent to 240,000 people. These days, fewer than 2 percent of
Americans farm.
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817:(1849–1919), California. Founder of the California Fruit Growers Union and U.S. delegate to the International Institute of Agriculture
747:
638:. All members are affiliated with at least one subordinate. In most states, multiple subordinate Granges are grouped together to form
805:(1826–1913). Agriculturalist, organizer. Primary founder of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. First Secretary of the National Grange
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1359:
1278:
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currently in the United States. However, this position has been somewhat revised, and the Grange now emphasizes an expansion in the
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908:
1810:
1251:
917:
599:
528:
1411:
The
Granger Movement: A Study of Agricultural Organization and its Political, Economic, and Social Manifestations, 1870–1880
1014:
398:
31:
1243:
The Rise of the Agricultural Welfare State: Institutions and Interest Group Power in the United States, France, and Japan
527:
In 2013, the Grange signed on to a letter to Congress calling for the doubling of legal immigration and legalization for
702:
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928:
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344:
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When the Grange first began in 1867, it borrowed some of its rituals and symbols from Freemasonry, including oaths,
295:
with a national scope. The Grange actively lobbied state legislatures and Congress for political goals, such as the
1850:
1825:
765:
489:
387:
603:
588:
419:," and so could be regulated by public law. However this achievement was overturned later by the Supreme Court in
1780:
949:
769:
697:
352:
101:
1745:"A Short History of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, also known as the National Grange" by Charles P. Gilliam
1683:– statistical tables showing membership in the Grange and other farm organizations by date and state and region
875:
450:
1102:
Origin and Progress of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry in the United States; A History from 1866 to 1873
1123:
Commons, John R.; Phillips, Ulrich B.; Gilmore, Eugene A.; Sumner, Helen L.; Andrews, John B., eds. (1911).
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97:
473:
In 2022, the National Grange reported a net gain in membership for the first time in almost seven decades.
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141:
1347:
The Masonic Myth: Unlocking the Truth About the Symbols, the Secret Rites, and the History of Freemasonry
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Rapid growth infused the national organization with money from dues, and many local granges established
57:
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340:
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1143:
Barns, William D. (July 1967). "Oliver Hudson Kelley and the Genesis of the Grange: A Reappraisal".
946:(1834–1894). Founder of the National Grange. First Lecturer/Program Director of the National Grange
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832:(1810–1885). Discoverer of California Gold. Charter member of Pilot Hill Grange #1 California
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1474:"Efforts of the Grange in the Middle West to Control the Price of Farm Machinery, 1870–1880"
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Knights of the Plow: Oliver H. Kelley and the Origins of the Grange in Republican Ideology
955:
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As of 2024, the Grange continues to press for the causes of farmers, including issues of
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1691:. Henry A Wallace Series on Agricultural History and Rural Studies. Iowa State Press.
378:
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841:
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409:. The peak of their political reputation was marked by the Supreme Court decision in
193:
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838:(1831–1894). Founder of the National Grange. Second Treasurer of the National Grange
1709:
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992:
972:
952:(1831–1902). Founder of the National Grange. Third Secretary of the National Grange
739:
481:
296:
265:
799:(???–1891), Founder of the National Grange. First Treasurer of the National Grange
777:(1803–1884), Founder of the National Grange. First Chaplain of the National Grange
371:. In 1873 the organization was united under a National Grange in Washington, D.C.
814:
573:
553:
492:, now a community center belonging to the North Smithfield Heritage Association.
328:
284:
151:
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1074:
1039:
Goss, Albert S. (February 1947). "Legislative Program of the National Grange".
1004:
episode "Times of Change", Charles Ingalls attends a Grange meeting in Chicago.
17:
1766:
1126:
A Documentary History of American Industrial Society, Volume X: Labor Movement
646:
497:
159:
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532:
155:
1526:
The Privileged Few: The Grange and its People in Nineteenth Century Ontario
1663:"Memberships of General Farmers' Organizations, United States, 1874–1960"
1545:
Women of the Grange: Mutuality and Sisterhood in Rural America, 1866–1920
1620:
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organization; virtually all policy originates at the subordinate level.
415:(1877), which held that grain warehouses were a "private utility in the
30:"Grange Hall" redirects here. For individual Grange Hall buildings, see
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In February 2024, the National Grange revised their Mission Statement:
1579:
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811:(1836–1920). Confederate general and organizer of the Alabama Grange
984:, a Grange sign is included on the "Welcome to Hill Valley" marker.
62:
Promotional poster, ca. 1873, that offers a "gift for the grangers"
1723:
665:
480:
470:
has the largest membership of any state, at approximately 13,000.
377:
260:
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247:
1401:
In Essentials, Unity: An Economic History of the Grange Movement
1132:. Cleveland, Ohio: The Arthur H. Clark Company. pp. 71–138.
1507:
People, Pride, and Progress: 125 Years of the Grange in America
449:, Grangers were involved in several political movements in the
1595:
Schneiberg, Marc; King, Marissa; Smith, Thomas (August 2008).
937:(1813–1890), California. California pioneer, father-in-law of
567:
1105:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. A. Weggenseller. p. 12.
655:
In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas
856:(born 1965), Washington. Bass guitarist for the rock band
1760:
1736:
Maryland State Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry records
1468:– historical account of the organization's first 80 years
1755:
National Grange of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry
850:(1905–1970), Indiana. 16th Master of the National Grange
281:
The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
1638:"The Grange and the Credit Problem in Dakota Territory"
1176:. University Press of Mississippi. pp. Chapter 1.
844:(1820–1885), Oregon. United States Senator from Oregon
1750:
Background, History, Ritual and Emblems of the Grange
744:
California State Superintendent of Public Instruction
1846:
National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
1323:
National Grange of The Order of Patrons of Husbandry
1273:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 154–156.
382:
1967 U.S. postage stamp honoring the National Grange
50:
National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
1484:(4). Organization of American Historians: 473–496.
1391:
Semi-Centennial History of the Patrons of Husbandry
307:center of rural life for many farming communities.
242:
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133:
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85:
67:
1861:Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1607:(4). American Sociological Association: 635–667.
670:Grange membership badge from Plainville, New York
339:. Seven men and one woman co-founded the Grange:
1431:"The Grange and Farmer Education in Mississippi"
1173:Rich Harvest: A History of the Grange, 1867–1900
27:Agricultural advocacy group in the United States
1574:(4). Southern Historical Association: 473–487.
1441:(4). Southern Historical Association: 497–512.
1270:Born in the Country: A History of Rural America
514:
506:
1118:
1116:
1114:
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291:in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural
8:
1673:(3). Agricultural History Society: 143–156.
1151:(3). Agricultural History Society: 229–242.
323:, after a personal interview with President
43:
783:(1838–1918), Founder of the National Grange
678:(1828–1887), South Carolina. Member of the
602:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
301:rural free mail delivery by the Post Office
1728:
1648:(2). Agricultural History Society: 59–83.
1246:. Princeton University Press. p. 60.
909:First Lady of the United States of America
56:
42:
1509:. Washington, D.C.: The National Grange.
960:President of the United States of America
918:President of the United States of America
622:Learn how and when to remove this message
299:to lower rates charged by railroads, and
1876:1867 establishments in the United States
1466:. Washington, D.C.: The National Grange.
543:
1031:
390:, initially supplied by the wholesaler
901:(1894–1978), Vermont. American painter
764:(born 1892), Virginia. Founder of the
757:United States Secretary of Agriculture
725:United States Secretary of Agriculture
716:United States Secretary of Agriculture
680:United States House of Representatives
521:anyone is welcome to join the Grange.
453:in the late 19th century, such as the
1871:Secret societies in the United States
1856:Economic history of the United States
425:(1886). The Grange also endorsed the
169:National Grange Headquarters Building
7:
1564:"The Grange in the South, 1870–1877"
1562:Saloutos, Theodore (November 1953).
1478:Mississippi Valley Historical Review
1429:Ferguson, James S. (November 1942).
600:adding citations to reliable sources
1325:. The National Grange. June 7, 2017
1221:Kelley (1875), Publisher's Preface.
1020:Order of the Sovereigns of Industry
925:(1843–?), agriculturist, suffragist
748:University of California, Berkeley
746:. Professor of Agriculture at the
25:
1866:Organizations established in 1867
1636:Schell, Herbert S. (April 1936).
1294:Krishnan, Sonia (July 29, 2007).
696:(1854–1934), New Hampshire. 49th
427:temperance cause to avoid alcohol
1765:
1740:University of Maryland Libraries
1472:Hirsch, Arthur H. (March 1929).
1414:. University of Nebraska Press.
1394:. New York: Orange Judd Company.
971:The song "Grange Hall Dance" by
874:(1865–1946), Pennsylvania. 28th
572:
287:. The Grange, founded after the
1811:New International Encyclopedia
1661:Tontz, Robert L. (July 1964).
1388:Atkeson, Thomas Clark (1916).
1099:Kelley, Oliver Hudson (1875).
1:
1015:List of Grange Hall buildings
742:(1819–1894), California. 7th
714:(1928–2018), Minnesota. 20th
500:and farm policy. In its 2006
399:Cooperative Extension Service
32:List of Grange Hall buildings
1601:American Sociological Review
1462:Gardner, Charles M. (1949).
1079:Minnesota Historical Society
958:(1884–1972), Missouri. 33rd
916:(1882–1945), New York. 32nd
892:(1869–1939), Delaware. 57th
865:(1861 – 1954), Oregon. 17th
823:(1824–1905), Michigan. 21st
789:(1922 - 2011), Oregon. 29th
732:(1893 - 1987), Kansas. 30th
723:(1903–1992), Colorado. 14th
36:Grange Hall (disambiguation)
1568:Journal of Southern History
1435:Journal of Southern History
1408:Buck, Solon Justus (1913).
1240:Sheingate, Adam D. (2003).
1001:Little House on the Prairie
755:(1827–1911), New York. 1st
705:(1845–1909), Vermont. 50th
687:(1904–1971), Vermont. 68th
652:The motto of the Grange is
466:insurance for its members.
445:While the Grange was not a
431:direct election of Senators
171:1616 H Street NW, Suite 200
1892:
1781:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1757:, Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1613:10.1177/000312240807300406
1528:. Art Gallery of Ontario.
1524:Lownsbrough, John (1980).
1207:. A. L. Bancroft. p.
766:Future Farmers of Virginia
490:Slatersville, Rhode Island
29:
1687:Woods, Thomas A. (2002).
1543:Marti, Donald B. (1991).
1505:Howard, David H. (1992).
1319:"Immigration & Visas"
1267:Danbom, David B. (2006).
1041:Journal of Farm Economics
883:(1822–1912), Maine. 39th
770:Future Farmers of America
698:Governor of New Hampshire
317:Department of Agriculture
234:Executive Committee Chair
55:
48:
1403:. Ohio University Press.
1170:Nordin, D. Sven (1974).
876:Governor of Pennsylvania
451:Midwestern United States
388:consumers' co-operatives
315:The commissioner of the
1826:The American Cyclopædia
907:(1884–1962), New York.
836:Francis Marion McDowell
793:, United States Senator
736:, United States Senator
548:Grange in session, 1873
529:undocumented immigrants
224:National Vice President
152:Agrarian interest group
73:; 156 years ago
1796:Encyclopedia Americana
1399:Bourne, Jenny (2017).
671:
549:
540:Rituals and ceremonies
518:
510:
502:Journal of Proceedings
493:
383:
269:
156:Agricultural education
142:Fraternal organization
34:. For other uses, see
1821:Husbandry, Patrons of
1776:Husbandry, Patrons of
1770:Texts on Wikisource:
1761:New York State Grange
1706:Other primary sources
1374:Nordin (1974), p. 10.
1230:Kelley (1875), p. 39.
914:Franklin D. Roosevelt
669:
547:
484:
461:Decline in membership
392:Aaron Montgomery Ward
381:
263:
160:Grassroots organizing
71:December 4, 1867
1667:Agricultural History
1642:Agricultural History
1344:Kinney, Jay (2009).
1145:Agricultural History
894:Governor of Delaware
825:Governor of Michigan
803:Oliver Hudson Kelley
596:improve this section
341:Oliver Hudson Kelley
90:Oliver Hudson Kelley
762:Henry C. Groseclose
707:Governor of Vermont
689:Governor of Vermont
636:subordinate Granges
403:Rural Free Delivery
349:Francis M. McDowell
279:, officially named
273:The National Grange
98:Francis M. McDowell
45:
44:The National Grange
989:Live at the Grange
981:Back to the Future
966:In popular culture
890:Robert P. Robinson
867:Governor of Oregon
848:Herschel D. Newsom
797:William M. Ireland
791:Governor of Oregon
753:Norman Jay Coleman
734:Governor of Kansas
721:Charles F. Brannan
694:Nahum J. Bachelder
672:
550:
494:
422:Wabash v. Illinois
407:Farm Credit System
384:
365:William M. Ireland
270:
214:National President
114:William M. Ireland
1851:Agrarian politics
1301:The Seattle Times
1296:"Beyond Potlucks"
1198:Carr, Ezra Slocum
905:Eleanor Roosevelt
885:Governor of Maine
830:James W. Marshall
632:
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486:Union Grange Hall
441:Partisan politics
258:
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238:Lynette Schaeffer
182:Farmers' movement
16:(Redirected from
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781:Caroline A. Hall
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412:Munn v. Illinois
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712:Robert Bergland
703:Charles J. Bell
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1082:. Retrieved
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988:
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950:John Trimble
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266:Solon, Maine
228:John Benedik
166:Headquarters
102:John Trimble
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815:David Lubin
285:agriculture
201:Membership
1840:Categories
1253:0691116288
1026:References
987:The album
647:grassroots
612:March 2014
498:free trade
468:Washington
405:, and the
277:The Grange
124:Founded at
78:1867-12-04
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939:John Muir
583:does not
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289:Civil War
275:, a.k.a.
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1791:Grangers
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337:New York
333:Fredonia
208:~140,000
1829:. 1879.
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643:Granges
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311:History
243:Website
178:Origins
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1130:(PDF)
1057:JSTOR
477:Today
329:Mason
1693:ISBN
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1331:2019
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