252:
32:
204:. Negotiations were held between the SIN and the KGB for the training of agents, exchange of intelligence and cooperation in security measures. The KGB assigned two operations officers and a technical specialist as liaison points with the SIN in Lima. With the support of the SIN, the KGB carried out actions in Peru against the
351:. This was after Montesinos was discovered paying bribes to important figures in politics, the arts and the military. These activities were financed with public resources and apparently with other types of sources of dubious origin. For this reason, and due to the scandalous budget irregularities, the
617:
El conservador expresidente Manuel Prado tuvo razones para crear el SIN durante el desarrollo de la Guerra Fría y la política hemisférica de contención al comunismo (Gómez de la Torre 2007a, 53; Gómez de la Torre 2014b, 106), donde los ejércitos de las
Fuerzas Armadas en América Latina estuvieron
821:
Lester: Though few questioned it , Montesinos was a novel choice. Peru's army had banished him for selling secrets to
America's CIA, but he'd prospered as a defence lawyer – for accused drug traffickers. ... Lester: Did Fujmori control Montesinos or did Montesinos control Fujimori? ...
235:, under the always inconvenient modality of delegated legislation, that is, through Legislative Decrees No. 270 and 271. Both constitute the first real attempt to institutionalise Peruvian intelligence, creating and designing for such purposes the Superior Intelligence Council (
366:
in almost all processes that are linked to the SIN's budget management. After its deactivation, the service continued to be limitedly operated in 2001 by a decree law that financed it. Law No. 27479 of June 5 ultimately created the
National Intelligence Council
279:, used the agency for political purposes. Funding for the agency was not supervised by Congress; SIN's budget grew fifty times larger between 1990 and 2000, with the budget being between $ 96 million and $ 108 million in the latter year. In 2000,
618:
predominantemente bajo las influencias doctrinarias norteamericana y francesa (Masterson 2001; Gómez de la Torre 2007b; Gómez de la Torre 2014b) para enfrentar el fenómeno de la guerra no convencional (Masterson 2001; Medrano 2009)
251:
263:
promulgated Decree Law No. 25635, which specified that the
National Intelligence Service (SINA) was the central and governing body of the National Intelligence System, it had a ministerial rank, depended on the
567:
268:
and is responsible for producing, integrating, directing, coordinating, controlling and carrying out intelligence and counterintelligence activities required by
National Security and Defence.
316:
Under
Montesinos, the agency was surrounded by a halo of mystery, as it was considered the main responsible for cases of torture, murders, kidnappings and acts of repression against
185:
376:
66:
357:
396:
883:
1003:
285:
reported that around 2,300 people were agents of the organisation. Montesinos used the agency to gather and control all information within Peru.
505:
983:
681:
Abad, Samuel (2001). "La reforma del servicio de inteligencia nacional: Aportes para un diseño y control democráticos". In Mora, Daniel (ed.).
920:
690:
551:
332:", reported that a sub-basement existed where political opponents were imprisoned, tortured and killed. According to them, those killed were
302:
988:
720:
808:
641:
213:
785:
321:
910:
348:
31:
231:
Years later, the regulations of the SIN in Peru would be modernised only in 1984, during the government of
President
777:
150:
352:
290:
165:
created the
National Intelligence Service (SIN) by Supreme Decree in a stage characterised by the triumph of the
149:
that existed from 1960 to 2001. It was headquartered at the Quiñones
Building, the headquarters of the country's
340:
and a smell of burnt hair was present within the facility. By 1998, the group was alleged to be related to the
298:
294:
193:
243:, CSI), a collegiate entity for decision-making of the intelligence system and to promote its specialisation.
943:"¿Quién vigilará a nuestros vigilantes? (Reinventando a Juvenal ante el Foro de Roma, en Perú y Sudamérica)"
543:
912:
Democratización de la función de inteligencia: el nexo de la cultura nacional y la inteligencia estratégica
839:
162:
893:
859:
998:
657:
189:
915:(in Spanish). National Defense Intelligence College, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research. 2009.
387:, DINIE), themselves dissolved through Law No. 28664, which created the National Intelligence System (
515:
463:
416:
276:
232:
993:
347:
The service was deactivated by
President Alberto Fujimori in October 2000, under pressure from the
169:, the phenomenon of unconventional war, and the process of recent modernisation carried out by the
142:
749:
433:
146:
79:
962:
916:
884:"Pérez de Cuéllar: Servicio de Inteligenci Nacional sigue y seguirá funcionando [sic]"
826:: As information comes out, it seems increasingly clear that Montesinos was the power in Peru.
781:
696:
686:
637:
631:
608:
588:
547:
482:
363:
265:
942:
344:. For that, 45 days were offered to proceed with the complete deactivation by Marcial Rubio.
954:
864:
804:
739:
729:
662:
600:
400:
388:
380:
368:
260:
236:
166:
124:
823:
317:
572:
510:
281:
977:
753:
325:
174:
170:
658:"Fujimori no ha desactivado el servicio de inteligencia ni destituido a Montesinos"
341:
337:
329:
289:
was common by SIN agents under Montesinos. Surveillance cameras were placed at the
201:
931:
537:
840:"Nuevas acusaciones de torturas y asesinatos contra el servicio secreto de Peru"
604:
286:
888:
844:
966:
734:
715:
612:
700:
225:
958:
333:
306:
259:
In July 1992, the Government of Emergency and National Reconstruction of
178:
744:
362:
carried out a control action, the result of which has been used by the
271:
During Fujimori's administration, the agency's power expanded, and its
774:
Spin dictators : the changing face of tyranny in the 21st century
209:
250:
217:
310:
221:
868:
685:(in Spanish). Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. pp. 53–72.
666:
205:
197:
683:
Las fuerzas armadas en la transición democrática en el Perú
224:. In addition, joint operations were carried out in Chile,
309:
visited by politicians and in other locations throughout
593:
URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad
591:[Origins in the intelligence process in Peru].
255:
Quiñones Building, where the agency was headquartered.
936:(in Spanish). J.R.C.C. Estudios y Proyectos Sociales.
860:"Ampliado en 30 días el plazo para desactivar el SIN"
589:"Orígenes en el proceso de inteligencia en el Perú"
109:
101:
93:
85:
75:
59:
51:
43:
38:
933:Inteligencia estratégica en un Estado democrático
313:, all being personally reviewed by Montesinos.
941:De la Torre Rotta, Andrés Gómez (2008-01-01).
716:"How to Subvert Democracy: Montesinos in Peru"
633:The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB in the World
587:Gómez de la Torre Rotta, Andrés (2017-11-13).
385:Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Estratégica
377:National Directorate of Strategic Intelligence
134:
8:
714:McMillan, John; Zoido, Pablo (Autumn 2004).
19:
743:
733:
531:
529:
527:
525:
499:
497:
493:
442:Mario Villavicencio Alcázar (1980–1981)
799:
797:
568:"¿En dónde quedaba la salita del SIN?"
445:Ludwig Essenwanger Sánchez (1981–1982)
18:
469:Humberto Rozas Bonuccelli (1998–2000)
457:Julio Velásquez Giacarini (1985–1986)
7:
767:
765:
763:
721:The Journal of Economic Perspectives
415:The following list does not include
397:National Directorate of Intelligence
228:and other Latin American countries.
809:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
504:Gutiérrez R., Miguel (2000-12-03).
454:Javier Ernesto Rocha Mujica (-1985)
16:Defunct intelligence agency of Peru
405:Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia
318:opponents of Fujimori's government
303:Jorge Chávez International Airport
14:
200:, the intelligence agency of the
130:Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional
25:Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional
930:Castro Contreras, Jaime (2004).
472:Luis Rodríguez Silva (2000–2001)
393:Sistema de Inteligencia Nacional
373:Consejo Nacional de Inteligencia
241:Consejo Superior de Inteligencia
30:
460:Edwin Díaz Zevallos (1986–1991)
439:Juan Schroth Carlín (1976–1978)
349:Organization of American States
328:, known locally as "The little
161:On January 26, 1961, President
1004:2000 disestablishments in Peru
506:"Estos son los espías del SIN"
1:
984:Defunct intelligence agencies
838:Puertas, Laura (1998-03-18).
539:Historical Dictionary of Peru
208:and against the embassies of
121:National Intelligence Service
20:National Intelligence Service
892:. 2001-02-08. Archived from
353:General Comptroller's Office
173:. This was important in the
989:Government agencies of Peru
630:Christopher Andrew (2014).
605:10.17141/urvio.21.2017.2940
1020:
778:Princeton University Press
423:leader from 1990 to 2000.
320:. Former employees of the
636:. Penguin Books Limited.
536:Klarén, Peter F. (2017).
430:Rudecindo Zavaleta Rivera
266:President of the Republic
29:
24:
947:Inteligencia y Seguridad
735:10.1257/0895330042632690
544:Rowman & Littlefield
427:Eduardo Segura Gutiérrez
772:Guriev, Sergei (2023).
451:Eduardo Colunge Guevara
105:$ 96-108 million (2000)
959:10.5211/iys.5.article4
404:
392:
384:
372:
256:
240:
163:Manuel Prado Ugarteche
135:
128:
254:
190:Juan Velasco Alvarado
546:. pp. 354–355.
464:Julio Salazar Monroe
417:Vladimiro Montesinos
277:Vladimiro Montesinos
780:. pp. 92–104.
448:Juan Bergelund Remy
247:Fujimori government
143:intelligence agency
21:
434:Rafael Hoyos Rubio
291:Legislative Palace
257:
147:Government of Peru
80:Government of Peru
60:Superseding agency
922:978-1-932946-21-5
692:978-9972-51-054-0
553:978-1-5381-0668-6
483:Peruvian conflict
299:Government Palace
295:Palace of Justice
233:Fernando Belaúnde
117:
116:
1011:
970:
937:
926:
898:
897:
880:
874:
873:
856:
850:
849:
835:
829:
828:
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801:
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791:
769:
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747:
737:
711:
705:
704:
678:
672:
671:
654:
648:
647:
627:
621:
620:
584:
578:
577:
564:
558:
557:
533:
520:
519:
514:. Archived from
501:
395:, SINA) and the
361:
261:Alberto Fujimori
222:Peruvian capital
167:Cuban revolution
151:Defence Ministry
140:
34:
22:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1008:
974:
973:
940:
929:
923:
909:
906:
904:Further reading
901:
882:
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877:
858:
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853:
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836:
832:
814:
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803:
802:
795:
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651:
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629:
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586:
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581:
566:
565:
561:
554:
535:
534:
523:
503:
502:
495:
491:
479:
413:
375:, CNI) and the
355:
249:
220:present in the
159:
71:
39:Agency overview
17:
12:
11:
5:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
976:
975:
972:
971:
938:
927:
921:
905:
902:
900:
899:
896:on 2007-06-23.
875:
851:
830:
793:
786:
759:
706:
691:
673:
649:
643:978-0141977980
642:
622:
579:
559:
552:
521:
518:on 2002-04-21.
492:
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455:
452:
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431:
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412:
409:
248:
245:
192:, the SIN was
175:Latin American
158:
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115:
114:
111:
107:
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99:
98:
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91:
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45:
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36:
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27:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1016:
1005:
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997:
995:
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987:
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982:
981:
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968:
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956:
952:
948:
944:
939:
935:
934:
928:
924:
918:
914:
913:
908:
907:
903:
895:
891:
890:
885:
879:
876:
872:. 2000-10-27.
871:
870:
866:
861:
855:
852:
847:
846:
841:
834:
831:
827:
825:
811:. August 2002
810:
806:
800:
798:
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789:
787:9780691224473
783:
779:
775:
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766:
764:
760:
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746:
741:
736:
731:
727:
723:
722:
717:
710:
707:
702:
698:
694:
688:
684:
677:
674:
670:. 2000-09-20.
669:
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664:
659:
653:
650:
645:
639:
635:
634:
626:
623:
619:
614:
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606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
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576:. 2022-10-11.
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382:
378:
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359:
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339:
335:
331:
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326:Peruvian Army
323:
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308:
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269:
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214:United States
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171:Peruvian Army
168:
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156:
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148:
144:
139:
138:
132:
131:
126:
122:
112:
110:Parent agency
108:
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102:Annual budget
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
68:
65:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
999:1960 in Peru
953:(5): 35–52.
950:
946:
932:
911:
894:the original
887:
878:
863:
854:
843:
833:
820:
813:. Retrieved
773:
728:(4): 69–92.
725:
719:
709:
682:
676:
661:
652:
632:
625:
616:
596:
592:
582:
573:La República
571:
562:
538:
516:the original
511:La República
509:
420:
414:
346:
342:Colina Group
322:headquarters
315:
282:La República
280:
272:
270:
258:
230:
202:Soviet Union
183:
160:
136:
129:
120:
118:
97:2,300 (2000)
86:Headquarters
76:Jurisdiction
805:"Spymaster"
745:10419/76612
466:(1991–1998)
356: [
338:incinerator
287:Wiretapping
184:During the
113:Independent
994:Fujimorism
978:Categories
489:References
186:government
89:Lima, Peru
967:1887-293X
754:219372153
613:1390-4299
407:, DINI).
364:Judiciary
226:Argentina
177:cultural
141:) was an
94:Employees
52:Dissolved
865:El Mundo
815:29 March
701:48450122
663:El Mundo
477:See also
421:de facto
334:cremated
330:Pentagon
307:brothels
273:de facto
179:Cold War
889:Gestión
845:El País
824:Shifter
599:: 104.
401:Spanish
389:Spanish
381:Spanish
369:Spanish
324:of the
275:chief,
237:Spanish
196:to the
194:related
157:History
145:of the
125:Spanish
965:
919:
784:
752:
699:
689:
640:
611:
550:
436:(1976)
411:Chiefs
336:in an
297:, the
293:, the
212:, the
210:Mexico
44:Formed
750:S2CID
360:]
305:, at
218:Chile
67:DINIE
963:ISSN
951:2008
917:ISBN
817:2023
782:ISBN
697:OCLC
687:ISBN
638:ISBN
609:ISSN
548:ISBN
311:Lima
216:and
119:The
55:2001
47:1960
955:doi
869:EFE
740:hdl
730:doi
667:EFE
601:doi
206:CIA
198:KGB
188:of
137:SIN
133:or
980::
961:.
949:.
945:.
886:.
867:/
862:.
842:.
819:.
807:.
796:^
776:.
762:^
748:.
738:.
726:18
724:.
718:.
695:.
665:/
660:.
615:.
607:.
597:21
595:.
570:.
542:.
524:^
508:.
496:^
419:,
403::
391::
383::
371::
358:es
301:,
239::
181:.
153:.
127::
969:.
957::
925:.
848:.
790:.
756:.
742::
732::
703:.
646:.
603::
556:.
399:(
379:(
367:(
123:(
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