542:
forth the fines and jail sentences for the manufacture, sale and movement of alcoholic beverages, as well as set forth regulations that described those who would enforce the laws, what search and seizure powers law enforcement had or did not have, as well as how adjunction of violations would be in place, among many others. Despite these strict laws on alcohol commerce, there were numerous ways in which the possession and personal use of alcohol remained legal under the
Volstead Act. It was in fact legal to own alcoholic beverages that were obtained before the Prohibition, as well as serve these types of drinks to family or guests in the home with proof of purchase on hand. This allowed numerous individuals, specifically those who were wealthy to stockpile these beverages before Prohibition. Alcohol that was used for medical purposes remained legal under the Volstead Act. Physicians were limited on what they could prescribe their patients. They were allowed one pint of spirits every ten days, a restriction the American Medical Associate opposed for being inadequate. Pastors, priests, ministers, rabbis and others who practiced religious actions could acquire a permit to provide alcohol for sacramental purposes only. Alcohol for any industrial purposes were allowed in Title III of the Volstead Act, titled "Industrial Purposes."
500:
40:
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from the needed resources that were already scarce going into WWI. They argued that
Congress would have conserved food and coal much earlier had not liquor interests been placed above public welfare. This led to the War Time Prohibition Act in 1918. The case for wartime prohibition was strong and the prohibitionists could use their early successes under the necessities of mobilization to make the change permanent through a constitutional amendment in 1919.
607:
trend in bootlegging liquor created a domino effect among criminals across the United States. Some gang leaders had been stashing liquor months before the
Volstead Act was enforced. The ability to sustain a lucrative business in bootlegging liquor was largely helped by the minimal police surveillance at the time. There were only 134 agents designated by the Prohibition Unit to cover all of
606:
Prohibition came into force at 12:00:01 am on
January 17, 1920, and the first documented infringement of the Volstead Act occurred in Chicago on January 17 at 12:59 am. According to police reports, six armed men stole $ 100,000 worth of "medicinal" whiskey from two freight-train cars. This
541:
was approved on
November 21, 1918. This was passed to conserve grain by prohibiting its usage in the production of spirits. Title II of the Volstead Act, "Permanent National Prohibition," which was defined as "intoxicating beverages" containing greater than 0.5 percent alcohol. This section also set
511:
H.R. 6810, was the full name given to the
National Prohibition Act, which in short meant, "An act to prohibit intoxicating beverages, and to regulate the manufacture, production, and sale of high-proof spirits for other than beverage purposes, and to ensure an ample supply of alcohol and promote its
495:
was pushing for. Another factor that led to the passage of the
Volstead Act was the idea that in order to feed the allied nations there was a greater need for the grain that was being used to make whiskey. Prohibitionists also argued that the manufacture and transportation of liquor was taking away
490:
to push for national prohibition because there was a lot of prejudice and suspicion of foreigners following the war. Many reformers used the war to get measures passed and a major example of this was national prohibition. The league was successful in getting many states to ban alcohol prior to 1917
58:
An Act to prohibit intoxicating beverages, and to regulate the manufacture, production, use, and sale of high-proof spirits for other than beverage purposes, and to ensure an ample supply of alcohol and promote its use in scientific research and in the development of fuel, dye, and other lawful
711:, which repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, voiding the Volstead Act and restoring control of alcohol to the states. All states either made alcohol legal, or passed control over alcohol production and consumption to the counties and provinces they comprise. That led to the creation of
571:, became rich, and were admired locally and nationally. Enforcement was difficult because the gangs became so rich that they were often able to bribe underpaid and understaffed law-enforcement personnel, and afford expensive lawyers. Many citizens were sympathetic to
622:
Section 29 of the Act allowed 200 gallons (the equivalent of about 1000 750-ml bottles) of "non-intoxicating cider and fruit juice" to be made each year at home. Initially "intoxicating" was defined as exceeding 0.5% alcohol by volume, but the
491:
by claiming that to drink was to be pro-German and this had the intended results because many of the major breweries at the time had German names. Additionally, many saloons were immigrant-dominated which further supported the narrative that the
550:
The production, importation, and distribution of alcoholic beverages—once the province of legitimate business—was taken over by criminal gangs, which fought each other for market control in violent confrontations, including murder. Major
536:
The
Volstead Act consists of three main sections: (1) previously enacted war Prohibition, (2) Prohibition as designated by the Eighteenth Amendment, and (3) industrial alcohol use. Before the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment, the
631:
grapes were popular among home winemakers living near vineyards, but their tight bunches left their thin skins vulnerable to rot from rubbing and abrasion on the long journey to East Coast markets. The thick skins of
647:
voted to submit to
Congress a bill to remove the limit on the amount of whiskey that could be prescribed and questioned the ability of a legislature to determine the therapeutic value of any substance.
1102:
ALLOWS HOME BREW OVER HALF percent.; Internal
Revenue Ruling Applies Only to Beverages Consumed in Domiciles. MUST BE NON-INTOXICATING Beer Not Included, and Only Cider and Fruit Juices May Be Sold.
2551:
743:
595:. Those inclined to help authorities were often intimidated and even murdered. In several major cities – notably those that served as major points of liquor importation, including Chicago and
486:
The Volstead Act had a number of contributing factors that led to its ratification in 1919. For example, the formation of the Anti-Saloon League in 1893. The league used the after effects of
627:
struck that down in 1920, effectively legalizing home winemaking. For beer, however, the 0.5% limit remained until 1933. Some vineyards embraced the sale of grapes for making wine at home.
2493:
1460:
708:
2488:
1455:
1434:
700:
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vetoed the bill, Congress overrode his veto, and the bill went through on October 28, 1919. The Volstead Act went into play on January 16, 1920, where it became a challenge for the
451:
2566:
762:
Titles I, Title II sections 1, 27, 37, 38, and Title III were effective immediately. The remaining sections of Title II were effective when the 18th Amendment became effective.
2640:
2604:
1515:
733:
692:" (i.e. beer containing 3.2% alcohol by weight or 4% by volume) and wines of similarly low alcohol content, rather than the 0.5% limit defined by the original Volstead Act.
619:. According to Charles C. Fitzmorris, Chicago's chief of police during the beginning of the Prohibition period, "Sixty percent of my police in the bootleg business."
655:
According to Neely, "The Act called for trials for anyone charged with an alcohol-related offense, and juries often failed to convict. Under the state of New York's
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1478:
1468:
475:
178:
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was produced ostensibly to let people make grape juice from concentrate but it included a warning on its packaging telling people how to make wine from it.
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1473:
512:
use in scientific research and in the development of fuel, dye, and other lawful industries." Prohibition was originally proposed by a man by the name of
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1396:
738:
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362:
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The Act contained a number of exceptions and exemptions. Many of them were used to evade the law's intended purpose. For example, the Act allowed a
1952:
499:
425:
1662:
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to navigate through. The Volstead Act was presented to help promote the togetherness of federal and state legislation in regulating alcohol.
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1612:
2592:
383:
1320:
663:
Act, a short-lived local version of the Volstead Act, the first 4,000 arrests led to just six convictions and not one jail sentence".
252:
1137:
949:
881:
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to prescribe whiskey for his patients but limited the amount that could be prescribed. Subsequently, the House of Delegates of the
1074:
900:
Prohibition: going or coming? The eighteenth amendment and the Volstead act; facts versus fallacies and suggestions for the future
684:
violence increased. By 1933, public opposition to prohibition had become overwhelming. In March of that year, Congress passed the
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were less susceptible to rot, so that and similar varieties were widely planted for the home winemaking market.
39:
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1916:
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While the production, transport and sale of intoxicating liquor was illegal, their purchase was ruled legal in
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516:, and the proposition was brought to Congress as an amendment to the Constitution. Later, attorney
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raid on Detroit's Deutsches Haus once netted the mayor, the sheriff, and the local congressman.
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Origins of the Eighteenth Amendment: The prohibition movement in the federal system, 1880-1920
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1264:"Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Message to Congress on Repeal of the Volstead Act.," March 13, 1933"
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2005:
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1995:
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Prohibition lost support because ignoring the law gained increasing social acceptance and
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Regulated the growth of the opium poppy and prohibited private cultivation in most states.
330:
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proposed the first version of the bill, which Congress amended many times. President
517:
467:
1041:
Kobler, John. "Capone: The Life and World of Al Capone". Da Capo Press, 2003, p. 69.
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1980:
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1353:
National Prohibition Act (Volstead Act) in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
1312:
1263:
991:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives
927:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives
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583:." The loosening of social mores during the 1920s included popularizing the
580:
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993:(3 vols ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. p. 1340.
929:(3 vols ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: sage publications. p. 1339.
2371:
2316:
898:
310:
294:
944:(2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Palgrave. pp. 137–231.
876:(2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Palgrave. pp. 137–231.
1330:
1157:, 26:808 (1927). See also "Resolution in Regard to Volstead Act",
556:
498:
289:
Regulates labeling of products containing certain drugs including
1930:
704:
612:
575:, and respectable citizens were lured by the romance of illegal
1934:
1361:
27:
1919 US law initiating the prohibition of alcoholic beverages
1056:
A History of Wine in America From Prohibition to the Present
744:
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970
470:
conceived and drafted the bill, which was named after
897:
Shaw, Elton Raymond; Wheeler, Wayne Bidwell (1924).
699:, a proposed constitutional amendment to repeal the
2605:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
2580:
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2229:
1968:
1909:
1882:
1671:
1516:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
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734:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
251:
147:
127:
108:
103:
95:
84:
76:
63:
54:
46:
1172:"Prohibition's Grape Bricks: How to Not Make Wine"
113:
361:Alcohol prohibition repealed via 21st Amendment
345:Implemented 18th Amendment establishing alcohol
206:on October 8, 1919 (Voice vote) and by the
599:– gangs wielded significant political power. A
454:(ratified January 1919) which established the
1946:
1501:Association Against the Prohibition Amendment
1373:
419:
8:
32:
1270:. University of California – Santa Barbara.
1186:Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition
1115:
1113:
2641:United States federal criminal legislation
1953:
1939:
1931:
1563:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
1380:
1366:
1358:
739:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
426:
412:
363:Repeal of Prohibition in the United States
268:
200:Reported by the joint conference committee
1049:
1047:
703:to end prohibition. On December 5, 1933,
1005:"German American Cultural Center Online"
1030:Capone: The Life and World of Al Capone
755:
394:
381:
368:
352:
336:
320:
300:
280:
271:
238:Overridden by the Senate and became law
695:In February 1933, Congress passed the
196:on September 5, 1919 (Voice vote)
31:
1541:List of dry communities by U.S. state
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
920:
918:
261:Jacob Ruppert v. Caffey, 251 U.S. 264
99:October 28, 1919 and January 17, 1920
7:
1613:Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922
1199:"Liquor Purchaser No Guilty of Plot"
867:
865:
863:
861:
707:became the 36th state to ratify the
1465:Australian prohibition referendums
2636:Repealed United States legislation
1663:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
1461:21st Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
1456:18th Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
1296:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
1262:Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T.
1058:. University of California Press.
1009:www.germanamericanmetrodetroit.org
159:in the House as H.R. 6810 by
118:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
25:
2631:Prohibition in the United States
1132:p. 444. Simon and Schuster 1989
940:Tyrrell, Ian (January 1, 2015).
872:Tyrrell, Ian (January 1, 2015).
729:Prohibition in the United States
347:prohibition in the United States
194:Passed the Senate with amendment
38:
1890:National Prohibition Party (UK)
1268:The American Presidency Project
1155:California and Western Medicine
1151:The A.M.A. and the Volstead Act
478:, who managed the legislation.
1643:Voluntary Committee of Lawyers
1628:Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913
1:
1920:(2011 documentary miniseries)
1032:. Da Capo Press, 2003, p. 68.
2600:American Vineyard Foundation
645:American Medical Association
2656:66th United States Congress
1874:Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith
1491:American Temperance Society
1243:January 7, 1929. p. 10
989:Ruiz, Susan Mosher (2015).
925:Ruiz, Susan Mosher (2015).
532:Content of the Volstead Act
526:United States Supreme Court
507:Passage of the Volstead Act
448:66th United States Congress
390:Treaty to control marijuana
272:Major United States federal
253:United States Supreme Court
90:66th United States Congress
2672:
2588:American Viticultural Area
1901:Scottish Prohibition Party
1313:10.4135/9781412965811.n247
1188:, Scribners, 2010, p. 253.
1130:Vintage: The Story of Wine
1077:February 16, 2008, at the
625:Bureau of Internal Revenue
442:, known informally as the
303:Harrison Narcotics Tax Act
240:on October 28, 1919 (
230:on October 27, 1919 (
210:on October 10, 1919 (
476:House Judiciary Committee
403:Scheduling list for drugs
397:Controlled Substances Act
259:
179:House Judiciary Committee
152:
37:
1479:Western Australian, 1950
1469:Western Australian, 1925
1287:"Prohibition of Alcohol"
855:, Vol. 65, pp. 7633–7634
842:, Vol. 65, pp. 7610–7611
829:, Vol. 65, pp. 6697–6698
539:War Time Prohibition Act
450:designed to execute the
440:National Prohibition Act
33:National Prohibition Act
18:National Prohibition Act
1854:William Harvey Thompson
1814:The LaMontages brothers
1633:United Kingdom Alliance
1054:Pinney, Thomas (2005).
715:, most of which are in
669:United States v. Norris
384:Convention on Narcotics
371:Opium Poppy Control Act
228:Overridden by the House
204:agreed to by the Senate
186:on July 22, 1919 (
175:Committee consideration
2494:Twenty-first Amendment
1689:Thomas Holliday Barker
1285:Kuhl, Jackson (2008).
965:Hamm, Richard (1987).
709:Twenty-first Amendment
546:Enforcement and impact
503:
283:Pure Food and Drug Act
2511:Vine and Olive Colony
1759:Frederic Richard Lees
1653:Wickersham Commission
1521:Bureau of Prohibition
1474:New South Wales, 1928
1435:Russia / Soviet Union
1299:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
601:Michigan State Police
502:
329:Required taxation of
2651:1919 in American law
2489:Eighteenth Amendment
1307:. pp. 400–401.
1092:Time August 6, 1928.
942:Transnational Nation
874:Transnational Nation
853:Congressional Record
840:Congressional Record
827:Congressional Record
814:Congressional Record
801:Congressional Record
788:Congressional Record
774:Congressional Record
701:Eighteenth Amendment
593:socioeconomic groups
446:, was an act of the
202:on October 6, 1919;
1839:Howard Hyde Russell
1658:Willis–Campbell Act
1623:Temperance movement
1526:Cullen–Harrison Act
1389:Alcohol prohibition
1161:3(9):598–99 (1927).
688:, which legalized "
686:Cullen–Harrison Act
224:on October 27, 1919
148:Legislative history
50:War Prohibition Act
34:
1684:Harry J. Anslinger
1578:Neo-prohibitionism
1568:Molly Pitcher Club
1496:Anti-Saloon League
1159:Bull N Y Acad Med.
1105:The New York Times
816:, Vol. 65, p. 6552
803:, Vol. 65, p. 4908
790:, Vol. 65, p. 3005
777:, Vol. 65, p. 1944
504:
493:Anti-Saloon League
482:Historical context
474:, chairman of the
464:Anti-Saloon League
171:) on June 27, 1919
47:Other short titles
2618:
2617:
2431:St. Vincent grape
1928:
1927:
1895:Prohibition Party
1883:Political parties
1819:Lanzetta Brothers
1734:Clinton N. Howard
1679:Martha Meir Allen
1207:. October 4, 1929
1065:978-0-520-24176-3
634:Alicante Bouschet
436:
435:
323:Marihuana Tax Act
275:drug control laws
267:
266:
130:Statutes at Large
16:(Redirected from
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2312:Gamay Beaujolais
1955:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1834:Arnold Rothstein
1744:Enoch L. Johnson
1583:Roaring Twenties
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1184:Okrent, Daniel.
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903:. Shaw Pub. Co.
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184:Passed the House
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2230:Grape cultivars
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1964:
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1929:
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1905:
1878:
1869:Frances Willard
1859:Andrew Volstead
1824:The Purple Gang
1789:J. Howard Moore
1729:J. Edgar Hoover
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1648:Webb–Kenyon Act
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1279:Further reading
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1079:Wayback Machine
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682:organized crime
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615:, and parts of
579:, also called "
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514:Richmond Hobson
509:
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472:Andrew Volstead
432:
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161:Andrew Volstead
129:
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85:Enacted by
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2581:Other topics
2562:South Dakota
2499:Volstead Act
2498:
2357:Minnesota 78
2267:Cayuga White
2176:South Dakota
2166:Rhode Island
2161:Pennsylvania
2141:North Dakota
1917:
1829:George Remus
1809:Roy Olmstead
1774:Owney Madden
1754:Meyer Lansky
1714:Texas Guinan
1709:Waxey Gordon
1704:Mickey Duffy
1638:Volstead Act
1637:
1558:Local option
1295:
1267:
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1185:
1180:
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1154:
1145:
1129:
1124:
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1097:
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1012:. Retrieved
1008:
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969:. p. 7.
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713:dry counties
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581:blind tigers
561:Tom Dennison
549:
535:
510:
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444:Volstead Act
443:
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339:Volstead Act
338:
237:
234:, 3 Present)
227:
217:
214:, 1 Present)
207:
203:
199:
193:
190:, 3 Present)
183:
174:
156:
143:–323, ch. 85
80:Volstead Act
68:(colloquial)
29:
2646:1919 in law
2527:New England
2484:Prohibition
2461:Vidal blanc
2426:Scuppernong
2377:Olmo grapes
2342:La Crescent
2091:Mississippi
2006:Connecticut
1918:Prohibition
1749:Norman Kerr
1719:Frank Hamer
1618:Teetotalism
1588:Rum-running
1506:Bathtub gin
1128:H. Johnson
577:speakeasies
573:bootleggers
488:World War I
456:prohibition
2625:Categories
2557:New Mexico
2552:New Jersey
2479:California
2441:Traminette
2292:Corot noir
2206:Washington
2126:New Mexico
2121:New Jersey
1996:California
1804:Eliot Ness
1794:Bugs Moran
1593:Rum Patrol
1531:Dry county
1511:Blaine Act
1405:Bangladesh
1397:By country
1331:2008009151
1090:Fizz Water
750:References
697:Blaine Act
555:, such as
355:Blaine Act
309:Regulates
157:Introduced
109:Public law
59:industries
55:Long title
2436:St. Pepin
2414:Massasoit
2352:Marquette
2347:La Crosse
2327:Jaeger 70
2322:Ives noir
2307:Frontenac
2302:Edelweiss
2282:Chardonel
2237:Alexander
2216:Wisconsin
2181:Tennessee
2086:Minnesota
2061:Louisiana
1769:Sam Maceo
1699:Al Capone
1608:Speakeasy
1573:Moonshine
1536:Dry state
1339:750831024
1241:Time Inc.
1072:Chapter 1
909:247994942
717:the South
641:physician
629:Zinfandel
617:Wisconsin
569:Al Capone
553:gangsters
331:marijuana
104:Citations
96:Effective
77:Nicknames
2610:Meritage
2572:Virginia
2547:Missouri
2537:Illinois
2520:Wineries
2504:Vine-Glo
2456:Vignoles
2446:Thomcord
2337:Lakemont
2332:Kay Gray
2297:Delaware
2201:Virginia
2151:Oklahoma
2131:New York
2106:Nebraska
2096:Missouri
2081:Michigan
2071:Maryland
2056:Kentucky
2036:Illinois
2011:Delaware
2001:Colorado
1991:Arkansas
1553:Jazz Age
1449:By topic
1247:March 3,
1211:March 3,
1075:Archived
723:See also
690:3.2 beer
650:Vine-Glo
609:Illinois
587:and the
585:cocktail
135:41
65:Acronyms
2471:History
2409:Herbert
2382:Royalty
2362:Niagara
2287:Clinton
2277:Concord
2272:Cassady
2262:Catawba
2221:Wyoming
2196:Vermont
2101:Montana
2041:Indiana
2021:Georgia
2016:Florida
1986:Arizona
1976:Alabama
1910:Related
1598:Rum row
1420:Iceland
1415:Finland
1293:(ed.).
597:Detroit
565:Chicago
315:cocaine
311:opiates
291:cocaine
188:295-105
114:Pub. L.
2542:Kansas
2404:Goethe
2372:Noiret
2367:Norton
2317:Himrod
2242:Agawam
2156:Oregon
2111:Nevada
2051:Kansas
2026:Hawaii
1981:Alaska
1672:People
1410:Canada
1337:
1329:
1319:
1136:
1070:p. 2.
1062:
948:
907:
880:
676:Repeal
657:Mullan
462:. The
295:heroin
263:(1920)
232:210-73
218:Vetoed
212:230-69
139:
120:
2532:Idaho
2419:Requa
2399:Flora
2389:Onaka
2186:Texas
2066:Maine
2031:Idaho
1897:(USA)
1548:Islam
1425:India
1289:. In
851:1919
838:1919
825:1919
812:1919
799:1919
786:1919
771:1919
557:Omaha
395:1970
382:1961
369:1942
353:1933
337:1919
321:1937
301:1914
281:1906
255:cases
242:65-20
208:House
137:Stat.
122:66–66
2593:list
2567:Utah
2247:Beta
2191:Utah
2146:Ohio
2046:Iowa
1430:Iran
1335:OCLC
1327:LCCN
1317:ISBN
1301:Sage
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