1889:
3651:, offenses were often prosecuted at the direction of local party authorities through their control of local Commissions for Discipline Inspection (CDIs) and procuratorial organs. While these authorities theoretically reported to their superior commissions at the next higher level of administration (i.e. the municipal organ would report to the provincial one, the provincial organ would report into the CCDI), in addition to answering to the local party leadership, in reality the local CDIs only answered to local party leaders, as they controlled the budgets, personnel, and resources of these organizations. This often led to arbitrary exercise of power and political selectiveness in the targets of corruption efforts.
4764:
4105:
40:
246:
3694:'s General Administration of Anti-Corruption and Bribery) merged with a communist party body (the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection) the form the National Supervisory Commission. The merged state agencies were dissolved but the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection continues to exist, sharing its offices and resources with the National Supervisory Commission. The formation of the National Supervisory Commission centralized control of anti-corruption resources to the central authorities and was aimed at curbing local interference in anti-corruption efforts.
3486:
1899:
1872:
3616:. The system has been functioning for more than two thousand years. The names and structures of the supervisory offices may vary from one dynasty to another. However, they share the same values. For centuries, these offices aimed to uphold justice, enforce discipline and supervise government ethics. To achieve the goals, government officials periodically investigated, conducted visits and reported cases of impeachment to emperors.
3705:
The
National Supervisory Commission's jurisdiction includes all public sector employees. Evidence it gathers is admissible in court proceedings (previously, prosecutors had to conduct independent investigations to gather evidence after a case was referred by the Central Commission for Discipline
3639:
While the
Communist Party had institutionalized internal mechanisms for combating corruption in some form since its founding and the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, it was apparent that it was largely ineffective at curbing systemic corruption, and otherwise had no legal
3627:
advocated a five-power constitution to spearhead the
Chinese revolution. Drawing from the Western separation of powers (three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary), he added another two traditional Chinese government powers, examination and supervision (control), to propose the
3927:
3678:
was proposed to make national and local supervision commissions official state organs. Local commissions will be appointed by local peoples' congresses at county and higher level and will be accountable to them and to the supervision commission at the higher level.
425:
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1850:
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1298:
1966:
2296:
2283:
1804:
1167:
1830:
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604:
7709:
6005:
4797:
1817:
1288:
1184:
398:
1163:
4905:
2273:
407:
1860:
1835:
1778:
380:
3182:
682:
1840:
926:
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337:
1752:
1611:
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5271:
4710:
1364:
1131:
978:
922:
498:
2998:
2574:
1481:
4578:
4072:
7831:
1982:
639:
4792:
4195:
3568:
3290:
1403:
1349:
1272:
5952:
5711:
1138:
452:
7770:
1324:
1312:
516:
511:
506:
3414:
7628:
7587:
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4900:
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1467:
1220:
884:
874:
389:
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587:
323:
259:
44:
5442:
4850:
3877:
3331:
3119:
2624:
1643:
951:
7077:
Army generals listed have attained at least the rank of Major
General, which usually enjoys the same administrative privileges as a civilian official of sub-provincial rank.
1880:
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5312:
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1992:
1918:
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1987:
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939:
632:
359:
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5205:
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1845:
1383:
7738:
2409:
1604:
1093:
915:
305:
5664:
7841:
7821:
7536:
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5981:
5475:
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3321:
2670:
1570:
1153:
7879:
7714:
7558:
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3571:. The deputy directors and Members of the commission are nominated by the Director and are appointed by the National People's Congress Standing Committee.
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1225:
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612:
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7622:
4942:
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4094:
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1575:
1339:
935:
328:
3842:
1975:
3835:"Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Formulation of Supervisory Regulations by the National Supervisory Commission"
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5470:
5144:
4953:
3794:
3789:
3648:
3599:
2543:
2353:
2046:
1997:
1197:
284:
7656:
5327:
5298:
4705:
4677:
3687:
3087:
3067:
2373:
1924:
1344:
911:
582:
483:
1276:
7698:
7563:
5156:
4682:
3363:
2911:
2665:
1369:
752:
7786:
7703:
5866:
5716:
4645:
3391:
3327:
1599:
1558:
767:
761:
733:
540:
7939:
7924:
7650:
7592:
7521:
5777:
5732:
5231:
3799:
3629:
2810:
2759:
2064:
895:
740:
371:
7869:
7864:
7645:
7575:
7106:
5782:
5706:
5332:
3608:
as
General Secretary of the Communist Party. The NSC roots originated from the imperial Chinese supervision system which originated in the
3270:
3250:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3072:
2551:
1961:
1949:
1943:
1374:
4006:
3604:
The
National Supervisory Commission was formed as part of a series of reforms to China's anti-corruption system during the first term of
2534:
2529:
1898:
7791:
7686:
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4563:
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2148:
2143:
2136:
811:
266:
5418:
4882:
4427:
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3691:
3557:
2111:
2105:
245:
39:
1871:
7884:
7874:
7781:
6668:
5224:
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2477:
2394:
2199:
7894:
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5896:
5584:
5512:
3516:
3300:
2685:
7899:
7668:
7662:
7134:
6346:
6094:
5757:
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5377:
5372:
4087:
3671:. Provincial level chiefs of Discipline Inspection began serving concurrently as heads of the local Supervisory Commissions.
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2482:
2165:
1797:
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1334:
1316:
662:
179:
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95:
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5598:
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5305:
4922:
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2192:
2155:
709:
555:
550:
271:
5861:
5747:
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3038:
2509:
2160:
1765:
699:
677:
5281:
4855:
3434:
3404:
1875:
3567:
and shall not serve more than two consecutive terms. The
Director reports to the National People's Congress and the
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7032:
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5871:
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5809:
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3540:
is the highest supervisory and anti-corruption authority of the People's
Republic of China. Formed in 2018 by an
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According to the 2018 Constitution, the
Director of the National Supervisory Commission is elected by the
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3018:
3011:
2957:
2754:
2170:
2131:
2092:
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70:
3979:
Deng, Jinting (March 2018). "The
National Supervision Commission: A New Anti-corruption Model in China".
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2255:
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1119:
788:
648:
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a parliamentary chamber until the reforms of 1991 which it became the sole auditory body in Taiwan.
7331:
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Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
3898:
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7042:
6899:
5286:
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4609:
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6001:
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2710:
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2887:
2740:
2655:
2326:
2289:
2277:
1784:
1239:
1054:
1040:
565:
411:
363:
3640:
basis, as the main organ tasked with combating corruption and malfeasance, the
7889:
7404:
7359:
7316:
7115:
6975:
6929:
6919:
6914:
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6854:
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6608:
6573:
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6523:
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6418:
6403:
6381:
6341:
6301:
6281:
6204:
6179:
6174:
6149:
5967:
5737:
5652:
4007:"CPC proposes listing supervisory commissions as state organs in Constitution"
3760:
3605:
3149:
3093:
2593:
2496:
2389:
2031:
2003:
1810:
1677:
1653:
1546:
1407:
1069:
1024:
985:
971:
955:
902:
420:
384:
375:
353:
309:
300:
127:
7326:
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7214:
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7048:
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2115:
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998:
773:
402:
7065:
Former member of the Politburo; Also a military official; Member of the
7399:
7369:
7139:
6904:
6879:
6859:
6603:
6598:
6548:
6376:
6271:
3668:
3155:
1953:
1935:
1758:
1702:
1471:
1077:
1034:
994:
393:
318:
1967:
State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense
7710:
Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
7311:
7209:
6884:
6468:
6428:
4451:
3697:
The National Supervisory Commission is designated as a political body.
3664:
3659:
In late 2016, Supervisory Commissions (SCs) began pilot initiatives in
2516:
1185:
Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
110:
7639:
6804:
5841:
3660:
3548:, the Commission holds the same constitutional status as that of the
2817:
2608:
2581:
1419:
1112:
1099:
1046:
1009:
1002:
783:
4630:
7599:
7259:
6463:
4112:
3255:
2858:
114:
85:
75:
5471:
Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR
3868:"What's so controversial about China's new anti-corruption body?"
156:
National Supervisory Commission of the People's Republic of China
7244:
7071:
For details on the civil service ranks of officials, please see
3839:
The National People’s Congress of the People's Republic of China
3682:
In March 2018, three state agencies with inspection powers (the
7088:
5921:
5220:
4634:
4455:
4076:
2602:
Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization
1612:
State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission
7084:
3574:
The National Supervisory Commission is co-located with the
7635:
Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
2575:
Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
144:
16:
Highest supervisory and anti-corruption authority of China
7832:
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
7629:
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
7588:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
3810:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
2057:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
214:
7570:
Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory
2869:
Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs
426:
Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members
7850:
7810:
7771:
Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011
7761:
7752:
7545:
7499:
7490:
7445:
7347:
7188:
7179:
7158:
7122:
6993:
6968:
6738:
6707:
6260:
6113:
6077:
6028:
6015:
5960:
5725:
5621:
5533:
5461:
5348:
5259:
5178:
5155:
5108:
4985:
4952:
4931:
4891:
4771:
4691:
4587:
4551:
4515:
4489:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
3120:
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
216:
Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guójiā Jiānchá Wěiyuánhuì
208:
201:
196:
178:
164:
155:
137:
120:
106:
101:
91:
81:
69:
64:
56:
51:
24:
5877:Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location
1365:Environment Protection and Resources Conservation
5267:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
7073:Civil Service of the People's Republic of China
3981:International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
3296:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
7739:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption
7606:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
7537:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations
5712:Information operations and information warfare
5689:Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism
2523:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police
530:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)
7100:
5933:
5232:
4646:
4467:
4088:
3765:
3742:
3569:National People's Congress Standing Committee
3517:
2640:National Press and Publication Administration
1350:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health
184:
170:
28:
8:
7842:United Nations Convention against Corruption
7822:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
7067:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
5982:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
4737:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3642:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3596:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3580:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3219:International Development Cooperation Agency
2671:National Radio and Television Administration
1846:Reform & Organizational Structure Office
1576:National Development & Reform Commission
1154:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
1018:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
7880:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
7715:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
7559:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
5629:Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries
1453:State Council (Central People's Government)
1063:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission
7758:
7727:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
7623:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
7496:
7185:
7107:
7093:
7085:
6025:
5940:
5926:
5918:
5239:
5225:
5217:
4949:
4653:
4639:
4631:
4474:
4460:
4452:
4095:
4081:
4073:
3524:
3510:
541:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)
231:
193:
5986:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
5949:Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping
5788:List of Hong Kong national security cases
5486:Independent Commission Against Corruption
3795:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
3790:Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping
3600:Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping
3276:International Military Cooperation Office
2544:Office for Safeguarding National Security
1198:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
556:Highest state organ of power (Article 57)
7657:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
5328:National Defense Mobilization Commission
3713:
3688:National Bureau of Corruption Prevention
3623:, the founder of the Republic of China,
3088:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
3068:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
1925:National Defense Mobilization Commission
1132:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission
7699:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
7564:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
5419:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3826:
3632:was promulgated in 1947 which made the
3364:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
2442:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission
2122:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police
2078:
2021:
1634:
1448:
1394:
866:
757:
546:Protection of human rights (Article 33)
234:
7787:Freedom of information laws by country
7704:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
5867:Picking quarrels and provoking trouble
5665:1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign
5373:provincial Public Security Departments
3957:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3950:
3674:In February 2018, an amendment to the
3644:, was a party organ, not a state one.
3392:China and the World Trade Organization
3328:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
2471:Public Security Organs People's Police
768:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
152:
21:
7651:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
7593:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
7522:International Anti-Corruption Academy
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4294:
4252:
4250:
4233:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
3800:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
3630:Constitution of the Republic of China
2811:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
2760:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues
2503:State Security Organs People's Police
2065:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
1998:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform
1831:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission
7:
7870:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
7865:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
7646:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
7576:National Anti-Corruption Observatory
4013:. Xinhua. 2018-02-25. Archived from
3861:
3859:
3251:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
3073:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
7792:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
7687:National Anticorruption Directorate
7681:Anti-Corruption General Directorate
6078:Central Committee alternate members
5972:Central Committee General Secretary
5378:city/county Public Security Bureaus
4049:The Political Thought of Xi Jinping
3356:National Immigration Administration
2410:Federation of Industry and Commerce
2047:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012
1805:National Defense Mobilization Dept.
606:General Principles of the Civil Law
7517:Group of States Against Corruption
5822:Inciting subversion of state power
5635:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns
3144:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
2826:Cyberspace Administration of China
842:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards
14:
7693:Investigative Committee of Russia
4901:Political Consultative Conference
3397:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2263:Political Consultative Conference
1851:Int'l Military Cooperation Office
1836:Science and Technology Commission
1792:Training and Administration Dept.
1639:Central Military Commission (CMC)
812:Scientific Outlook on Development
536:Democratic centralism (Article 3)
7885:Russian anti-corruption campaign
7875:Anti-austerity movement in Spain
7782:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
4762:
4103:
3866:Horsley, Jamie P. (2018-05-30).
3484:
2650:State Council Information Office
2478:State Immigration Administration
1897:
1887:
1870:
1818:Discipline Inspection Commission
1340:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs
551:Freedom of religion (Article 36)
244:
38:
7721:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
7582:National Supervisory Commission
5996:National Supervisory Commission
5897:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
5783:Hong Kong national security law
5414:People's Courts Judicial Police
4873:National Supervisory Commission
4414:National Supervisory Commission
3909:from the original on 2022-05-23
3880:from the original on 2023-04-01
3845:from the original on 2024-09-01
3538:National Supervisory Commission
3301:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office
2686:China Global Television Network
2666:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
2530:Bureau of Prison Administration
2099:People's Courts Judicial Police
2026:National Supervisory Commission
1107:Office of the General Secretary
25:National Supervisory Commission
7669:Investigation Task Force Sweep
7663:National Accountability Bureau
7135:Corruption in local government
7123:Corruption in different fields
5758:Central Case Examination Group
5491:Hong Kong Disciplined Services
4883:Supreme People's Procuratorate
4749:Provincial standing committees
4428:Supreme People's Procuratorate
3692:Supreme People's Procuratorate
3558:Supreme People's Procuratorate
3420:China–European Union relations
2912:Special administrative regions
2106:Supreme People's Procuratorate
1345:Financial and Economic Affairs
215:
185:
171:
29:
1:
7777:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
7675:Central Anticorruption Bureau
6006:Military Discipline Secretary
5548:Commission Against Corruption
4121:
3628:Five-Power Constitution. The
3440:China–United States relations
3425:China–Latin America relations
3286:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee
2882:HK & Macau Affairs Office
2625:Central Propaganda Department
2483:Local public security bureaus
1861:Offices Administration Agency
1370:Agriculture and Rural Affairs
7940:Government agencies of China
7925:2018 establishments in China
7837:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
7827:International asset recovery
7611:Central Vigilance Commission
7166:Corruption Perceptions Index
6263:Provincial-ministerial rank
5778:Grid-style social management
5768:Death sentence with reprieve
5763:Civil Servant-Family Pair Up
5599:Correctional Services Bureau
5501:National Security Department
5333:Ministry of National Defense
5306:United Front Work Department
5272:National Security Commission
4923:United Front Work Department
3387:China and the United Nations
3291:CCP International Department
3271:Ministry of National Defense
3198:Diplomatic missions of China
3058:Taiwan independence movement
2779:Publishing industry in China
2321:United Front Work Department
2166:Regular Disciplined Services
2156:Law enforcement in Hong Kong
1962:Ministry of Veterans Affairs
1944:Ministry of National Defense
979:National Security Commission
819:Harmonious Socialist Society
710:Death sentence with reprieve
684:Administrative Procedure Law
7895:2017–2019 Romanian protests
5323:Ministry of Public Security
5277:Central Military Commission
4846:Central Military Commission
4407:Central Military Commission
3993:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.09.005
3379:Community of Common Destiny
3169:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3039:Republic of China on Taiwan
2458:Ministry of Public Security
1779:Equipment Development Dept.
946:Central Military Commission
121:Elected officer responsible
7956:
7900:2017–2018 Russian protests
7532:Transparency International
7507:Global Financial Integrity
7033:National security of China
5872:Re-education through labor
5409:Judicial Administrative PP
5318:Ministry of State Security
4788:National People's Congress
4137:National People's Congress
4113:People's Republic of China
3589:
3565:National People's Congress
3034:Political status of Taiwan
2490:Ministry of State Security
2193:Public Prosecutions Office
1993:Military reform since 2015
1605:Deputy Secretaries-General
1375:Social Development Affairs
1256:National People's Congress
794:Primary stage of socialism
762:Admission Oath (Article 6)
329:Current provincial leaders
96:National People's Congress
7860:2011 Azerbaijani protests
7337:Offshore financial centre
7140:Interest group corruption
7063:
5907:Holistic security concept
5902:Xinjiang internment camps
5671:Persecution of Falun Gong
5198:
4760:
4668:
4388:
4386:
4378:
4376:
4368:
4366:
4358:
4356:
4348:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4166:
4164:
4119:
4047:; Cheung, Olivia (2024).
3766:
3743:
3415:China–Caribbean relations
2999:Mainland & Macau CEPA
2698:China Radio International
2645:China Film Administration
1841:Strategic Planning Office
1571:Cabinet-level departments
663:Intellectual property law
226:
192:
160:
142:
37:
7930:Anti-corruption agencies
7802:Whistleblower protection
7290:Cryptocurrency and crime
7028:Law enforcement in China
7021:Judicial system of China
5683:Anti-corruption campaign
5443:State Secrets Protection
5282:People's Liberation Army
4856:People's Liberation Army
4528:Civil service commission
3649:anti-corruption campaign
3458:Administrative divisions
3239:Belt and Road Initiative
2936:Hong Kong SAR Government
2907:One country, two systems
2895:Hong Kong Liaison Office
2681:China Central Television
2200:Secretariat for Security
1876:People's Liberation Army
1617:most Central Enterprises
1360:Overseas Chinese Affairs
799:Four Cardinal Principles
180:Traditional Chinese
65:Jurisdictional structure
7171:Economics of corruption
7006:Extraordinary rendition
6117:State-owned enterprises
5358:Supervisory Commissions
4053:Oxford University Press
3815:Ministry of Supervision
3684:Ministry of Supervision
3576:Chinese Communist Party
3430:China–Pacific relations
3309:Chinese nationality law
2210:Unitary Police Services
1867:National armed forces:
1283:Council of Chairpersons
1139:Organization Department
871:National Party Congress
576:Socialist law tradition
453:Organization Department
166:Simplified Chinese
82:Operations jurisdiction
7797:UK Bribery Act of 2010
7553:Oficina Anticorrupción
7302:Noble cause corruption
7159:Measures of corruption
7011:Eight-point Regulation
6265:(incl. sub-provincial)
5832:Judiciary of Hong Kong
5647:Anti-Rightist Campaign
5570:Public Security Police
5558:Unitary Police Service
5481:PLA Hong Kong Garrison
4878:Supreme People's Court
4421:Supreme People's Court
4196:NPC Standing Committee
3899:"中华人民共和国宪法_国情相关_中国政府网"
3554:Supreme People's Court
3435:China–Russia relations
3405:China–Africa relations
3234:China Development Bank
3210:Foreign aid from China
3051:"Taiwan Province", PRC
3019:Cross-Strait relations
3012:Cross-Strait relations
2965:Mainland & HK CEPA
2415:People's organizations
2222:Public Security Police
2171:Hong Kong Police Force
2132:Judiciary of Hong Kong
2083:Supreme People's Court
1988:Military modernization
1766:Logistic Support Dept.
499:Previous constitutions
372:Communist Party leader
267:Leadership generations
19:Law enforcement agency
7527:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
7307:Professional courtesy
7270:Honest services fraud
7016:Human rights in China
6741:Prefecture-level rank
5604:Macau Customs Service
5426:People's Armed Police
5338:Taiwan Affairs Office
4916:People's organization
4861:People's Armed Police
4605:Judicial independence
3873:Brookings Institution
3107:Taiwan Affairs Office
2958:Independence movement
2943:Politics of Hong Kong
2188:Court of Final Appeal
2149:Prosecutions Division
2144:Department of Justice
2137:Court of Final Appeal
1893:People's Armed Police
1586:National Audit Office
1217:Provincial committee
448:Collective leadership
443:Democratic centralism
324:Current state leaders
279:Hu–Wen Administration
102:Operational structure
7491:Institutions dealing
7225:Conflict of interest
7150:Political corruption
5594:Fire Services Bureau
5553:Macau Security Force
4600:Separation of duties
4483:Separation of powers
4109:Central state organs
4017:on February 25, 2018
3410:China–Arab relations
3342:Visa policy of China
3261:New Development Bank
3224:Ministry of Commerce
2987:Macau SAR Government
2900:Macau Liaison Office
2693:China National Radio
2385:Historical parties:
2205:Macau Security Force
1753:Political Work Dept.
1391:State representative
1335:Constitution and Law
1120:Central Guard Bureau
789:Deng Xiaoping Theory
566:Chinese legal system
381:State representative
343:Orders of precedence
306:20th Party Politburo
285:Xi–Li Administration
7935:Corruption in China
7332:Offshore investment
7001:Corruption in China
6114:Central organs and
5817:Internet censorship
4730:Military Commission
4516:Additional branches
3805:Corruption in China
3188:Diplomatic missions
3160:Secretary-General:
3078:Chinese unification
2922:Hong Kong Basic Law
2792:Internet censorship
2750:Censorship in China
2510:Ministry of Justice
2042:Corruption in China
1414:Presidential Office
1053:Secretary-General:
936:Central Secretariat
837:Four Comprehensives
641:Labour Contract Law
571:Civil law tradition
408:Conference Chairman
297:4th Leadership Core
272:Succession of power
7733:Warioba Commission
7671:(Papua New Guinea)
7415:Regulatory capture
7220:Commercial bribery
7038:Operation Fox Hunt
6969:Business and media
5961:Campaign oversight
5862:Political offences
5837:Judiciary of Macau
5748:Capital punishment
5695:Operation Fox Hunt
5543:PLA Macau Garrison
5368:Public Security PP
4793:Standing Committee
4711:Standing Committee
3229:Exim Bank of China
3063:Anti-Secession Law
2953:Pro-democracy camp
2719:China News Service
2705:Xinhua News Agency
2268:National Committee
2183:Judiciary of Macau
2112:Prosecutor General
1325:Special Committees
1273:Standing Committee
1231:Deputy secretaries
1221:Standing committee
1164:Standing Committee
1125:Central Guard Unit
923:Standing Committee
827:Xi Jinping Thought
784:Mao Zedong Thought
700:Capital punishment
678:Administrative law
417:Commander-in-chief
390:Head of government
315:14th State Council
7912:
7911:
7908:
7907:
7748:
7747:
7486:
7485:
7463:Election security
7410:Political scandal
7145:Police corruption
7082:
7081:
6989:
6988:
6708:Military generals
6030:Central Committee
6016:Implicated people
5915:
5914:
5847:Life imprisonment
5574:Migration Service
5404:State Security PP
5248:National security
5214:
5213:
5194:
5193:
5148:
4946:
4716:General Secretary
4701:Central Committee
4662:Politics of China
4628:
4627:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4011:www.xinhuanet.com
3781:
3780:
3710:List of directors
3534:
3533:
3473:Ethnic minorities
3374:Beijing Consensus
3314:Chinese passports
3154:Deputy Director:
3137:Foreign relations
3024:Chinese Civil War
2994:Politics of Macau
2787:Internet in China
2676:China Media Group
2615:Deputy Director:
2552:Urban Management
2310:Political parties
2297:Secretary-General
2284:Vice-Chairpersons
2018:Supervisory organ
1903:China Coast Guard
1737:Joint Staff Dept.
1648:supreme commander
1600:Secretary-General
1559:Secretary-General
1313:Secretary-General
1299:Vice-Chairpersons
1076:Deputy Director:
1031:Deputy Directors:
912:Central Politburo
892:General Secretary
881:Central Committee
741:Principal leaders
399:Congress Chairman
291:Xi Administration
287:(2012–2017)
281:(2002–2012)
237:Politics of China
230:
229:
222:
221:
203:Standard Mandarin
151:
150:
7947:
7759:
7497:
7478:Vote suppression
7365:Crony capitalism
7295:Hawala and crime
7285:Money laundering
7265:Graft (politics)
7245:Confidence trick
7186:
7180:Forms or aspects
7109:
7102:
7095:
7086:
6994:Related articles
6474:Shangguan Jiqing
6395:
6228:
6026:
5942:
5935:
5928:
5919:
5892:Two-faced person
5659:Shadian incident
5612:
5588:
5566:
5448:Cyberspace Admin
5292:Maritime Militia
5241:
5234:
5227:
5218:
5179:Claimed province
5142:
4950:
4940:
4834:State Councilors
4783:Paramount leader
4766:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4632:
4595:Fusion of powers
4490:Typical branches
4476:
4469:
4462:
4453:
4123:
4122:
4107:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4074:
4067:
4066:
4041:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3976:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3939:
3933:. Archived from
3932:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3831:
3769:
3768:
3746:
3745:
3714:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3491:China portal
3489:
3488:
3487:
2948:Pro-Beijing camp
2931:John Lee Ka-chiu
2588:Deputy Leaders:
2538:
2235:
2227:Judiciary Police
2218:
1976:Military history
1901:
1891:
1881:Theater commands
1874:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1680:
1673:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1524:State Councilors
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1458:Li Qiang Cabinet
1319:
1049:
1043:
1037:
899:
806:Three Represents
779:Marxism–Leninism
705:Capital offences
595:List of statutes
350:Paramount leader
338:National leaders
248:
232:
218:
217:
194:
188:
187:
174:
173:
153:
147:
42:
33:
32:
31:
22:
7955:
7954:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7904:
7852:
7846:
7814:
7812:
7806:
7763:
7754:Anti-corruption
7744:
7541:
7493:with corruption
7492:
7482:
7458:Electoral fraud
7453:Ballot stuffing
7441:
7343:
7181:
7175:
7154:
7130:Corporate crime
7118:
7113:
7083:
7078:
7076:
7070:
7059:
7055:2012–2017
7043:Qincheng Prison
6985:
6964:
6900:Xiang Hongqiong
6742:
6740:
6734:
6703:
6389:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6222:
6115:
6109:
6073:
6017:
6011:
5956:
5946:
5916:
5911:
5827:Judicial system
5721:
5617:
5606:
5582:
5580:Judicial Police
5560:
5529:
5457:
5385:Internet police
5363:People's Police
5344:
5255:
5252:law enforcement
5245:
5215:
5210:
5190:
5174:
5151:
5111:
5104:
4981:
4943:current leaders
4939:
4936:
4933:
4927:
4887:
4774:
4767:
4758:
4693:Communist Party
4687:
4664:
4659:
4629:
4624:
4610:Judicial review
4583:
4547:
4511:
4485:
4480:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4115:
4101:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4043:
4042:
4029:
4020:
4018:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3978:
3977:
3966:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3928:"Archived copy"
3926:
3925:
3921:
3912:
3910:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3883:
3881:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3848:
3846:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3786:
3712:
3703:
3657:
3621:1911 Revolution
3602:
3590:Main articles:
3588:
3530:
3501:
3497:Other countries
3485:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3468:Family planning
3453:
3445:
3444:
3401:
3383:
3369:Panda diplomacy
3360:
3305:
3282:
3267:
3206:
3194:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3098:Deputy Leader:
3084:
3014:
3004:
3003:
2978:Chief Executive
2973:Macao Basic Law
2969:
2927:Chief Executive
2918:
2864:
2863:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2820:
2783:
2746:
2634:
2619:
2611:
2596:
2584:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2548:
2532:
2519:
2499:
2467:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2431:Law enforcement
2420:
2419:
2404:
2378:
2280:
2258:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2229:
2212:
2179:
2161:Security Bureau
2128:
2118:
2095:
2077:
2076:
2075:Judicial organs
2071:
2061:
2053:
2038:
2020:
2019:
2014:
1983:Armed conflicts
1956:
1938:
1927:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1565:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1474:
1447:
1446:
1445:Executive organ
1441:
1436:
1410:
1393:
1392:
1355:Foreign Affairs
1311:
1295:
1263:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1214:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1057:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1012:
993:
988:
966:
958:
930:
890:
865:
864:
857:
821:
814:
770:
756:
755:
729:
727:Communist Party
719:
718:
691:
674:
601:
589:Legislation Law
562:
532:
521:
489:
488:
468:
467:
432:Related systems
366:
262:
239:
143:
133:
71:National agency
52:Agency overview
47:
45:National Emblem
27:
26:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7953:
7951:
7943:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7917:
7916:
7910:
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7524:
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7514:
7512:Global Witness
7509:
7503:
7501:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7468:Gerrymandering
7465:
7460:
7455:
7449:
7447:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7385:Ghost soldiers
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7351:
7349:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7341:
7340:
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7309:
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7299:
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7282:
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7267:
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7119:
7114:
7112:
7111:
7104:
7097:
7089:
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7064:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7045:
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7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6997:
6995:
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6990:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6978:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6935:Zhang Lingping
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
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6852:
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6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
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6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6715:Meng Zhongkang
6711:
6709:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6699:Zhou Jiangyong
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6629:Yun Guangzhong
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6564:Wei Chuanzhong
6561:
6556:
6554:Wang Xiaoguang
6551:
6546:
6541:
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6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
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6411:
6406:
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6396:
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6379:
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6369:
6364:
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6354:
6349:
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6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6247:Zhang Shaochun
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
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6162:
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6147:
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6137:
6132:
6127:
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6119:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6069:Zhao Zhengyong
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6035:
6033:
6023:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6002:Zhang Shengmin
5999:
5989:
5975:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5922:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5882:Soft detention
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5857:PLA Unit 61398
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5733:2011 crackdown
5729:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5641:Sufan movement
5638:
5632:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5616:
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5614:
5613:
5601:
5596:
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5488:
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5137:
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5125:Inner Mongolia
5122:
5116:
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5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
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5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4954:Municipalities
4947:
4935:province-level
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
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4858:
4853:
4843:
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4836:
4831:
4826:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4812:Vice President
4804:
4803:
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4785:
4779:
4777:
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4574:United Kingdom
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4092:
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4077:
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4027:
3998:
3964:
3919:
3890:
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3841:. 2019-10-26.
3825:
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3772:11 March 2023
3770:
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3753:
3752:11 March 2023
3750:
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3656:
3653:
3647:Prior to Xi's
3587:
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3500:
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3454:
3452:Related topics
3451:
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3244:Silk Road Fund
3236:
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3226:
3221:
3216:
3205:
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3193:
3192:
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3185:
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2833:Zhuang Rongwen
2830:
2822:
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2815:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2797:Great Firewall
2782:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2772:Internal media
2767:Media of China
2764:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2725:People's Daily
2721:
2716:
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2714:
2711:Reference News
2702:
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2017:
2016:
2015:
2013:
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2011:
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1990:
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1824:Zhang Shengmin
1815:
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1800:
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1724:General Office
1718:
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1710:Zhang Shengmin
1706:
1699:
1691:
1686:
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1681:
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1656:
1631:Military organ
1630:
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1595:General Office
1592:
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1437:
1430:Vice President
1428:
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1422:
1398:
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1357:
1352:
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1337:
1332:
1330:Ethnic Affairs
1322:
1321:
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1209:
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1193:
1191:Zhang Shengmin
1182:
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1134:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1103:
1102:
1094:General Office
1091:
1090:
1089:
1084:Office Chief:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:Office Chief:
1007:
1005:
992:Vice-Chairman:
991:
989:
983:
976:
975:
974:
961:
959:
950:
943:
933:
932:
931:
921:
908:
907:
906:
905:
860:
859:
858:
856:
855:
854:
853:
852:
851:
846:
845:
844:
839:
834:
824:
823:
822:
817:
810:
808:
803:
802:
801:
796:
786:
781:
776:
766:
764:
747:
746:
745:
744:
743:
737:
736:
730:
725:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
715:
714:
713:
712:
707:
690:
689:
688:
687:
673:
672:
671:
670:
660:
659:
658:
646:
645:
644:
637:
625:
618:
610:
600:
599:
598:
597:
592:
580:
579:
578:
573:
561:
560:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
525:
524:
523:
522:
520:
519:
514:
509:
503:
490:
487:
486:
481:
475:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
434:
433:
429:
428:
423:
414:
405:
396:
387:
378:
369:
368:
367:
358:
346:
345:
340:
334:
333:
332:
331:
326:
321:
312:
303:
288:
282:
275:
274:
269:
263:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
241:
240:
235:
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
212:
206:
205:
199:
198:
197:Transcriptions
190:
189:
186:中華人民共和國國家監察委員會
182:
176:
175:
172:中华人民共和国国家监察委员会
168:
162:
161:
158:
157:
149:
148:
140:
139:
135:
134:
132:
131:
124:
122:
118:
117:
108:
104:
103:
99:
98:
93:
92:Governing body
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
43:
35:
34:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7952:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7849:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7811:International
7809:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7751:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7717:(South Korea)
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7694:
7691:
7688:
7685:
7682:
7679:
7676:
7673:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7655:
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7644:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7577:
7574:
7571:
7568:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7544:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7500:International
7498:
7495:
7489:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7432:State capture
7430:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7375:Elite capture
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
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7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
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7234:
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7230:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7187:
7184:
7182:of corruption
7178:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7157:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7110:
7105:
7103:
7098:
7096:
7091:
7090:
7087:
7074:
7069:or affiliates
7068:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6992:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6967:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6895:Wei Hongguang
6893:
6891:
6890:Wang Jianfeng
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6755:Cao Jiongfang
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6737:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6706:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6659:Zhang Jinghua
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
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6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
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6602:
6600:
6597:
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6585:
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6577:
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6557:
6555:
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6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6514:Sun Yuanliang
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6479:Sheng Guangzu
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6439:Meng Yongshan
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6393:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6292:Chen Guoqiang
6290:
6288:
6287:Cao Guangjing
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6261:Officials of
6259:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6226:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6195:Sheng Guangzu
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6125:Cao Guangjing
6123:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6112:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6085:Cao Guangjing
6083:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Qin Guangrong
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6014:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5954:
5950:
5943:
5938:
5936:
5931:
5929:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5718:
5717:United States
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5701:709 crackdown
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5620:
5610:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5586:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5549:
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5544:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5454:
5451:
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5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
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5402:
5396:
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5392:
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5388:
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5383:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5359:
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5355:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5313:State Council
5311:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5253:
5249:
5242:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5228:
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5219:
5207:
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5197:
5187:
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5177:
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5141:
5138:
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5133:
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5128:
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5123:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
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5107:
5101:
5098:
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5028:
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5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
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4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
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4975:
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4957:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4911:Minor parties
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4829:Vice-Premiers
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4819:State Council
4817:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
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4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4770:
4765:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4679:
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4674:
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4670:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4651:
4649:
4644:
4642:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4621:
4620:Unified power
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4579:United States
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:Fourth Estate
4521:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4477:
4472:
4470:
4465:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4440:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4400:State Council
4395:
4393:
4341:
4338:
4330:
4328:
4320:
4318:
4310:
4308:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4290:
4266:
4264:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4225:
4210:
4208:
4197:
4183:
4181:
4151:
4149:
4138:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4098:
4093:
4091:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4064:
4062:9780197689363
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3940:on 2021-01-24
3936:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3862:
3860:
3856:
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3749:18 March 2018
3748:
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3706:Inspection).
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3614:Han dynasties
3611:
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3597:
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3570:
3566:
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3550:State Council
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3215:
3211:
3208:
3207:
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3199:
3196:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Spokespersons
3181:
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2876:
2875:Ding Xuexiang
2872:
2871:
2870:
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2866:
2860:
2857:
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2784:
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2777:
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2769:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:Radio jamming
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2728:
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2648:
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2605:
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2595:
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2556:
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2549:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:Wang Xiaohong
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2429:
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2328:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2301:Wang Dongfeng
2298:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2271:
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2269:
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2172:
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2159:
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2147:
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2138:
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2123:
2120:
2117:
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2109:
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2100:
2097:
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2090:
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2079:
2066:
2063:
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2058:
2055:
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2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1919:State Council
1917:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
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1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1730:Zhong Shaojun
1727:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:Departments:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1667:
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1664:
1662:
1661:Vice Chairmen
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1618:
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1598:
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1579:
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1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1533:Wang Xiaohong
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:Zhang Guoqing
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1492:Ding Xuexiang
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1478:Vice-Premiers
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1417:
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1415:
1412:
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1409:
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1401:
1397:
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1368:
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1328:
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1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
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1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
982:
981:
980:
977:
973:
969:
964:
963:Vice Chairmen
960:
957:
953:
949:
948:
947:
944:
941:
937:
934:
928:
924:
920:
919:
917:
913:
910:
909:
904:
901:
900:
897:
893:
889:
888:
886:
882:
879:
878:
876:
872:
869:
868:
867:
863:
850:
847:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Chinese Dream
830:
829:
828:
825:
820:
816:
815:
813:
809:
807:
804:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
769:
765:
763:
760:
759:
758:
754:
750:
742:
739:
738:
735:
732:
731:
728:
723:
722:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
698:
697:
696:
693:
692:
686:
685:
681:
680:
679:
676:
675:
669:
666:
665:
664:
661:
657:
656:
652:
651:
650:
647:
643:
642:
638:
636:
635:
631:
630:
629:
626:
624:
623:
619:
616:
615:
611:
608:
607:
603:
602:
596:
593:
591:
590:
586:
585:
584:
581:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
567:
564:
563:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
531:
527:
526:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
502:
501:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
491:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
472:
471:
464:
463:Civil service
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
438:Unified power
436:
435:
431:
430:
427:
424:
422:
418:
415:
413:
409:
406:
404:
400:
397:
395:
391:
388:
386:
382:
379:
377:
373:
370:
365:
361:
357:
356:
355:
351:
348:
347:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
316:
313:
311:
307:
304:
302:
298:
295:
294:
293:(since 2017)
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
261:
256:
255:
252:
251:
247:
243:
242:
238:
233:
225:
213:
211:
207:
204:
200:
195:
191:
183:
181:
177:
169:
167:
163:
159:
154:
146:
141:
136:
129:
126:
125:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
23:
7642:(Madagascar)
7581:
7566:(Bangladesh)
7473:Vote pairing
7425:Rent-setting
7420:Rent-seeking
7380:Failed state
7280:Match fixing
7250:Embezzlement
7229:Corporation
7201:Black market
7047:
6960:Zhu Zhongkui
6950:Zhao Yingyun
6940:Zhao Deguang
6910:Yan Chunfeng
6800:Gong Wusheng
6775:Dai Xianghui
6739:Officials at
6720:Qian Weiping
6694:Zhou Huachen
6689:Zhang Zhinan
6684:Zhang Yongze
6674:Zhang Wufeng
6664:Zhang Maocai
6654:Zhang Jiehui
6644:Zeng Zhiquan
6634:Zhang Bencai
6544:Wang Minghui
6504:Sun Guoxiang
6494:Song Taiping
6434:Meng Hongwei
6399:Liu Guoqiang
6327:Hao Chunrong
6322:Gong Jianhua
6297:Chen Jiadong
6277:Bai Xiangqun
6220:Wang Dengfen
6140:He Xingxiang
5995:
5852:Penal system
5795:Human rights
5773:Great Cannon
5726:Other topics
5677:6521 Project
5573:
5357:
5030:Heilongjiang
4893:United front
4872:
4754:Constitution
4673:Constitution
4615:Dual mandate
4413:
4048:
4045:Tsang, Steve
4019:. Retrieved
4015:the original
4010:
4001:
3984:
3980:
3942:. Retrieved
3935:the original
3922:
3911:. Retrieved
3902:
3893:
3882:. Retrieved
3871:
3847:. Retrieved
3838:
3829:
3775:
3729:Left office
3723:Chinese name
3704:
3701:Jurisdiction
3696:
3681:
3676:constitution
3673:
3658:
3646:
3638:
3634:Control Yuan
3618:
3603:
3573:
3562:
3546:Constitution
3537:
3535:
3463:Hukou system
2802:Great Cannon
2739:
2732:Global Times
2730:
2723:
2709:
2654:
2553:
2450:Chen Wenqing
2316:CCP (ruling)
2288:Top-ranked:
2256:United front
2025:
1856:Audit Office
1671:Zhang Youxia
1581:Central bank
1563:Wu Zhenglong
1540:Wu Zhenglong
1513:Liu Guozhong
1305:Li Hongzhong
1303:Top-ranked:
968:Zhang Youxia
862:Organization
749:Constitution
695:Criminal law
683:
655:Property Law
654:
649:Property law
640:
633:
622:Marriage Law
621:
613:
605:
588:
494:Constitution
479:Constitution
210:Hanyu Pinyin
107:Headquarters
7815:and efforts
7813:instruments
7764:enforcement
7706:(Singapore)
7619:(Indonesia)
7555:(Argentina)
7437:State crime
7395:Mafia state
7390:Kleptocracy
7355:Clientelism
7322:Tax evasion
7205:Grey market
6981:Ye Jianming
6955:Zheng Yajun
6945:Zhao Jingbo
6925:Yang Weiguo
6875:Pan Qisheng
6850:Liu Hesheng
6845:Li Yuecheng
6835:Li Jianping
6825:Li Chenghui
6820:Hu Zhiqiang
6815:Han Dongyan
6795:Gao Weidong
6790:Gao Hongzhi
6785:Gao Hongbin
6770:Chen Sanxin
6765:Chen Jiming
6730:Xu Xianghua
6679:Zhang Xinqi
6624:Yun Gongmin
6579:Xiao Yaqing
6569:Wen Guodong
6519:Tong Daochi
6484:Shi Wenqing
6454:Qian Yin'an
6449:Peng Yuxing
6444:Miao Ruilin
6424:Liu Yanping
6390: [
6362:Jin Suidong
6352:Li Jiexiang
6317:Gan Rongkun
6312:Feng Xinzhu
6252:Zhou Mengbo
6242:Yuan Renguo
6223: [
6190:Mao Qingguo
6165:Li Ningping
6155:Lai Xiaomin
6145:Hu Huaibang
6135:Gao Weidong
6130:Cao Yaofeng
6105:Xiao Yaqing
6100:Li Shixiang
6054:Shen Deyong
6039:Fu Zhenghua
5992:Yang Xiaodu
5984:Secretary;
5743:Black jails
5607: [
5583: [
5572:(including
5561: [
5523:Immigration
5453:Urban Admin
5431:Coast Guard
5390:Immigration
4932:Politics of
4906:Chairperson
4723:Secretariat
4543:Prosecutory
4502:Legislature
3738:Yang Xiaodu
3726:Took office
3625:Sun Yat-sen
3100:Wang Huning
3044:Taiwan Area
2982:Ho Iat-seng
2888:Xia Baolong
2741:China Today
2656:China Daily
2554:(chengguan)
2533: [
2448:Secretary:
2327:Shi Taifeng
2290:Shi Taifeng
2278:Wang Huning
2230: [
2213: [
1822:Secretary:
1785:Xu Xueqiang
1240:Party group
1189:Secretary:
1055:Wang Huning
1041:Wang Huning
617:(From 2021)
412:Wang Huning
364:Peng Liyuan
145:ccdi.gov.cn
7919:Categories
7890:Yo Soy 132
7735:(Tanzania)
7665:(Pakistan)
7578:(Cameroon)
7405:Plutocracy
7360:Coronelism
7317:Slush fund
7116:Corruption
6976:Wu Xiaohui
6930:Yang Yiwen
6920:Yang Sitao
6915:Yan Ganhui
6870:Luan Kejun
6855:Liu Hushan
6840:Li Xinyuan
6830:Li Jianguo
6780:Fu Tiegang
6750:An Zhengyu
6725:Rao Kaixun
6649:Zhang Jian
6614:Yang Keqin
6609:Yang Fulin
6574:Xiang Lili
6529:Wang Erzhi
6524:Wang Dawei
6499:Song Xibin
6489:Song Liang
6459:Qiu Daming
6419:Liu Xinyun
6404:Liu Hongwu
6382:Li Yihuang
6342:Ji Xiangqi
6302:Chen Rugui
6282:Cai Esheng
6205:Tian Huiyu
6180:Liu Baohua
6175:Li Qingkui
6150:Hu Wenming
5968:Xi Jinping
5753:Censorship
5738:610 Office
5653:Red August
5622:Operations
5513:Correction
5395:Inspection
5110:Autonomous
4839:Ministries
4775:government
4552:By country
4021:2018-02-25
3944:2021-04-07
3913:2023-04-01
3903:www.gov.cn
3884:2023-04-01
3849:2024-09-01
3821:References
3761:Liu Jinguo
3690:, and the
3619:After the
3606:Xi Jinping
3586:Background
3150:Xi Jinping
3148:Director:
3111:Director:
3094:Xi Jinping
2886:Director:
2831:Director:
2816:Director:
2607:Director:
2594:Shen Yiqin
2568:Propaganda
2515:Minister:
2497:Chen Yixin
2495:Minister:
2463:Minister:
2032:Liu Jinguo
2030:Director:
2004:Xi Jinping
1811:Liu Faqing
1809:Director:
1796:Director:
1783:Director:
1770:Director:
1757:Director:
1746:Liu Zhenli
1728:Director:
1696:Liu Zhenli
1678:He Weidong
1654:Xi Jinping
1547:Shen Yiqin
1408:Xi Jinping
1098:Director:
1070:Xi Jinping
1068:Director:
1025:Xi Jinping
1023:Director:
986:Xi Jinping
984:Chairman:
972:He Weidong
956:Xi Jinping
903:Xi Jinping
668:Patent law
634:Labour Law
628:Labour law
614:Civil Code
421:Xi Jinping
385:Xi Jinping
376:Xi Jinping
360:First lady
354:Xi Jinping
310:Xi Jinping
301:Xi Jinping
260:Leadership
130:, Director
128:Liu Jinguo
7853:movements
7773:(pending)
7741:(Vietnam)
7729:(Ukraine)
7689:(Romania)
7683:(Romania)
7659:(Nigeria)
7653:(Myanmar)
7631:(Liberia)
7602:(Croatia)
7572:(Burundi)
7446:Elections
7327:Tax haven
7255:Extortion
7215:Collusion
7196:Baksheesh
7049:Shuanggui
6865:Liu Shihe
6760:Chen Jian
6619:Yu Luming
6589:Xie Jilai
6559:Wang Yong
6539:Wang Like
6534:Wang Fuyu
6509:Sun Lijun
6414:Liu Qiang
6387:Li Zefeng
6357:Li Jinzao
6332:Hu Yifeng
6307:Dong Hong
6237:Yin Jiaxu
6170:Li Xinhua
6160:Li Guohua
6090:Chen Gang
6064:Yang Jing
6049:Nur Bekri
6044:Liu Shiyu
6020:full list
5998:Director)
5978:Zhao Leji
5887:Shuanggui
5810:Hong Kong
5667:(1983–87)
5649:(1957–59)
5643:(1955–57)
5637:(1951–52)
5631:(1950–53)
5463:Hong Kong
5206:Elections
5165:Hong Kong
5010:Guangdong
4987:Provinces
4967:Chongqing
4937:divisions
4807:President
4742:Secretary
4706:Politburo
4569:Singapore
4564:Hong Kong
4559:Australia
4538:Electoral
4507:Judiciary
4497:Executive
4235:President
3987:: 58–73.
3776:incumbent
3655:Formation
3592:Censorate
3552:, of the
3542:amendment
3346:Hong Kong
3332:Hong Kong
3318:Hong Kong
3029:One China
2854:Hong Kong
2632:Li Shulei
2617:Li Shulei
2590:Li Shulei
2116:Ying Yong
2093:Zhang Jun
2089:President
1798:Wang Peng
1772:Zhang Lin
1688:Members:
1499:He Lifeng
1434:Han Zheng
1400:President
1384:Presidium
1293:Zhao Leji
1268:Elections
1226:Secretary
1174:Secretary
1145:Li Ganjie
1086:He Lifeng
999:Zhao Leji
849:Democracy
774:Communism
609:(to 2020)
458:Elections
403:Zhao Leji
7762:Laws and
7695:(Russia)
7677:(Poland)
7625:(Latvia)
7584:(China)
7546:National
7400:Nepotism
7370:Cronyism
7275:Kickback
6905:Xu Liqun
6880:Meng Wei
6860:Liu Jifu
6743:or below
6669:Zhang Qi
6639:Zhang He
6604:Xue Heng
6599:Xu Guang
6594:Xing Yun
6549:Wang Tie
6377:Li Wenxi
6337:Huang Yi
6272:Ai Wenli
6215:Wang Bin
5350:Mainland
5260:National
5254:in China
5202:See also
5135:Xinjiang
5100:Zhejiang
5080:Shandong
5065:Liaoning
4972:Shanghai
4851:Chairman
4798:Chairman
4683:Ideology
4588:See also
4533:Auditory
3953:cite web
3907:Archived
3878:Archived
3843:Archived
3784:See also
3669:Zhejiang
3214:to China
3202:in China
3174:Minister
3156:Li Qiang
3113:Song Tao
3092:Leader:
2873:Leader:
2580:Leader:
2274:Chairman
2002:Leader:
1954:Dong Jun
1950:Minister
1936:Li Qiang
1932:Chairman
1759:Miao Hua
1703:Miao Hua
1644:Chairman
1472:Li Qiang
1289:Chairman
1202:Leader:
1078:Li Qiang
1035:Li Qiang
995:Li Qiang
952:Chairman
753:ideology
394:Li Qiang
319:Li Qiang
7851:Protest
7723:(Spain)
7613:(India)
7312:Scandal
7210:Bribery
7189:General
6885:Wangdui
6810:He Jian
6584:Xiao Yi
6469:Ren Hua
6429:Ma Ming
6409:Liu Jun
6367:Li Qian
6232:Wu Zhen
6210:Wang An
6032:members
5988:Leader)
5697:(2014–)
5691:(2014–)
5685:(2012–)
5518:Customs
5438:Customs
5287:Militia
5145:leaders
5130:Ningxia
5120:Guangxi
5112:regions
5090:Sichuan
5075:Shaanxi
5070:Qinghai
5055:Jiangxi
5050:Jiangsu
5015:Guizhou
4977:Tianjin
4962:Beijing
4866:Militia
4824:Premier
4773:Central
4111:of the
3665:Beijing
3544:to the
3178:Wang Yi
3162:Wang Yi
2517:He Rong
1910:Militia
1466: (
1464:Premier
1418:Chief:
1111:Chief:
734:History
138:Website
111:Beijing
30:国家监察委员会
7640:BIANCO
6805:Guo An
6372:Li Wei
6347:Li Jia
6200:Sun Bo
6185:Lu Wei
6095:Li Jia
5955:–2022)
5842:Laogai
5707:Abroad
5703:(2015)
5679:(2009)
5673:(1999)
5661:(1975)
5655:(1966)
5496:Police
5186:Taiwan
5095:Yunnan
5085:Shanxi
5020:Hainan
5000:Fujian
4059:
3686:, the
3661:Shanxi
3598:, and
2818:Cai Qi
2630:Head:
2609:Cai Qi
2582:Cai Qi
2325:Head:
1420:Cai Qi
1317:Liu Qi
1143:Head:
1113:Cai Qi
1100:Cai Qi
1047:Cai Qi
1010:Cai Qi
1003:Cai Qi
751:&
57:Formed
7600:USKOK
7348:State
7260:Fraud
7238:Shell
7233:Dummy
6464:Pu Bo
6394:]
6227:]
5805:Macao
5800:Tibet
5611:]
5587:]
5565:]
5535:Macau
5170:Macau
5140:Tibet
5060:Jilin
5045:Hunan
5040:Hubei
5035:Henan
5025:Hebei
5005:Gansu
4995:Anhui
3938:(PDF)
3931:(PDF)
3350:Macau
3336:Macau
3322:Macau
3256:BRICS
2859:Macau
2537:]
2359:CPWDP
2349:CNDCA
2234:]
2217:]
1742:Chief
1204:Li Xi
1178:Li Xi
115:China
86:China
76:China
5953:2017
5508:Fire
5299:NDMC
5250:and
5157:SARs
4678:Laws
4057:ISBN
3959:link
3720:Name
3667:and
3612:and
3536:The
2395:CDSP
2374:TDSL
2364:CZGP
2354:CAPD
2339:RCCK
1482:list
1468:list
1404:list
1277:14th
1260:14th
1168:20th
1158:20th
940:20th
927:20th
916:20th
896:list
885:20th
875:20th
583:Laws
517:1978
512:1975
507:1954
60:2018
7617:KPK
3989:doi
3767:刘金国
3744:杨晓渡
3717:No.
3610:Qin
3578:'s
2400:YCP
2390:KMT
2344:CDL
1650:):
1470:):
1406:):
484:Law
7921::
7203:/
7075:;
6392:zh
6225:zh
5609:zh
5585:zh
5563:zh
4055:.
4051:.
4030:^
4009:.
3985:52
3983:.
3967:^
3955:}}
3951:{{
3905:.
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3876:.
3870:.
3858:^
3837:.
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3320:;
3212:/
3200:/
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2980::
2929::
2592:,
2535:zh
2369:JS
2312::
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2232:zh
2215:zh
2114::
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