1000:
landmark cases. In 2010, Seow Wei Sin was initially given an 18-month prison sentence, which was lowered to a fine of S$ 5,000 on appeal after the courts had determined that Seow had little substantial connection to
Singapore except being born here, and thus had a low culpability for committing the default. In 2016, Brian Joseph Chow was initially handed a S$ 4,500 fine, which was set aside for one-and-a-half month prison sentence upon appeal. Chow had a substantial connection to Singapore, having been born and raised here, thus the prison sentence instead of just a fine. Additionally, by delaying national service obligations, it would violate "the principles of equity and universality and undermined the fair share agreement,β under which all males had to serve at the same time. In Chow's case, Justice
858:
account should they decide to study, work or travel in
Singapore in the future. The government advises of such consequences at the point of renunciation. After completing mandatory full-time national service, they can qualify to apply for the accelerated Singapore citizenship scheme. However, citizenship is not guaranteed for all applicants, as there are certain criteria that must be met such as educational qualification, income qualification and national service work performance/ conduct appraisal in the certificate issued upon the completion of full-time national service. From 2006 to 2010, about 2% of 3,000 second-generation permanent residents who have completed full-time national service and applied for Singapore citizenship had their applications rejected.
2142:
3054:
372:
35:
878:, national service in Singapore is based on principles of universality and equity, and these principles must be upheld so as to ensure Singaporeans' important support of and commitment to national service. If Singapore citizens are allowed to choose when they want to serve national service, it would not be fair to the vast majority of national servicemen who have served the country dutifully, and the institutions of national service will be undermined.
3429:
1798:
3855:
126:. Moreover, as compared to the Army, the Air Force, Navy & Digital and Intelligence Service are smaller armed services composed primarily of professional regular servicemen. Additionally, manpower requirements of the Navy and Air Force tend to be more specialised. The statutory age cap for reservist obligations is 40 for warrant officers, specialists and enlistees, and 50 for commissioned officers.
3865:
926:) to begin tertiary studies. Upon completion of the curriculum, as well as a mandatory year of Postgraduate Year 1 work, they will be required to complete the remaining duration of their national service as a Medical Officer after undergoing the Medical Officer Conversion Course. This form of disruption falls under the Local Medicine Disruption scheme, and is offered to those who:
1289:(SCDF) undergo four weeks of training at the National Service Training Centre (NSTC), where they are given Basic Rescue Training (BRT), exposed to regimental discipline, and trained to maintain the same level of fitness as their counterparts in the armed forces and police force. National servicemen who complete the four-week training at the NSTC are posted out to be trained as
1258:(ProCom) will undergo further training. Selection of officer cadets to undergo the NS Probationary Inspector Course (NSPI) is a stringent process for full-time police national servicemen. A very small number, usually those who receive the Best Trainee Award, from each cohort will be selected. The majority of the officer cadets are chosen from candidates who have completed the
1455:(WP) who had volunteered for national service before becoming a naturalised Singapore citizen. When Puthucheary pointed out that he had spent his career saving children's lives as a paediatrician, he was criticised for equating his profession with national service when a paediatrician is paid more than an average national serviceman. His candidacy led WP chief
2012:
1583:
contrary to the values of our organisation and should not be condoned. The original verse uses the following lyrics "Booking out, saw my girlfriend / Saw her with another man / Broken heart, back to Army / With my rifle and my buddy and me". The modifications were done independently by some groups during their march, and are not authorised.
2067:
1144:, or at the camps of units which directly draft mono-intake recruits. Combat-fit national servicemen with higher education undergo a nine-week enhanced BMT programme, while those with other educational qualifications and mono-intake recruits undergo the standard BMT programme. Recruits who perform well in BMT will be sent to the
1478:, had received preferential treatment because of his father's status as a PAP member of parliament and cabinet minister. Patrick Tan had been granted a 12-year disruption from full-time national service, and had been deployed as a medical scientist in the Defence Medical Research Institute when he resumed national service. The
967:. Conscientious objectors in Singapore usually face an average of 30 months of imprisonment. In its input to the OHCHR reports on conscientious objection to military service at HRC-50, Singapore confirmed that "HRC resolution 20/2 goes beyond what is prescribed in international law and applicable human rights instruments."
2117:
1568:
The news of the ban on the offensive lyrics, published by AWARE, quickly went viral online, drawing mixed reactions from netizens. Some servicemen argued that army song lyrics are often modified and should not be taken seriously, condemning AWAREβs actions as an over-reaction; while others criticized
1524:
also advocated for expanding NS beyond military roles, emphasizing the importance of offering both men and women choices in their service, whether in the military or other forms of community engagement. They argue that NS should not be determined by gender but should provide diverse opportunities for
975:
Those who are liable to serve national service but refuse to do so are charged under the
Enlistment Act. If one is convicted, they may face up to either three years' imprisonment and/or a fine of S$ 10,000. Some national service pre-enlistees will be denied entry into the country if they are overseas
1339:
as part of the
General Command & Control Term to train them for command positions. Firefighters are typically posted out to the various fire stations around Singapore, while Fire & Rescue Specialists become section commanders at territorial divisions, fire stations or at the Special Response
1025:
set out new sentencing benchmarks for defaulters which had been described as "more onerous" than the guidelines laid down earlier by
Justice Chan Seng Onn. In a written judgment, the court said that the length of sentences should be amplified for those who have defaulted for a longer period of time,
950:
Medical exemptions are granted through the
Central Manpower Base (CMPB) medical screening, which assigns individuals a Physical Employment Standard (PES) grade. In 2022, the National Service Review Committee (NSRC) revised the PES system. The classification shifted from a simple binary of combat fit
2353:
78:
Conscription was first instituted in
Singapore in 1967 to help build the country's armed forces having just gained its independence two years prior in 1965. The government's rationale was that a strong military is an indispensable guarantor of the country's continued sovereignty, and has since been
857:
Second-generation male permanent residents are required by law to serve national service just like male citizens. The rationale is that they too enjoy the socio-economic national benefits of schooling and living in "peacetime" Singapore. Their failure to serve national service will be taken into
157:
national conscription schemes. About 9,000 young men born between 1 January and 30 June 1949 became the first batch of enlistees to be drafted for national service. Singapore had sought assistance through official diplomacy from other countries, but their refusal to provide help prompted
Israeli
1582:
We understand that there have been some concerns about a ban on the popular marching song Purple Light because of an offensive verse. We would like to clarify that Purple Light has not been banned. However, steps have been taken to stop the offensive verse from being sung in the SAF, as it runs
999:
received for defaulting on his national service obligations in the 1970s after obtaining
British citizenship. Tan had received a composition fine while other defaulters had been given the maximum fines or imprisonment. Clarity over how judges would sentence a defaulter was clearer in successive
184:
From 1971 to 2004, the duration of the conscription was either two years or two and half years, depending on the conscript's educational qualifications. By
December 2004, the duration had been reduced to two years, driven by the evolution of the Singapore Armed Forces into the "Third Generation
1854:
1651:
1528:
The Singapore Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen stated "the societal cost of enlisting women into NS now would far outweigh the benefits." In response to calls for expanding NS's scope, Ng emphasized that the primary objective of the SAF remains to "train soldiers capable of defending Singapore."
1107:, a Singaporean convicted sex offender and former blogger, YouTuber, and child actor, who was charged for wounding religious feelings over a series of blog posts. He left Singapore to seek asylum in the United States before he could be called up for National Service. While living in
1340:
Unit. Depending on their rankings at the time of completing the courses, a small number of them may become instructors in the Civil Defence Academy to staff the Command and Staff Training Centre (CSTC), Specialist Training Centre (STC) or Firefighting Training Centre (FFTC).
1546:"Purple Light" is a marching song that has been popular among National Servicemen (NSmen). The song, among many other army songs, is often sung during route marches and physical training sessions to build bondings and boost morale. The original lyrics of the song include: "
1199:(IPPT) consisting of push-ups, sit-ups and a 2.4 km (1.5 mi) run, with a minimum of 61 points. Before April 2015, the IPPT consisted of six stations: the 2.4 km (1.5 mi) run, sit-ups, pull-ups, standing-broad jump, sit-and-reach stretch and shuttle-run.
800:
According to the Enlistment Act 1970, conscription is mandatory for all "persons subject to act", defined as those who are not less than 16.5 years of age and not more than 40 years of age, with some exemptions and with no specific bias to gender (not limited to males).
980:, who are usually sentenced to three years' imprisonment in the Singapore Armed Forces Detention Barracks, where they are also separated from other conscription offenders and assigned to do mundane tasks such as cooking. The government currently does not consider
865:
Singapore permanent residents who served national service but did not acquire Singapore citizenship will be treated equally to those permanent residents without service obligation; they would not have access to the privileges granted to Singapore citizens.
881:
Pre-enlistees are allowed to defer national service to complete full-time tertiary studies as long as they are pursuing full-time studies and pursuing a course from what they have previously attained, up to the first pre-university qualification bar
824:
There is a voluntary early enlist scheme by the Central Manpower Base (CMPB) for pre-enlistees who opt for early enlistment, with the consent of their parents, to begin their full-time national service at the earliest age of 16 years and six months.
1381:
stated that "if there is a conflict, if the Singapore Armed Forces is called to defend the homeland, we do not want to put any of our soldiers in a difficult position where their emotions for the nation may be in conflict with their religion".
1643:
1529:
Therefore, proposals advocating for the recruitment of women into healthcare roles or promoting gender equality are deemed "far from feasible." He expressed concerns that enlistment would delay women's entry into the workforce, leading to
1491:
Female Singaporeans are not required to enroll in compulsory national service. However, voluntary participation is encouraged, and many women serve as volunteers and regulars. Since 2015, there have been over 1,600 servicewomen in the
1850:
954:
All female Singapore citizens and permanent residents are exempt from NS. Male permanent residents under the "Professionals/Technical Personnel and Skilled Workers Scheme" (PTS scheme) or the "Investor Scheme" are exempt from NS.
861:
If the person is not granted Singapore citizenship but still holds Singapore permanent residency, he is still obliged by law to serve the national service obligations, i.e. operationally-ready reservist duties/in-camp trainings.
1734:
3460:
897:
Those granted approval in national sports teams to compete in national/overseas events will be drafted as soon as they return from one of the national-level events. As of July 2018, only three persons (Maximilian Soh,
351:, total 352,500: After 2 years full time service the NSFs become part of the NSmen part-time reservists force, where they serve part time for 10 years which is called ORNS (Operationally Ready National Service) period.
1095:, a Malaysian swimmer who became a permanent resident of Singapore. Lim left Singapore in July 2015 and failed to report for national service in November that year. He returned in June 2018 and enlisted in April 2019.
1101:, Singapore-born British musician who defaulted for more than 3 decades. Tan renounced his Singapore citizenship in 1978, but returned to the country to face charges in 2005. He was fined $ 3,000, with no jail term.
333:
NSFs - National Servicemen Full-time, nearly 50,000 conscripted every year for 2 years full-time service: This is the number of eligible males who reach the mandatory military age annually. In 2022, nearly 10% were
185:
Singapore Armed Forces" and the increase in the number of enlistees over the next ten years. As a bonus incentive, the national service duration can also be reduced by a further two months for combat-fit enlistees (
2552:
1482:
refuted the allegation of preferential treatment and explained that Patrick Tan had been granted exemption along with 86 candidates between 1973 and 1992, under a scheme to train medical professionals.
1369:
not required to serve national service from the beginning of the draft in its initial years from 1967 until 1977, largely due to cultural and racial sensitivities with the country's immediate neighbour
2818:
1210:
before enlistment will have to undergo an additional four-week Physical Training Phase (PTP), making their entire BMT duration 17 weeks instead of nine weeks. Conscripts who are considered medically
914:
Under special circumstances, Singaporean males are allowed to disrupt their national service before the completion of their full-time national service if they fulfil one of the following conditions:
1553:
However, in 2013, several NSmen raised concerns to AWARE about an offensive verse in the song. The problematic lyrics, which suggested misogynist values and "sexist violence against women," were: β
2496:
951:
or non-combat fit to a more nuanced assessment of an individual's "operational effectiveness." Individuals can choose to turn down a medical exemption, and serve NS tailored to their condition.
1206:
is C or E, meaning they are non-combat-fit, undergo a nine-week modified BMT which trains them for combat service support vocations. National servicemen who PES is A or B1 and do not pass the
2624:
941:
Scholarship. Those who are awarded the PSC Overseas Merit Scholarship are granted disruption in the first year of full-time national service to pursue their studies in an overseas university.
1898:
2592:
1508:
Social studies have shown that more than 20% women are willing to serve a full-term NS, while almost 10% women Singaporeans are willing to conscript themselves. During a debate on the
1343:
Only the top performing 5β10% of each Section Commanders Course cohort will be selected to undergo the Rota Commanders Course (RCC) to be trained as senior officers (with the rank of
138:
felt that it was necessary to build a substantial military force to defend the country, which had only about 1,000 soldiers when it became independent in 1965. In the late 1960s, the
540:
2942:
134:
The National Service (Amendment) Bill was passed on 14 March 1967, making National Service (NS) compulsory for all 18-year-old male Singapore citizens and permanent residents. The
3457:
1312:
to undergo the three-month Firefighter Course (FFC) or the five-month Section Commanders Course (SCC), where they are respectively trained to be Firefighters (with the rank of
536:
288:
Full-time National Servicemen serving national service during this time had a two-month reduction from their national service duration to compensate them for the policy change
3029:
1565:
AWARE brought the issue to the attention of the MINDEF and SAF, who immediately halted the singing of the offensive lyrics to prevent the use of offensive language in camps.
149:
That prompted the Singapore government to implement a conscription programme for the country's defence needs. It adopted a conscription model drawing on elements from the
1533:
and impacting families, children, spouses, and society at large. According to Ng, the societal costs outweigh the benefits of reversing gender equality in this context.
3395:
2981:
1520:(Sembawang GRC) raised concerns about the recruitment of women into the SAF, alongside other initiatives aimed at enhancing gender equality. Non-profit organization
3055:"Oral Reply by Minister for Defence Mr Ng Eng Hen to Parliamentary Questions on Enlisting Women for National Service and Servicewomen in the Singapore Armed Forces"
3160:
1799:"Ministerial Statement by Minister for Defence Dr Ng Eng Hen to Clarify Liability and Contributions of New Citizens to National Service for Parliamentary Sitting"
2544:
808:
are required to register for national service upon reaching the age of 16 years and six months, during which they would also be required to undergo a mandatory
165:
The stated rationale behind conscription is two-fold. Firstly, because Singapore has a population of about 5.5 million (as of 2014), an army consisting of only
2310:
1443:(PAP), was exempted from national service as he is a first-generation naturalised Singapore citizen. Puthucheary, who made his debut as a PAP candidate in the
2711:
2417:
1521:
555:
3182:
2826:
3080:
641:
3133:
2796:
79:
expanded to involve its police force and civil defence force. Upon enlistment, male citizens and second-generation permanent residents serve two years in
2504:
2045:
1026:
to "reflect the decline in a person's physical fitness with age" and also to create a "progressive disincentive" for defaulters to delay their return.
992:
Similarly to enlistees failing to enlist, defaulters would be charged and faced with up to three years' imprisonment and/or a fine of up to S$ 10,000.
1417:
846:
2574:
1463:
to allow only male candidates who have served their national service to run for elections. In March 2015, Puthucheary joined the first intake of the
1347:), as the majority of officer cadets originate from the Singapore Armed Forces Basic Military Training Programme before being seconded to the Force.
3744:
2614:
1987:
1704:
1612:
716:
2736:
3769:
2468:
841:, an island in eastern Singapore, before returning to their battalion. Exceptions to the mono-intake programme include conscripts enlisted in the
2846:
2588:
2518:
2257:
1950:
1471:
1321:
1243:
883:
781:
258:
228:
3894:
938:
2092:
3496:
2258:"STATEMENT BY SINGAPORE DURING THE GENERAL DEBATE ON ITEM 2 DURING THE 48TH REGULAR SESSION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL, 14 SEPTEMBER 2021"
1623:
1207:
1196:
1086:
312:
232:
190:
1756:
2950:
2646:
3820:
1742:
805:
3889:
721:
476:
471:
2686:
1894:
3025:
1444:
1114:
Jonathan Lee Han Wen, a graduate who is born in Singapore but brought up in Hong Kong was sentenced to 3 weeks imprisonment in 2019.
1062:
919:
726:
371:
1876:
1548:
Booking out, saw my girlfriend / Saw her with, another man / Scold the man, dump my girlfriend (With my rifle and my buddy and me)
932:
Have less than a year of National Service obligation, but must extend their duration of service until a total of one year remains.
833:
Mono-intake refers to a type of enlistment where conscripts are directly enlisted into an active battalion unit and undergo their
3904:
3830:
2909:
1332:
1189:
1149:
481:
339:
236:
139:
115:
3369:
2286:
1385:
After Malays were eventually conscripted into national service from the 1980s, they were assigned mainly to serve in either the
1277:. Official correspondence in the Singapore Police Force clearly differentiates a national serviceman from a regular serviceman.
3784:
3689:
2740:
2388:
2195:
1803:
1678:
1479:
1413:
1402:
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1047:
923:
875:
666:
636:
111:
3336:
1555:
Booking out, see my girlfriend/ Saw her with another man/ Kill the man, rape my girlfriend (With my rifle and my buddy and me)
1218:(BMI) during the pre-enlistment medical examination. A BMI of above 27 is considered indicative of obesity, as opposed to the
1168:) respectively. A handful of high-performing candidates are also selected for a nine-month advanced training programme at the
3899:
3406:
2973:
1195:
A two-month reduction in full-time national service is offered to all pre-enlistees who are able to pass their three-station
1137:
3789:
2331:
1895:"Written Reply by Minister for Defence Dr Ng Eng Hen to Parliamentary Question on Permanent Residents in National Service"
1606:
1452:
1390:
1286:
1274:
1185:
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while some pre-enlistees are court-martialled for their failure to enlist or refusal to be conscripted. Most convicts are
842:
621:
193:
prior to enlistment. Non-combat-fit enlistees (PES B2 and below) will still serve the full 24 months of national service.
169:
would not be sufficient to defend the country. Secondly, national service is supposed to promote racial harmony among the
123:
92:
1569:
the violent content of the lyrics, emphasizing the importance of respecting women's roles in society and within the SAF.
686:
393:
68:). This requires all qualified male Singaporean citizens and second-generation permanent residents to serve a period of
3579:
3825:
3629:
3624:
2914:
2328:"Refusing to Bear Arms: A worldwide survey of conscription and conscientious objection to military service: Singapore"
1617:
1255:
701:
616:
611:
335:
154:
1305:, information and communications and logistics specialists, or physical training instructors, among other vocations.
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status, which in most cases, determines which vocational groups the pre-enlistee is physically able to be posted to.
2307:
1712:
1409:(2007), claimed that "official discrimination against the Malay population in the military remains an open secret".
3794:
3529:
3244:
2413:
2167:
1398:
1214:
undergo a 19-week BMT programme aimed at helping them lose weight. The obesity of a conscript is determined by his
774:
661:
511:
107:
3739:
3704:
3659:
3458:
Singapore Statutes Chapter 93: Enlistment Act (1967), archived in the Attorney General Chamber (AGC) of Singapore.
3714:
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891:
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691:
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501:
43:
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3619:
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and standard police protocol. After training at the Academy, they will be posted to various departments such as
1192:
and perform exceptionally well can take the Situational Test to assess their suitability for command positions.
3835:
3654:
3589:
3511:
3489:
2788:
1082:
3779:
3729:
3684:
3664:
3554:
3003:
2872:
Sean Walsh (2007). "The Roar of the Lion City: Ethnicity, Gender, and Culture in the Singapore Armed Forces".
1440:
3649:
3534:
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2037:
329:
In 2022-23, the approximate headcount of Singapore Armed Forces personnel across 3 categories is as follows:
3754:
3669:
3634:
3614:
3544:
1335:. SCC trainees receive additional rescue and emergency training and undergo a Basic Home Team Course at the
1325:
1247:
1145:
1022:
887:
754:
736:
731:
631:
626:
591:
586:
576:
571:
561:
262:
135:
57:
3840:
3759:
3719:
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3609:
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1309:
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3734:
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3644:
3604:
3599:
3564:
3549:
2762:
1600:
1594:
1493:
1425:
1421:
1386:
1320:). Admission into the Section Commanders Course typically requires a minimum educational qualification of
1270:
1259:
1239:
1231:
1177:
1161:
1153:
1133:
1111:, he was convicted and imprisoned for solicitation of a 14-year-old girl and possessing child pornography.
981:
977:
964:
711:
706:
696:
676:
671:
656:
651:
646:
601:
596:
581:
551:
526:
521:
403:
159:
150:
119:
88:
84:
39:
3694:
3574:
3559:
3306:
1924:
767:
566:
531:
315:
before enlisting will have their full-time National Service duration reduced to one year and ten months.
106:. The reasons for this include the larger relative manpower needs of the Army compared to the country's
2843:
2442:
1308:
Within the first two weeks of the BRT stage, high-performing national servicemen may be posted to the
1029:
There are four tiers of punishment, which vary in severity according to the length of default period:
995:
In 2006, there was a public outcry over the "lenient" sentence which Singaporean-born British pianist
3594:
1066:
606:
546:
178:
2220:
War Resisters' International, Conscientious Objection to Military Service 2017-2022, March 22, 2022.
1946:
3809:
3482:
1497:
1464:
795:
448:
413:
408:
174:
170:
3864:
2223:
3215:
3107:
2891:
2545:"Mindef says Ben Davis' family had no intention of him serving NS but boy's father disputes this"
1360:
1251:
418:
398:
804:
Male Singapore citizens and second-generation permanent residents who have registered for their
34:
3370:"'Kill the Man, Rape My Girlfriend' Singapore's Army Removes Violent Lyrics from Marching Song"
1069:
in 2018, and default on his enlistment in 2019 after failing in his applications for deferment.
894:. Deferment is not granted for all degree courses, even if they have already begun the course.
3344:
3252:
3190:
3088:
2853:, 3 March 1993. Seminar Synopses of the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard.
1436:
1336:
1235:
1169:
1165:
1077:
1036:
Those who evade NS for seven to 10 years face a minimum jail sentence of five to eight months.
433:
17:
2883:
2687:"Singaporean Amos Yee jailed in the US for grooming 14-year-old girl, possessing child porn"
2619:
1420:
and air defence personnel" and stating that "the proportion of eligible Malays selected for
899:
516:
443:
438:
72:
1269:
The national service ranks in the Singapore Police Force differ slightly from those of the
1085:. Kwan allegedly had entered Singapore multiple times without being arrested, to which the
1042:
Those who evade NS for 17 or more years face a minimum jail sentence of two to three years.
1033:
Those who evade NS for two to six years face a minimum jail sentence of two to four months.
3464:
3119:
2850:
2314:
1456:
1378:
1302:
1215:
1092:
3183:"White Paper on S'pore women's development: Bold yet nuanced approach to gender equality"
3081:"The real Ah Girls Go Army: Meet 4 SAF female soldiers who starred in 2015 Mindef series"
1877:"All NSFs, except those in elite and support vocations, to undergo BMT on Pulau Tekong"
1394:
1313:
1053:
revealed in a parliamentary speech that there was an average of 350 defaulters yearly.
903:
219:
103:
2919:
1039:
Those who evade NS for 11 to 16 years face a minimum jail sentence of 14 to 22 months.
3883:
3858:
3469:
3400:
2895:
2615:"No record of Crazy Rich Asians author Kevin Kwan entering Singapore since 2000: MHA"
2282:
2168:"This young man lost his arm and could be exempted from NS. He chose to serve anyway"
1448:
1001:
423:
1550:.β A former NSman described the original "Purple Light" as a βstupid and funβ song.
2647:"Former Malaysia swimmer sentenced to prison in Singapore | New Straits Times"
1290:
1141:
838:
491:
453:
363:
166:
143:
53:
2661:
3430:"Clarification on ban of offensive verse in popular marching song "Purple Light""
2308:
http://www.jw.org/en/news/legal/by-region/singapore/jehovahs-witnesses-in-prison/
3868:
2712:"Singaporean Amos Yee back in custody in the US a month after release on parole"
1620: – Chinese opposition to conscription service during British rule
1509:
428:
80:
69:
2327:
2235:
2589:"Kevin Kwan, author of Crazy Rich Asians, defaulted on NS obligations: MINDEF"
1517:
1513:
1344:
1298:
1181:
1098:
1072:
1050:
996:
377:
348:
3348:
3256:
3194:
3134:"2 in 5 NSmen say employers rather hire staff with no NS commitments: survey"
3092:
2887:
1988:"Mindef says NS has to be universal and fair to ensure Singaporeans' support"
1065:, a footballer who chose to continue with a second professions contract with
3278:
1203:
1173:
813:
809:
186:
158:
diplomats to extend a helping hand to Singapore in the establishment of the
96:
49:
2469:"High Court sets new sentencing framework for national service defaulters"
1825:
1780:
2844:
A Question of Loyalty: Ethnic Minorities, Military Service and Resistance
2519:"About 350 default on National Service obligations each year: Ng Eng Hen"
1665:
1530:
1475:
1371:
1365:
1317:
1157:
1108:
1104:
249:
1577:
On 18 November 2013, MINDEF issued a response to the public discussion:
3474:
2819:"13th Rota Commander Course Officer Cadets Graduate to Greater Heights"
2143:"Fact Sheet: Conclusion of Review by National Service Review Committee"
1328:
1294:
1211:
265:
2662:"Singapore-born pianist cancels concert over draft-dodge controversy"
1972:
271:
Will be administratively promoted to at least the rank of corporal.
1474:, it was alleged that Patrick Tan, a son of presidential candidate
3161:"Study shows one in 10 S'porean women willing to do full-time NS"
1664:
Essential (Incitement Against National Service) Regulations (
1416:
has refuted Walsh's claims, noting that there are "Malay pilots,
2497:"High Court sets out new sentencing framework for NS defaulters"
3478:
2766:
2224:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-05/WRI-HRC50.pdf
1947:"3,000 2nd-gen PRs who did NS applied to be Singapore citizens"
1428:
training is similar to the proportion of eligible non-Malays."
95:(SCDF), following which they transit to an operationally-ready
2389:"Defaulting On NS? Here's How NS Defaulters Will Be Sentenced"
3279:"Complete List of Singaporean Army Songs For Your Next March"
2737:"Fact Sheet - Basic Military Training Centre (BMTC) School V"
1004:
listed the factors which would determine the sentence given:
918:
Accepted an offer into a local undergraduate medical school (
1920:
99:
state as operationally-ready national servicemen (NSmen).
3026:"Patrick Tan did not get preferential treatment during NS"
2414:"Opposition to NS defaulter Melvyn Tan's SSO performance"
1512:
on Singapore Women's Development, Members of Parliament,
42:
in 2015 for national servicemen who have completed their
2974:"PAP has abused power to secure political advantage: WP"
3337:"Offensive verse of popular army marching song banned"
1017:
whether the defaulter had pleaded guilty during trial.
984:
to be a legal reason for refusal of national service.
1439:, an elected Member of Parliament from the governing
1316:) or Fire & Rescue Specialists (with the rank of
971:
Punishment for refusing enlistment without exemptions
56:
system in accordance with the regulations set by the
2443:"Man jailed 1.5 months for evading NS for six years"
929:
Have more than a year of National Service obligation
311:
1. Combat-fit (PES A/B1) pre-enlistees who pass the
3808:
3768:
3510:
3079:Correspondent, Jeanmarie TanSenior (5 March 2022).
2038:"No NS deferment for Fulham teen Ben Davis: Mindef"
3405:
1405:. American military analyst Sean Walsh, who wrote
2330:. War Resisters' International. 3 October 1998.
2236:"The men going to military jail for their faith"
1008:the duration for which the defaulter evaded NS;
83:as full-time national servicemen (NSFs) in the
3004:"First intake of SAF Volunteer Corps enlisted"
2068:"National Service registration and disruption"
3490:
2943:"PAP's Janil Puthucheary: "I did not do NSβ¦""
1188:. Some national servicemen who have at least
775:
8:
3245:"Purple Light: Good riddance to bad ditties"
285:GCE A Level, Polytechnic Diploma, or higher
146:, including troops stationed in Singapore.
2765:. Ministry of Defence. 2008. Archived from
2575:"Reply to Queries on Ben Davis' Enlistment"
1208:Individual Physical Proficiency Test (IPPT)
965:conscientious objection to military service
890:or their equivalent) before enlistment for
191:Individual Physical Proficiency Test (IPPT)
3497:
3483:
3475:
1666:Cap. 90, Rg 8, 1990 Rev. Ed.
853:Second-generation male permanent residents
806:National Registration Identity Card (NRIC)
782:
768:
359:
1500:. Women may also serve in SPF and SCDF.
142:had decided to withdraw troops and bases
1613:Awards for Singapore National Serviceman
959:Discussion about conscientious objection
309:
195:
33:
2838:
2836:
1635:
1537:Allegation of gender equality violation
745:
490:
462:
384:
362:
3115:
3105:
1654:from the original on 28 November 2015.
347:NSmen - National Servicemen part-time
3330:
3328:
3307:"The perplexing case of Purple Light"
3301:
3299:
3238:
3236:
3049:
3047:
2763:"iPrepNS: Frequently asked questions"
2627:from the original on 4 September 2018
2595:from the original on 4 September 2018
2491:
2489:
2437:
2435:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2334:from the original on 17 December 2012
2289:from the original on 5 September 2008
2190:
2188:
1246:(SOC), Logistics, Land Divisions and
1138:Basic Military Training Centre (BMTC)
7:
1901:from the original on 7 February 2015
1775:
1773:
1624:List of Singapore Armed Forces bases
1496:and more than 500 volunteers in the
1197:Individual Physical Proficiency Test
1011:whether the surrender was voluntary;
205:Full-time National Service duration
2660:Team, Editorial (4 December 2005).
1927:from the original on 9 October 2016
1285:National servicemen serving in the
1230:National servicemen serving in the
814:Physical Employment Standards (PES)
2910:"US soldier takes potshots at SAF"
2555:from the original on 1 August 2018
1857:from the original on 12 March 2012
1757:"CMPB | Pre-Enlistee IPPT and BMI"
1705:"A Deep, Dark, Secret Love Affair"
1451:, a candidate from the opposition
102:The majority of NSFs serve in the
25:
3335:Chow, Jermyn (16 November 2013).
3032:from the original on 22 July 2018
2420:from the original on 22 July 2018
2048:from the original on 18 July 2018
1715:from the original on 20 July 2011
1504:Debate about women's conscription
1152:(OCS) for further training to be
920:Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine
3863:
3854:
3853:
3404:. 3 January 2014. Archived from
3216:"Policy and Position Statements"
1953:from the original on 25 May 2012
1703:Barzilai, Amnon (16 July 2004).
1459:to call for an amendment to the
1204:Physical Employment Status (PES)
370:
116:Digital and Intelligence Service
3159:Saad, Imelda (8 October 2013).
2984:from the original on 4 May 2011
2918:. 12 March 2007. Archived from
2799:from the original on 4 May 2018
2741:Ministry of Defence (Singapore)
1804:Ministry of Defence (Singapore)
1447:, was unfavourably compared to
939:Public Service Commission (PSC)
924:Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
906:) have been granted deferment.
849:and certain support vocations.
29:Compulsory service in Singapore
3821:British Indian Ocean Territory
3396:"Right to ban offensive verse"
3243:Lui, John (27 November 2013).
2503:. 25 July 2017. Archived from
2013:"CMPB | Deferment for studies"
1432:Alleged preferential treatment
1234:(SPF) undergo training at the
1222:'s guideline of 30 and above.
1:
2941:Loh, Andrew (15 April 2011).
2196:"National Service Obligation"
1973:"ENLISTMENT ACT (CHAPTER 93)"
1679:"National Service Obligation"
1644:"Enlistment Act (Chapter 93)"
1607:Singapore Civil Defence Force
1287:Singapore Civil Defence Force
1275:Singapore Civil Defence Force
1186:Singapore Civil Defence Force
1130:Basic Military Training (BMT)
963:Singapore does not recognize
892:Basic Military Training (BMT)
835:Basic Military Training (BMT)
93:Singapore Civil Defence Force
18:National Service in Singapore
3895:Law enforcement in Singapore
2358:Central Manpower Base (CMPB)
2317:"Imprisoned for Their Faith"
2122:Central Manpower Base (CMPB)
2097:www.singhealthacademy.edu.sg
2017:Central Manpower Base (CMPB)
1986:hermesauto (26 April 2017).
1503:
1014:one's performance during NS;
394:Alternative civilian service
75:in the uniformed services.
40:Marina Bay Floating Platform
38:A passing out parade at the
3277:Rarefyi (6 November 2021).
3181:Ho, Grace (29 March 2022).
3140:(in French). 8 October 2013
2862:Straits Times, 2 April 1987
2543:hermesauto (18 July 2018).
2467:hermesauto (25 July 2017).
2387:Rajoo, Nisha (9 May 2016).
1618:1954 National Service riots
1498:SAF Volunteer Corps (SAFVC)
1376:Second Minister for Defence
1256:Protective Security Command
1250:(APD). Those posted to the
1128:There are several types of
1083:2018 film of the same title
1081:which was adapted into the
208:Educational qualifications
3921:
2972:Loh, Andrew (3 May 2011).
2875:Armed Forces & Society
1472:2011 presidential election
1470:During the lead-up to the
1244:Special Operations Command
1202:National servicemen whose
793:
276:June 2004 β November 2004
3890:Conscription in Singapore
3849:
2118:"CMPB | Medical concerns"
1648:Singapore Statutes Online
1487:Women in national service
1407:The Roar of the Lion City
1220:World Health Organization
988:Defaulting: draft evasion
305:Performance-based system
282:Two years and two months
255:Two years and six months
3570:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3006:. AsiaOne. 26 March 2015
2888:10.1177/0095327X06291854
2849:6 September 2006 at the
2789:"POLICE HERITAGE CENTRE"
2393:SingaporeLegalAdvice.com
1087:Ministry of Home Affairs
293:December 2004 β present
3905:Conscription by country
3831:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1264:Basic Military Training
1248:Airport Police Division
1238:, where they study the
1146:Specialist Cadet School
982:conscientious objection
58:Government of Singapore
44:Basic Military Training
2313:23 August 2014 at the
2093:"Post Graduate Year 1"
1601:Singapore Police Force
1595:Singapore Armed Forces
1461:Singapore constitution
1271:Singapore Armed Forces
1260:Singapore Armed Forces
1232:Singapore Police Force
1178:Singapore Police Force
1134:Singapore Armed Forces
1075:, author of the novel
404:Conscientious objector
189:A or B1) who pass the
160:Singapore Armed Forces
89:Singapore Police Force
85:Singapore Armed Forces
46:
3900:Military of Singapore
1781:"NS Portal - Welcome"
1445:2011 general election
1441:People's Action Party
1310:Civil Defence Academy
1281:Civil defence service
1162:commissioned officers
463:By historical country
376:1780 caricature of a
338:and another 10% were
216:1971 β November 2004
37:
3745:United Arab Emirates
3505:Conscription in Asia
1150:Officer Cadet School
1067:Fulham Football Club
1063:Benjamin James Davis
937:Are recipients of a
746:By geographical area
717:United Arab Emirates
136:Singapore government
52:maintains an active
3772:limited recognition
3463:2 July 2017 at the
2649:. 10 February 2021.
2416:. 18 January 2016.
1516:(Nee Soon GRC) and
1480:Ministry of Defence
1465:SAF Volunteer Corps
1414:Ministry of Defence
1391:Civil Defence Force
1356:Exclusion of Malays
1048:Minister of Defence
978:Jehovah's Witnesses
888:Polytechnic Diploma
876:Ministry of Defence
812:to determine their
810:medical examination
796:Enlistment Act 1970
449:Penal military unit
414:Counter-recruitment
409:Conscription crisis
340:permanent residents
302:All qualifications
279:Corporal or higher
124:Civil Defence Force
3376:. 22 November 2013
3313:. 18 November 2013
3118:has generic name (
2978:The Online Citizen
2947:The Online Citizen
2623:. 28 August 2018.
1921:"MINDEF Singapore"
1531:manpower shortages
1361:Malay Singaporeans
1252:Police Coast Guard
1190:NITEC certificates
1164:(with the rank of
1156:(with the rank of
1057:Notable defaulters
884:GCE Advanced Level
419:Draft-card burning
399:Civil conscription
140:British government
47:
3877:
3876:
3814:other territories
3434:www.mindef.gov.sg
3410:on 3 January 2014
3341:The Straits Times
3249:The Straits Times
3187:The Straits Times
3085:The Straits Times
3059:www.mindef.gov.sg
2829:on 5 August 2022.
2793:www.police.gov.sg
2549:The Straits Times
2473:The Straits Times
2354:"CMPB | Offences"
2238:. 12 October 2021
2147:www.mindef.gov.sg
2072:www.mindef.gov.sg
2042:The Straits Times
1992:The Straits Times
1739:www.mindef.gov.sg
1573:Official response
1437:Janil Puthucheary
1393:, but not in the
1337:Home Team Academy
1236:Home Team Academy
1170:Home Team Academy
1166:Second Lieutenant
1132:conducted by the
1078:Crazy Rich Asians
874:According to the
843:Naval Diving Unit
792:
791:
492:By modern country
320:
319:
316:
16:(Redirected from
3912:
3867:
3857:
3856:
3826:Christmas Island
3512:Sovereign states
3499:
3492:
3485:
3476:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3409:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2953:on 21 April 2011
2949:. Archived from
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2854:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2825:. Archived from
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2620:Channel NewsAsia
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2507:on 28 July 2017.
2493:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2384:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2324:
2318:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2283:"Enlistment Act"
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2232:
2226:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2044:. 16 July 2018.
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1881:Channel NewsAsia
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1851:"Enlistment Act"
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1741:. Archived from
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1675:
1669:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1640:
1124:Military service
1119:Types of service
900:Joseph Schooling
820:Early enlistment
784:
777:
770:
444:National service
439:Military service
385:Related concepts
374:
360:
310:
246:1971 β May 2004
196:
73:military service
62:National Service
21:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3845:
3813:
3804:
3785:Northern Cyprus
3771:
3764:
3506:
3503:
3465:Wayback Machine
3454:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3259:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3114:
3104:
3097:
3095:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2922:on 16 July 2007
2908:
2907:
2903:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2851:Wayback Machine
2841:
2834:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2769:on 7 April 2011
2761:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2743:. 18 March 2019
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2315:Wayback Machine
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2222:retrieved from
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1745:on 23 May 2024.
1733:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1663:
1659:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1591:
1575:
1563:
1561:Public reaction
1544:
1539:
1506:
1489:
1457:Low Thia Khiang
1434:
1379:Lee Hsien Loong
1358:
1353:
1283:
1228:
1216:body mass index
1126:
1121:
1093:Lim Ching Hwang
1059:
990:
973:
961:
948:
912:
872:
855:
831:
822:
798:
788:
759:
741:
667:the Philippines
637:the Netherlands
486:
458:
380:
358:
325:
132:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3918:
3916:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
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3810:Dependencies
3740:Turkmenistan
3709:
3705:Saudi Arabia
3437:. Retrieved
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2747:23 September
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2666:PravdaReport
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1387:Police Force
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1342:
1333:Higher NITEC
1307:
1299:dog handlers
1291:firefighters
1284:
1268:
1229:
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1194:
1142:Pulau Tekong
1127:
1076:
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839:Pulau Tekong
832:
823:
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687:South Africa
681:
482:Soviet Union
454:War resister
364:Conscription
336:new citizens
328:
326:
268:, or higher
183:
164:
148:
144:East of Suez
133:
120:Police Force
101:
77:
65:
61:
54:conscription
48:
31:
26:
3869:Asia portal
3770:States with
3690:Philippines
3630:South Korea
3625:North Korea
3520:Afghanistan
3116:|last=
3010:8 September
2631:4 September
2599:4 September
2528:21 December
2478:21 December
2452:21 December
2447:TODAYonline
2398:21 December
2363:21 December
2102:14 December
2077:14 December
1510:White Paper
1374:. In 1987,
1326:Polytechnic
1322:GCE A Level
1266:programme.
1182:Lieutenants
1154:specialists
829:Mono intake
702:Switzerland
642:New Zealand
617:South Korea
612:North Korea
429:Impressment
263:Polytechnic
259:GCE A Level
239:, or lower
233:GCE N Level
229:GCE O Level
81:active duty
70:active duty
60:, known as
3884:Categories
3750:Uzbekistan
3725:Tajikistan
3640:Kyrgyzstan
3620:Kazakhstan
3540:Bangladesh
3530:Azerbaijan
3138:Yahoo News
2882:(2): 265.
2671:23 January
1835:8 November
1830:NS Matters
1826:"Glossary"
1810:8 November
1630:References
1542:Background
1518:Poh Li San
1514:Carrie Tan
1422:specialist
1345:Lieutenant
1297:(medics),
1293:, medical
1240:Penal Code
1174:Inspectors
1172:to become
1099:Melvyn Tan
1073:Kevin Kwan
1051:Ng Eng Hen
1023:High Court
997:Melvyn Tan
910:Disruption
662:Mozambique
512:Azerbaijan
378:press gang
356:Enlistment
349:reservists
299:Two years
296:All ranks
252:or higher
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3836:Hong Kong
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3715:Sri Lanka
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3590:Indonesia
3349:0585-3923
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3108:cite news
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2896:145250955
1997:27 August
1785:www.ns.sg
1418:commandos
1403:Air Force
1295:orderlies
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1046:In 2018,
946:Exemption
870:Deferment
847:Commandos
692:Sri Lanka
682:Singapore
627:Lithuania
556:reduction
507:Australia
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323:Personnel
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3730:Thailand
3685:Pakistan
3665:Mongolia
3660:Maldives
3655:Malaysia
3555:Cambodia
3461:Archived
3030:Archived
2982:Archived
2957:21 April
2847:Archived
2797:Archived
2773:10 April
2625:Archived
2593:Archived
2559:1 August
2553:Archived
2418:Archived
2332:Archived
2311:Archived
2287:Archived
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1951:Archived
1925:Archived
1899:Archived
1855:Archived
1735:"3G SAF"
1719:25 March
1713:Archived
1652:Archived
1589:See also
1476:Tony Tan
1372:Malaysia
1366:de facto
1318:Sergeant
1303:provosts
1109:Illinois
1105:Amos Yee
1089:refuted.
250:Corporal
167:regulars
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3670:Myanmar
3650:Lebanon
3580:Georgia
3535:Bahrain
3525:Armenia
3283:Rarefyi
3225:30 June
3200:30 June
3144:30 June
3098:30 June
3064:30 June
3036:22 July
2721:30 June
2696:30 June
2424:22 July
2338:22 June
2293:22 June
2267:30 June
2242:30 June
2205:30 June
2177:30 June
2152:30 June
2127:30 June
2052:18 July
2022:21 July
1957:22 June
1931:22 June
1905:22 June
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1688:16 July
1426:officer
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1329:Diploma
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1176:in the
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732:Ukraine
632:Myanmar
592:Germany
587:Georgia
577:Finland
572:Eritrea
562:Denmark
517:Bermuda
266:Diploma
199:Period
171:Chinese
151:Israeli
130:History
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3735:Turkey
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3605:Israel
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3760:Yemen
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3675:Nepal
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3585:India
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3220:AWARE
3164:(PDF)
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3382:2024
3356:2024
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3227:2024
3202:2024
3191:ISSN
3146:2024
3120:help
3100:2024
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2990:2011
2959:2011
2928:2008
2805:2018
2775:2011
2749:2019
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2698:2024
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2633:2018
2601:2018
2561:2018
2530:2020
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2129:2024
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1999:2021
1959:2013
1933:2013
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1863:2010
1837:2023
1812:2023
1764:2022
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