298:
1295:, the U.S. government, which had never recognized the legitimacy of the MPLA, finally recognized the Angolan government and stopped supporting UNITA, further alienating Savimbi. After failed talks in 1993 to end the conflict, another agreement, the Lusaka Protocol, was implemented in 1994 to form a government of national unity. In 1995, U.N. peacekeepers arrived. But UNITA broke away from the Lusaka agreement in 1998, citing violations of it by the MPLA. In late 1998, a militant group calling itself
1169:, all of which, with U.S. support, were successfully opposing Soviet-sponsored governments, as evidence that the U.S. was beginning to gain an upper hand in the Cold War conflict and that the Reagan Doctrine was working. Critics, on the other hand, responded that the support given to UNITA, the contras, and the Afghan mujahideen was inflaming regional conflicts at great expense to these nations. Furthermore, UNITA, like the Angolan government it fought, was criticized for human rights abuses.
3785:
343:
3580:
1264:. Following Chitunda's death, UNITA defensively moved their base from Jamba to Huambo. Savimbi's 1992 decision to return to combat ultimately proved a costly one, with many of Savimbi's U.S. conservative allies urging Savimbi to contest dos Santos electorally in the run-off election. Savimbi's decision to forego the run-off also greatly strained UNITA's relations with U.S. President
275:
1233:
1900:
1856:
1817:
1778:
1742:
1158:, UNITA came to control "vast swaths of the interior (of Angola)". Savimbi's very survival in Angola in and of itself was viewed as an incredible accomplishment, and he came to be known as "Africa's most enduring bush fighter" given assassination attempts, aided by extensive Soviet, Cuban, and East German military troops, advisors and support, that he survived.
1252:, United Nations-brokered elections were held, with both Savimbi and dos Santos running for president in 1992. Failing to win an overall majority in the first round of balloting, and then questioning the election's legitimacy, Savimbi and UNITA returned to armed conflict. Fighting resumed in October 1992 in Huambo, quickly spreading to Angola's capital,
1908:
1864:
1825:
1786:
1669:
1638:
1612:
1581:
858:. UNITA was hard-pressed but recovered with South African aid and then was strengthened considerably by U.S. support during the 1980s. The MPLA's military presence was strongest in Angolan cities, the coastal region and the strategic oil fields. But UNITA controlled much of the highland's interior, notably the
63:
1318:
Six weeks following
Savimbi's death, in April 2002, UNITA agreed to a ceasefire with the government. Under an amnesty agreement, UNITA soldiers and their families, comprising roughly 350,000 people, were gathered in 33 demobilisation camps under the "Program For Social and Productive Reintegration of
1177:
UNITA gained some international notoriety in 1983 after abducting 66 Czechoslovak civilians and detaining a third of them for about 15 months. Belgium eventually negotiated the release of the civilians. Fighting in Angola continued until 1989, when, with UNITA advancing militarily, Cuba withdrew its
2616:
See page 60. The full title of the article is "Believe it or not, there are
Americans out there who have nice things to say about Saddam Hussein, Nicolae Ceaucescu, and the murderous governments of Zaire, Myanmar, and El Salvador – and they have better access to your congressman than you do.
1314:
The
Angolan civil war ended only after the death of Savimbi, who was killed in an ambush on 22 February 2002. His death was shocking to many Angolans, many of whom had grown up during the Angolan civil war and witnessed Savimbi's ability to successfully evade efforts by Soviet, Cuban and Angolan
1202:
As the war began to include both military and diplomatic components, Johns and leading U.S. conservatives urged
Savimbi to make a ceasefire contingent on the MPLA's agreement to "free and fair elections." When the UNITA demand was originally rebuffed by the MPLA, Savimbi vastly intensified his
849:
became the first president of post-colonial Angola. Backed by Soviet and Cuban money, weapons and troops, the MPLA defeated the FNLA militarily and forced them largely into exile. UNITA also was nearly destroyed in
November 1975, but it managed to survive and set up a second government, the
1146:. While the meeting itself was confidential, Reagan emerged from it with support and enthusiasm for Savimbi's efforts, stating that he could envision a UNITA "victory that electrifies the world," suggesting that Reagan saw the outcome of the Angolan conflict as critical to his entire
1215:
that he had not felt adequately consulted on the negotiations or agreement and was in opposition to it. "There are a lot of loopholes in that agreement. The agreement is not good at all," Johns reported
Savimbi telling both of them during a March 1989 visit with Savimbi in Angola."
1223:
and the MPLA's
Central Committee rejected its Marxist past and agreed to Savimbi's demand for free and fair elections, though UNITA and its supporters viewed the promises skeptically, especially because the MPLA's relations with the Soviet Union remained strong.
4153:
1319:
Demobilized and War
Displaced People". In August 2002, UNITA officially gave up its armed wing, and UNITA placed all of its efforts on the development of its political party. Despite the ceasefire, deep political conflict between UNITA and the MPLA remains.
1123:, the Heritage Foundation's leading expert on Africa and Third World Affairs issues, visited Savimbi in his clandestine southern Angolan base camps, offering the UNITA leader both tactical military and political advice. Through the lobbying efforts of
1182:
might be drawing to an end, Savimbi's U.S. support, which had been strong, began to be questioned, with some in
Congress urging the end of U.S. support for UNITA. Matters were further complicated by repeated reports that Soviet General Secretary
1098:
1153:
Under
Savimbi's leadership, UNITA proved especially effective militarily before and after independence, becoming one of the world's most effective armed resistance movements of the late 20th century. According to the
3178:
2179:
1449:
The U.S. government "explicitly encouraged" the governments of Israel, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Zaire to aid UNITA. In 1983 the U.S. and South African governments agreed to ship weapons from the
844:
After the Portuguese withdrawal from Angola in 1974–75 and the end of their colonial rule, the MPLA and UNITA splintered, and civil war began as the movements clashed militarily and ideologically. MPLA leader
1091:
3643:
3749:
2955:
1306:
In 1999, a MPLA military offensive damaged UNITA considerably, essentially destroying UNITA as a conventional military force and forcing UNITA to return to more traditional guerrilla tactics.
1084:
1198:
A UNITA sticker, issued for its 20th anniversary celebrations in 1986. The sticker carries the UNITA symbol and the slogan 'Socialism – Negritude – Democracy – Non-Alignment'
3832:
2617:
They're lobbyists, and they earn hundreds of thousands of dollars flacking for fascists and schmoozing on behalf of tyrants blithely waltzing through life as PUBLICISTS OF THE DAMNED."
2873:
2414:"Top Trump Aide Led the 'Torturers' Lobby' BLOOD MONEY: Paul Manafort and the partners at his firm made a fortune repping some of the most despicable dictators of the 20th century"
3156:
435:
2006:
3759:
3565:
3534:
1973:
The United States supported the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) from 1961 to 1969 and from August 1974 to January 1976. The FNLA/UNITA coalition opposed the MPLA.
2189:
3679:
1178:
support, removing several thousand troops that it had dispatched to Angola to fight Savimbi's UNITA. With many commentators and foreign policy specialists seeing that the
1065:
3867:
3734:
2563:
3049:
1496:
and spoke of Savimbi winning a victory that "electrifies the world" while others hinted at a much darker regime, dismissing Savimbi as a power-hungry propagandist.
1284:
1272:
4107:
2806:
2523:
3699:
3825:
635:
3889:
873:
4057:
2483:
2447:
1412:
851:
4091:
3754:
2847:
1446:
forbid U.S. involvement in the civil war, Secretary Haig told Savimbi in December 1981 that the U.S. would continue to provide assistance to UNITA.
133:
1203:
military pressure, while alleging that the MPLA was resisting free and fair elections because they feared a UNITA electoral victory. Meanwhile, an
3818:
3709:
3558:
556:
3982:
963:
4222:
Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.
3543:
791:
regime). 200 other delegates were present in the event. UNITA launched its first attack on Portuguese colonial authorities on 25 December 1966.
1288:
933:
589:
3445:
3414:
2697:
2564:"McCain Adviser's Work As Lobbyist Criticized: Charles Black, John McCain's top political strategist, is now retired from a 30-year (page 2)"
2524:"McCain Adviser's Work As Lobbyist Criticized: Charles Black, John McCain's top political strategist, is now retired from a 30-year (page 1)"
2226:
1422:, on 6 March met with UNITA leaders in Washington, D.C. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Walker met with Savimbi in March in
1055:
756:. Following Savimbi's death, UNITA abandoned armed struggle and participated in electoral politics. The party won 51 out of 220 seats in the
571:
567:
822:. They then aimed for rural rights and recognized ethnic divisions. During the 1980s, however, UNITA was aligned with the United States and
4259:
4136:
4014:
3794:
3729:
3145:
4254:
4159:
3621:
3574:
988:
894:
799:
676:
508:
439:
313:
3714:
3551:
3353:
3286:
3257:
3223:
3033:
2280:
2253:
2053:
2010:
521:
3694:
4101:
3719:
3704:
3674:
3369:
2903:
1875:
1836:
1797:
1753:
1155:
1027:
1161:
As Savimbi gained ground despite the forces aligned against him, American conservatives pointed to his success, and that of Afghan
1002:
909:
3531:
219:
3940:
3769:
3724:
3689:
1362:
1150:
foreign policy, consisting of support for anti-communist resistance movements in Central America, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere.
1128:
1032:
997:
968:
628:
533:
1111:
In the 1980s and early 1990s, Savimbi sought out vastly expanded relations with the U.S. He received considerable guidance from
4269:
4249:
3739:
1462:
to South Africa and then to UNITA in Angola. The U.S. also traded weapons with South Africa for intelligence on the civil war.
1131:
which was paid $ 600,000 each year from Savimbi beginning in 1985, UNITA gained strong backing from the Reagan administration.
246:
3684:
2924:
2377:
2080:
1926:
1470:
1195:
1120:
3900:
1503:, UNITA lost its support from the United States and was only supported by South Africa. Support ceased after the end of the
992:
904:
2969:
4264:
3976:
3615:
2928:
2811:
2573:
1714:
1648:
1622:
1591:
1560:
1500:
1292:
827:
757:
496:
491:
486:
3063:
2720:
2321:
4244:
3744:
3302:
608:
387:
141:
2816:
2533:
4032:
2086:
1404:
1261:
978:
973:
919:
680:
621:
546:
254:
2212:
3464:
Didier Péclard, "Les incertitudes de la nation en Angola: Aux racines sociales de l'Unita", Paris: Karthala, (2015).
2839:
1115:, an influential conservative research institute in Washington, D.C. that maintained strong relations with both the
818:, they quickly abandoned the Maoist struggle, when they started collaborating with Portuguese Officials against the
459:
3764:
3589:
1260:, UNITA's long-time vice-president and other UNITA officials were killed while fleeing the city culminating in the
1220:
1212:
776:
430:
17:
4038:
4130:
1880:
1653:
1514:
1346:
761:
668:
75:
2109:
4124:
3664:
3609:
3211:
3025:
2991:
1485:
1394:
400:
236:
3659:
2933:
1466:
1207:
was reached that provided for the removal of foreign troops from Angola in exchange for the independence of
1112:
914:
889:
703:
579:
2493:
2457:
1279:
detailed how UNITA continued to finance its war effort through the sales of diamonds (later to be known as
3934:
3905:
3239:
1350:
1037:
924:
823:
788:
363:
356:
226:
3306:
3089:
3894:
1400:
1135:
1116:
1060:
803:
594:
3510:
2995:
2413:
405:
4189:
3922:
3877:
3059:
2779:
2398:
2117:
1948:
948:
722:
376:
3467:
Hoekstra, Quint. "The effect of foreign state support to UNITA during the Angolan War (1975–1991)."
1299:
broke away from mainstream UNITA, when several UNITA commanders dissatisfied with the leadership of
3928:
3527:
3406:
3151:
2999:
2725:
2692:
2686:
2568:
2528:
734:
653:
528:
472:
383:
318:
196:
4026:
3810:
1022:
830:, UNITA lost its support from the United States and was only supported by apartheid South Africa.
393:
4020:
3799:
3054:
2960:
2878:
2874:"U.S. and Soviets Bridge Gap on Conventional Weapons and Plan for Summit Soon; Bush Hails Accord"
2757:
2184:
2045:
1327:
1271:
As Savimbi resumed fighting, the U.N. responded by implementing an embargo against UNITA through
953:
928:
899:
726:
333:
308:
184:
3345:
3335:
1758:
1596:
1335:
1187:
had raised U.S. support for UNITA in several formal and informal summit meetings with President
753:
3997:
3215:
3205:
3474:
Pearce, Justin. "From Rebellion to Opposition: UNITA's Social Engagement in Post-War Angola."
3441:
3410:
3349:
3282:
3253:
3219:
3029:
2629:
2276:
2270:
2249:
2243:
2222:
2049:
1519:
1439:
1427:
1361:
UNITA received support from several governments in Africa and around the world, including the
1265:
1257:
1188:
1184:
1007:
839:
784:
780:
684:
671:. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought alongside the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (
412:
3243:
2596:
2039:
3883:
3871:
3846:
3522:
3278:
2753:
2633:
2559:
2555:
2519:
2515:
1474:
1415:
1408:
1323:
1303:
ended their allegiance to his organization. Thousands more deserted UNITA in 1999 and 2000.
1204:
862:, and other strategic regions of the country. Up to 300,000 Angolans died in the civil war.
584:
3842:
3789:
3538:
3514:
2907:
2488:
2452:
1938:
1493:
1443:
1430:, his assistant for International Security Matters Francis West, Deputy Defense Secretary
1342:
1331:
1245:
1147:
1070:
958:
943:
745:
in the government of UNITA, pro-Western rebels, during the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002).
3377:
2900:
120:
2381:
4239:
4203:
3669:
2601:
1943:
1932:
1510:
1431:
1419:
1280:
859:
846:
807:
795:
742:
159:
3784:
297:
4233:
3085:
2175:
1719:
1565:
1489:
1481:
1326:, who died shortly after Savimbi. Following Dembo, in elections contested by General
1300:
1276:
1237:
1139:
1124:
772:
746:
718:
85:
1465:
Savimbi benefited from the support of influential American conservatives, including
38:
4154:
National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
3987:
3094:
2660:
2638:
2386:
2346:
1374:
1211:
from South Africa. In Angola, however, Savimbi told Johns and conservative leader
938:
730:
707:
695:
154:
70:
3638:
3431:
3400:
4095:
4086:
3437:
3341:
3249:
3116:
2869:
2784:
2479:
2443:
2418:
2218:
1459:
1435:
1143:
983:
2150:
342:
2730:
1162:
738:
110:
2024:
1473:
and other U.S. conservative leaders, who helped elevate Savimbi's stature in
3483:
The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy Towards Angola Since 1945
2910:, Heritage Foundation Executive Memorandum 276, 31 July 1990, as entered in
1505:
1480:
Johns and other American conservatives met regularly with Savimbi in remote
811:
691:
169:
3337:
The Destruction of a Nation: United States Policy Towards Angola Since 1945
1232:
274:
3121:
2351:
2296:
1451:
1179:
688:
206:
192:
149:
2901:
With Freedom Near In Angola, This is No Time to Curtail Unita Assistance
1996:
JUSTINO, Jofre. A actual UNITA traiu o espírito de Muangai. Maputo, 2006
1956:, a similar group in Mozambique also supported by Apartheid South Africa
1338:, Samakuva won the UNITA election and emerged as UNITA's new president.
760:. Samakuva resigned as party leader in November 2019, being replaced by
4211:
4178:
2965:
2180:"DIAMOND WARS: A special report.; Africa's Gems: Warfare's Best Friend"
1455:
1370:
1208:
1166:
1017:
62:
1442:
met with Savimbi between November 1981 and January 1982. Although the
1194:
4069:
3991:
3579:
1953:
1382:
1253:
1249:
1191:, placing further pressure on the U.S. to end its support for UNITA.
855:
815:
174:
103:
31:
3402:
The Diplomacy of Liberation: Foreign Relations of the ANC Since 1960
3528:
List of attacks attributed to Unita on the START terrorism database
1423:
1378:
1366:
1231:
1193:
702:
from 1966 until October 1975 and later from the United States and
699:
661:
3970:
3597:
3507:
2996:"Final Report of the UN Panel of Experts ("The "Fowler Report")"
2721:"Angolan peace talks stall over alleged attempt to kill Savimbi"
2597:"Inside Washington's Propaganda Shops: Publicists of the Damned"
819:
711:
672:
3814:
3547:
1517:
had given the MPLA military support through the ANC armed wing
810:. UNITA's leadership was drawn heavily from Angola's majority
749:, leader of UNITA, allegedly ordered Chidondo's assassination.
4041:(FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001)
3497:
2154:
2082:
U.S.-Chinese Cooperation and Conflict in the Angolan Civil War
3750:
Party of the Alliance of Youth, Workers and Farmers of Angola
2372:
2370:
1287:
and action to end to the trade in blood diamonds through the
288:
1488:" in 1985. Savimbi later drew the praise of U.S. President
1477:
and promoted the transfer of American weapons to his war.
3644:
Democratic Party for Progress – Angolan National Alliance
2840:"Congress to Act Soon on Angola: Urgent Lobbying Needed"
1403:
high ranking security officials met with UNITA leaders.
2322:"Political background – Angola – area, power"
1219:
A ceasefire ultimately was negotiated and MPLA leader
683:(1961–1975) and then against the MPLA in the ensuing
3179:"Arlete Chimbinda indicada Vice-Presidente da UNITA"
4202:
4169:
4146:
4117:
4079:
4048:
4007:
3963:
3954:
3915:
3860:
3853:
3760:
Party of the United Struggle for Africans in Angola
3652:
3631:
3588:
1283:) and resulted in further sanctions in the form of
687:(1975–2002). The war was one of the most prominent
658:
União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola
650:
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
281:
267:
252:
242:
232:
215:
183:
140:
129:
119:
109:
99:
91:
81:
69:
54:
União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola
51:
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
48:
18:
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
3680:Angolan Union for Peace, Democracy and Development
3307:"1975, Angola: Mercenaries, Murder and Corruption"
3207:Ambiguous Order: Military Forces In African States
3183:CLUB-K ANGOLA – Notícias Imparciais de Angola
3144:
2685:
1438:, and Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
3430:Shubin, Vladimir Gennadyevich (20 October 2008).
2110:"China in Angola: An Emerging Energy Partnership"
3735:Movement for the National Independence of Angola
3245:The Israeli Connection: Whom Israel Arms and Why
3146:"Angola opposition will contest election result"
934:1959–2000 assassination attempts on Fidel Castro
4184:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
4064:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
3433:The Hot 'Cold War': The USSR in Southern Africa
1285:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1295
1273:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1173
741:mine at that time. Valdemar Chidondo served as
4108:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
974:1965–66 Indonesia, Transition to the New Order
814:ethnic group and its policies were originally
752:Savimbi's successor as president of UNITA was
3826:
3700:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Angola
3559:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
1092:
779:founded UNITA on 13 March 1966 in Muangai in
629:
8:
4094:(RDR, alleged successor organization to the
2956:"Former Rebels in Angola Shun Unity Meeting"
2929:"Angola: Testing Gorbachev's 'New Thinking'"
2754:"Angola: Human Rights Watch Report, 9/26/99"
2341:
2339:
2151:"Obituary: Jonas Savimbi, Unita's local boy"
2127:– via China Brief Volume: 6 Issue: 22.
2074:
2072:
2041:Angola: A Modern Military History, 1961–2002
220:Supreme Council for the Liberation of Angola
2807:"Cuban troops begin withdrawal from Angola"
2752:Ali B. Ali-Dinar, ed. (26 September 1999).
3960:
3857:
3833:
3819:
3811:
3566:
3552:
3544:
2297:"UNITA | Facts & History | Britannica"
1345:resigned as president and was replaced by
1099:
1085:
869:
636:
622:
328:
296:
273:
61:
45:
4092:Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda
3523:French interview of Jonas Savimbi in 1978
1992:
1990:
706:while the MPLA received support from the
3755:Party of the Angolan Communist Community
2848:Association of Concerned Africa Scholars
2347:"Angola country profile – Overview"
1684:
1535:
1008:1979–1992 Afghanistan, Operation Cyclone
4058:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement
4023:(RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999)
3710:Independent National Alliance of Angola
3090:"Rebels lose former HQ to Angolan army"
2412:Swan, Betsy; Mak, Tim (13 April 2016).
2038:Weigert, Stephen L. (25 October 2011).
1986:
1966:
872:
794:Savimbi was originally affiliated with
331:
3275:The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa
1513:as President in 1994; Mandela and the
1289:Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
852:Democratic People's Republic of Angola
4021:RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération
4000:(faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002)
2994:; Mollander, Anders (10 March 2000).
2778:Falvey, Christian (8 February 2011).
2634:"Terrible legacy of the Reagan years"
2382:"Savimbi's Elusive Victory in Angola"
1322:Savimbi was immediately succeeded by
806:in Angola's southeastern province of
7:
4137:Nationalist and Integrationist Front
4015:Movement for the Liberation of Congo
3730:Movement for the Democracy of Angola
3370:"Congress.gov | Library of Congress"
3329:
3327:
3159:from the original on 12 January 2022
2700:from the original on 12 January 2022
2484:"The Slickest Shop in Town (page 2)"
2448:"The Slickest Shop in Town (page 1)"
2214:Death of Dignity: Angola's Civil War
1509:in South Africa and the election of
719:funded through Angolan diamond mines
115:Revolutionary United Youth of Angola
3622:National Liberation Front of Angola
2149:Simpson, Chris (25 February 2002).
800:National Liberation Front of Angola
677:National Liberation Front of Angola
3715:Independent Social Party of Angola
3399:Thomas, Scott (31 December 1995).
3311:Coalition to Oppose the Arms Trade
3062:. 29 December 1999. Archived from
2968:. 22 November 1992. Archived from
1373:, the People's Republic of China,
25:
4102:Army for the Liberation of Rwanda
3675:Angolan National Democratic Party
2815:. 10 January 1989. Archived from
2719:Taylor, Paul (19 December 1993).
964:1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état
4104:(ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997)
3783:
3690:Communist Organization of Angola
3578:
1906:
1899:
1898:
1862:
1855:
1854:
1823:
1816:
1815:
1784:
1777:
1776:
1741:
1740:
1667:
1636:
1610:
1579:
1426:, Morocco. Secretary of Defense
1129:Black, Manafort, Stone and Kelly
1071:2012–2017 Syria, Timber Sycamore
341:
3973:(Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance)
3740:Movement of Young Intellectuals
3117:"Angolan rebel leader 'killed'"
3022:Angola: Anatomy of an Oil State
949:1961 Cuba, Bay of Pigs Invasion
854:, in the provincial capital of
553:Ministry of External Relations
247:Centrist Democrat International
37:For the Italian newspaper, see
4190:White Legion (First Congo War)
3685:Communist Committee of Cabinda
2838:Root, Christine (5 May 1989).
1927:African independence movements
1907:
1863:
1824:
1785:
1038:1990s Iraq, failed coup d'état
1:
3977:Rally for Congolese Democracy
3695:Democratic Angola – Coalition
3469:Small Wars & Insurgencies
2595:Levine, Art (February 1992).
1501:1992 Angolan general election
1434:, Deputy Director of the CIA
1363:People's Republic of Bulgaria
1291:. In late 1992 following the
954:1961 Cuba, Operation Mongoose
828:1992 Angolan general election
802:(FNLA). UNITA later moved to
4039:Front de Libération du Congo
4029:(RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML)
3745:National Union for Democracy
3273:AlʻAmin Mazrui, Ali (1977).
1142:to meet with Savimbi at the
1018:1981–1990 Nicaragua, Contras
920:1957–58 Indonesian rebellion
874:United States involvement in
681:Angolan War for Independence
4260:Political parties in Angola
4033:Union of Congolese Patriots
3575:Political parties in Angola
2431:Updated on 6 November 2017.
2211:Brittain, Victoria (1998).
2087:City University of New York
2007:"Consulado Geral de Angola"
1681:National Assembly elections
1405:Central Intelligence Agency
1353:as the new vice-president.
1003:1979 Salvadoran coup d'état
939:1959 Cambodia, Bangkok Plot
910:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
758:2017 parliamentary election
710:and its allies, especially
4286:
4255:Military history of Angola
3765:Republican Party of Angola
2275:. FLF Press. p. 156.
2248:. FLF Press. p. 102.
1392:
998:1976 Argentine coup d'état
969:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
837:
834:Independence and civil war
777:Antonio da Costa Fernandes
737:, which was Angola's only
700:People's Republic of China
36:
29:
4220:
4160:National Liberation Front
3795:List of political parties
3778:
3476:Government and Opposition
3204:Howe, Herbert M. (2004).
2912:U.S. Congressional Record
2399:U.S. Congressional Record
2108:Hare, Paul (9 May 2007).
1757:
1595:
1515:African National Congress
1418:, and Secretary of State
1413:National Security Advisor
984:1971 Bolivian coup d'état
979:1966 Ghanaian coup d'état
669:political party in Angola
559:: Manuel Domingos Augusto
304:
286:
272:
243:International affiliation
60:
4125:Allied Democratic Forces
3720:Liberal Democratic Party
3705:Democratic Renewal Party
3665:Angolan Democratic Forum
3471:29.5–6 (2018): 981–1005.
3250:I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd
3185:(in European Portuguese)
3026:Indiana University Press
2665:U.S. Department of State
1486:Democratic International
1395:CIA activities in Angola
905:1953 Iranian coup d'état
667:) is the second-largest
522:Administrative divisions
237:Democrat Union of Africa
53:
30:Not to be confused with
4110:(FDLR, created in 2000)
3770:Social Democratic Party
3725:Liberal Socialist Party
3660:Angolan Communist Party
3537:11 January 2013 at the
3440:. pp. 92–93, 249.
3334:Wright, George (1997).
3240:Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin
2934:The Heritage Foundation
2301:Encyclopædia Britannica
1467:The Heritage Foundation
1275:. The UN-commissioned
1221:José Eduardo dos Santos
1119:and the U.S. Congress.
1113:The Heritage Foundation
1013:1975–1992 Angola, UNITA
959:1961 Dominican Republic
895:1949 Syrian coup d'état
733:valley, especially the
694:, with UNITA receiving
185:Political position
27:Angolan political party
4270:Separatism in Portugal
4250:Anti-communist parties
4131:Lord's Resistance Army
4066:(UNITA, in Second War)
4017:(MLC, created in 1998)
3874:/ FARDC, after Mobutu)
3508:Unita campaign website
2906:10 August 2014 at the
2780:"The Angola abduction"
2324:. Nations Encyclopedia
1881:Adalberto Costa Júnior
1654:Adalberto Costa Júnior
1532:Presidential elections
1492:, who hailed him as a
1484:, culminating in the "
1351:Arlete Leona Chimbinda
1347:Adalberto Costa Júnior
1241:
1199:
944:1960 Congo coup d'état
824:apartheid South Africa
762:Adalberto Costa Júnior
717:Until 1996, UNITA was
704:apartheid South Africa
657:
568:Diplomatic missions of
440:F. d. P. D. dos Santos
227:United Patriotic Front
125:Angolan Women's League
76:Adalberto Costa Júnior
4186:(UNITA, in First War)
3478:55.3 (2020): 474–489.
3020:Hodges, Tony (2004).
2687:"Angola: Key Figures"
2269:Kukkuk, Leon (2005).
2242:Kukkuk, Leon (2005).
2079:Hess, Morgan (2014).
1401:Reagan administration
1235:
1197:
1156:U.S. State Department
1117:Reagan administration
4265:Separatism in Angola
3880:(FAA, in Second War)
3841:Armed groups in the
3616:Social Renewal Party
3409:. pp. 202–207.
3155:. 7 September 2008.
3088:(27 December 1999).
3060:Agence France-Presse
2560:Birnbaum, Jeffrey H.
2520:Birnbaum, Jeffrey H.
2272:Letters to Gabriella
2245:Letters to Gabriella
2118:Jamestown Foundation
1949:Kafundanga Chingunji
1315:troops to kill him.
1256:. It was here that
1138:convinced President
915:1956–57 Syria crisis
460:Constitutional Court
233:Regional affiliation
216:National affiliation
4245:Angolan nationalism
4170:Government-aligned,
3925:(FAA, in First War)
3790:Politics portal
3513:12 May 2009 at the
3407:Bloomsbury Academic
3152:The Daily Telegraph
3024:(second ed.).
3000:Global Policy Forum
2927:(5 February 1990).
2726:The Washington Post
2693:The Daily Telegraph
2569:The Washington Post
2529:The Washington Post
2496:on 26 February 2018
2380:(26 October 1989).
2089:(CUNY) City College
2013:on 3 November 2013.
1244:Following the 1991
1165:and the Nicaraguan
698:initially from the
3800:Politics of Angola
3125:. 23 February 2002
3066:on 20 January 2015
3055:The New York Times
3028:. pp. 15–16.
2972:on 28 January 2020
2961:The New York Times
2879:The New York Times
2758:Human Rights Watch
2630:Aaronovitch, David
2192:on 28 January 2020
2185:The New York Times
2048:. pp. 33–34.
2046:Palgrave Macmillan
1369:, France, Israel,
1341:In November 2019,
1328:Paulo Lukamba Gato
1262:Halloween Massacre
1242:
1200:
1136:U.S. conservatives
866:Guerrilla movement
406:Esperança da Costa
334:Politics of Angola
309:Politics of Angola
4227:
4226:
4198:
4197:
3950:
3949:
3847:Second Congo Wars
3808:
3807:
3590:National Assembly
3447:978-0-7453-2472-2
3416:978-1-85043-993-6
3380:on 10 August 2014
2696:. 8 August 2002.
2556:Shear, Michael D.
2516:Shear, Michael D.
2228:978-0-7453-1247-7
1918:
1917:
1678:
1677:
1527:Electoral history
1520:uMkhonto we Sizwe
1428:Caspar Weinberger
1293:general elections
1266:George H. W. Bush
1258:Jeremias Chitunda
1189:George H. W. Bush
1185:Mikhail Gorbachev
1109:
1108:
900:1949–1953 Albania
840:Angolan Civil War
785:Portuguese Angola
646:
645:
590:Visa requirements
547:Foreign relations
509:Political parties
479:Recent elections
431:National Assembly
327:
326:
314:Political parties
255:National Assembly
16:(Redirected from
4277:
4049:Anti-government,
3961:
3872:Mobuto Sese Seko
3858:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3812:
3788:
3787:
3583:
3582:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3545:
3532:Profile on START
3519:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:Official website
3481:Wright, George.
3452:
3451:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3376:. Archived from
3366:
3360:
3359:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3148:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3050:"World briefing"
3046:
3040:
3039:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2921:
2915:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2733:on 29 March 2015
2729:. Archived from
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2689:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2606:. pp. 52–60
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2576:on 16 April 2016
2572:. Archived from
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2532:. Archived from
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2492:. Archived from
2482:(3 March 1986).
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2460:on 18 April 2016
2456:. Archived from
2446:(3 March 1986).
2440:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2188:. Archived from
2178:(6 April 2000).
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2146:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2009:. Archived from
2003:
1997:
1994:
1974:
1971:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1685:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1542:Party candidate
1536:
1409:William J. Casey
1101:
1094:
1087:
1056:2001 Afghanistan
1033:1989–1990 Panama
890:1948–1960s Italy
870:
638:
631:
624:
345:
329:
300:
295:
292:
290:
277:
262:
224:
65:
46:
21:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4216:
4194:
4171:
4165:
4142:
4113:
4075:
4050:
4044:
4003:
3956:
3946:
3916:Anti-government
3911:
3854:National armies
3849:
3839:
3809:
3804:
3782:
3774:
3648:
3627:
3584:
3577:
3572:
3539:Wayback Machine
3518:(in Portuguese)
3517:
3515:Wayback Machine
3503:(in Portuguese)
3502:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3461:
3459:Further reading
3456:
3455:
3448:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3303:Stockwell, John
3301:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3281:. p. 228.
3272:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:Wayback Machine
2899:Michael Johns,
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2872:(2 June 1991).
2868:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2819:on 8 March 2010
2805:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2632:(7 June 2004).
2628:
2627:
2623:
2609:
2607:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2562:(22 May 2008).
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2536:on 9 March 2016
2522:(22 May 2008).
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2424:
2422:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2392:
2390:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2355:. 11 April 2011
2345:
2344:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1939:David Chingunji
1923:
1895:
1892:
1851:
1848:
1812:
1809:
1773:
1770:
1759:Isaías Samakuva
1734:
1731:
1683:
1672:
1668:
1641:
1637:
1615:
1611:
1597:Isaías Samakuva
1584:
1580:
1534:
1529:
1494:freedom fighter
1444:Clark Amendment
1397:
1391:
1359:
1357:Foreign support
1343:Isaias Samakuva
1336:Isaías Samakuva
1332:Dinho Chingunji
1312:
1246:Bicesse Accords
1230:
1213:Howard Phillips
1175:
1148:Reagan Doctrine
1105:
1076:
1075:
1051:
1043:
1042:
885:
875:
868:
842:
836:
770:
754:Isaías Samakuva
642:
613:
609:Other countries
600:
599:
580:Nationality law
576:
564:
549:
539:
538:
524:
514:
513:
503:
475:
465:
464:
455:
447:
446:
426:
418:
417:
379:
369:
368:
359:
336:
323:
287:
263:
260:
225:
222:
211:
179:
56:
55:
52:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4283:
4281:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4232:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4204:United Nations
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4054:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4011:
4009:
4008:Uganda-aligned
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3994:in South Kivu)
3985:
3980:
3974:
3967:
3965:
3964:Rwanda-aligned
3958:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3864:
3862:
3861:Pro-government
3855:
3851:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:Angolan League
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3610:Humanist Party
3607:
3601:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3525:
3520:
3505:
3491:
3490:External links
3488:
3487:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3422:
3415:
3391:
3374:thomas.loc.gov
3361:
3355:978-0745310305
3354:
3323:
3294:
3288:978-9004056466
3287:
3279:Brill Academic
3265:
3259:978-1850430698
3258:
3252:. p. 65.
3231:
3225:978-1555879310
3224:
3196:
3170:
3136:
3108:
3086:McGreal, Chris
3077:
3041:
3035:978-0253344465
3034:
3012:
2992:Fowler, Robert
2983:
2947:
2925:Johns, Michael
2916:
2892:
2861:
2830:
2798:
2770:
2744:
2711:
2677:
2652:
2621:
2587:
2547:
2507:
2471:
2435:
2404:
2378:Johns, Michael
2366:
2335:
2313:
2288:
2282:978-1891855672
2281:
2261:
2255:978-1891855672
2254:
2234:
2227:
2203:
2176:Harden, Blaine
2167:
2130:
2100:
2068:
2055:978-0230337831
2054:
2030:
2016:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1944:Jorge Sangumba
1941:
1936:
1933:Blood Diamonds
1929:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1847:
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1842:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1794:
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1782:
1774:
1769:
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1756:
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1563:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1511:Nelson Mandela
1440:James Williams
1432:Frank Carlucci
1420:Alexander Haig
1390:
1387:
1358:
1355:
1311:
1308:
1297:UNITA Renovada
1281:blood diamonds
1229:
1226:
1174:
1171:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
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986:
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946:
941:
936:
931:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
867:
864:
847:Agostinho Neto
838:Main article:
835:
832:
808:Cuando Cubango
796:Holden Roberto
769:
766:
743:chief of staff
679:(FNLA) in the
644:
643:
641:
640:
633:
626:
618:
615:
614:
612:
611:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
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587:
582:
575:
574:
563:
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561:
560:
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545:
544:
541:
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537:
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534:Municipalities
531:
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512:
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494:
489:
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427:
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419:
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410:
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401:Vice President
398:
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380:
375:
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371:
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367:
366:
360:
355:
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316:
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305:
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284:
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279:
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270:
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259:
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189:
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160:Anti-communism
157:
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146:
144:
138:
137:
131:
127:
126:
123:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
101:
97:
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88:
83:
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78:
73:
67:
66:
58:
57:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4282:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4168:
4162:(FLN/FROLINA)
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
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4078:
4071:
4068:
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4059:
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4047:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3984:
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3978:
3975:
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3966:
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3632:Unrepresented
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3255:
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3213:
3212:Lynne Rienner
3209:
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3200:
3197:
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3016:
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2748:
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2732:
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2722:
2715:
2712:
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2057:
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2047:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1970:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
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1934:
1930:
1928:
1925:
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1760:
1755:
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1739:
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1721:
1720:Jonas Savimbi
1718:
1716:
1713:
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1598:
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1566:Jonas Savimbi
1564:
1562:
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1554:
1552:
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1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1490:Ronald Reagan
1487:
1483:
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1472:
1471:Michael Johns
1468:
1463:
1461:
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1453:
1447:
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1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:Richard Allen
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1389:United States
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:António Dembo
1320:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:Jonas Savimbi
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:Fowler Report
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1238:Jonas Savimbi
1236:Unita leader
1234:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1196:
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1190:
1186:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:Ronald Reagan
1137:
1132:
1130:
1127:and his firm
1126:
1125:Paul Manafort
1122:
1121:Michael Johns
1118:
1114:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1088:
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1079:
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1064:
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1039:
1036:
1034:
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1021:
1019:
1016:
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1011:
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908:
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903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
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881:
880:
877:
876:regime change
871:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
848:
841:
833:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:Jonas Savimbi
767:
765:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
747:Jonas Savimbi
744:
740:
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728:
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432:
429:
428:
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421:
414:
411:
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
395:
394:João Lourenço
392:
391:
389:
385:
382:
381:
378:
373:
372:
365:
362:
361:
358:
353:
352:
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315:
312:
310:
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306:
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294:
285:
280:
276:
271:
266:
258:
256:
253:Seats in the
251:
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245:
241:
238:
235:
231:
228:
221:
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214:
208:
205:
203:
200:
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143:
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
122:
118:
114:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:13 March 1966
94:
90:
87:
86:Jonas Savimbi
84:
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
64:
59:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4183:
4147:Anti-Burundi
4063:
4027:RCD-National
3988:Banyamulenge
3957:rebel groups
3955:Militias and
3870:(FAZ, under
3603:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3432:
3425:
3401:
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3378:the original
3373:
3364:
3336:
3314:. Retrieved
3310:
3297:
3274:
3268:
3244:
3234:
3206:
3199:
3187:. Retrieved
3182:
3173:
3161:. Retrieved
3150:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3120:
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3095:The Guardian
3093:
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3064:the original
3053:
3044:
3021:
3015:
3003:. Retrieved
2986:
2974:. Retrieved
2970:the original
2959:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2932:
2919:
2911:
2895:
2883:. Retrieved
2877:
2870:Riding, Alan
2864:
2852:. Retrieved
2846:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2817:the original
2810:
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2783:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:the original
2724:
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2691:
2680:
2668:. Retrieved
2664:
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2639:The Guardian
2637:
2624:
2615:
2608:. Retrieved
2600:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2574:the original
2567:
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2534:the original
2527:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2494:the original
2487:
2480:Thomas, Evan
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:the original
2451:
2444:Thomas, Evan
2438:
2430:
2423:. Retrieved
2417:
2407:
2397:– via
2391:. Retrieved
2387:Human Events
2385:
2357:. Retrieved
2350:
2326:. Retrieved
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:
2291:
2271:
2264:
2244:
2237:
2213:
2206:
2194:. Retrieved
2190:the original
2183:
2170:
2158:. Retrieved
2121:. Retrieved
2113:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2081:
2059:. Retrieved
2040:
2033:
2019:
2011:the original
2001:
1969:
1931:
1664:
1633:
1607:
1576:
1550:
1545:
1518:
1504:
1498:
1479:
1464:
1448:
1398:
1375:Saudi Arabia
1360:
1340:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1296:
1270:
1248:, signed in
1243:
1218:
1201:
1176:
1160:
1152:
1133:
1110:
1050:21st century
1028:1983 Grenada
1012:
884:20th century
843:
826:. After the
793:
787:(during the
783:province in
771:
751:
731:Cuango River
716:
708:Soviet Union
696:military aid
664:
649:
647:
497:
364:Human rights
357:Constitution
291:.unitaangola
201:
164:
155:Conservatism
136:(until 1993)
121:Women's wing
100:Headquarters
43:
4118:Anti-Uganda
4096:Interahamwe
4087:Interahamwe
4080:Anti-Rwanda
3438:Pluto Press
3344:. pp.
3342:Pluto Press
3214:. pp.
2812:History.com
2791:15 November
2785:Radio Praha
2419:Daily Beast
2219:Pluto Press
1914:Opposition
1870:Opposition
1831:Opposition
1792:Opposition
1748:Opposition
1709:Government
1460:Switzerland
1436:Bobby Inman
1399:During the
1144:White House
860:Bié Plateau
789:Estado Novo
735:Catoca mine
723:Lunda Norte
595:Visa policy
425:Legislature
223:(1972–1975)
4234:Categories
4156:(CNDD-FDD)
4072:(in Ituri)
3316:28 January
3189:25 January
3163:20 January
3129:20 January
3101:20 January
3070:20 January
2976:20 January
2940:28 January
2885:27 January
2854:27 January
2823:27 January
2763:20 January
2737:27 January
2704:20 January
2670:20 January
2645:20 January
2604:(volume 6)
2393:20 January
2359:20 January
2328:20 January
2217:. London:
2196:27 January
2160:27 January
2123:28 January
2093:28 January
2085:(Thesis).
2061:28 January
1981:References
1885:2,756,786
1841:1,790,320
1802:1,074,565
1724:1,347,636
1658:2,756,786
1627:1,818,903
1601:1,074,565
1570:1,579,298
1499:After the
1475:Washington
1393:See also:
1163:mujahideen
1066:2011 Libya
993:1973 Chile
739:Kimberlite
729:along the
692:proxy wars
675:) and the
654:Portuguese
268:Party flag
197:right-wing
130:Armed wing
111:Youth wing
3998:RCD-Congo
3937:(RPF/RDF)
2610:28 August
2580:28 August
2540:28 August
2500:28 August
2464:28 August
2425:28 August
2114:Jamestown
1706:Position
1688:Election
1539:Election
1506:apartheid
1407:Director
1205:agreement
1134:In 1986,
1061:2003 Iraq
1023:1982 Chad
929:1963 Iraq
812:Ovimbundu
727:Lunda Sul
685:civil war
572:in Angola
529:Provinces
485:General:
473:Elections
454:Judiciary
384:President
377:Executive
319:Elections
202:Formerly:
170:Communism
165:Formerly:
4060:(SPLA/M)
3990:(ethnic
3983:RCD–Goma
3906:Zimbabwe
3535:Archived
3511:Archived
3242:(1988).
3157:Archived
3122:BBC News
3005:10 March
2904:Archived
2698:Archived
2661:"Angola"
2352:BBC News
2025:"Angola"
1921:See also
1893:90 / 220
1849:51 / 220
1810:32 / 220
1771:16 / 220
1763:670,363
1732:70 / 220
1452:Honduras
1180:Cold War
768:Founding
721:in both
689:Cold War
585:Passport
557:Minister
261:90 / 220
207:Far-left
150:Big tent
142:Ideology
4212:MONUSCO
4179:Mai-Mai
3929:Burundi
3895:Namibia
3653:Defunct
3639:CASA–CE
2966:Reuters
1888:43.95%
1844:26.70%
1805:18.66%
1766:10.39%
1727:34.10%
1691:Leader
1661:43.95%
1630:26.68%
1604:18.67%
1573:40.07%
1555:Result
1456:Belgium
1371:Morocco
1209:Namibia
1167:contras
436:Speaker
413:Cabinet
282:Website
92:Founded
82:Founder
39:L'Unità
4070:CODECO
3992:Tutsis
3943:(UPDF)
3941:Uganda
3935:Rwanda
3923:Angola
3886:(FANT)
3878:Angola
3485:(1997)
3444:
3413:
3384:6 July
3352:
3285:
3256:
3222:
3032:
2279:
2252:
2225:
2052:
1954:RENAMO
1700:Seats
1694:Votes
1383:Zambia
1381:, and
1254:Luanda
1250:Lisbon
856:Huambo
816:Maoist
781:Moxico
193:Centre
175:Maoism
104:Luanda
71:Leader
32:UNITAS
4240:UNITA
4172:other
4139:(FNI)
4133:(LRA)
4127:(ADF)
4051:other
4035:(UPC)
3979:(RCD)
3931:(FAB)
3908:(ZNA)
3901:Sudan
3897:(NDF)
3890:Libya
3868:Zaire
3843:First
3604:UNITA
3600:(124)
2843:(PDF)
2306:3 May
1961:Notes
1546:Votes
1482:Jamba
1424:Rabat
1379:Zaire
1367:Egypt
1349:with
1310:2000s
1228:1990s
1173:1980s
804:Jamba
665:UNITA
662:abbr.
3971:AFDL
3884:Chad
3845:and
3606:(90)
3598:MPLA
3442:ISBN
3411:ISBN
3386:2017
3350:ISBN
3318:2020
3283:ISBN
3254:ISBN
3220:ISBN
3191:2021
3165:2015
3131:2015
3103:2015
3072:2015
3030:ISBN
3007:2010
2978:2015
2942:2020
2887:2020
2856:2020
2825:2020
2793:2018
2765:2015
2739:2020
2706:2015
2672:2015
2647:2015
2612:2021
2582:2021
2542:2021
2502:2021
2489:Time
2466:2021
2453:Time
2427:2021
2395:2015
2361:2015
2330:2015
2308:2024
2277:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2223:ISBN
2198:2020
2162:2020
2125:2020
2095:2020
2063:2020
2050:ISBN
1911:2nd
1876:2022
1867:2nd
1837:2017
1828:2nd
1798:2012
1789:2nd
1754:2008
1745:2nd
1737:New
1715:1992
1703:+/–
1665:Lost
1649:2022
1634:Lost
1623:2017
1608:Lost
1592:2012
1577:Lost
1561:1992
1458:and
1334:and
989:1970
925:1959
820:MPLA
775:and
725:and
712:Cuba
673:MPLA
648:The
498:2022
492:2017
487:2012
388:list
293:.org
134:FALA
3624:(2)
3618:(2)
3612:(2)
3346:110
2602:Spy
2155:BBC
1903:39
1859:19
1820:16
1781:54
1469:'s
798:'s
289:www
195:to
4236::
3530:,
3436:.
3405:.
3372:.
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3340:.
3326:^
3309:.
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3277:.
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3218:.
3216:81
3210:.
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3119:.
3092:.
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2876:.
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2809:.
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2526:.
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2486:.
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2429:.
2416:.
2384:.
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2349:.
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2299:.
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2182:.
2153:.
2133:^
2116:.
2112:.
2071:^
2044:.
1989:^
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1411:,
1385:.
1377:,
1365:,
1330:,
1268:.
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714:.
660:,
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991:–
927:–
652:(
637:e
630:t
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20:)
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