649:, typically offered specific vocational, career, or technical programs. Regionally accredited institutions employed large numbers of full-time faculty, and the faculty set the academic policies. Regionally-accredited schools were required to have adequate library facilities. Except for some specific subject areas such as nursing, nationally accredited schools did not hire many full-time faculty, usually hiring faculty by the course, without benefits and with no influence on the school's academic policies, which were determined by non-academic administrators, and ultimately investors. Their library facilities, if they existed at all, were far inferior to those of regionally-accredited schools. While there were some legitimate and well-intentioned nationally accredited schools, similar to for-profit institutions with regional accreditation, some institutions existed with little educational rigor. Some critics considered national accreditation to be not as reputable as regional accreditation. Schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges, a national accreditor, were occasionally sued for leading prospective students to believe, incorrectly, that they would have no problem transferring their credits to a regionally accredited school.
630:
students by colleges and universities. These seven agencies were membership organizations of educational institutions within their geographic regions. Initially, the main focus of the organizations was to accredit secondary schools and to establish uniform college entrance requirements. Accreditation of colleges and universities followed later, with each of the accrediting agencies splitting into separate organizations with one or more of those organizations focused exclusively on accrediting colleges and universities. The higher education institutions holding regional accreditation were primarily
555:. The original GI Bill legislation had stimulated establishment of new colleges and universities to accommodate the influx of new students, but some of these new institutions were of dubious quality. The 1952 legislation designated the existing peer review process as the basis for measuring institutional quality; GI Bill eligibility was limited to students enrolled at accredited institutions included on a list of federally recognized accredited institutions published by the
485:
474:
615:. Regional bodies historically accredited institutions in a particular region of the country. National bodies were established to accredit institutions across the country, and sometimes beyond it. Within American higher education, regional bodies were considered more prestigious. (The regional bodies were older, and included the most well established institutions.)
619:
student experiences, uphold quality standards, and reduce the cost of higher education by encouraging transparent transfer of credits and mutual recognition of degrees between schools with common standards. It also claimed that the change was intended to allow students to be able to access the best school for their needs no matter what region they reside in.
2393:, reject these claims, arguing that they are "picking around the edges" of a proven and necessary system for upholding standards. Thomas C. Reeves notes that some schools unable or unwilling to meet the standards of traditional, regional accrediting bodies are closely involved in creating national accrediting agencies with significantly lower standards.
2389:(ACTA) argued that the system does not ensure or protect educational quality, while still imposing significant costs. In a 2006 "issue paper", Robert C. Dickeson wrote that a lack of transparency, low and lax standards, and outdated regionalization were among the problems with regional accreditation. Others, such as Edward M. Elmendorf of the
2414:
An article published by "University World News" on 2 February 2018 stated that the higher education accreditation community, which confers the quality-assurance seal of approval that allows United States colleges and universities access to billions of dollars of federal student aid, must do a better
629:
Historically, educational accreditation activities in the United States were overseen by seven regional accrediting agencies established in the late 19th and early 20th century to foster articulation between secondary schools and higher education institutions, particularly evaluation of prospective
853:
These accreditors typically cover a specific program of professional education or training, but in some cases they cover the whole institution. Best practices are shared and developed through affiliation with the
Association of Professional and Specialized Accreditors. Both the US Department of
618:
In
February 2020, the Department of Education eliminated the distinction between regional and national accrediting agencies, creating one unified set of institutional accreditors. The department claimed that the change was intended to encourage cooperation between accredited schools to improve
2410:
proposed changes in the accreditation system to hold "colleges accountable for cost, value, and quality". He requested
Congress change the Higher Education Act so that affordability and value are considered in determining which institutions are accredited and allow students access to federal
587:
is required by law to publish a list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies that the secretary has determined to be reliable authorities on the quality of education or training provided by the institutions of higher education and the higher education programs they accredit.
2415:
job of explaining itself to the public if it wants to reverse waning public confidence in higher education. That was one of the tamer recommendations voiced at a conference for accreditors, who are feeling the brunt of growing scepticism about the value of a US college degree.
2373:
classes and institutions. A frequent point of discussion and criticism is that the traditional system is limited to measuring "input" factors, such as adequate facilities and properly credentialed faculty, rather than the quality of a school's educational output.
2356:
has been restricted to accredited institutions, but non-qualifying institutions can still use .edu domain names obtained before the current rules came into force. A prominent example of such a domain name registered before the current rules came into force is
1425:
578:
and provide guidelines as well as resources and relevant data regarding these accreditors. Neither the U.S. Department of
Education nor CHEA accredit individual institutions. With the creation of the U.S. Department of Education and under the terms of the
3472:
2405:
recognizes that there are criticisms, but has opposed these calls for reform, with
President Judith S. Eaton arguing that the system is successful and needs to remain flexible to accommodate differences between schools and disciplines. In 2013, President
2396:
At various times the U.S. government has investigated changes to the accreditation system. In 2002 the House of
Representatives Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness criticized the system. Accreditation was a major topic of the
2329:
and graduate schools of theology, as well as broader-scope universities that teach from a religious viewpoint and may require students and/or faculty to subscribe to a statement of faith. Additionally, as of 2009, 20 U.S. states and
3465:
1662:
257:
3458:
3561:
2306:
2295:
Although many schools related to religious organizations hold regional accreditation or secular national accreditation, there are four different agencies that specialize in accreditation of religious schools:
2429:
2175:
2424:
1479:
1515:
1389:
2619:
Fred F. Harcleroad and Judith S. Eaton (2005), "The Hidden Hand: External
Constituencies and their Impact," Chapter 9 in Philip G. Altbach, Robert Oliver Berdahl, and Patricia J. Gumport, editors,
837:
462:
66:
3506:
2045:
877:
671:
2381:, Christopher J. Lucas criticized the accreditation system as too expensive, onerously complicated, incestuous in its organization, and not properly tied to quality. Similarly, a 2002 report by
3666:
2318:
832:
537:. It is coordinated by accreditation commissions made up of member institutions. It was first undertaken in the late 19th century by cooperating educational institutions, on a regional basis.
371:
3353:
U.S. accreditation, then, is a robust, complex and unwieldy and sometimes controversial enterprise. These are the first things that we see when we 'take a look at ourselves, accreditation...'
626:
became the first accreditor to formally change its membership rules and requirements to allow institutions outside its historical geographic region to apply for membership and accreditation.
1882:
3521:
686:
2738:
3671:
2279:
2063:
70:
3496:
661:
3551:
2390:
2300:
2157:
950:
716:
3516:
1716:
681:
344:
142:
3566:
1589:
1443:
1101:
731:
420:
366:
410:
75:
3656:
3631:
3611:
2081:
913:
822:
791:
676:
319:
1461:
398:
1789:
1331:
513:
351:
247:
236:
1936:
3702:
3501:
1046:
666:
444:
2505:
842:
771:
623:
1028:
3661:
3606:
1752:
990:
827:
766:
252:
176:
3581:
2787:
2459:"Recognition of Accreditation Organizations: A Comparison of Policy & Practice of Voluntary Accreditation and The United States Department of Education"
1064:
3676:
1369:
309:
299:
242:
2369:
Various commenters have written about the role and effectiveness of the
American accreditation system. It has drawn particular interest since the rise of
3651:
3335:
2899:
2402:
1900:
1551:
811:
567:
277:
186:
2592:
3576:
1771:
1533:
741:
3591:
3546:
2312:
1350:
1195:
751:
711:
645:
Regionally accredited schools were usually academically oriented and most were non-profit. Nationally accredited schools, a large number of which are
356:
334:
196:
80:
3641:
2119:
1954:
968:
801:
452:
403:
2334:
had some form of exemption provision under which religious institutions can grant religious degrees without accreditation or government oversight.
3697:
3601:
3130:
2386:
1918:
1293:
761:
393:
339:
181:
37:
3626:
2668:
786:
2261:
Several organizations exist that accredit institutions and which are not recognized by the U.S. Department of
Education or CHEA. These include:
1991:
1497:
3541:
2284:
1972:
1825:
1313:
1254:
706:
448:
376:
159:
3485:
2998:
2955:
2636:
1234:
1082:
612:
456:
304:
206:
105:
95:
3621:
3394:
2027:
781:
361:
294:
223:
169:
147:
137:
3450:
2212:
506:
381:
164:
127:
1157:
3330:
1698:
1273:
972:
931:
895:
726:
282:
191:
132:
2686:
3586:
3371:
3246:
3106:
2718:
2628:
2541:
2253:
which provides background on the process, accords, agreements, and accrediting bodies related to engineering and computing degrees.
1807:
746:
3556:
2947:
2568:
1009:
721:
1644:
3571:
3536:
3531:
1863:
1608:
1215:
1139:
1120:
736:
701:
696:
415:
100:
90:
3646:
2653:
2458:
2138:
1407:
806:
3616:
2009:
1844:
1680:
816:
776:
152:
85:
3636:
2100:
796:
2970:
2230:
556:
541:
499:
46:
1626:
2922:
571:
122:
2978:
2873:
2821:
2521:
2194:
1176:
580:
563:
3511:
1570:
584:
2502:
3596:
756:
3123:
2795:
386:
218:
3526:
1734:
691:
2546:
2266:
639:
611:
Prior to 2020, there were regional and national accrediting agencies, both of which were accountable to the
2992:
3399:
2249:
For broad resources on how programmatic accreditation is managed in the United States (and globally) see
3145:
635:
272:
262:
3422:
591:
Professional schools, which are often graduate schools, have separate organizations for accreditation.
2665:
657:
The U.S. Department of
Education recognizes the following organizations as institutional accreditors:
3303:
2398:
489:
324:
314:
267:
2382:
3317:
Accreditation, along with federal and state regulation, can impede creative new approaches as well.
289:
3497:
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics
2869:
2817:
662:
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics
3285:
3189:
3075:
3037:
2621:
American higher education in the twenty-first century: social, political, and economic challenges
2579:
2434:
646:
600:
533:
process by which the validity of degrees and credits awarded by higher education institutions is
3241:
3102:
2895:
2714:
2632:
2624:
2620:
534:
2708:
3366:
3277:
3213:
3181:
3067:
3029:
2596:
2349:
634:
institutions, with significant exceptions, as the largest US for-profit universities (e.g.,
575:
552:
478:
3340:
3158:
2974:
2951:
2764:
2672:
2509:
3208:
2465:
2944:
1426:
Commission on Accreditation for Health Informatics and Information Management Education
599:
Institutional accreditation applies to the entire institution, specific programs, and
17:
3691:
2490:
329:
3289:
3193:
3079:
3041:
2525:
2407:
2358:
2325:
These groups specialize in accrediting theological and religious schools including
3446:
Accreditation: Postsecondary Education Institutions – U.S. Department of Education
3307:
2967:
2725:
Regional accreditation is considered more prestigious than national accreditation.
2578:
Judith Eaton, CHEA President Expresses Pros and Cons for Regionals going National
3095:
2331:
530:
2370:
2326:
1790:
Council on Accreditation of Parks, Recreation, Tourism and Related Professions
631:
549:
2968:
Exemptions from the higher education licensing process for religious colleges
2567:
2020 February USDoEd Final Accreditation and State Authorization Regulations
1937:
Joint Review Committee on Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology
854:
Education and CHEA maintain lists of recognized US programmatic accreditors:
545:
3268:
Reeves, Thomas C. (2003). "Storm Clouds on the Digital Education Horizon".
3172:
Reeves, Thomas C. (2003). "Storm Clouds on the Digital Education Horizon".
3058:
Reeves, Thomas C. (2003). "Storm Clouds on the Digital Education Horizon".
3020:
Reeves, Thomas C. (2003). "Storm Clouds on the Digital Education Horizon".
2921:
The Committee of Bar Examiners, State Bar of California (August 28, 2009).
440:
473:
1663:
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
1029:
Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant
3281:
3185:
3071:
3033:
2870:"Accreditation in the United States: Programmatic Accrediting Agencies"
2687:"Regional Accreditation vs National Accreditation for Online Colleges"
2411:
financial aid; his criticism was directed at for-profit institutions.
1065:
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
3445:
3367:"Obama's Accreditation Proposals Surprise Higher-Education Leaders"
2956:
Oregon Student Assistance Commission Office of Degree Authorization
1901:
International Fire Service Accreditation Congress - Degree Assembly
3309:
A Test of Leadership: Charting the Future of U.S. Higher Education
3242:"Lawmakers Call for More Accountability From Accreditation System"
2307:
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
574:) both recognize reputable accrediting bodies for institutions of
3577:
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs
2430:
List of unrecognized higher education accreditation organizations
1772:
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs
1534:
Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programs
742:
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs
2353:
2343:
2176:
Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration
3454:
2425:
List of recognized higher education accreditation organizations
2250:
1480:
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs
2580:
https://www.chea.org/will-regional-accreditation-go-national-0
1516:
Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education
1390:
Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering
969:
Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics
3672:
WASC Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges
3097:
Crisis in the Academy: Rethinking Higher Education in America
1085:
Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission
838:
WASC Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges
3602:
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
3507:
Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine
2843:
2046:
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences
1919:
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
1237:, Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
878:
Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine
762:
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
672:
Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine
3667:
Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools
3627:
National Accrediting Commission of Career Arts and Sciences
3315:. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. p. 5.
2319:
Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools
1198:, Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education
833:
Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools
787:
National Accrediting Commission of Career Arts and Sciences
27:
University accreditation in the U.S., a peer-review process
1992:
Masters in Psychology and Counseling Accreditation Council
1883:
International Accreditation Council for Business Education
1498:
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education
3522:
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training
3481:
2844:"Association of Professional and Specialized Accreditors"
1314:
Association for Advancing Quality in Educator Preparation
687:
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training
2280:
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools
2064:
National Association for the Education of Young Children
3552:
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
2401:, which released its report on September 26, 2006. The
2391:
American Association of State Colleges and Universities
2301:
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
2158:
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
951:
Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs
717:
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
540:
The federal government began to play a limited role in
3622:
Montessori Accreditation Council for Teacher Education
2028:
Montessori Accreditation Council for Teacher Education
782:
Montessori Accreditation Council for Teacher Education
3517:
Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges
3395:"Obama wants cost to feature in accreditation scheme"
2361:, a for-profit social networking site for academics.
1717:
Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation
682:
Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges
3567:
Commission on English Language Program Accreditation
1590:
Commission on English Language Program Accreditation
1444:
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
1102:
American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences
732:
Commission on English Language Program Accreditation
3124:"Can college accreditation live up to its promise?"
2213:
Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System
527:
Higher education accreditation in the United States
3423:"HE accreditation sector faces pressure to reform"
3094:
2666:Accreditation and Recognition in the United States
1218:, Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation
3657:Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
3632:National Association of Schools of Art and Design
3512:Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing
2737:Heffter, Emily; Perry, Nick (February 24, 2006).
2710:The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession
2082:National Association of Schools of Art and Design
1158:American Culinary Federation Education Foundation
914:Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing
823:Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
792:National Association of Schools of Art and Design
677:Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing
2788:"A Battle Over Standards At For-Profit Colleges"
1699:Council for Standards in Human Service Education
1462:Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care
932:Accreditation Commission for Midwifery Education
896:Accreditation Commission for Audiology Education
2994:Diploma Mills and Accreditation – Diploma Mills
1332:Association for Behavior Analysis International
3502:Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools
2542:"Battle rages on accreditation, college money"
2503:Complete List of National Accrediting Agencies
2178:, Commission on Peer Review and Accreditation
1047:Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools
667:Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools
3677:WASC Senior College and University Commission
3612:Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
3557:Association of Institutions of Jewish Studies
3466:
1010:Accreditation Council on Optometric Education
843:WASC Senior College and University Commission
772:Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
722:Association of Institutions of Jewish Studies
624:WASC Senior College and University Commission
507:
8:
3662:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
3607:Middle States Commission on Higher Education
2649:
2647:
2645:
1753:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
1645:Commission on Sport Management Accreditation
991:Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education
828:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
767:Middle States Commission on Higher Education
622:Four months after this change was made, the
3572:Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation
3532:American Board of Funeral Service Education
3331:"Taking a look at ourselves, accreditation"
3122:Leef, George C.; Burris, Roxana D. (2002).
3053:
3051:
1609:Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation
1370:Association for Clinical Pastoral Education
1140:American Council for Construction Education
1121:American Board of Funeral Service Education
737:Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation
697:American Board of Funeral Service Education
3652:New England Commission of Higher Education
3647:National Association of Schools of Theatre
3473:
3459:
3451:
3336:Council for Higher Education Accreditation
2924:Guidelines for Accredited Law School Rules
2900:Council for Higher Education Accreditation
2403:Council for Higher Education Accreditation
2139:National Association of Schools of Theatre
1552:Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education
1408:Aviation Accreditation Board International
856:
812:New England Commission of Higher Education
807:National Association of Schools of Theatre
568:Council for Higher Education Accreditation
514:
500:
31:
3617:Midwifery Education Accreditation Council
3592:Distance Education Accrediting Commission
3547:Association for Biblical Higher Education
3235:
3233:
3231:
2615:
2613:
2593:"Go East (or North), Regional Accreditor"
2313:Association for Biblical Higher Education
2010:Midwifery Education Accreditation Council
1845:Council on Naturopathic Medical Education
1681:Council for Interior Design Accreditation
1351:Association for Biblical Higher Education
1257:, Council on Podiatric Medical Education
1196:American Occupational Therapy Association
777:Midwifery Education Accreditation Council
752:Distance Education Accrediting Commission
712:Association for Biblical Higher Education
81:History of education in the United States
3642:National Association of Schools of Music
3637:National Association of Schools of Dance
3270:Journal of Computing in Higher Education
3174:Journal of Computing in Higher Education
3060:Journal of Computing in Higher Education
3022:Journal of Computing in Higher Education
2896:"Programmatic Accrediting Organizations"
2654:History of the North Central Association
2120:National Association of Schools of Music
2101:National Association of Schools of Dance
1955:American Society of Landscape Architects
802:National Association of Schools of Music
797:National Association of Schools of Dance
3482:Postsecondary institutional accreditors
3421:Mary Beth Marklein (February 2, 2018).
3131:American Council of Trustees and Alumni
2535:
2533:
2450:
2387:American Council of Trustees and Alumni
2231:Teacher Education Accreditation Council
1294:American Veterinary Medical Association
431:
205:
113:
58:
45:
3542:American Podiatric Medical Association
3154:
3143:
2763:Billman, Jeffrey C. (April 14, 2005).
2285:American Academy for Liberal Education
1973:Liaison Committee on Medical Education
1826:Council on Education for Public Health
1627:Commission on Opticianry Accreditation
1255:American Podiatric Medical Association
707:American Podiatric Medical Association
3703:Higher education in the United States
3329:Eaton, Judith S. (June 28–29, 2001).
2999:United States Department of Education
2338:Use of .edu top-level Internet domain
1235:American Physical Therapy Association
1083:American Academy of Forensic Sciences
106:History of education in New York City
96:History of education in Massachusetts
7:
3365:Eric Kelderman (February 13, 2013).
2818:"Institutional Accrediting Agencies"
2591:Lederman, Doug (February 27, 2020).
2464:. CHEA. January 1998. Archived from
653:Recognized institutional accreditors
544:in 1952 with reauthorization of the
3240:Richard Morgan (October 11, 2002).
2786:Hechinger, John (October 3, 2005).
2739:"Student Takes on College and Wins"
819:, and the Commissioner of Education
642:) achieved regional accreditation.
607:Regional and national accreditation
3562:Association of Theological Schools
3209:"Dropping a Bomb on Accreditation"
2526:Accreditation in the United States
2491:Accreditation in the United States
1986:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1858:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1839:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1766:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1603:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1584:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1565:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1384:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1308:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1288:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1274:American Psychological Association
1249:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1210:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1023:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1004:Not eligible for Title IV funding
973:Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
945:Not eligible for Title IV funding
727:Association of Theological Schools
25:
3587:Council on Occupational Education
3582:Council on Chiropractic Education
3372:The Chronicle of Higher Education
3247:The Chronicle of Higher Education
2540:Aasen, Adam (November 18, 2008).
1808:Council on Chiropractic Education
747:Council on Chiropractic Education
3537:American Osteopathic Association
3393:Chris Parr (February 21, 2013).
3207:Doug Lederman (March 31, 2006).
3101:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
2981:website, accessed March 21, 2018
2958:website, accessed March 21, 2011
1864:Council on Social Work Education
1216:American Osteopathic Association
702:American Osteopathic Association
483:
472:
101:History of education in Missouri
91:History of education in Kentucky
2806:– via Collegejournal.com.
2274:Formerly recognized accreditors
817:New York State Board of Regents
86:History of education in Chicago
3698:Higher education accreditation
3093:Lucas, Christopher J. (1996).
2489:U.S. Department of Education,
1866:, Commission on Accreditation
1276:, Commission on Accreditation
557:U.S. Commissioner of Education
542:higher education accreditation
421:Full-service community schools
1:
3333:. Letter from the President.
1179:, Committee on Accreditation
1123:, Committee on Accreditation
572:non-governmental organization
3486:U.S. Department of Education
2979:Connecticut General Assembly
2874:U.S. Department of Education
2822:U.S. Department of Education
2522:U.S. Department of Education
2385:and Roxana D. Burris of the
2257:Other recognized accreditors
2195:Planning Accreditation Board
2141:Commission on Accreditation
2122:Commission on Accreditation
2103:Commission on Accreditation
2084:Commission on Accreditation
1353:Commission on Accreditation
1177:American Library Association
1104:, Council for Accreditation
581:Higher Education Act of 1965
564:U.S. Department of Education
2991:".edu Internet Addresses".
2348:Since 2001, the use of the
1571:American Dental Association
1372:, Accreditation Commission
595:Institutional accreditation
585:U.S. Secretary of Education
399:For-profit higher education
3719:
3597:Higher Learning Commission
2365:Criticism of accreditation
2341:
2269:Committee of Bar Examiners
849:Programmatic accreditation
757:Higher Learning Commission
352:School corporal punishment
3492:
2752:– via nwsource.com.
2713:. Routledge. p. 48.
2707:Lechuga, Vicente (2005).
2350:top-level internet domain
1160:, Accrediting Commission
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
387:School-to-work transition
3527:American Bar Association
2945:Religious Exempt Schools
2501:College Review Journal,
1735:American Bar Association
692:American Bar Association
490:United States portal
36:This article is part of
2623:. Page 263. JHU Press.
2547:The Florida Times-Union
2267:State Bar of California
1296:, Council on Education
640:Grand Canyon University
613:Department of Education
603:within an institution.
208:Education policy issues
177:Environmental education
3400:Times Higher Education
3153:Cite journal requires
345:Standards-based reform
320:Gender achievement gap
310:Racial achievement gap
243:Educational attainment
18:National accreditation
2379:Crisis in the Academy
2291:Religious accreditors
636:University of Phoenix
411:Research universities
278:Student financial aid
273:Graduate unemployment
248:Post-secondary issues
224:Primary and secondary
187:Mathematics education
3304:Spellings Commission
2399:Spellings Commission
1334:Accreditation Board
479:Education portal
315:Desegregation busing
268:Elite overproduction
197:Vocational education
3001:. December 23, 2009
2798:on December 4, 2008
2792:Wall Street Journal
2767:. Orlandoweekly.com
432:Levels of education
404:For-profit colleges
372:Foreign involvement
3484:recognized by the
3282:10.1007/BF02940850
3186:10.1007/BF02940850
3072:10.1007/BF02940850
3034:10.1007/BF02940850
2973:2018-03-21 at the
2950:2011-02-21 at the
2671:2012-03-07 at the
2508:2011-06-16 at the
2435:Accreditation mill
601:distance education
583:, as amended, the
394:Community colleges
340:School segregation
258:Cost and financing
182:Language education
3685:
3684:
3343:on March 22, 2013
2685:Geteducated.com.
2664:Judith S. Eaton,
2637:978-0-8018-8035-3
2377:In his 1996 book
2251:Accreditation.org
2247:
2246:
869:USDE Recognized?
866:CHEA Recognized?
524:
523:
377:Special education
367:Sexual harassment
160:Medical education
114:Curriculum topics
50:
16:(Redirected from
3710:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3452:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3339:. Archived from
3326:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3276:(1): 12, 14–15.
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3237:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3214:Inside Higher Ed
3204:
3198:
3197:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2988:
2982:
2965:
2959:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2850:. March 31, 2003
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2794:. Archived from
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2682:
2676:
2662:
2656:
2651:
2640:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2597:Inside Higher Ed
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2471:on June 15, 2010
2470:
2463:
2455:
857:
576:higher education
516:
509:
502:
488:
487:
486:
477:
476:
416:Community school
335:Racial diversity
305:Achievement gaps
209:
71:in insular areas
53:
49:Education in the
48:
32:
21:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3488:
3479:
3442:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3346:
3344:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3312:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3239:
3238:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3152:
3142:
3135:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2975:Wayback Machine
2966:
2962:
2952:Wayback Machine
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2876:. June 28, 2021
2868:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2765:"Bad Education"
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2673:Wayback Machine
2663:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2618:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2520:
2516:
2510:Wayback Machine
2500:
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2472:
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2461:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2421:
2367:
2346:
2340:
2293:
2276:
2259:
851:
655:
609:
597:
520:
484:
482:
481:
471:
445:Early childhood
427:
362:School violence
295:Charter schools
207:
201:
170:Nursing degrees
148:Legal education
143:Music education
138:Civic education
76:By subject area
51:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3716:
3714:
3706:
3705:
3700:
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3440:External links
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3155:|journal=
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2383:George C. Leef
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2743:Seattle Times
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2720:9781135508678
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2675:, CHEA, 2008.
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2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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2001:
1998:
1995:
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1471:
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1448:COAMFTE-AAMFT
1447:
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1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
985:
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979:
976:
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952:
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926:
923:
920:
917:
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911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
860:Organization
858:
855:
848:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
652:
650:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
627:
625:
620:
616:
614:
606:
604:
602:
594:
592:
589:
586:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
497:
495:
494:
491:
480:
475:
470:
469:
464:
463:Organizations
461:
459:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:
436:
435:
430:
422:
419:
418:
417:
414:
412:
409:
405:
402:
401:
400:
397:
395:
392:
388:
385:
384:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:School choice
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:Student loans
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
263:Credentialism
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
238:
234:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:Accreditation
217:
216:
214:
213:
210:
204:
198:
195:
193:
192:Sex education
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
171:
168:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
133:Art education
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
112:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
68:
65:
64:
63:
62:
57:
54:
52:United States
44:
41:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3426:. Retrieved
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3398:
3388:
3376:. Retrieved
3370:
3360:
3352:
3345:. Retrieved
3341:the original
3334:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3298:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3253:September 7,
3251:. Retrieved
3245:
3218:. Retrieved
3212:
3202:
3180:(1): 13–14.
3177:
3173:
3167:
3146:cite journal
3136:September 7,
3134:. Retrieved
3117:
3096:
3088:
3063:
3059:
3028:(1): 12–13.
3025:
3021:
3015:
3005:February 19,
3003:. Retrieved
2993:
2986:
2963:
2940:
2928:. Retrieved
2923:
2916:
2904:. Retrieved
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2864:
2852:. Retrieved
2848:ASPA-USA.org
2847:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:the original
2791:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2758:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:
2732:
2724:
2709:
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2680:
2660:
2600:. Retrieved
2586:
2574:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2545:
2517:
2497:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2466:the original
2453:
2413:
2408:Barack Obama
2395:
2378:
2376:
2368:
2359:Academia.edu
2347:
2324:
2294:
2260:
2248:
2181:NASPAA-COPRA
852:
656:
644:
628:
621:
617:
610:
598:
590:
561:
539:
526:
525:
439:
357:School meals
235:
228:
35:
29:
2475:November 6,
2332:Puerto Rico
531:peer review
3692:Categories
3428:August 19,
2930:October 4,
2446:References
2371:e-learning
2327:seminaries
1240:APTA-CAPTE
1201:AOTA-ACOTE
1088:AAFS-FEPAC
647:for-profit
632:non-profit
570:(CHEA) (a
550:Korean War
325:Head Start
300:Inequality
153:Law school
3406:April 19,
3378:April 12,
3347:April 12,
3066:(1): 14.
2692:March 20,
2602:April 23,
1959:LAAB-ASLA
1260:APMA-CPME
1107:AAFCS-CFA
546:G.I. Bill
453:Secondary
237:Financing
3306:(2006).
3290:15523346
3194:15523346
3080:15523346
3042:15523346
2971:Archived
2948:Archived
2669:Archived
2506:Archived
2419:See also
1905:IFSAC-DA
1869:CSWE-COA
1757:CAA-ASHA
1375:ACPE Inc
1299:AVMA-COE
1221:AOA-COCA
1163:ACFEF-AC
863:Acronym
566:and the
553:veterans
123:Literacy
67:By state
38:a series
3220:May 17,
2906:July 3,
2880:July 3,
2854:June 1,
2828:May 25,
2802:June 1,
2771:June 1,
2748:June 1,
2553:June 3,
2321:(TRACS)
2303:(AARTS)
1279:APA-CoA
1182:ALA-CoA
535:assured
449:Primary
59:Summary
3288:
3192:
3105:
3078:
3040:
2902:. 2021
2824:. 2021
2717:
2635:
2627:
2315:(ABHE)
2050:NAACLS
1941:JRCNMT
1923:JRCERT
1794:COAPRT
1667:CACREP
1631:COA-OP
1538:CAMPEP
1484:CAAHEP
1430:CAHIIM
1069:ACEJMC
1033:ARC-PA
290:Reform
253:Bubble
3313:(PDF)
3286:S2CID
3190:S2CID
3127:(PDF)
3076:S2CID
3038:S2CID
2469:(PDF)
2462:(PDF)
2441:Notes
2309:(ATS)
2217:PCSAS
2162:NCATE
2087:NASAD
2068:NAEYC
2032:MACTE
1996:MPCAC
1887:IACBE
1703:CSHSE
1649:COSMA
1613:COMTA
1520:CAHME
1502:CAATE
1466:CoARC
1394:ATMAE
1318:AAQEP
1126:ABFSE
1051:ABHES
977:ACEND
955:ACBSP
882:ACAOM
872:Note
529:is a
3430:2020
3408:2013
3380:2013
3349:2013
3255:2012
3222:2013
3159:help
3138:2012
3103:ISBN
3007:2010
2932:2010
2908:2021
2882:2021
2856:2010
2830:2021
2804:2010
2773:2010
2750:2010
2715:ISBN
2694:2018
2633:ISBN
2625:ISBN
2604:2022
2555:2011
2477:2009
2354:.edu
2344:.edu
2265:The
2235:TEAC
2144:NAST
2125:NASM
2106:NASD
2014:MEAC
1977:LCME
1849:CNME
1830:CEPH
1721:CAEP
1685:CIDA
1575:CODA
1556:CCNE
1412:AABI
1356:ABHE
1337:ABAI
1144:ACCE
1014:ACOE
995:ACPE
936:ACME
918:ACEN
900:ACAE
562:The
548:for
455:) –
441:K–12
69:and
3278:doi
3182:doi
3068:doi
3030:doi
2241:Yes
2238:Yes
2220:Yes
2202:Yes
2199:PAB
2184:Yes
2168:Yes
2165:Yes
2150:Yes
2131:Yes
2112:Yes
2093:Yes
2071:Yes
2053:Yes
2038:Yes
2020:Yes
1999:Yes
1983:Yes
1962:Yes
1944:Yes
1929:Yes
1926:Yes
1908:Yes
1890:Yes
1872:Yes
1855:Yes
1836:Yes
1818:Yes
1815:Yes
1812:CCE
1797:Yes
1782:Yes
1779:Yes
1776:COA
1763:Yes
1760:Yes
1745:Yes
1739:ABA
1724:Yes
1706:Yes
1688:Yes
1670:Yes
1652:Yes
1634:Yes
1619:Yes
1600:Yes
1594:CEA
1581:Yes
1562:Yes
1541:Yes
1523:Yes
1505:Yes
1487:Yes
1469:Yes
1451:Yes
1433:Yes
1415:Yes
1397:Yes
1381:Yes
1362:Yes
1359:Yes
1340:Yes
1321:Yes
1305:Yes
1302:Yes
1285:Yes
1282:Yes
1266:Yes
1263:Yes
1246:Yes
1243:Yes
1227:Yes
1207:Yes
1204:Yes
1185:Yes
1166:Yes
1147:Yes
1132:Yes
1129:Yes
1110:Yes
1091:Yes
1072:Yes
1057:Yes
1036:Yes
1020:Yes
1017:Yes
1001:Yes
998:Yes
983:Yes
958:Yes
942:Yes
924:Yes
921:Yes
903:Yes
888:Yes
3694::
3397:.
3369:.
3351:.
3284:.
3274:15
3272:.
3244:.
3230:^
3211:.
3188:.
3178:15
3176:.
3150::
3148:}}
3144:{{
3129:.
3074:.
3064:15
3062:.
3050:^
3036:.
3026:15
3024:.
2997:.
2977:,
2954:,
2898:.
2872:.
2846:.
2820:.
2790:.
2741:.
2723:.
2644:^
2631:,
2612:^
2595:.
2544:.
2532:^
2524:,
2352:,
2223:No
2205:No
2187:No
2147:No
2128:No
2109:No
2090:No
2074:No
2056:No
2035:No
2017:No
2002:No
1980:No
1965:No
1947:No
1911:No
1893:No
1875:No
1852:No
1833:No
1800:No
1742:No
1727:No
1709:No
1691:No
1673:No
1655:No
1637:No
1616:No
1597:No
1578:No
1559:No
1544:No
1526:No
1508:No
1490:No
1472:No
1454:No
1436:No
1418:No
1400:No
1378:No
1343:No
1324:No
1224:No
1188:No
1169:No
1150:No
1113:No
1094:No
1075:No
1054:No
1039:No
980:No
971:,
961:No
939:No
906:No
885:No
638:,
559:.
451:–
443:-
40:on
3474:e
3467:t
3460:v
3432:.
3410:.
3382:.
3292:.
3280::
3257:.
3224:.
3196:.
3184::
3161:)
3157:(
3140:.
3111:.
3082:.
3070::
3044:.
3032::
3009:.
2934:.
2910:.
2884:.
2858:.
2832:.
2775:.
2696:.
2639:.
2606:.
2557:.
2512:.
2479:.
515:e
508:t
501:v
447:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.