160:
855:
2174:
317:
845:
303:
22:
193:
The 16th Majlis consisted of some members from
National Front such as Mosaddegh. Mosaddegh had sought to audit the documents of AIOC, in order to verify that AIOC was paying the contracted royalties to Iran, and to limit the company's control over Iranian oil reserves. AIOC refused to co-operate with
290:
After the coup, the
Iranian oil crisis ended and the AIOC did not succeed to stop production. The National Iranian oil company as an international consortium was founded and the AIOC was made a member. With the nationalization of the oil industry, British and American political influence continued
109:
Relations between Iran and AIOC were never smooth. In 1932 Iran considered expropriation. Tensions increased during the 1940s as
British taxes increased while royalties to Iran declined. By 1948, Britain received substantially more revenue from AIOC than Iran. Negotiations to meet this and
88:
From the time of the discovery of oil in Iran, foreign powers used force and exploited the weakness of the
Iranian state to coerce it into concessions which allowed foreign companies to control oil extraction. The nationalization of the oil industry was the response to these foreign interventions.
246:
In the first year of the nationalization, the only foreign sale of
Iranian oil were 300 barrels to an Italian merchant ship. Foreign oil companies prevented any impacts of the Iranian withdrawal from being felt by consumer countries by increasing output elsewhere. Oil production was expanded by
56:'s oil industry, which had been run by private companies, largely controlled by foreign interests. The legislation was passed on March 15, 1951, and was verified by the Majlis on March 17, 1951. The legislation led to the nationalization of the
129:
all became involved in
Iranian affairs. When faced with demands from the oil companies of these three countries, the Iranian government announced that the issue would be decided after the war. After the war, no agreement was reached.
1622:
271:
increased by around 10% annually in 1951, 1952 and 1953. With
Iranian oil production decreasing from 242 million barrels in 1950 to 10.6 million barrels in 1952, the loss of oil exports severely impacted the economy.
811:
1684:
1175:
209:
On March 15, 1951, legislation to nationalize the oil industry was passed by the Majlis with a majority of votes. On March 17 the Majlis verified the nationalization of Iran oil industry and the AIOC was nationalized.
1033:
1510:
1003:
179:. Before gaining recognition as the leader of the national oil movement, he played a large role in the trans-Iranian railway project and the re-organization of the courts and the Justice Department.
194:
the
Iranian government. In November 1950, the rejection of the oil supplemental agreement was offered from oil committee of Majlis which was chaired by Mosaddegh. The prime minister at the time,
1056:
1331:
833:
993:
1299:
1642:
1525:
1431:
958:
350:
2003:
1652:
2068:
988:
1205:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1326:
1245:
235:, at the time one of the largest oil refineries in the world, was closed. The nationalization of the Iranian oil industry continued even through strong opposition from the
167:
Mosaddegh (1882â1967) was an
Iranian politician and the leader of the movement to nationalize Iran's oil industry. He was educated in Europe, and joined politics after the
1710:
1165:
983:
885:
875:
567:
826:
1456:
1436:
1406:
1294:
895:
890:
72:
and future prime minister of Iran. The movement to nationalize the oil industry was the reaction to the following concessions made by Iran to foreign powers: the
1150:
1602:
137:
in the 14th Majlis was the first who introduced a plan to nationalize the oil industry. However, this plan was never discussed. On
October 23, 1949, at home of
1720:
145:(political party) was established. It consisted of various political efforts whose joint objective was the protection of the rights of Iranian oil industry.
76:
of 1872, proceeding letter, the 1933 agreement between the Iranian government and AIOC, and the Gas-golshaian contract. According to the political scientist
1197:
2083:
1975:
1266:
2211:
2028:
2078:
2063:
1998:
1627:
1468:
598:
2231:
2177:
1763:
1309:
819:
80:, the oil nationalization movement had two major results: the establishment of a democratic government and the pursuit of Iranian national sovereignty.
531:
1637:
1421:
1155:
2048:
2073:
1369:
723:
The Modern Middle East:A Political History Since the First World War, University of California Press, January 3, 2011, by Mehran Kamrava, page 148
1341:
1123:
905:
1758:
1612:
1220:
915:
355:
458:"Prime Minister Mossaddegh and Ayatullah Kashani From Unity to Enmity: As Viewed from the American Embassy in Tehran, June 1950 â August 1953"
2105:
1493:
1463:
698:
1145:
671:
624:
1543:
1336:
880:
1118:
2196:
1284:
429:
2053:
1915:
1570:
998:
708:
681:
634:
404:
1483:
1359:
2206:
1738:
1715:
1678:
1597:
1478:
870:
742:
168:
849:
1401:
1289:
1255:
1160:
464:
394:
175:, finance minister, foreign minister, and prime minister. In the election of the 14th Majlis in 1943, he was elected member for
2013:
1830:
1473:
1416:
1133:
1140:
1411:
1396:
900:
1346:
946:
485:
219:
1274:
951:
557:
340:
521:"Comparative Study of the Iran Oil Nationalization Movement and the Nuclear Energy within Rouzcronce and Kaplun's Theory"
1607:
1592:
1250:
978:
360:
345:
61:
49:
1617:
2226:
2216:
1885:
1728:
1304:
1013:
335:
284:
280:
231:
In the aftermath of March 1951, the economic crisis worsened and Iranian oil was not bought by other countries. The
2160:
2135:
2110:
1488:
1180:
1170:
1647:
1548:
1446:
188:
57:
1705:
2221:
2115:
1875:
1753:
1748:
1667:
1426:
1230:
1106:
590:
287:. Mosaddegh was sentenced to three years in prison and then kept under house arrest until his death in 1967.
1364:
1101:
1086:
520:
1076:
2140:
2023:
1672:
1662:
1535:
1185:
1096:
1091:
2236:
2201:
2058:
2008:
1880:
1587:
1582:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1520:
1279:
1225:
793:
225:
142:
69:
206:. After the death of Razmara, the Majlis began the process of nationalizing the Iranian oil industry.
159:
1980:
1451:
1441:
1235:
1008:
936:
203:
558:"Patriot of Persia: Muhammad Mossadegh and a Very British Coup by Christopher de Bellaigue â review"
1215:
1066:
910:
77:
2125:
2100:
1935:
1910:
1895:
1870:
1860:
1810:
1775:
1657:
1632:
1210:
1061:
644:
154:
138:
65:
1805:
1051:
788:
1780:
1700:
1515:
1321:
1081:
968:
758:
704:
677:
630:
400:
276:
94:
73:
2153:
2130:
2120:
2093:
2088:
2038:
2033:
1945:
1865:
1743:
1575:
1379:
1351:
1113:
963:
931:
494:
481:
421:
199:
41:
1845:
1825:
1800:
1790:
1384:
1314:
1260:
1128:
770:
656:
232:
195:
734:
1960:
1955:
1770:
1240:
457:
330:
240:
118:
2190:
1930:
1905:
1900:
1855:
1850:
1840:
1835:
1815:
1795:
854:
322:
236:
172:
134:
126:
2018:
1950:
1920:
1820:
562:
256:
171:
of 1905â1907. He held multiple posts such as member of parliament, governor of the
122:
114:
53:
113:
The competition to gain more control of the Iranian oil industry increased during
2043:
1970:
1940:
1925:
1890:
973:
365:
308:
268:
700:
Transnational Corporations and the Exploitation of Natural Resources, Volume 10
1965:
1785:
1733:
1498:
298:
2146:
316:
498:
1071:
275:
In August 1953, the government of Mosaddegh was overthrown by a military
1389:
21:
260:
252:
176:
29:
1374:
1176:
Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites
110:
other Iranian concerns exacerbated rather than eased tensions.
158:
789:"Oil Agreements in Iran (1901â1978): their history and evolution"
198:, opposed the measure. On March 7, 1951, Razmara was murdered by
1623:
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
844:
264:
25:
1511:
Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023âpresent)
815:
396:
Social Movements in Iran: Environmentalism and Civil Society
248:
224:
In April, Mosaddegh was selected as prime minister by Shah
994:
Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani
1300:
United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil
1526:
Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections
1432:
December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
959:
Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights
1643:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
351:
National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company
2004:
Academic relations between Iran and the United States
1653:
United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran
733:
The Editors of EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica (March 2024).
2069:
Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America
989:
Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei
1991:
1693:
1534:
1206:
Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner
1196:
1044:
924:
863:
591:"The CIA's Coup Against Iran's Mohammad Mossadegh"
1711:Iranian Students Association in the United States
1246:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
16:Nationalization of oil companies in Iran in 1951
673:Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry
487:The United States, Great Britain, and Mossadegh
105:1949 Gass-Gulshaiyan Supplemental Oil Agreement
1457:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
1437:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad
1407:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports
1295:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq
984:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush
896:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz
891:Interests Section of Iran in the United States
1603:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act
827:
8:
1725:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans
1721:Organization of Iranian American Communities
2084:United States and state-sponsored terrorism
942:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
38:nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
2079:United States involvement in regime change
2064:Opposition to military action against Iran
1628:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act
1469:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
834:
820:
812:
141:and in the presence of twelve experts the
1422:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
1156:International Maritime Security Construct
451:
449:
447:
281:United States Central Intelligence Agency
2049:International Conference on Hollywoodism
1267:America can't do a damn thing against us
886:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran
876:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States
388:
386:
384:
382:
380:
228:under immense pressure from the Majlis.
133:Gholamhosein Rahimiyan, the member from
89:Particularly the following concessions:
28:directorate enters the AIOC building in
20:
1764:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
629:. International Business Publications.
376:
1759:National Council of Resistance of Iran
916:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group
766:
756:
652:
642:
601:from the original on September 5, 2017
514:
512:
510:
508:
470:from the original on November 9, 2013.
356:National Iranian Petrochemical Company
2106:American Institute of Iranian Studies
1685:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity
1464:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape
618:
616:
7:
1544:United States sanctions against Iran
1337:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
1332:United States diplomatic cables leak
881:Embassy of the United States, Tehran
556:Hilsum, Lindsey (February 5, 2012).
102:1933 Agreement between Iran and AIOC
1285:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
570:from the original on March 17, 2018
537:from the original on April 10, 2016
420:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
285:British Secret Intelligence Service
45:
2054:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
1916:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
1124:ArabâIsraeli alliance against Iran
999:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
906:IranâUnited States Claims Tribunal
432:from the original on July 15, 2024
48:) resulted from a movement in the
14:
1739:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
1716:National Iranian American Council
1679:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran
1638:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act
1479:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
871:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.
745:from the original on July 8, 2018
463:. University of Texas at Austin.
456:Kressin, Wolfgang K. (May 1991).
169:Iranian Constitutional Revolution
68:, a member of the Majlis for the
2173:
2172:
1976:Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees
1290:Disappearance of Robert Levinson
1161:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
1151:RussiaâSyriaâIranâIraq coalition
1146:IranâSaudi Arabia proxy conflict
853:
843:
519:Golshani, Alireza; Jadidi, Ali.
315:
301:
64:(NIOC). The movement was led by
60:(AIOC) and the formation of the
2014:Anti-American sentiment in Iran
1494:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes
1474:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
1417:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1134:February 2019 Warsaw Conference
703:. Routledge; Set Only edition.
163:Rally following nationalization
1613:Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act
1412:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1397:Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani
1057:United States support for Iraq
901:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
787:Mina, Parviz (July 20, 2004).
1:
2212:IranâUnited Kingdom relations
1484:2021 U.S.âIran naval incident
341:Ministry of Petroleum of Iran
2232:IranâUnited States relations
1608:Iran Freedom and Support Act
1593:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
1327:Detention of American hikers
1251:1980 October Surprise theory
850:IranâUnited States relations
361:National Iranian Gas Company
346:National Iranian Oil Company
62:National Iranian Oil Company
1729:United Against Nuclear Iran
1305:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi
336:Mohammad Ali Keshavarz Sadr
50:Iranian parliament (Majlis)
46:ÙÙ۶ŰȘ Ù
ÙÛ ŰŽŰŻÙ Ű”ÙŰčŰȘ ÙÙŰȘ ۧÛ۱ۧÙ
2253:
2197:Petroleum industry in Iran
2161:Not for the Faint of Heart
2136:Saint Peter Church, Tehran
2111:American School of Isfahan
2074:State Sponsor of Terrorism
1648:Dames & Moore v. Regan
1489:2022 Erbil missile attacks
1181:Operation Martyr Soleimani
1171:Thirteen revenge scenarios
1141:IranâIsrael proxy conflict
217:
186:
152:
2170:
1999:1998 FIFA World Cup match
1598:Iran Nonproliferation Act
1549:Maximum pressure campaign
1447:2021 Erbil rocket attacks
670:Vassiliou, M. S. (2009).
189:Anglo-Iranian Oil Company
58:Anglo-Iranian Oil Company
2207:Cold War history of Iran
2116:Community School, Tehran
1876:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil
1754:National Council of Iran
1749:Kingdom Assembly of Iran
1668:Bank Markazi v. Peterson
1427:2019 K-1 Air Base attack
1342:Strait of Hormuz dispute
1275:Beirut barracks bombings
1231:Operation Credible Sport
1107:Operation Praying Mantis
947:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
626:Iran Country Study Guide
589:ADST (August 18, 2015).
422:"Oil Agreements in Iran"
267:. Oil production in the
220:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
1618:KylâLieberman Amendment
1365:Nuclear program of Iran
1102:Operation Nimble Archer
1087:Operation Eager Glacier
2141:Tehran American School
2024:CIA activities in Iran
1694:Groups and individuals
1673:Certain Iranian Assets
1663:United States v. Banki
1402:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou
1186:2020 Camp Taji attacks
1097:Operation Prime Chance
1092:Operation Earnest Will
952:Abadan Crisis Timeline
697:McKern, Bruce (1993).
393:Fadaee, Simin (2012).
291:for years after coup.
164:
33:
2059:Iranian frozen assets
1881:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan
1588:Executive Order 13876
1583:Executive Order 13780
1566:Executive Order 13769
1561:Executive Order 12172
1556:Executive Order 12170
1521:Tower 22 drone attack
1280:Khobar Towers bombing
1226:Guadeloupe Conference
794:Encyclopaedia Iranica
226:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
162:
24:
1981:Abdul Majid Muhammed
1706:IranâAmerica Society
1452:2021 Natanz incident
1442:2020 Iran explosions
1236:Operation Eagle Claw
1198:Incidents after 1979
1009:Joint Plan of Action
937:Persian Gulf Command
279:orchestrated by the
52:to seize control of
2029:Copyright relations
1360:2016 Naval incident
1216:Iran hostage crisis
1067:Iran Air Flight 655
979:Island of Stability
911:Iranian Directorate
735:"Mohammad Mosaddeq"
676:. Scarecrow Press.
78:Mark J. Gasiorowski
2227:Petroleum politics
2217:Mohammad Mosaddegh
2126:Iran Bethel School
2101:Alborz High School
1936:Abdolreza Shahlaei
1911:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh
1896:Mohammad Mosaddegh
1871:Amir Mirza Hekmati
1861:Mahmoud Reza Banki
1811:Erwin David Rabhan
1776:Howard Baskerville
1658:Oil Platforms case
1633:Public Law 113-100
1310:2008 Naval dispute
1211:Iranian Revolution
1077:IranâContra affair
1062:Bridgeton incident
769:has generic name (
655:has generic name (
165:
155:Mohammad Mosaddegh
139:Mohammad Mosaddegh
66:Mohammad Mosaddegh
34:
2184:
2183:
1886:Mohammad Hosseini
1781:William J. Fallon
1701:Iran Action Group
1516:2024 Erbil attack
1322:Project Cassandra
1082:Operation Staunch
969:Project Dark Gene
623:Inc, Ibp (2015).
426:iranicaonline.org
204:Fada'iyan-e Islam
99:Proceeding letter
95:Reuter concession
74:Reuter concession
2244:
2176:
2175:
2131:Iranzamin School
2121:Damavand College
2094:Alavi Foundation
2089:650 Fifth Avenue
2039:Dual containment
2034:Death to America
1946:Masoud Soleimani
1866:Haleh Esfandiari
1831:Michael R. White
1576:Trump travel ban
1380:Operation Merlin
1119:Yemeni Civil War
1114:Syrian civil war
964:Exercise Delawar
932:Persian Corridor
864:Diplomatic posts
858:
857:
848:
847:
836:
829:
822:
813:
805:
803:
801:
775:
774:
768:
764:
762:
754:
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724:
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553:
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492:
482:David S. Painter
478:
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453:
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390:
325:
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311:
306:
305:
304:
200:Khalil Tahmasebi
47:
32:, June 20, 1951.
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2222:Nationalization
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2166:
1987:
1846:Saeid Aboutaleb
1826:Craig Wadsworth
1801:Stephen D. Mull
1791:Joseph Macmanus
1689:
1530:
1385:Charming Kitten
1347:RQ-170 incident
1315:Filipino Monkey
1261:Algiers Accords
1192:
1129:Abraham Accords
1040:
1034:U.S. withdrawal
920:
859:
852:
842:
840:
809:
799:
797:
786:
783:
778:
765:
755:
748:
746:
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731:
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407:
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378:
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321:
314:
307:
302:
300:
297:
233:Abadan Refinery
222:
216:
196:Haj Ali Razmara
191:
185:
157:
151:
86:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2250:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
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2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
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2171:
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2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:American Islam
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Karan Vafadari
1958:
1956:Kian Tajbakhsh
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
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1878:
1873:
1868:
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1848:
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1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1771:Elliott Abrams
1768:
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1518:
1513:
1508:
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1471:
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1429:
1424:
1419:
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1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
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1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1318:
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214:Aftermath
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759:cite web
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