1217:
1138:
674:
914:
405:). Their main objectives are preserving fauna and flora and other natural attributes, excluding direct human interference. Visits are allowed only with permission, and only for educational or scientific purposes. Changes to the ecosystems in both types of reserve are allowed to restore and preserve the natural balance, biological diversity and natural ecological processes. Ecological stations are also allowed to change the environment within strictly defined limits (e.g. affecting no more than three percent of the area or 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres), whichever is less) for the purpose of scientific research. A
1076:
215:
1302:
984:'s national parks are declared historic sites or nature reserves, which are mostly operated and maintained by the National Nature and Parks Authority. As of 2019, Israel maintains more than 490 nature reserves that protect 2,500 species of indigenous wild plants, 20 species of fish, 530 species of birds and 70 species of mammals. In total, they cover 6,400 km (2,500 sq mi) of nature reserves, approximately 28% of the country's land area. In 1984, the two areas with the highest number of nature reserves were the South (15.2%) and
47:
1410:
1284:
300:
3496:
3460:
609:
696:
3434:
3472:
475:
3520:
158:
3532:
3484:
528:
3508:
413:
the objectives of the unit are compatible with the landowners' usage of the land and natural resources. Public visits are subject to the conditions and restrictions established by the management plan of the unit and are subject to authorisation by and regulations of the main administrative and scientific research body.
632:
the fishponds. One of the most spectacular sights of the park is the autumn migration of cranes. Some famous
Hungarian animal species live in Hortobágy National Park, such as the grey cattle, racka long-wool sheep living only in Hungary, Hungarian horses and buffalo. Hortobágy National Park has been a UNESCO
631:
is the largest continuous natural grassland in Europe and the oldest national park in
Hungary. It is situated on the eastern part of Hungary, on the plain of the Alföld. It was established in 1972. There are alkaline grasslands interrupted by marshes. They have a sizable importance because there are
441:
which cover 12% of
Egyptian land. Those nature reserves were built according to the laws no. 102/1983 and 4/1994 for protection of the Egyptian nature reserve. Egypt announced a plan from to build 40 nature reserves from 1997 to 2017, to help protect the natural resources and the culture and history
996:
Under the Nature
Conservation Law, places can be designated as 'wilderness areas', 'nature conservation areas' and 'prefectural nature conservation areas'. In 1995, when the Japanese Government published its information in English, there were 5 wilderness areas, 10 nature conservation areas and 516
880:
in
England. They range from windswept coastal headlands, ancient woodlands and flower-rich meadows to former inner-city railways, long-abandoned landfill sites and industrial areas now re-colonized by wildlife. In total, they cover almost 40,000 ha (99,000 acres)—a natural resource which makes
412:
Wildlife refuges in Brazil have as their objective the protection of natural flora and fauna where conditions are assured for the existence and reproduction of species or communities of the local flora and the resident or migratory fauna. The refuges can consist of privately owned land, as long as
184:
in the 3rd century BC,Anuradhapura
Ancient Kingdom. Early reservations often had a religious underpinning, such as the 'evil forest' areas of West Africa which were forbidden to humans, who were threatened with spiritual attack if they went there. Sacred areas taboo from human entry to fishing and
725:
Nature reserves are one of the 11 types of protected areas in
Portugal. As of 2012, Portugal had a total of 46 protected areas, which represented 6,807.89 km (2,628.54 sq mi) of land and 463.94 km (179.13 sq mi) of marine surfaces. Among the protected areas, nine are
424:
As a federal government, Canada recognizes 55 National
Wildlife Areas, containing species of ecological significance. This area is protected by legislation known as the Canada Wildlife Act, which is overseen by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change. About half of the habitat is marine
1482:
There are also state-level administered State Nature
Reserves found throughout the country, as well as smaller reserves operated by local governments, private trusts, or even funded through public donations. Private nature reserves also exist, with land excluded from private land trusts and
2162:חוק גנים לאומיים ושמורות טבע תשכ"ג – 1963. 'שמורת טבע' – שטח שבו נשמרים חי, צומח, קרקע, מערות או מים, שיש בהם ענין של מדע או של חנוך, מפני שינויים בלתי רצויים במראם, בהרכבם הביאולוגי או במהלך התפתחותם, וששר הפנים, לפי הצעת שר החקלאות או לאחר התיעצות אתו, הכריז עליו ברשומות שהוא שמורת טבע.
1116:
administers more than 80,000 square kilometres (31,000 sq mi)—nearly 30% of the nation's total area—with at least some degree of protection. This land is composed of 14 National Parks, 30 Conservation Parks, and approximately 8,900 discrete areas of land in total.
1019:, was founded. RSCN's first efforts involved bringing back severely endangered species. In 1973, RSCN was given the right to issue hunting licenses, giving RSCN an upper hand in preventing extinction. The first step was the founding of Jordan's first nature reserve,
1169:
that cover 22,422 km (8,657 sq mi), about 17.3% of the nation's landmass. Private nature reserves exist with land excluded from private land trusts and maintained at the sole cost of the proprietor. For example, O Parks, WildLife, and
Recreation, Or
1440:. The National Wildlife Refuge System includes areas administered for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, as well as wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, and waterfowl production areas.
892:
Through the Natural Heritage (Scotland) Act 1991 the Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) was established in 1992 as a government body, responsible to the Scottish Government Ministers and through them to the Scottish Parliament. At 31 March 2008, there were 65
1161:(MARENA) is in charge of environmental protection and of the study, planning, and management of Nicaragua's natural resources. Nearly one-fifth of the territory is designated as protected areas like national parks, nature reserves (including the
428:
Nature Conservancy Canada, Ducks Unlimited, and Escarpment Biosphere Conservancy, among others, protect nature reserves in Canada as well. As part of Canada's Ecological Gifts Program, these charities protect wilderness on privately owned lands.
1401:, was a sanctuary for wildlife, probably the first of its generation in the ancient world. According to stone inscriptions found in the vicinity, the king commanded the people not to harm animals or destroy trees within the area.
2104:
2056:
967:'s 18 biospheres extend over a total of 85,940 km (33,180 sq mi) and protect larger areas than typical national parks in other countries. The first national reserve of India was established in 1986.
1669:
1129:, a comparatively new concept in wildlife preservation, pioneered in New Zealand to help rebuild the populations of nearly extinct birds, and other species that are heavily threatened by introduced predators.
1860:
1124:
is specifically defined in the Reserves Act to mean a reserve that prioritizes the protection of rare flora and fauna, to the extent that public access is by permit only. Some of these reserves include
1216:
2464:
1094:
to different amenities such as scenery, recreation, flora and fauna, scientific value, or history. Land is often sub-categorised beneath its general classification, as defined in law between the
1090:, various types of conservation areas (including stewardship land that is yet to be officially classified), and seven specific types of "reserve", each of which prioritize various degrees of
600:) covering 6,845 km (2,643 sq mi), the largest total areas being in Bavaria with 1,416 km (547 sq mi) and Lower Saxony with 1,275 km (492 sq mi).
1777:
519:. The first of them was established in 1909. There are almost 4,000 nature reserves in Sweden. They comprise about 85% of the surface that is protected by the Swedish Environmental Code.
499:
and several nature reserves, some of them inside the national park areas. The largest single reserve is Hanstholm Nature Reserve, which covers 40 km (9,900 acres) and is part of
248:
as "one of the first people anywhere to recognise not only that the natural world was of great importance but that it needed protection as humanity made more and more demands on it".
1861:"Brazil 2000. Federal Law Nº 9.985 of 07/18/2000. Regulates article 225 of the Federal Constitution and institutes the National System of Units of Conservation and other provisions"
2112:
898:
1642:
2048:
1385:, have been declared a special nature reserve. It is a highly protected area from which all human activity is excluded, except for conservation and scientific research.
1158:
1673:
1913:
778:
There are 4 biosphere reserves (two of them are dated 1927 and 1874) and 17 nature reserves in Ukraine, covering 160,000 ha (400,000 acres). Ukraine administers
365:
used in those states and territories rather than by a single national statute. As of 2016, 1767 out of a total of 11044 protected areas listed within the Australian
1270:
has in practice become a wildlife refuge since very few people live in the area. Wildlife has flourished in the zone since the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986.
930:
The biosphere reserves of Iran have a total land area of 1.64 million km. The "reserves" support more than 8,000 recorded species of plants (almost 2,421 are
3572:
1867:
1833:
1374:, Sanbona and Lalibela. The country currently has 20 national parks covering 3,700,000 ha (37,000 km), about 3% of the total area of South Africa.
1359:
1016:
378:
673:
2371:
1137:
902:
1930:
1769:
1328:
South Africa is well known for its many nature reserves. The oldest nature reserve in the country (and oldest conservation area in the world) is the
1255:
era. There are also natural protected areas where only certain species are protected, or only certain activities are prohibited; those are known as
323:
monitors and aids in various facilities to care for exotic wildlife. The number of sanctuaries has substantially increased over the past few years.
1452:
1433:
1429:
1323:
2296:
889:
in East Sussex, where a network of footpaths enables visitors to explore shingle, saltmarsh, saline lagoon, reedbed, and grazing marsh habitats.
2000:
2405:
1113:
1812:
1704:
1574:
1102:
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Cultural practices that roughly equate to the establishment and maintenance of reserved areas for animals date back to antiquity, with King
2326:
1894:
1511:
1472:
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and enacted in California state law in 1870 as the first government owned refuge. The first federally owned refuge in the United States is
1247:) in Russia, covering some 330,000 km (130,000 sq mi), or about 1.4% of the country's total area. A few of them predate the
1747:
810:
767:
536:
1145:
is the second largest rainforest in the Western Hemisphere, after the Amazonian Rainforest in Brazil. Located northeast of the city of
1616:
1182:
firefighter Kevin Michael Shea, who purchased 46 acres (0.19 km) of land for the purpose of restoring the ecological system of a
894:
677:
663:
1646:
3287:
2266:
2155:
1079:
779:
624:
547:
496:
2178:
1075:
2911:
1566:
1175:
567:
516:
913:
2364:
1421:
761:
571:
38:
421:
The Niagara Escarpment and the St. Lawrence River in Ontario are among the 18 nature reserves recognized by UNESCO in Canada.
1722:
1371:
1070:
829:. Nearly every rural county has at least one. Many national nature reserves contain nationally important populations of rare
320:
134:
2235:
1910:
3577:
2428:
1087:
766:
There are 15 National Parks, and around 90 Natural Parks in Spain. Spain is the country with the most sites listed in the
667:
3450:
2980:
2815:
1348:
1319:
1301:
1166:
1162:
1142:
346:
214:
3304:
1468:
1352:
959:
720:
394:
382:
251:
218:
200:
31:
1347:, which was announced in 1898, and is the largest, at nearly 2,000,000 ha (20,000 km). The Kruger Park and
550:, more than 100 nature reserves, and around 130 landscape protection areas. The largest nature reserve in Estonia is
3437:
3321:
3265:
2357:
2147:
1464:
1061:) in Kyrgyzstan covering 600,000 hectares (6,000 km) or about three percent of the total area of the country.
925:
743:
628:
332:
1931:
https://web.archive.org/web/20171020083934/http://www.landscapeonline.de/wp-content/uploads/DOI103097-LO201545.pdf
1839:
748:
About 5.18% of the area of Romania has a protected status (12,360 km (4,770 sq mi)), including the
2852:
1329:
1220:
1020:
1006:
976:
690:
645:
551:
406:
262:
51:
3562:
3552:
2837:
1437:
1267:
1091:
55:
46:
254:
was protected as the first state-designated nature reserve in modern-day Germany; the site was bought by the
3567:
3012:
2901:
1496:
1237:
866:
366:
278:
203:. He spent £9000 on the construction of a three-mile long, 9 ft tall wall to enclose his park against
137:
depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a
3415:
3258:
3130:
2026:
1934:
1337:
266:
146:
1981:
813:
with a total area of 879 km (339 sq mi). The reserves are scattered through England, from
3212:
3207:
3002:
2943:
1378:
1367:
1308:
1187:
1108:
862:
409:
is also protected, and hunting is not allowed, but products and by-products from research may be sold.
299:
2288:
3406:
3378:
3343:
3270:
3070:
3007:
2825:
2646:
1344:
877:
704:
483:
459:
118:
2078:
1409:
3401:
3309:
3297:
3187:
3140:
2948:
2871:
2597:
2388:
2024:
List of Protected areas in Mainland Portugal, Portuguese Forest and Nature Conservation Institute:
1802:
1594:
1183:
727:
659:
633:
398:
386:
270:
1023:, in 1975. The primary purpose was to create means to breed endangered species, specifically: the
575:
3500:
3411:
3396:
3326:
3282:
3172:
2758:
2663:
2418:
1484:
1456:
1248:
700:
596:
245:
181:
2318:
1891:
1283:
315:
There are several national and international organizations that oversee the numerous non-profit
3557:
3383:
2847:
2753:
2726:
2573:
2523:
2459:
2413:
2204:
2151:
1992:
1953:
1700:
1570:
1535:
1523:
1195:
1126:
1096:
500:
358:
169:
1739:
3495:
3333:
3292:
3275:
3162:
3060:
2592:
2496:
2380:
1529:
1290:
1228:
886:
795:
655:
316:
196:
161:
1620:
3459:
3350:
3316:
3202:
3182:
3092:
2741:
2707:
2641:
2438:
2423:
1966:
1917:
1898:
1726:
1048:
897:
with a total area of approximately 1,330 km (510 sq mi). Section 21 of the
608:
591:
350:
308:
282:
233:
229:
2295:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, Division of Refuge Planning, Mountain-Prairie Region.
2258:
2049:"Áreas protegidas e Rede Natura ocupavam quase um quarto de Portugal continental em 2010"
129:
institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research
1463:
campaign to improve the country. At the time, setting aside land for wildlife was not a
695:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3391:
3248:
3167:
3152:
3147:
3099:
2987:
2783:
2731:
2714:
2548:
2174:
1448:
1382:
1199:
1120:
Although the most public land is strongly protected for natural preservation, the term
1036:
858:
818:
617:
342:
304:
98:
782:, 2632 habitat management areas, 3025 nature monuments, and 1430 other preservations.
3546:
3512:
3355:
3192:
3082:
3039:
2820:
2697:
2583:
2533:
2397:
1483:
maintained at the sole cost of the proprietor, such as the 1,800 acres (730 ha)
651:
532:
244:
from Italy. Waterton allowed local people access to his reserve and was described by
3536:
3524:
3157:
3115:
2891:
2842:
2778:
2634:
2538:
1444:
1413:
1363:
1252:
1024:
882:
854:
749:
319:
and refuges to provide a general system for sanctuaries to follow. Among them, the
1719:
1697:
Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation, and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia
207:. He tried to encourage bird life by planting trees and hollowing out trunks for
30:"Biological reserve" redirects here. For use of the term specific to Brazil, see
3253:
3197:
3019:
2997:
2992:
2859:
2736:
2702:
2690:
2578:
2501:
2227:
1517:
1476:
1460:
1436:, is responsible for managing many of the federal nature reserves including the
1171:
1015:. In 1966 the organization that would later start Jordan's nature reserves, the
842:
814:
474:
463:
237:
138:
130:
37:"Biosphere reserve" redirects here. For use of the term specific to UNESCO, see
3471:
157:
3360:
3177:
3135:
3077:
3046:
2685:
2617:
2555:
2528:
2491:
1503:
1211:
822:
527:
443:
287:
241:
189:
126:
114:
1996:
1443:
The first North American wildlife refuge, Lake Merritt Wildlife sanctuary at
446:(35,600 square kilometres (13,700 sq mi)) in the southeast, on the
3531:
3243:
3125:
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2906:
2795:
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2607:
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1398:
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1032:
947:
870:
479:
338:
291:
set up by a federal government entirely for the scientific study of nature.
177:
173:
17:
3519:
1351:
are two of South Africa's most visited tourist attractions, along with the
1311:
has a concentration of plants that is greater than anywhere else on earth.
1266:
Unofficial sanctuaries can also occur as a result of human accidents; the
3370:
2938:
2864:
2805:
2800:
2748:
2658:
2629:
2622:
2612:
2543:
2517:
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2505:
1362:, including four natural sites and one mixed site. And it has provincial
1333:
1146:
1028:
931:
826:
799:
613:
354:
225:
204:
193:
122:
117:
or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of
3507:
3238:
3034:
3029:
2975:
2881:
2810:
2653:
2454:
1475:
to further support the needs of the National Wildlife Refuge System in
985:
943:
791:
587:
540:
462:
in northern Eritrea specifically to protect significant populations of
447:
362:
255:
188:
The world's first modern nature reserve was established in 1821 by the
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3052:
2876:
2832:
2680:
2478:
2143:
1808:
1417:
1012:
981:
939:
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gives local authorities the exclusive statutory power to establish a
846:
830:
563:
512:
274:
2349:
752:, which makes up half of this area (2.43% of Romania's total area).
2177:. Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan. 31 March 1995.
3120:
2960:
2886:
2673:
1408:
1215:
1136:
1074:
964:
912:
803:
694:
672:
627:, more than 15 nature reserves and more than 250 protected areas.
607:
526:
473:
438:
298:
213:
156:
110:
106:
102:
45:
27:
Protected area for flora, fauna or features of geological interest
3065:
2921:
2916:
2896:
2770:
2721:
2565:
2109:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
1191:
1179:
935:
917:
850:
838:
834:
2353:
2034:
1776:. Australian Government – Department of the Environment. 2014.
3024:
2668:
1541:
1343:
The country has many national parks but the best-known is the
208:
1670:"Sir David Attenborough will open city centre's new museum"
1532: – Place where an organism is protected from predation
141:. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as
1770:"Terrestrial Protected Areas in Australia by Type (2014)"
1086:
New Zealand has a variety of types of reserve, including
2082:
1590:
1467:
right of the president. In 2006, a bi-partisan group of
790:
There are some differences between the regulations for
486:, an early Bulgarian nature reserve established in 1934
442:
of those areas. The largest nature reserve in Egypt is
361:. The term "nature reserve" is defined in the relevant
149:
in legislation and in official titles of the reserves.
185:
hunting are known by many ancient cultures worldwide.
3448:
1242:
1174:
Private Wildlife Reserve, was established within the
899:
National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949
258:
State in 1836 to protect it from further quarrying.
3369:
3227:
3108:
2968:
2959:
2769:
2564:
2477:
2447:
2396:
2387:
1526: – A forest which protects from natural hazard
425:habitat, and the remainder is terrestrial habitat.
2200:
1047:By the end of 2009 there were 10 nature reserves (
121:and to provide special opportunities for study or
1591:"Sri Lanka Wildlife Conservation Society (SLWCS)"
1332:that was established in 1892 in the capital city
1159:Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources
377:In Brazil, nature reserves are classified by the
1838:, ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, archived from
1538: – Connecting wild territories for animals
1251:of 1917, but most have been created during the
369:used the term "nature reserve" in their names.
180:Wildlife sanctuary,one of the world's earliest
2259:"Mihintale – The first sanctuary in the world"
1699:. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 29.
1307:With ≈9000 plant species found in ≈78km², the
458:On 16 March 1959, the British established the
2365:
1381:, which are South African territories in the
711:As of 2011, Poland has 1469 nature reserves.
341:, a nature reserve is the title of a type of
164:established the first nature reserve in 1821.
8:
1991:. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny: 277.
1056:
1017:Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature
379:National System of Nature Conservation Units
240:; and unsuccessfully attempted to introduce
554:, which covers 342 km (85,000 acres).
3231:
2965:
2393:
2372:
2358:
2350:
1165:), and biological reserves. Nicaragua has
1797:
1795:
809:At the end of March 2004, there were 215
1508:, a proposal to increase global coverage
3455:
2136:קום התהלך בארץ: מדריך שמורות טבע בישראל
1554:
1453:Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge
1324:List of protected areas of South Africa
997:prefectural nature conservation areas.
881:an important contribution to England's
1962:
1951:
1668:Wakefield Express (23 February 2013).
1340:and current Republic of South Africa.
1227:There are around 100 nature reserves (
133:. Nature reserves fall into different
2228:"Wildlife defies Chernobyl radiation"
2207:from the original on 18 December 2014
680:, one of two national parks in Kosovo
7:
3573:Types of formally designated forests
2238:from the original on 5 November 2017
2181:from the original on 30 January 2013
2059:from the original on 4 November 2016
2006:from the original on 20 October 2013
1750:from the original on 8 December 2019
1597:from the original on 28 October 2011
1512:National Wildlife Refuge Association
1473:Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus
2319:"Lake Merritt – Wildlife Sanctuary"
2201:"O Parks, WildLife, and Recreation"
1194:provides a private nature reserve,
1112:. Under these classifications, the
1011:There are seven nature reserves in
811:national nature reserves in England
768:World Network of Biosphere Reserves
303:A forest of the Aulanko Reserve in
261:The first major nature reserve was
2329:from the original on 26 April 2012
2299:from the original on 11 April 2017
2142:] (in Hebrew) (2nd ed.).
2079:"Scottish National Heritage (SNH)"
1544: – Collection of wild animals
1514: – US non-profit organization
25:
2226:Mulvey, Stephen (20 April 2006).
1815:from the original on 13 July 2016
1080:Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park
895:Scottish national nature reserves
703:, a famous nature reserve in the
345:used in the jurisdictions of the
3530:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3433:
3432:
2269:from the original on 7 June 2011
1506: – 2016 book by E.O. Wilson
1300:
1282:
1176:Mesoamerican Biological Corridor
806:, which are separately managed.
437:There are 30 nature reserves in
1780:from the original on 7 May 2015
1563:The National Atlas of Sri Lanka
1438:National Wildlife Refuge System
762:List of national parks of Spain
678:Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park
664:Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park
39:Man and the Biosphere Programme
2175:"Nature Conservation in Japan"
1744:Yellowstone Wildlife Sanctuary
1643:"Charles Waterton (1782–1865)"
1430:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1071:Protected areas of New Zealand
1039:in their natural environment.
905:in consultation with the SNH.
726:classified as nature reserve (
321:American Sanctuary Association
1:
2257:LankaLibrary (11 June 2006).
920:, a biosphere reserve in Iran
668:Sharr Mountains National Park
537:Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve
224:Waterton invented artificial
2398:Pollution / quality
2134:Hareuveni, Imanuel (1985).
1349:Table Mountain National Park
1320:South African National Parks
849:, and nesting and wintering
347:Australian Capital Territory
125:. They may be designated by
2111:. June 2015. Archived from
1695:Weiner, Douglas R. (1988).
1520: – Type of designation
1469:US House of Representatives
1353:Addo Elephant National Park
1293:in the Kruger National Park
1243:
1141:Peñas Blancas, part of the
1057:
960:Biosphere reserves of India
721:Protected areas of Portugal
590:had 5,314 nature reserves (
219:Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)
201:Walton Hall, West Yorkshire
32:Biological reserve (Brazil)
3594:
2148:Israel Ministry of Defense
2105:"Islamic Republic of Iran"
1428:In the United States, the
1317:
1209:
1149:in Northeastern Nicaragua.
1114:Department of Conservation
1103:National Parks Act of 1980
1068:
1004:
974:
957:
926:Biosphere reserves of Iran
923:
887:Rye Harbour Nature Reserve
853:. Examples include unique
759:
744:Protected areas of Romania
741:
718:
688:
643:
407:wildlife reserve in Brazil
333:Nature reserve (Australia)
330:
143:ecological protection area
36:
29:
3428:
3234:
2969:Types / location
2140:Nature Reserves in Israel
1982:"Ochrona środowiska 2012"
1911:"Sveriges nationalparker"
1892:"Sveriges nationalparker"
1434:Secretary of the Interior
1358:South Africa also has 10
1330:Groenkloof Nature Reserve
1260:
1232:
1221:South Ural Nature Reserve
1163:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve
1143:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve
1052:
1021:Shaumari Wildlife Reserve
1007:Nature reserves in Jordan
977:Nature reserves of Israel
876:There are now over 1,050
863:snake's head fritillaries
691:Nature reserves in Poland
662:. The national parks are
654:, 11 nature reserves, 99
646:Protected areas of Kosovo
552:Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve
263:Yellowstone National Park
52:Jefferson Memorial Forest
2135:
1980:Dariusz Bochenek (ed.).
1901:, Retrieved 16 July 2021
1499: – Forest in France
1471:members established the
1422:UNESCO biosphere reserve
1268:Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
1109:Conservation Act of 1987
95:nature conservation area
56:National Audubon Society
1920:, Retrieved 14 May 2016
1497:Forest of Fontainebleau
1459:in 1903 as part of his
1455:and was established by
1289:Matjulu waterhole near
867:North Meadow, Cricklade
650:In Kosovo, there are 2
636:since 1 December 1999.
629:Hortobágy National Park
367:National Reserve System
279:Barguzin Nature Reserve
1725:29 August 2021 at the
1425:
1420:, United States, is a
1338:South African Republic
1224:
1150:
1083:
988:(the Shomron, 13.5%).
921:
731:
708:
681:
623:In Hungary, there are
620:
595:
546:In Estonia, there are
543:
487:
402:
390:
312:
267:Wyoming, United States
221:
165:
147:private protected area
59:
50:Bee Lick Creek in the
1720:Directions to Aulanko
1617:"Walton Hall history"
1447:, was established by
1412:
1379:Prince Edward Islands
1309:Cape Floristic Region
1219:
1188:Nicaraguan Revolution
1186:, ravaged during the
1140:
1078:
946:, and 375 species of
916:
878:local nature reserves
698:
676:
611:
572:regional nature parks
530:
477:
302:
277:, Australia, and the
217:
199:around his estate in
160:
49:
3578:Wildlife sanctuaries
3344:remnant natural area
2981:storage and recovery
2647:habitat conservation
2465:Deforestation (REDD)
1569:. 2007. p. 86.
1567:Department of Survey
1360:World Heritage Sites
1345:Kruger National Park
1097:Reserves Act of 1977
903:local nature reserve
885:. A good example is
660:protected landscapes
612:Nature reserve near
497:three national parks
484:Bistrishko Branishte
460:Yob Wildlife Reserve
182:wildlife sanctuaries
3298:Earth Overshoot Day
2872:Marine conservation
2853:non-timber products
2055:. 12 January 2012.
2037:on 4 November 2016.
1916:4 June 2016 at the
1897:10 May 2021 at the
1676:on 26 February 2013
1649:on 17 December 2013
1184:dry tropical forest
634:World Heritage Site
548:five national parks
403:reservas biológicas
395:biological reserves
391:estações ecológicas
383:ecological stations
271:Royal National Park
3283:Ecosystem services
2406:Ambient standards
2263:LankaLibrary Forum
2027:"Áreas Protegidas"
1989:Ochrona Środowiska
1940:on 20 October 2017
1842:on 23 October 2018
1835:Ecological Station
1729:- Nationalparks.fi
1485:Wilbur Hot Springs
1457:Theodore Roosevelt
1426:
1249:October Revolution
1225:
1167:78 protected areas
1151:
1127:Ecological Islands
1084:
934:), 502 species of
922:
709:
701:Szczeliniec Wielki
682:
621:
597:Naturschutzgebiete
544:
488:
317:animal sanctuaries
313:
269:, followed by the
246:David Attenborough
222:
166:
101:of importance for
60:
3446:
3445:
3424:
3423:
3223:
3222:
2902:genetic resources
2838:genetic resources
2473:
2472:
2381:Natural resources
1961:Missing or empty
1807:(in Portuguese),
1706:978-0-8229-5733-1
1623:on 20 August 2010
1576:978-955-9059-04-2
1536:Wildlife corridor
1524:Protection forest
1432:, managed by the
1241:
1196:wildlife corridor
942:, 209 species of
938:, 164 species of
861:and the field of
780:40 national parks
705:Stołowe Mountains
656:natural monuments
625:10 national parks
568:10 national parks
517:30 national parks
501:Thy National Park
359:Western Australia
170:Devanampiya Tissa
113:, or features of
79:biosphere reserve
66:(also known as a
16:(Redirected from
3585:
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3334:Natural heritage
3293:overexploitation
3232:
2966:
2912:herbal medicines
2892:FAO Plant Treaty
2432:
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2085:on 18 March 2010
2081:. Archived from
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2033:. Archived from
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2005:
1986:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1933:. Archived from
1927:
1921:
1908:
1902:
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1873:on 30 March 2013
1872:
1866:. Archived from
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1672:. Archived from
1665:
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1656:
1654:
1645:. Archived from
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1619:. Archived from
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1565:(2nd ed.).
1559:
1530:Refuge (ecology)
1393:The area around
1304:
1286:
1262:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1060:
1054:
796:Northern Ireland
533:Tarvasjõgi river
295:Around the world
234:western jackdaws
197:Charles Waterton
162:Charles Waterton
21:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3584:
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3563:Protected areas
3553:Nature reserves
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3493:
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3385:
3365:
3351:Systems ecology
3317:Natural capital
3219:
3104:
3093:reclaimed water
2955:
2917:UPOV Convention
2765:
2560:
2469:
2443:
2439:Ozone depletion
2430:
2407:
2383:
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2323:City of Oakland
2317:
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2150:. p. 482.
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2019:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1984:
1979:
1978:
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1950:
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1918:Wayback Machine
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1899:Wayback Machine
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1740:"Accreditation"
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1727:Wayback Machine
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351:New South Wales
335:
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309:Tavastia Proper
297:
285:, the first of
283:Imperial Russia
155:
135:IUCN categories
91:nature preserve
68:wildlife refuge
58:wildlife refuge
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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3568:Regional parks
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3386:(perpetuation)
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2816:climate change
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2784:Bioprospecting
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1449:Samuel Merritt
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1383:Southern Ocean
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1207:
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1200:carbon credits
1134:
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1122:nature reserve
1088:national parks
1082:in New Zealand
1069:Main article:
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2584:peak farmland
2582:
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2180:
2176:
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2167:
2163:
2159:
2157:965-05-0193-2
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2130:
2127:
2115:on 7 May 2021
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2084:
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2074:
2071:
2058:
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2050:
2044:
2041:
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2032:
2028:
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2018:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1976:
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1968:
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1936:
1932:
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1411:
1405:United States
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:game reserves
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1310:
1303:
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1218:
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1201:
1198:and verified
1197:
1193:
1189:
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1177:
1173:
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1123:
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1038:
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933:
927:
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906:
904:
900:
896:
890:
888:
884:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:alpine plants
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
785:
783:
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773:
771:
769:
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755:
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745:
737:
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733:
729:
722:
714:
712:
706:
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697:
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684:
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619:
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581:
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569:
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557:
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542:
538:
534:
529:
522:
520:
518:
514:
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504:
502:
498:
490:
485:
481:
476:
469:
467:
466:in the area.
465:
461:
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430:
426:
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352:
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326:
324:
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318:
310:
306:
301:
294:
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290:
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284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
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243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
220:
216:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
186:
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179:
176:establishing
175:
171:
163:
159:
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150:
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140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
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100:
96:
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88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3414: /
3338:
3288:Exploitation
3173:Conservation
3116:Desalination
3051:
2944:conservation
2779:Biodiversity
2727:conservation
2574:Agricultural
2502:Fossil fuels
2331:. Retrieved
2322:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2292:
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2262:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2231:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2195:
2185:24 September
2183:. Retrieved
2169:
2161:
2139:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2113:the original
2108:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:the original
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2052:
2043:
2035:the original
2030:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
1988:
1975:
1963:|title=
1942:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1925:
1906:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1868:the original
1855:
1844:, retrieved
1840:the original
1834:
1828:
1817:, retrieved
1803:
1784:15 September
1782:. Retrieved
1773:
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1715:
1696:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1674:the original
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1647:the original
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:the original
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1585:
1562:
1557:
1502:
1481:
1445:Lake Merritt
1442:
1427:
1414:Cascade Head
1392:
1376:
1357:
1342:
1327:
1274:South Africa
1265:
1256:
1253:Soviet Union
1226:
1152:
1121:
1119:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1085:
1046:
1025:Arabian oryx
1010:
995:
980:
963:
929:
891:
883:biodiversity
875:
808:
789:
777:
765:
750:Danube Delta
747:
724:
710:
707:in SW Poland
649:
622:
585:
576:marine parks
570:, around 50
562:As of 2017,
561:
545:
515:, there are
510:
495:Denmark has
494:
457:
436:
427:
423:
420:
411:
376:
336:
314:
286:
260:
250:
238:sand martins
223:
211:to nest in.
187:
167:
142:
131:institutions
119:conservation
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
61:
43:
18:Natural area
3501:Environment
3407:Nationalism
3379:Common-pool
3020:Hydrosphere
3013:remediation
2998:Groundwater
2593:Degradation
2333:22 December
2293:www.fws.gov
2242:13 December
2119:19 December
2010:29 December
1944:16 December
1754:26 February
1627:17 December
1518:Nature park
1461:Square Deal
1336:in the old
1291:Berg-en-dal
1178:by retired
1172:El Ostional
1065:New Zealand
948:butterflies
843:butterflies
815:Lindisfarne
618:Lake Naplás
480:stone river
464:Nubian ibex
305:Hämeenlinna
288:zapovedniks
252:Drachenfels
242:little owls
139:nature park
3547:Categories
3402:Extraction
3361:Wilderness
3322:accounting
3305:Management
3271:ecological
3259:tragedy of
3178:Peak water
3163:Efficiency
3136:Sanitation
3078:Stormwater
3071:harvesting
3047:Irrigation
2949:management
2907:gene banks
2848:management
2826:management
2742:resilience
2708:phosphorus
2664:industrial
2642:Management
2618:soundscape
2524:Geothermal
2289:"Glossary"
2211:17 October
2089:27 October
2063:1 November
1804:Categorias
1774:CAPAD 2014
1601:27 October
1549:References
1504:Half-Earth
1366:including
1259:(Russian:
1244:zapovednik
1233:заповедник
1212:Zapovednik
1106:, and the
1092:protection
1043:Kyrgyzstan
845:and other
823:The Lizard
760:See also:
728:Portuguese
616:, next to
478:A bridged
444:Gebel Elba
399:Portuguese
387:Portuguese
331:See also:
226:nest boxes
190:naturalist
127:government
115:geological
83:bioreserve
3412:Renewable
3397:Depletion
3384:Conflict
3266:Economics
3244:enclosure
3203:Resources
3183:Pollution
3100:Watershed
3003:pollution
2934:Seed bank
2929:Rangeland
2811:Fisheries
2796:Biosphere
2789:biopiracy
2732:fertility
2608:cityscape
2603:Landscape
2510:peak coal
2497:Resources
2448:Emissions
2273:10 August
1997:0867-3217
1680:24 August
1399:Sri Lanka
1395:Mihintale
1389:Sri Lanka
1372:Londolozi
1238:romanized
1223:in Russia
1155:Nicaragua
1133:Nicaragua
1033:ostriches
871:Wiltshire
339:Australia
327:Australia
311:, Finland
230:starlings
228:to house
178:Mihintale
174:Sri Lanka
75:sanctuary
3558:Land use
3438:Category
3371:Resource
3310:adaptive
3208:improved
3168:Conflict
3153:Security
3148:Scarcity
3141:improved
3131:Leaching
3008:recharge
2988:Drinking
2939:Wildlife
2806:Bushmeat
2801:Bushfood
2754:planning
2659:gemstone
2654:Minerals
2635:property
2623:viewshed
2613:seascape
2544:sunlight
2518:peak oil
2514:peak gas
2327:Archived
2303:10 April
2297:Archived
2267:Archived
2236:Archived
2232:BBC News
2205:Archived
2179:Archived
2057:Archived
2001:Archived
1954:cite web
1914:Archived
1895:Archived
1877:15 March
1846:30 April
1813:archived
1778:Archived
1748:Archived
1723:Archived
1595:Archived
1491:See also
1477:Congress
1368:Shamwari
1334:Pretoria
1261:заказник
1257:zakaznik
1147:Jinotega
1029:gazelles
944:reptiles
827:Cornwall
800:Scotland
715:Portugal
699:Path on
614:Budapest
586:In 1995
574:, and 8
363:statutes
355:Tasmania
256:Prussian
205:poachers
194:explorer
123:research
72:wildlife
3489:Ecology
3477:Biology
3465:Animals
3451:Portals
3239:Commons
3228:Related
3193:Quality
3109:Aspects
3035:glacial
2976:Aquifer
2882:Pasture
2833:Forests
2759:reserve
2534:Nuclear
2504: (
2460:Trading
2455:Airshed
2053:PÚBLICO
1819:16 July
1653:29 June
1240::
1229:Russian
986:Samaria
940:mammals
932:endemic
847:insects
831:flowers
792:England
774:Ukraine
738:Romania
604:Hungary
588:Germany
582:Germany
566:counts
541:Estonia
523:Estonia
491:Denmark
454:Eritrea
450:coast.
448:Red Sea
153:History
97:) is a
87:natural
3513:Plants
3249:global
3213:policy
3158:Supply
3121:Floods
3088:Sewage
3061:Marine
3053:huerta
2887:Plants
2877:Meadow
2737:health
2715:rights
2703:copper
2681:mining
2579:arable
2479:Energy
2419:Indoor
2154:
2144:Israel
1995:
1809:ICMBio
1703:
1573:
1418:Oregon
1206:Russia
1190:. The
1157:, the
1100:, the
1049:Kyrgyz
1035:, and
1013:Jordan
1001:Jordan
982:Israel
971:Israel
839:mosses
685:Poland
658:and 3
640:Kosovo
592:German
564:France
558:France
513:Sweden
507:Sweden
470:Europe
417:Canada
373:Brazil
275:Sydney
3537:Water
3525:Trees
3392:Curse
3198:Right
3040:polar
3030:bergs
2993:Fresh
2961:Water
2674:metal
2598:Field
2549:shade
2539:Solar
2529:Hydro
2414:Index
2138:[
2004:(PDF)
1985:(PDF)
1938:(PDF)
1871:(PDF)
1864:(PDF)
1058:koruk
1053:корук
992:Japan
965:India
954:India
936:birds
851:birds
835:ferns
804:Wales
756:Spain
439:Egypt
433:Egypt
393:) or
273:near
111:funga
107:fauna
103:flora
93:, or
3327:good
3276:land
3254:land
3066:Rain
2922:wood
2897:food
2860:Game
2771:Life
2722:Soil
2698:peak
2691:sand
2566:Land
2556:Wind
2431:(US)
2408:(US)
2335:2011
2305:2017
2275:2011
2244:2017
2213:2014
2187:2012
2152:ISBN
2121:2020
2091:2011
2065:2016
2031:INCF
2012:2012
1993:ISSN
1967:help
1946:2023
1879:2020
1848:2016
1821:2016
1786:2015
1756:2020
1701:ISBN
1682:2014
1655:2014
1629:2012
1603:2011
1571:ISBN
1377:The
1322:and
1192:park
1180:FDNY
918:Dena
909:Iran
837:and
802:and
666:and
531:The
357:and
236:and
209:owls
192:and
54:, a
3126:Law
3025:Ice
2865:law
2843:law
2821:law
2749:Use
2686:law
2669:ore
2630:Law
2506:gas
2492:Law
2487:Bio
2424:Law
2389:Air
1542:Zoo
1263:).
1153:In
865:at
857:at
825:in
821:to
817:in
734:).
539:in
535:at
511:In
482:in
381:as
337:In
281:of
265:in
172:of
145:or
89:or
81:or
3549::
2516:,
2512:,
2508:,
2325:.
2321:.
2291:.
2265:.
2261:.
2234:.
2230:.
2203:.
2160:.
2146::
2107:.
2051:.
2029:.
1999:.
1987:.
1958::
1956:}}
1952:{{
1811:,
1794:^
1772:.
1746:.
1742:.
1593:.
1487:.
1479:.
1416:,
1397:,
1370:,
1355:.
1235:,
1231::
1202:.
1055:,
1051::
1031:,
1027:,
950:.
873:.
869:,
841:,
833:,
798:,
794:,
770:.
730::
670:.
594::
578:.
503:.
401::
389::
353:,
349:,
307:,
232:,
109:,
105:,
85:,
77:,
70:,
62:A
3453::
2520:)
2373:e
2366:t
2359:v
2337:.
2307:.
2277:.
2246:.
2215:.
2189:.
2123:.
2093:.
2067:.
2014:.
1969:)
1965:(
1948:.
1881:.
1788:.
1758:.
1709:.
1684:.
1657:.
1631:.
1605:.
1579:.
1424:.
397:(
385:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
