57:
492:
586:
244:
568:
of the natural environment is well developed and various organisations play an important role in the stewardship of the country's flora and fauna. Many agencies in the UK are concerned that climate change, especially its potential effects on mountain
2271:
455:
Scotland’s seas are among the most biologically productive in the world; it is estimated that the total number of
Scottish marine species exceeds 40,000. Included in the country's ocean inventory are the
275:. The total number of vascular species is low by world standard but lichens and bryophytes are abundant and the latter form a population of global importance. Various populations of rare
216:
109:
464:
live in
Scottish rivers. Of the 42 species of fish found in the country's fresh waters, half have arrived by natural colonisation and half by human introduction.
306:. In addition to the native varieties of vascular plants there are numerous non-native introductions, now believed to make up some 43% of the species in the country.
1976:
1638:
637:
2266:
1729:
337:
flowering plants and there are a variety of endemic mosses and lichens. Numerous references to the country's flora appear in folklore, song and poetry.
1232:
150:
2114:
279:
exist, although the impact of 19th century collectors threatened the existence of several species. The flora is generally typical of the north west
1609:
870:
92:
1739:
1490:
479:(UK). An estimated 14,000 species of insect, including rare bees and butterflies protected by conservation action plans inhabit Scotland.
209:
1653:
1463:
1336:
851:
828:
2378:
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2028:
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155:
2204:
2008:
1904:
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1326:
1864:
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1986:
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1648:
1565:
1371:
1291:
804:
790:
776:
762:
748:
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692:
557:
known, at up to 20 centimetres (8 in) across and was the first xenophyophore ever to be described after its discovery in 1882.
202:
2241:
460:, are an important area of cold water coral reefs discovered in 1988. Inland, nearly 400 genetically distinct populations of
1316:
1301:
1281:
961:
908:
2310:
1668:
1458:
1341:
171:
2078:
1749:
1485:
1475:
2320:
1824:
1774:
1696:
1311:
1225:
2068:
1971:
1918:
1869:
1829:
1626:
1604:
1271:
2278:
2214:
2073:
2018:
1480:
1470:
1443:
1286:
160:
2209:
2003:
1711:
1705:
1555:
1500:
1381:
653:
166:
42:
1094:
J. Alan Hughes & Andrew J. Gooday (2004). "Associations between living benthic foraminifera and dead tests of
2288:
2283:
1965:
1633:
1448:
538:
248:
82:
56:
2219:
2199:
2134:
2048:
1981:
1939:
1899:
1854:
1719:
1621:
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1218:
642:
1165:
2194:
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130:
87:
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2119:
1959:
1884:
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1403:
1391:
665:
598:
565:
2053:
867:
2300:
2246:
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1678:
1673:
1537:
1519:
1331:
1276:
468:
1145:
2343:
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2038:
2033:
2013:
1931:
1879:
1844:
1797:
1643:
1575:
1545:
1433:
1413:
1366:
1306:
1296:
1263:
1253:
670:
647:
848:
2261:
2124:
1991:
1764:
1759:
1701:
1614:
1438:
1361:
1346:
1150:
435:
423:
326:
1205:
2352:
2305:
2100:
2063:
2058:
2043:
2023:
1849:
1754:
1744:
1453:
1428:
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72:
1023:
2156:
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1954:
1814:
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360:
292:
284:
1124:
See for example
Johnston, I. (29.11.2006) "Sea change as plankton head north'". Edinburgh.
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1779:
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874:
855:
461:
415:
330:
123:
993:
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1129:
621:
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476:
322:
318:
264:
1132:'s concern that global warming will "kill billions" of people over the coming century.
491:
2372:
2185:
1949:
1889:
1858:
1734:
1079:
1054:
968:
912:
542:
457:
449:
1944:
1894:
1839:
1408:
713:
Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and
History, 8000 BC - AD 1000
527:
472:
419:
399:
388:
809:
379:
environments support 62 species of wild mammals, including a population of
310:
1074:
1351:
1111:
594:
590:
442:
403:
368:
1688:
625:
602:
384:
376:
314:
272:
252:
1998:
1769:
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613:
546:
439:
411:
395:
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372:
334:
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288:
32:
2107:
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303:
243:
886:
2095:
609:
427:
364:
356:
280:
268:
28:
1210:
994:"Protecting and Promoting Scotland's Freshwater Fish and Fisheries"
1200:
1170:
584:
523:
242:
24:
20:
407:
309:
There are a variety of important trees species and specimens; a
276:
1214:
1185:
628:
waters. Other places which exhibit
Scottish wildlife include:
486:
263:
is an assemblage of native plant species including over 1,600
1098:(Xenophyophorea) in the Darwin Mounds region (NE Atlantic)".
406:, live here, and the country has internationally significant
868:"Natural Heritage Trends. Species diversity: plant species"
1180:
1175:
1155:
1035:"Endangered fungus at Ayr Gorge Woodlands". (March 2008)
1160:
577:
life, threaten much of the flora and fauna of
Scotland.
1191:
Loch Lomond & The
Trossachs National Park Authority
1100:
Deep-Sea
Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
821:
A History of the Native
Woodlands of Scotland 1500-1920
769:
Island on the Edge of the World: the Story of St. Kilda
711:
Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003)
503:
1195:
1075:"Zoologger: 'Living beach ball' is giant single cell"
2232:
2180:
2142:
2133:
1930:
1917:
1796:
1687:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1390:
1262:
933:
Fraser
Darling and Boyd (1969) pp. 7, 98–102.
819:Smout, T.C. MacDonald, R. and Watson, Fiona (2007)
624:in their natural environment on boat tours of the
298:(much reduced from its natural extent), heather
741:Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Ireland
467:Only six amphibians and four land reptiles are
530:is found in five or fewer 10 km squares.
1226:
727:Natural History in the Highlands and Islands.
210:
8:
911:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from
725:Fraser Darling, F. & Boyd, J.M. (1969)
638:Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
363:, although several of the country's larger
2139:
1927:
1923:
1802:
1533:
1524:
1396:
1233:
1219:
1211:
887:"LICHENS: Biodiversity & Conservation"
217:
203:
37:
1176:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
715:. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press.
475:live here that are otherwise rare in the
526:species are found in Scotland. The rare
841:
355:is generally typical of the north-west
49:
962:"RSPB Scotland Parliamentary Briefing"
325:may be the oldest tree in Europe. The
1073:Michael Marshall (February 3, 2010).
7:
1561:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
1166:Royal Zoological Society of Scotland
799:. Lanark. Colin Baxter Photography.
1171:Scotland's National Nature Reserves
1156:Joint Nature Conservation Committee
816:London. Eyre Methuen. SBN 413303802
1186:Cairngorms National Park Authority
14:
1987:Scottish Qualifications Authority
1724:Office of the Accountant of Court
1649:Member of the Scottish Parliament
795:Miles, H. and Jackman, B. (1991)
471:to Scotland, but many species of
814:The Islands of Western Scotland.
490:
422:has become a national icon, and
55:
1206:Butterfly Conservation Scotland
1014:Miles and Jackman (1991) p. 48.
522:Approximately 1,650 species of
823:. Edinburgh University Press.
581:Where to see Scottish wildlife
287:and prominent features of the
1:
889:RBGE. Retrieved 26 April 2008
781:Matthews, L. Harrison (1968)
654:Central Scotland Forest Trust
110:Special Areas of Conservation
1337:Colonisation of the Americas
1151:Forestry Commission Scotland
1026:SNH. Retrieved 26 April 2008
877:SNH. Retrieved 26 April 2008
858:SNH. Retrieved 26 April 2008
849:"Flowering Plants and Ferns"
2379:Natural history of Scotland
317:is the tallest tree in the
17:Natural history of Scotland
2395:
2009:Inventions and discoveries
1712:Supreme Courts of Scotland
561:Conservation organisations
344:
236:
2337:
2284:Scottish Episcopal Church
1966:Curriculum for Excellence
1926:
1805:
1399:
1249:
1146:Scottish Natural Heritage
1112:10.1016/j.dsr.2004.06.004
1096:Syringammina fragilissima
797:The Great Wood of Caledon
539:Syringammina fragilissima
383:and important numbers of
1720:High Court of Justiciary
771:. Edinburgh. Canongate.
767:MacLean, Charles (1972)
643:Cairngorms National Park
267:plants, more than 1,500
156:National nature reserves
50:Biodiversity of Scotland
2294:Free Church of Scotland
1581:International relations
1181:Scottish Seabird Centre
1161:Scottish Wildlife Trust
898:Matthews (1968) p. 254.
687:. London. Aurum Press.
608:It is possible to view
545:found off the coast of
131:Scottish Wildlife Trust
1875:Royal Bank of Scotland
1571:Great Seal of Scotland
967:. RSPB. Archived from
951:Gooders (1994) p. 273.
757:. Edinburgh. Birlinn.
743:. London. Kingfisher.
701:. London. Bloomsbury.
633:Highland Wildlife Park
605:
555:single-celled organism
256:
2172:British Sign Language
1639:Members of Parliament
1566:Deputy First Minister
1404:Anglo-Scottish border
1372:Industrial Revolution
1128:. This report quotes
974:on September 30, 2007
699:British Birds of Prey
697:Brown, Leslie (1989)
666:Geography of Scotland
599:Sgor an Lochain Uaine
588:
246:
172:National Scenic Areas
151:Local nature reserves
2115:World Heritage Sites
1312:Wars of Independence
996:. Scottish Executive
942:Benvie (1994) p. 12.
785:London. Bloomsbury.
729:London. Bloomsbury.
683:Benvie, Neil (2004)
553:. It is the largest
394:Many populations of
1905:International trade
1459:Mountains and hills
1367:Highland Clearances
1342:Glorious Revolution
1307:Davidian Revolution
1254:Outline of Scotland
1062:. October 24, 1998.
915:on 30 December 2006
753:Hull, Robin (2007)
739:Gooders, J. (1994)
685:Scotland's Wildlife
671:Geology of Scotland
648:Forestry Commission
528:Phelloden confluens
424:white-tailed eagles
371:in historic times.
251:Oak located in the
2262:Church of Scotland
2054:Royal National Mòd
1992:Education Scotland
1765:Scots property law
1760:College of Justice
1669:Secretary of State
1491:Biosphere reserves
1362:Lowland Clearances
1347:1707 Acts of Union
1050:"As large as life"
873:2008-12-01 at the
854:2008-03-21 at the
606:
502:. You can help by
436:Scottish crossbill
327:Shetland mouse-ear
257:
2366:
2365:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2321:Ethnic minorities
2279:Roman Catholicism
2228:
2227:
1913:
1912:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1775:Prison population
1755:Sheriff principal
1750:Solicitor General
1745:Procurator fiscal
1654:Political parties
1514:
1513:
1292:Early Middle Ages
1106:(11): 1741–1758.
1037:Scottish Wildlife
829:978-0-7486-3294-7
520:
519:
398:birds, including
353:fauna of Scotland
347:Fauna of Scotland
331:Scottish primrose
296:Caledonian forest
271:and nearly 1,000
261:flora of Scotland
239:Flora of Scotland
227:
226:
2386:
2346:
2267:General Assembly
2157:Scottish English
2152:Highland English
2140:
2029:Oldest buildings
1928:
1924:
1870:Renewable energy
1815:Bank of Scotland
1803:
1716:Court of Session
1697:Advocate General
1627:Military history
1605:Local government
1534:
1525:
1397:
1317:Late Middle Ages
1302:High Middle Ages
1235:
1228:
1221:
1212:
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924:
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920:
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896:
890:
884:
878:
865:
859:
846:
783:British Mammals.
755:Scottish Mammals
515:
512:
494:
487:
361:Palearctic realm
285:Palearctic realm
219:
212:
205:
59:
38:
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2325:
2224:
2176:
2162:Scottish Gaelic
2129:
2034:Performing arts
1909:
1784:
1780:Police Scotland
1683:
1664:Scotland Office
1510:
1471:Protected areas
1386:
1258:
1245:
1239:
1196:John Muir Trust
1142:
1137:
1136:
1123:
1119:
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875:Wayback Machine
866:
862:
856:Wayback Machine
847:
843:
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833:
679:
662:
583:
563:
536:
534:Micro-organisms
516:
510:
507:
500:needs expansion
485:
462:Atlantic Salmon
416:northern gannet
402:and the famous
367:were hunted to
349:
343:
241:
235:
229:
223:
194:
193:
191:Natural history
188:
187:Natural history
180:
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163:
161:Protected areas
145:
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124:Wildlife Trusts
121:
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88:Scottish breeds
67:
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1740:Lord President
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1556:First Minister
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1512:
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1501:Municipalities
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1201:Trees for Life
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1140:External links
1138:
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1130:James Lovelock
1117:
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484:
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477:United Kingdom
434:the land. The
430:have recently
345:Main article:
342:
339:
323:Fortingall Yew
319:United Kingdom
291:flora include
237:Main article:
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167:National parks
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543:xenophyophore
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498:This section
496:
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489:
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473:invertebrates
470:
465:
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459:
458:Darwin Mounds
453:
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450:British Isles
447:
444:
441:
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389:harbour seals
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120:Organisations
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54:
53:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
34:
30:
26:
22:
19:concerns the
18:
2252:Christianity
2242:Baháʼí Faith
2135:Demographics
2079:coat of arms
2049:Prostitution
1982:Universities
1964:
1940:Architecture
1900:Unemployment
1895:Silicon Glen
1855:Oil industry
1840:Harris Tweed
1730:Crown Office
1622:Armed forces
1600:Independence
1588:Human rights
1419:Conservation
1409:Central Belt
1327:Early modern
1126:The Scotsman
1125:
1120:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1078:
1068:
1059:
1053:
1044:
1036:
1031:
1019:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
988:
976:. Retrieved
969:the original
956:
947:
938:
929:
917:. Retrieved
913:the original
903:
894:
882:
863:
844:
820:
813:
810:Murray, W.H.
796:
782:
768:
754:
740:
726:
712:
698:
684:
607:
566:Conservation
564:
537:
521:
508:
504:adding to it
499:
466:
454:
438:is the only
432:re-colonised
420:golden eagle
414:such as the
410:grounds for
393:
359:part of the
352:
350:
308:
302:and coastal
283:part of the
260:
258:
228:
190:
106:Conservation
66:Biodiversity
16:
15:
1810:Agriculture
1674:Nationalism
1593:LGBT rights
1496:Environment
1377:Romanticism
1332:Reformation
1322:Renaissance
1287:Middle Ages
1282:Roman times
1277:Prehistoric
978:16 February
511:August 2008
375:'s diverse
311:Douglas fir
2272:Moderators
2215:Scientists
2101:regimental
2044:Placenames
2039:Philosophy
2014:Literature
1644:Parliament
1576:Government
1546:Devolution
1529:Government
1486:Ecoregions
1476:Waterfalls
1352:Jacobitism
1000:13 January
677:References
650:(Scotland)
595:Cairn Toul
591:Cairngorms
443:vertebrate
404:red grouse
369:extinction
273:bryophytes
253:Tay Valley
2257:Christmas
2210:Musicians
2205:Inventors
2144:Languages
2120:Festivals
1960:Education
1885:Transport
1825:Companies
1820:Charities
1551:Elections
1439:Highlands
1392:Geography
919:1 January
909:"animals"
626:Hebridean
603:Braeriach
589:The High
400:blackcock
381:wild cats
377:temperate
315:Inverness
2373:Category
2353:Category
2301:Hinduism
2247:Buddhism
2234:Religion
2064:Surnames
2004:Identity
1999:Hogmanay
1977:Colleges
1835:Forestry
1770:Udal law
1679:Unionism
1634:Monarchs
1538:Politics
1520:Politics
1454:Lowlands
1272:Timeline
1242:Scotland
1039:. No 64.
871:Archived
852:Archived
660:See also
618:porpoise
614:dolphins
571:plateaus
547:Scotland
412:seabirds
396:moorland
373:Scotland
357:European
321:and the
300:moorland
289:Scottish
281:European
265:vascular
43:a series
41:Part of
33:Scotland
2344:Outline
2316:Sikhism
2311:Judaism
2220:Writers
2200:Artists
2108:unicorn
2069:Symbols
2019:Museums
1972:Schools
1955:Cuisine
1932:Culture
1919:Society
1880:Tourism
1845:Housing
1830:Fishing
1798:Economy
1610:History
1464:Highest
1444:Islands
1434:Geology
1414:Climate
1297:Kingdom
1264:History
1024:"Fungi"
812:(1973)
551:Rockall
549:, near
448:in the
446:species
440:endemic
428:ospreys
408:nesting
365:mammals
335:endemic
304:machair
269:lichens
2358:Portal
2195:Actors
2182:People
2125:Comedy
2096:tartan
2074:anthem
1890:Whisky
1702:Courts
1615:Cities
1382:Modern
827:
803:
789:
775:
761:
747:
733:
719:
705:
691:
620:, and
610:whales
575:marine
524:fungal
483:Mycota
469:native
418:. The
293:boreal
249:Birnam
45:on the
29:mycota
2306:Islam
2167:Scots
2084:flags
2059:Sport
2024:Music
1950:Clans
1850:Media
1506:Munro
1481:Glens
1449:Lochs
1429:Flora
1424:Fauna
972:(pdf)
965:(PDF)
836:Notes
601:from
541:is a
341:Fauna
313:near
233:Flora
144:Areas
83:Birds
78:Fauna
73:Flora
25:fauna
21:flora
2186:list
1706:List
1060:2157
1002:2007
980:2007
921:2007
825:ISBN
801:ISBN
787:ISBN
773:ISBN
759:ISBN
745:ISBN
731:ISBN
717:ISBN
703:ISBN
689:ISBN
597:and
573:and
426:and
387:and
385:grey
351:The
333:are
329:and
277:fern
259:The
247:The
27:and
1945:Art
1689:Law
1108:doi
506:.
31:of
2375::
1722:,
1718:,
1104:51
1102:.
1077:.
1058:.
1052:.
616:,
612:,
593:-
452:.
391:.
35:.
23:,
2188:)
2184:(
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1857:(
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1714:(
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1704:(
1234:e
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1114:.
1110::
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1004:.
982:.
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513:)
509:(
255:.
218:e
211:t
204:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
