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under considerable pressure. When the plates are separated, it is found that a perfect impression of the object has been made in the leaden plate. This may be used directly as an engraved plate, but only if a very few impressions are wanted, for it is too soft to resist the action of printing presses for practical purposes. For larger numbers of images, a facsimile to be used as the printing plate is made in copper by the
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Auer's method can only be used with objects with tolerably flat surfaces, such as dried and pressed plants, embroidery and lace, and a few animals. The object is placed between a plate of steel and another of lead, both of which are smooth, and polished. They are then drawn through a pair of rollers
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is a printing process, developed in the 18th century, that uses the plants, animals, rocks and other natural subjects to produce an image. The subject undergoes several stages to give a direct impression onto materials such as lead, gum, and photographic plates, which are then used in the printing
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Franklin probably got the idea of printing images of leaves on paper money from making these nature prints, which he and
Breintnall sent to English naturalists. They were printed directly from inked leaves, which were placed inside a folded sheet of paper and run through the
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Vienna, 1853. This was written in four languages by the author. He shows the use of plants, a fossil fish, and lace impressed by roller onto a lead plate, this is hand coloured and transferred to the final print.
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In 1737 Franklin invented the art of nature printing from leaf casts, using a copper plate press, for transferring a sage leaf image onto the back of paper money bills, a technique intended to thwart counterfeiters.
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Many others botanical and natural history illustrations had attempted to use techniques that were a 'shorthand', or for a type of accuracy, in the representation of subjects. Another printer, the
Englishman
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As nature shows them : moths and butterflies of the United States, east of the Rocky
Mountains : with over 400 photographic illustrations in the text and many transfers of species from life
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invented nature printing from leaf casts, using a copper plate press, in 1737 to thwart counterfeiters of paper money bills, other sources also report
Franklin's friend, Philadelphia naturalist
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The technique was not well known at the time, although the
Philadelphia naturalist Joseph Breintnall made contact nature prints from leaves about 1730.
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189:. ABAA (This article first appeared in Ephemera News or The Ephemera Journal, publications of The Ephemera Society of America, Inc.)
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Eric P. Newman, "Newly
Discovered Franklin Invention: Nature Printing on Colonial and Continental Currency," The Numismatist (1964)
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used the wings of the species he was describing by pressing them into the page itself. For this work he used over 50,000 insects.
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The Nature-Printed
British Sea-Weeds: A History, accompanied by figures and dissections, of the algæ of the British Isles
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256:. Four volumes. London: Bradbury & Evans, 1859–60. Text available on Google books
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162:"Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Releases New Benjamin Franklin Publication"
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243:. Nature-printed by Henry Bradbury. London: Bradbury & Evans, 1857.
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The
Discovery of the Natural Printing Process: an Invention ...
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Another person attributed with the invention of the process,
214:. The Library Company of Philadelphia. Archived from
252:Johnstone, William Grosart & Alexander Croall.
239:The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland; Edited by
118:As Nature Shows Them: Moths and Butterflies ...
210:James N. Green and Peter Stallybrass (2006).
160:FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF PHILADELPHIA (2007).
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212:"Benjamin Franklin: Writer and Printer"
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164:. FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF PHILADELPHIA
96:The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland
310:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
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107:The Nature-Printed British Sea-Weeds
54:The Nature-printed British Seaweeds
187:"Benjamin Franklin's Job Printing"
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33:'s nature printed currency (1779)
16:Pre-photographic printing process
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329:. University of Delaware Library
307:New International Encyclopedia
270:Denton, Sherman Foote (1900).
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381:Precursors of photography
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376:Printmaking
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333:2007-09-02
280:22 January
222:2010-07-26
193:2010-07-26
168:2010-07-26
147:References
68:Alois Auer
133:process.
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