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Based on size comparison with modern mule deer the adult, articulated, Honey Lake male specimen would have weighed approximately 600 lb (270 kg), significantly larger than the modern species. Hay's original type specimens (toe element and astragalus) were so large that Hay originally placed
391:
on perceived similarities with the holotype, a first phalanx, and the paratype, an astragalus. However, no discussion of the perceived similarities was given and, in the discussion regarding the first phalanx, the only direct comparison mentioned was that of a difference between the Honey Lake first
294:
in 1975. However, his analysis has been questioned on technical grounds and new paleontological data. Kurten's analysis was based on averages of length of dissociated bones (samples sizes 9–52), without specifying the sex or age of the source animals, and without providing standard deviations to let
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One comparative element he used was the skeletal measurements of a single mule deer, but he did not provide the data on sex, age or locality. However, from data provided by Klein (1964) and McMahon (1975), the relative lower leg length of mule deer can vary at least by 22%.
576:). Huemul morphology did not overlap with rock climbing species previously considered analogous, but falls within the range of other cervids. In fact, considering the reported variation on leg proportions among several cervids, which can reach 70%, there are
386:
The interpretations given above are not without controversy. Morejohn and Dailey (2004) were primarily focused on documenting differences between Old World cervids and those of the New World. The fossil skeletal material from Honey Lake was assigned to
382:
The direct anatomical comparison of Hay's two specimens from Idaho and the Honey Lake, California deer by
Morejohn indicated they were conspecific (though not explicitly stated in the text) and both are from a large odocoileine deer.
498:
as a mountain deer with an Alpine climbing mode of locomotion (like ibex), but without providing data on ibex. However, data from
Fernandez and Monchot (2007) on ibex show that their bone measurements are far from the averages of
320:
Cervalces scotti, Alces alces, Rangifer tarandus, Odocoileus hemionus, O. virginianus, Hippocamelus antisensis, H. bisulcus, Mazama americana, Pudu mephistophiles, P. puda, Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Blastocerus
881:
Flueck, W.T. & Smith-Flueck, J.M. (2011). "Osteological comparisons of appendicular skeletons: a case study on
Patagonian huemul deer and its implications for conservation".
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entered the scene based on a very weak analysis which is impossible to verify, the best current evidence based on an extensive comparative study shows that
466:(nor did Morejohn and Dailey claim so). Measurements from the literature and the geologic time span involved would indicate otherwise.
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Morejohn and Dailey (2004) published the analysis of the osteological anatomy and morphology of a practically complete skeleton of a
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simply cited his interpretations without questioning its validity. It is recommended that any future discussion, or reference to
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grow 4 and even 5 tines on each antler, invalidating Kurten's claim, and regarding skeletal proportion, he provided no data on
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323:), located in 27 different institutions worldwide. They also dissected and analyzed fresh materials of
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Klein, DR (1964). "Range-Related
Differences in Growth of Deer Reflected in Skeletal Ratios".
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314:. Moreover, for their 54-page analysis they visited most collections of samples identified as
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479:; the elements are about the same size as those of the Tule elk, the smallest subspecies of
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were to be accepted, it is unlikely that the late
Pleistocene taxon is conspecific with
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Kurtén, B.; Kurten, Bjorn (1975). "A new
Pleistocene genus of American mountain deer".
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516:, only differing by having two, instead of three antler tines, and he thus considered
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Morejohn, GV & Dailey, DC (2004). "The identity and postcranial osteology of
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McMahon, TA (1975). "Allometry and biomechanics: limbbones in adult ungulates".
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396:. It can legitimately be argued insofar as published material goes that it is
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Alces, Cervus, Mazama, Odocoileus hemionus, O. virginianus, Ozotoceros, Pudu
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17:
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Fernandez H, Monchot H (2007). "Sexual
Dimorphism in Limb Bones of Ibex (
528:. Recently, complete appendages were compared between South Andean deer (
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as an extinct member of the family
Cervidae and was most common in the
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352:(including exhibition mounts assembled from dissociated bones).
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than the latter was to other members of the subfamily such as
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L.): Mixture
Analysis Applied to Modern and Fossil Data".
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implicitly to be homologous to chamois and ibex. However,
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Hay 1927. Subsequent publications referring to Kurten's
494:) based on short metapodials which made him label the
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the reader know about variability due to sex and age.
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Other evidence strongly suggests differences between
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as well as other species for a comparative analysis (
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and its phylogenetic place among New World
Cervidae"
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310:(Hay 1927) along with other collections labeled as
914:Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level
912:McKenna, Malcolm C. & Bell, Susan K. (1997).
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506:Kurten made the explicit correlation that
419:from San Josecito Cave and concluded that
270:, is an extinct species of North American
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856:International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
363:was an invalid construct and pertains to
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
916:. New York: Columbia University Press.
636:
584:populations with shorter legs than the
693:Kurtén, B. & Anderson, E. (1980).
290:Kurten described a species he called
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1017:Prehistoric mammals of North America
1012:Pleistocene mammals of North America
695:Pleistocene Mammals of North America
611:. It survived to about 11,500
447:. It is thus far from settled that
415:. Webb (1992) studied a cranium of
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803:Sierra Coll. Nat. Hist. Mus. Bull
458:Assuming that the assignment to
334:Their main conclusions are that
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697:. Columbia University Press.
439:were found to be closer to
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558:Cervus canadensis nannodes
427:, was the sister taxon of
883:Animal Production Science
596:Kurten in 1975 described
536:), ibex, Himalayan Tahr (
266:), known commonly as the
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121:Scientific classification
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1007:Pleistocene Artiodactyla
755:The American Naturalist
615:from evidence found in
86:Extinct species of deer
582:Odocoileus virginianus
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286:Front view of skeleton
268:American mountain deer
94:American mountain deer
969:Paleobiology Database
538:Hemitragus jemlahicus
530:Hippocamelus bisulcus
503:presented by Kurten.
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97:Temporal range: Late
820:Webb, S. D. (1992).
655:Journal of Mammalogy
392:phalanx and that of
44:confusing or unclear
621:Guadalupe Mountains
574:Antilope cervicapra
562:Odocoileus hemionus
552:), mountain sheep (
550:Rupicapra rupicapra
534:Oreamnos americanus
532:), mountain goats (
486:Kurten stated that
52:clarify the article
833:Ann. Zool. Fennici
598:Navahoceros fricki
572:), and blackbuck (
540:), bighorn sheep (
292:Navahoceros fricki
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264:Navahoceros fricki
984:
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945:Odocoileus lucasi
937:Taxon identifiers
799:Odocoileus lucasi
588:sample (by 14%).
566:Odocoileus lucasi
481:Cervus canadensis
389:Odocoileus lucasi
377:Odocoileus lucasi
365:Odocoileus lucasi
350:Odocoileus lucasi
308:Odocoileus lucasi
259:Odocoileus lucasi
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178:Artiodactyla
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64:January 2024
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50:Please help
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824:Navahoceros
617:Burnet Cave
609:Pleistocene
607:during the
586:H. bisulcus
548:, chamois (
546:Navahoceros
514:Navahoceros
501:Navahoceros
496:Navahoceros
488:Navahoceros
449:Navahoceros
441:Navahoceros
433:Blastoceras
429:Navahoceros
417:Navahoceros
409:Navahoceros
402:nomen nudum
373:Navahoceros
369:Navahoceros
361:Navahoceros
357:Navahoceros
346:Navahoceros
341:nomen nudum
336:Navahoceros
316:Navahoceros
306:adult male
304:Pleistocene
250:(Hay, 1927)
198:Capreolinae
194:Subfamily:
99:Pleistocene
18:Navahoceros
997:Odocoileus
991:Categories
852:Capra ibex
839:: 401–410.
631:References
625:New Mexico
554:Ovis ammon
492:Capra ibex
460:Odocoileus
453:Odocoileus
445:Odocoileus
425:Odocoileus
413:Odocoileus
400:that is a
394:Odocoileus
348:belong to
321:dichotomus
209:Odocoileus
46:to readers
720:J. Mammal
464:O. lucasi
398:O. lucasi
355:Although
312:O. lucasi
216:Species:
144:Kingdom:
138:Eukaryota
960:Q7077903
954:Wikidata
775:84325648
578:Rangifer
421:Rangifer
329:Rangifer
278:Taxonomy
188:Cervidae
184:Family:
168:Mammalia
158:Chordata
154:Phylum:
148:Animalia
134:Domain:
809:: 1–54.
740:1376985
675:1379377
619:in the
470:Biology
431:. Both
241:†
220:†
204:Genus:
174:Order:
164:Class:
42:may be
974:463467
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477:Cervus
423:, not
327:, and
829:(PDF)
771:S2CID
736:JSTOR
671:JSTOR
592:Range
338:is a
918:ISBN
699:ISBN
580:and
435:and
411:and
272:deer
891:doi
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