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713:(ANGLICO) units. ANGLICO members are temporarily assigned to combat units of the United States and foreign nations that lack inherent fire support capability, such as naval gunfire. The ships equipped with the large caliber guns of the early and middle of the 20th century have all been decommissioned. The last American battleship,
422:
would pound shore installations, sometimes for days, in the hope of reducing fortifications and weakening defending forces. Obsolete battleships unfit for combat against other ships were often used as floating gun platforms expressly for this purpose. However, given the relatively primitive nature of
360:
Between 1919–39 all RN battleships/battlecruisers and all new-construction cruisers were equipped with
Admiralty Fire Control Tables and GDT gear, and from the early 1930s (probably earlier) were required to carry out "live" bombardment practice once in each commission. In 1939, therefore, the RN was
348:
The RN continually advanced their technology and techniques necessary to conduct effective bombardments in the face of the German defenders—firstly refining spotting/correction by aircraft (following initial efforts during the
Dardanelles/Gallipoli campaign), then experimenting with night bombardment
286:
the enemy coastal defences (forts, shore-batteries etc.) were fairly unsophisticated; however, on the
Gallipoli peninsula these still proved to be difficult targets for the navy's low angle firing guns. Here, the fortress outlines tended to blend into the hillside making identification difficult, and
468:
in
October 1942, inflicting minor damage. Bombardment periods were usually shorter in the European theatre, where surprise was more often valued, overland reinforcement far more likely, and ships' guns were responding to the movements of mobile defenders, not whittling away at static fortifications.
759:
are taught the rudiments of calling in and adjusting naval gunfire. With the exception of a few procedures, the controlling principles are quite similar in both land and naval bombardment. Shore fire control parties participate in field operations, often with a Marine artillery battery to provide
352:
In the summer of 1918, monitors were equipped with gyro director training (GDT) gear—which effectively provided the director with a gyro-stabilised artificial line of sight, and thereby enabled a ship to carry out indirect bombardment while underway. This was a very significant advance which
728:(however these larger guns are functionally inoperable because no ammunition was purchased for them). The aircraft carrier and sea to land missile have been used instead. The remaining naval artillery typically has more advanced targeting systems than the older large-caliber artillery.
760:
simulated naval gunfire support. When available, Marine spotters will call the fire missions for naval ships undergoing their gunnery qualification tests, to provide both parties the opportunity to practice their skills. One use of naval gunfire in modern operations is to provide
455:
this mattered less, where the isolated defenders of island strongholds expected to be invaded at some point and had already committed whatever combat resources were available. The
Japanese used battleships only once for shore bombardment, when two battleships bombarded
290:
For RN ships bombarding German targets along the
Belgian coast the situation was altogether different from the autumn of 1915 until the enemy withdrawal in October 1918. For this role, the Royal Navy frequently made use of specially designed vessels known as
450:
The solution was to engage in longer bombardment periods—up to two weeks, in some cases—saturating target areas with fire until a lucky few shells had destroyed the intended targets. This alerted an enemy that a landing attack was imminent. In the
524:
provided heavy support, along with numerous light cruisers and destroyers. In particular were so-called "Trainbuster" patrols, working with spotter aircraft to destroy North Korean supply trains, as well as railway bridges and tunnels.
693:
to maintain close contact with the Navy for amphibious operations. The NGLO is responsible for the Shore Fire
Control Party and works in the Fire Control Center with other liaison officers to coordinate naval gunfire with
287:
the guns presented small targets. Mobile howitzers on the plateau presented even greater problems, since these were higher still, and being completely shielded from view proved almost impervious to naval bombardment.
171:
that fired explosive shells at a high angle. They were typically poor sailing craft that were of limited use outside their specialized role. However, small vessels armed with large mortars saw use as late as the
122:, ships are particularly vulnerable to attack from aircraft coming from a landward direction and flying low to avoid radar detection, or from submarines because of a predictable and steady (non-evasive) course.
622:
in 2011 in Libya, allied forces provided gun naval support to rebel forces. The French Navy fired approximately 3,000 76 and 100 mm (3.0 and 3.9 in) shells against military targets (the warships
1032:
427:
and radar of the era combined with the high velocity of naval gunfire, accuracy depended upon designated observer aircraft until troops landed and were able to radio back reports to the ship.
164:
720:, was decommissioned in 31 March 1992, which left no naval guns larger than 5 inches (127 mm) in service on any active warship in the United States Navy until the introduction of the
810:
Martin, B., Clayton, B., Welch, J., Bae, S. J., Kim, Y., Khan, I., & Edenfield, N. (2020, April 16). Naval surface fire support. RAND Corporation. Retrieved
January 6, 2023, from
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547:, Task Unit 70.8.9, the U.S. Naval Gunfire Support Unit, was made up of destroyers armed with 5-inch/38 caliber or 5-inch/54 caliber guns, and continuously patrolled the coast of
271:
for what was later designated naval gunfire support (NGFS)) was
Britain's Royal Navy (RN); and the main theatres in which RN ships fired against targets ashore were the Aegean—
406:
systems and sophisticated relay networks allowed forward observers to transmit targeting information and provide almost instant accuracy reports once troops had landed.
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and moving on to adopt indirect fire (in which a ship can accurately engage an unseen target, which may be several miles inland) as the norm for day and night firings.
1400:
658:
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Naval gunfire could reach as far as 20 miles (32 km) inland and was often used to supplement land-based artillery. Naval gunfire was used extensively throughout
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along with their main battery guns against Iraqi targets in the
Euphrates Delta. This was the last firing of battleship guns during war, as well as the first use of
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over the role naval gunfire support should play in warfare. This took on a greater sense of urgency with the removal of the last two battleships from the
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1101:
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510:; the conflict was ideal for this type of service, with much of the fighting taking place along the coast of the Korean Peninsula. The battleship
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constructed an extensive, well-equipped and well-coordinated system of gun batteries to defend the coast—and especially the ports of
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295:. They carried extremely heavy armament for their size, often a single turret from a decommissioned battleship. With a broad-beamed
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83:. Modern naval gunfire support is one of the three main components of amphibious warfare assault operations support, along with
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1985:
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476:, although initially the surprise nature of the landings precluded a drawn-out bombardment which could have reduced the
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fired 14,486 rounds of 5"/38 ammunition at enemy positions and assorted targets in 1972 against heavy enemy opposition.
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Naval gunfire is still used for many of its traditional purposes. In the Marine Corps, artillery units have several
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U.S. Navy ships and Royal Navy Bobtail Cruiser on the D-Day invasion of Normandy, France during World War II
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which provided spotters, usually airborne in light aircraft but sometimes on foot, in all military regions.
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706:. The NGLO joins the others in the planning of fire missions in support of the Marine Infantry Regiment.
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and other troops operating within their range. NGFS is one of several disciplines encompassed by the term
259:, her 18-inch gun is fitted on a fixed mounting on her quarterdeck, pointing to starboard (November 1918)
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assigned to coastal patrol. They supported the US Marines as well as the Lebanese Army. In 1991, during
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to allow close approach to the shore, the vessels were slow and thus unsuitable for naval combat. Two
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2002:
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The Marine Corps maintains three active (1st, 2nd, & 5th) and three reserve (3rd, 4th & 6th)
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fires a full broadside of nine 16 in/50 and six 5 in/38 guns during a target exercise near
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and other artillery. An early type of vessel designed for the purpose of shore bombardment was the
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provide covering fire for sorties and prevent enemy troops and batteries from effectively using
345:—and for that reason were frequently bombarded by RN monitors operating from Dover and Dunkirk.
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basically established a firm foundation for naval bombardment as practiced by the RN and
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was devised for shore bombardment. An early use was by the French and Spanish during the
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for a single tour of duty. NGFS was controlled by the United States Marines Corps First
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570:, naval gunfire support was provided on several occasions by destroyers, cruisers, and
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Despite the reduction in calibre size to 5-inch (127 mm) guns, even ground-based
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to provide NGFS at short notice. If greater firepower was required then larger gunned
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Naval gunfire support is classified into two types: direct fire, where the ship has
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1016:"22nd MEU Marines rocked ISIS fighters in Libya in 2016 with naval gunfire"
233:
267:, the principal practitioner of naval bombardment (the term used prior to
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498:'s forward gun mount firing at enemy target during Vietnam war (1972).
411:
91:. Shipborne guns have been used against shore defences since medieval
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3004:
2823:
2778:
2432:
2417:
1909:
1549:
1432:
1173:
1168:
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1033:
U.S Marine Corps: An Annotated Bibliography of Naval Gunfire Support
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221:. Floating batteries were used by the French and British during the
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2833:
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1707:
1632:
765:
487:
403:
387:
368:
247:
232:
183:
During the 18th century, another special class of vessel known as
167:. These were small ships whose main armament was one or two large
108:
29:
555:
were called in for reinforcements, along with the battleship USS
361:
quite well prepared for this particular aspect of joint warfare.
1820:
1283:
1278:
748:
1083:
2412:
2404:
1114:
873:"British Terror Bombing and the Road to American Independence"
597:
279:, and later the Salonika front—and along the Belgian coast.
165:
grievances of the United States Declaration of Independence
600:
to observe targets and give targeting corrections. In the
111:), and indirect fire, which, to be accurate, requires an
180:
used them in several attacks on coastal fortifications.
107:
with the target (either visually or through the use of
812:
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4351.html
922:
Naval Bombardment: Ship Control with Air Observation
536:'s cruisers, destroyers, and frigates in support of
532:
by Indian naval gunfire support was provided by the
506:
Naval gunfire support played a critical role in the
244:, with her single turret trained to starboard (1915)
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1441:
1253:
1121:
970:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. p. 700.
155:, which came into use during the 17th century. The
665:in the Second Libyan Civil War, the destroyer USS
418:, designed to support amphibious operations), and
608:in the early stages of the war by Royal Navy and
225:and by both sides during the American Civil War.
604:, NGFS was used in support of operations on the
314:, the largest guns ever used by the Royal Navy.
398:Indirect bombardment reached its zenith during
329:. Those ports, and the canals linking them to
27:Use of naval artillery to provide fire support
1095:
896:Peter Hart 2011, Gallipoli, Profile Books Ltd
655:shelled jihadist positions at Bargal, Somalia
8:
982:Imperial Japanese Navy Battleships 1941–1945
659:Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa
3166:
1899:
1102:
1088:
1080:
647:). On 1 June 2007, the American destroyer
1062:
823:Royal Artillery Institution, ed. (1894).
2925:List of military strategies and concepts
1047:"Battleships, D-Day, and naval strategy"
743:Continued naval gunfire support training
402:, when the availability of man-portable
803:
853:
842:
787:148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery
689:(NGLO, pronounced "no-glow") in each
299:designed for stability and a shallow
7:
3477:Naval bombing operations and battles
3441:
373:The WWI-era (launched 30 June 1917)
199:commissioned several vessels of the
3385:Idealism in international relations
984:. p 19, Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
764:for close air support. Well-timed
333:, were of major importance to the
25:
762:Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses
731:Within the U.S. there was a long
711:Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company
561:Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company
3440:
3430:
3429:
724:with the 155 mm (6.1 inch)
669:conducted shore bombardments of
431:proved vulnerable to land-based
835:: Royal Artillery Institution:
825:Journal of the Royal Artillery
687:naval gunfire liaison officers
568:Multinational Force in Lebanon
1:
871:Hoock, Holger (2 July 2018).
357:during the Second World War.
2907:Operational manoeuvre group
675:Operation Odyssey Lightning
620:Operation Unified Protector
42:Vieques Island, Puerto Rico
3493:
3340:Peace and conflict studies
3229:Infantry fighting vehicles
1768:Front; Russian land forces
1045:Benbow, Tim (2021-06-22).
938:"Spitfires of the US Navy"
439:so gunfire observers flew
312:BL 18-inch Mk I naval guns
57:naval surface fire support
3427:
3395:International cooperation
2365:Combat information center
1826:Infantry fighting vehicle
1608:Unified combatant command
1064:10.1177/09683445211022765
1002:"USS Hanson DD832/DDR832"
980:Stille, Cdr Mark (2008).
3310:Lists of wars by country
2752:List of military tactics
1870:Self-propelled artillery
1758:Special units by nation:
1201:Protocols and structure:
925:. Royal Navy. June 1945.
594:Tomahawk cruise missiles
191:(1779–1782). During the
189:Great Siege of Gibraltar
147:deployed ships carrying
3407:International relations
3400:Crimes against humanity
2047:Other infantry weapons:
1763:Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy
1334:Functional specialties:
782:US Field artillery team
757:Forward Air Controllers
480:defences sufficiently.
213:. These carried either
3375:Conscientious objector
1483:Special reconnaissance
1223:Awards and decorations
576:Operation Desert Storm
503:
425:fire control computers
395:
260:
245:
135:An early use of shore
45:
2395:Torpedo Data Computer
2385:Ship gun fire-control
877:Shot Glass of History
770:anti-aircraft weapons
737:Naval Vessel Register
673:positions as part of
610:Royal Australian Navy
602:2003 invasion of Iraq
491:
458:United States Marines
429:Observation seaplanes
372:
251:
236:
145:Edward III of England
49:Naval gunfire support
33:
3256:Specific modern wars
3204:Vehicles and weapons
3129:Military occupations
1728:Carrier strike group
89:land-attack missiles
3419:Peace organizations
2882:Operations research
2360:Director (military)
2350:Fire-control system
1261:Command and control
753:artillery observers
726:Advanced Gun System
157:burning of Falmouth
2877:Military operation
2844:Tactical objective
2355:Fire-control radar
2271:Military equipment
2213:Anti-ship missiles
1565:Electronic-warfare
1428:Military maneuvers
1413:Combat occupations
1189:Commanding officer
1149:Occupational roles
517:and light cruiser
504:
466:Henderson Airfield
443:in support of the
437:invasion of Sicily
396:
375:United States Navy
261:
246:
174:American Civil War
113:artillery observer
87:and ship-launched
77:amphibious assault
46:
3454:
3453:
3380:Anti-war movement
3323:
3322:
3315:Conflicts by time
2940:Counter-offensive
2930:Military campaign
2849:Target saturation
2799:Counterinsurgency
2448:International law
2390:Gun data computer
2259:
2258:
1596:Armies by country
1560:Close air support
1525:Aircraft carriers
1194:Executive officer
1018:. 28 August 2019.
990:978-1-84603-280-6
964:Chester W. Nimitz
942:The Spitfire Site
852:Missing or empty
696:close air support
530:annexation of Goa
484:Late 20th century
445:Normandy landings
310:were fitted with
65:shore bombardment
55:), also known as
16:(Redirected from
3484:
3444:
3443:
3433:
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3410:
3293:
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3275:
3266:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3167:
3109:Military tactics
2950:Defence in depth
2804:Defeat in detail
2500:Armoured warfare
2438:Military science
2228:Close-in weapons
1900:
1811:Wheeled vehicles
1806:Tracked vehicles
1603:Chain of command
1266:Defense ministry
1104:
1097:
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1006:
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978:
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936:Hill, Steven D.
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883:
868:
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850:
848:
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820:
814:
808:
606:Al-Faw peninsula
578:the battleships
433:fighter aircraft
416:Bobtail cruisers
394:on 1 April 1945.
337:campaign in the
185:floating battery
115:to adjust fire.
67:, is the use of
21:
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3485:
3483:
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3467:Naval artillery
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3404:
3390:Humanitarianism
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3263:Napoleonic Wars
3260:
3244:
3238:Modern warships
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3163:Other namespace
3158:
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2829:Rapid dominance
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2201:Naval artillery
2181:Guided missiles
2169:
1891:
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1574:
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1433:Combat training
1381:Security forces
1371:Military police
1309:Airborne forces
1249:
1117:
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1039:Further reading
1029:
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663:Battle of Sirte
486:
367:
343:English Channel
308:-class monitors
231:
215:naval long guns
193:Napoleonic Wars
141:Siege of Calais
139:was during the
133:
128:
101:
69:naval artillery
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3490:
3488:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3370:Global studies
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3345:Peace movement
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3201:
3192:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3144:Related lists:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:History lists:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:Military lists
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3061:Defense policy
3058:
3056:Defense budget
3053:
3048:
3046:Public policy:
3043:
3038:
3036:United Nations
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2995:Scorched earth
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2897:Deep operation
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2610:Unconventional
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2560:Disinformation
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2470:
2468:Post-classical
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2343:Combat systems
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2334:Field hospital
2331:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2111:Shoulder-fired
2100:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2015:
2011:Service rifles
2007:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1906:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1683:
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1676:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1570:Reconnaissance
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:Auxiliary ship
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1423:Basic training
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1354:Reconnaissance
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Communications
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:Special forces
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1057:(3): 684–703.
1051:War in History
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1027:Online sources
1025:
1022:
1021:
1007:
993:
973:
962:Potter, E.B.;
954:
928:
912:
898:
889:
863:
815:
802:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
789:
784:
777:
774:
744:
741:
682:
679:
644:Chevalier Paul
598:drone aircraft
485:
482:
366:
363:
252:Stern view of
230:
227:
163:was among the
132:
129:
127:
124:
100:
97:
44:, 1 July 1984.
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3489:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Naval warfare
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3437:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Peace process
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Expeditionary
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:Counterattack
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Psychological
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:Combined arms
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2322:Military base
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:Depth charges
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:Anti-tank gun
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:Assault rifle
2028:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2018:Battle rifles
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1986:Infantry guns
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1880:Anti-aircraft
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
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1818:
1817:
1814:
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1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1795:
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1782:
1781:
1779:
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1754:
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1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:General staff
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Landing craft
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Enlisted rank
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1003:
997:
994:
991:
987:
983:
977:
974:
969:
965:
958:
955:
943:
939:
932:
929:
924:
923:
916:
913:
910:
909:Critical Past
908:
902:
899:
893:
890:
878:
874:
867:
864:
859:
846:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
816:
813:
807:
804:
797:
792:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
775:
773:
771:
767:
763:
758:
754:
750:
742:
740:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
722:Zumwalt class
719:
718:
712:
707:
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2605:Radiological
2545:Conventional
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1586:Organization
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1493:Naval units:
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1349:Intelligence
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3414:Categories:
3355:Disarmament
3272:World War I
3031:Cooperation
2945:Culminating
2869:Operational
2814:Envelopment
2734:Information
2653:Cold-region
2620:Battlespace
2478:Late modern
2458:Prehistoric
2380:Historical:
2317:Facilities:
1843:Armored car
1718:Naval fleet
1456:Combat arms
1451:Land units:
1408:Categories:
1391:Coast guard
1376:Gendarmerie
1299:Space force
1240:Categories:
1154:Recruitment
566:During the
545:Vietnam War
543:During the
538:Indian Army
534:Indian Navy
462:Guadalcanal
453:Pacific War
435:during the
414:(including
408:Battleships
273:Dardanelles
265:World War I
241:Marshal Ney
229:World War I
223:Crimean War
176:, when the
153:bomb vessel
137:bombardment
81:naval fires
71:to provide
3461:Categories
3303:Categories
3149:War crimes
3134:Operations
3071:Government
2887:Blitzkrieg
2859:Withdrawal
2710:Underwater
2685:Amphibious
2627:Aerospace
2570:Electronic
2520:Camouflage
2515:Biological
2488:fourth-gen
2483:industrial
2312:Body armor
2300:Camouflage
2281:By country
2126:By country
1937:By country
1922:Artillery:
1836:By country
1753:Combat box
1723:Task force
1691:By country
1674:By country
1628:Field army
1623:Army group
1591:By country
1540:Air units:
1520:Submarines
1401:By country
1228:By country
1144:Technology
793:References
632:La Fayette
572:New Jersey
557:New Jersey
514:New Jersey
508:Korean War
420:destroyers
378:battleship
306:Lord Clive
256:Lord Clive
219:carronades
197:Royal Navy
178:Union Navy
161:Royal Navy
3170:Templates
3041:Mediation
3021:Alliances
3014:Diplomacy
2990:Offensive
2970:Defensive
2965:Deception
2935:Attrition
2819:Guerrilla
2767:Airbridge
2585:Loitering
2505:Artillery
2443:Diplomacy
2264:Equipment
2218:Torpedoes
2160:Land mine
2116:Anti-tank
1949:Field gun
1927:Artillery
1863:Gun truck
1848:Scout car
1686:Battalion
1579:Structure
1478:Artillery
1396:Logistics
1344:Engineers
1289:Air force
1073:0968-3445
968:Sea Power
798:Citations
715:USS
704:howitzers
691:battalion
649:USS
626:Jean Bart
589:Wisconsin
587:USS
580:USS
519:HMS
512:USS
493:USS
441:Spitfires
381:USS
339:North Sea
327:Zeebrugge
277:Gallipoli
254:HMS
239:HMS
35:USS
3436:Category
3360:Pacifism
3290:Cold War
3247:Aircraft
3066:Related:
2917:Strategy
2902:Maneuver
2839:Swarming
2668:Mountain
2636:Airborne
2575:Infantry
2530:Chemical
2495:By type:
2423:Strategy
2246:Missiles
2174:Sea/Air:
2143:Infantry
2104:Missiles
1961:Howitzer
1777:Vehicles
1743:Squadron
1738:Flotilla
1733:Division
1669:Regiment
1645:Division
1545:Fighters
1508:Littoral
1498:Warships
1461:Infantry
1443:Branches
1329:Reserves
1314:Commando
1218:Uniforms
1129:Military
1122:Concepts
1111:Military
966:(1960).
833:Woolwich
776:See also
751:forces'
717:Missouri
613:frigates
582:Missouri
553:cruisers
474:Normandy
412:cruisers
388:Japanese
293:monitors
202:Musquito
149:bombards
120:gun line
85:aircraft
3447:Commons
3365:DĂ©tente
3328:Related
3220:Weapons
3188:Weapons
3154:Writers
3124:Battles
3104:Weapons
2809:Foxhole
2784:Cavalry
2772:Airdrop
2762:Airlift
2744:Tactics
2705:Surface
2595:Nuclear
2580:Lawfare
2525:Cavalry
2510:Barrage
2463:Ancient
2453:By era:
2428:Tactics
2405:Warfare
2086:Bayonet
2069:Grenade
2052:Bazooka
1993:Pistols
1942:Battery
1910:Weapons
1896:Weapons
1784:Ground:
1703:Platoon
1696:By type
1679:By type
1662:By type
1657:Brigade
1555:Command
1550:Bombers
1503:Surface
1471:Cavalry
1366:Medical
1324:Militia
1319:Frogman
1294:Marines
1233:Highest
1184:Officer
1164:Soldier
1139:History
1134:Service
947:18 June
882:18 June
700:mortars
657:during
618:During
521:Belfast
392:Okinawa
386:shells
319:Germans
282:In the
263:During
169:mortars
159:by the
126:History
99:Tactics
3439:
3139:Sieges
3076:Nation
3005:Policy
2960:Mosaic
2955:Fabian
2854:Trench
2824:Morale
2789:Charge
2779:Battle
2757:Aerial
2722:Tunnel
2663:Jungle
2658:Desert
2555:Denial
2433:Combat
2418:Battle
2288:Helmet
2234:Aerial
2165:Shells
2155:Other:
2138:Lists:
2133:Mortar
1973:Rocket
1801:Combat
1789:Ground
1713:Naval:
1513:Patrol
1254:Forces
1174:Airman
1169:Sailor
1159:Roles:
1071:
988:
766:salvos
733:debate
702:, and
667:Carney
651:Chafee
638:Forbin
592:fired
500:Hanson
495:Hanson
335:U-boat
331:Bruges
323:Ostend
284:Aegean
195:, the
63:), or
3335:Peace
3211:Tanks
3197:Ranks
3086:Lists
2985:Naval
2975:Depth
2834:Siege
2729:Cyber
2700:Green
2695:Brown
2673:Urban
2641:Space
2590:Music
2565:Drone
2550:Cyber
2535:Class
2375:Radar
2370:Sonar
2327:Lists
2276:Lists
2251:Bombs
2194:Naval
2148:Heavy
1853:Truck
1831:Lists
1816:Armor
1708:Squad
1633:Corps
1618:Land:
1466:Armor
1245:Ranks
1206:Ranks
404:radio
383:Idaho
301:draft
211:class
204:class
109:radar
3119:Wars
3099:Wars
2980:Goal
2690:Blue
2648:Land
2305:List
2293:List
2241:Guns
2206:List
2186:List
2121:List
2096:List
2074:List
2062:List
2035:List
2023:List
2003:List
1978:List
1966:List
1954:List
1932:List
1915:List
1903:Land
1887:Rail
1875:List
1858:List
1821:Tank
1794:List
1748:Air:
1650:List
1638:List
1359:List
1284:Navy
1279:Army
1211:List
1113:and
1069:ISSN
986:ISBN
949:2020
884:2020
858:help
755:and
749:NATO
671:ISIS
585:and
423:the
341:and
325:and
317:The
297:hull
209:Firm
206:and
75:for
61:NSFS
53:NGFS
37:Iowa
3179:War
2680:Sea
2631:Air
2413:War
1115:war
1059:doi
464:'s
460:at
355:USN
217:or
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