44:
656:
through with a red hot iron, and be branded with the letter B, and sent to
Bristol, where he shall be paraded through the city on horseback, with his face backward. From Bristol he shall be brought back to London and sent to the Tower, there to be kept to hard labour by order of Parliament, and be debarred the use of pen, ink, and paper, and have no relief but what he can earn by his daily labour.
565:
646:
against people, it was questioned whether the House could invoke a judicial procedure like that of the now disbanded House of Lords. After much debate and looking at old precedents, the House concluded that it had the right to act in a judicial capacity. So they tried Naylor and passed the following
572:
The first session opened in
December 1656. The Protectorate government did not have much pressing legislation to present so the House occupied its time with private members bills. However over the next few months three issues would dominate the session. The first was the Militia Bill, the second was
655:
in the city of
Westminster for the space of two hours, on Thursday next, and then be whipped by the hangman through the streets from Westminster to the Old Change, and there be put in the pillory again from the hours of eleven to one on the following Saturday. He shall then have his tongue bored
665:
After some thought
Cromwell declined the crown as embodied in the Humble Petition. The Naylor case had showed that the members of Parliament were less religiously tolerant than the constitution allowed, and the assumption of judicial powers by the House, worried many in the House, the
909:
A number of articles explore aspects of
Cromwell's Protectorate parliaments: H.R. Trevor-Roper's crucial 1956 article on 'Oliver Cromwell and his parliaments', which was included in several later collections and is perhaps most accessible in I. Roots (ed), Cromwell, A Profile
555:
stopped one hundred elected members from taking their seats by declaring that they were not "of known integrity, fearing God" (Article VII). A further fifty withdrew in protest which left about two hundred and fifty to take their seats for the first session.
531:
who were running the country as regions under military governors. The Major-Generals thought that a compliant parliament would be the best way to raise money to pay for the Army occupation, and the Navy both of which were involved in the
928:
T.A. Wilson & F.J. Merli, 'Naylor's case and the dilemma of the
Protectorate' in University of Birmingham Historical Journal 10 (1965-6); and C.H. Firth, 'Cromwell and the crown' in English Historical Review 17 & 18 (1902 &
637:
attended by followers who sang "Holy, holy, holy" and strewed the way with their garments. Although Naylor denied that he was impersonating Jesus, this act outraged many in
Parliament in what was seen as an act of
593:'s "Militia Bill" on 29 January 1657 by one hundred and twenty four votes to eighty eight. This bill would have perpetuated the Decimation Tax that funded the mounted militia, which was collected by Cromwell's
475:
605:
With the rejection of the
Decimation Tax, it was clear that government through the Major-Generals could not continue. In February 1657 Cromwell was offered the crown and a new constitution called the
166:
577:), which was influenced by the failure of the Militia Bill to pass and the Naylor case was to show that the members of Parliament were less religiously tolerant than was constitutionally allowed in
260:
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212:
154:
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188:
761:
725:
356:
296:
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236:
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118:
106:
94:
82:
70:
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After modifications had been made to the Humble
Petition, Cromwell agreed to the new constitution and in June 1657 he was reinstated as Lord Protector under the articles of the
363:
468:
501:
461:
913:
P. Gaunt, 'Law making in the first
Protectorate Parliament' in C. Jones, M. Newitt & S. Roberts (eds), Politics and People in Revolutionary England (1986);
977:
952:
942:
642:. There was consensus in the House that Naylor should be punished. However while the House of Commons could pass, and had in recent times passed,
916:
I. Roots, 'Law making in the second Protectorate Parliament' in H. Hearder & H.R. Loyn (eds), British Government and Administration (1974);
922:
C.S. Egloff, 'The search for a Cromwellian settlement: exclusions from the second Protectorate Parliament' in Parliamentary History 17 (1998);
869:
797:
516:
There were two sessions the first from 17 September 1656 until 26 June 1657 and a second from 20 January until 4 February 1658. The Second
697:
to be allowed to take their seats. But to make sure that the House would be compliant to their wishes, Cromwell nominated 63 members to
440:
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392:
380:
368:
344:
320:
399:
387:
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708:
This triggered a wave of republican protest in the House of Commons which spread to the rank and file of the Army. Amidst fears of a
967:
789:
137:
125:
947:
540:
43:
972:
849:
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451:
101:
89:
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925:
D. L. Smith, 'Oliver Cromwell, the first Protectorate Parliament and religious reform' in Parliamentary History 19 (2000);
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740:
411:
243:
219:
435:
423:
351:
279:
606:
594:
574:
552:
551:. Royalists and Catholics were prevented from standing or voting under Articles XIV and XV. After the election the
528:
982:
919:
P. Gaunt, 'Cromwell's purge? Exclusions and the first Protectorate Parliament' in Parliamentary History 6 (1987);
698:
671:
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404:
332:
315:
308:
962:
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667:
533:
327:
303:
173:
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879:
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in the Army, and Cromwell. So encouraged, Cromwell with the support of the Grandees, pressed the house for a
291:
597:; the failure of the bill caused the so-called rule of the Major-Generals in the counties to end.
497:
113:
65:
865:
793:
785:
643:
77:
517:
504:. In its first session, the House of Commons was its only chamber; in the second session an
339:
149:
590:
524:
267:
255:
195:
183:
161:
902:
712:
revival and Royalist plots, under the prerogative granted to the Lord Protector by the
521:
936:
564:
622:
903:
Cromwell:The Oliver Cromwell Website: a select bibliography of books and articles
618:
709:
639:
630:
17:
544:
496:
sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with
693:
agreed to allow the MPs who had been excluded under Article VII of the
652:
634:
548:
493:
626:
563:
539:
The elections were held under the new written constitution called
508:
with a power of veto over the decisions of the Commons was added.
848:, vol. 2, Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans., p.
573:
the Naylor case and the third was constitutional reform (the
42:
716:, Oliver Cromwell dissolved Parliament on 4 February 1658.
823:
821:
762:
List of MPs elected to the English parliament in 1656
726:
List of MPs elected to the English parliament in 1656
364:
2nd Parliament of King William III and Queen Mary II
884:, The British Civil Wars & Commonwealth website
681:. Parliament then went into recess for the summer.
543:. It included returning up to thirty members from
705:, 42 accepted and 37 came to the first meeting.
782:Oliver Cromwell: Historical Association studies
649:
601:Introduction of the Humble Petition and Advice
469:
8:
661:Acceptance of the Humble Petition and Advice
520:Parliament was summoned reluctantly by the
476:
462:
31:
858:The House of Lords During the Civil War
773:
34:
881:Second Protectorate Parliament 1656-58
827:
651:That James Naylor shall be put in the
812:
625:, a Quaker, reenacted the arrival of
7:
589:The House voted down Major-General
978:1650s disestablishments in England
400:5th Parliament of King William III
388:4th Parliament of King William III
376:3rd Parliament of King William III
25:
953:17th-century English parliaments
138:3rd Parliament of King Charles I
126:2nd Parliament of King Charles I
856:Firth, Charles Harding (2009),
502:Speaker of the House of Commons
27:17th-century English parliament
943:1656 establishments in England
757:List of parliaments of England
737:Second Protectorate Parliament
647:resolution for his blasphemy:
547:and up to another thirty from
490:Second Protectorate Parliament
452:List of parliaments of England
232:Second Protectorate Parliament
102:4th Parliament of King James I
90:3rd Parliament of King James I
1:
860:, BiblioBazaar, LLC, p.
745:Third Protectorate Parliament
741:First Protectorate Parliament
412:6th Parliament of William III
244:Third Protectorate Parliament
220:First Protectorate Parliament
436:2nd Parliament of Queen Anne
424:1st Parliament of Queen Anne
844:Barrow, John Henry (1840),
999:
723:
714:Humble Petition and Advice
703:Humble Petition and Advice
679:Humble Petition and Advice
607:Humble Petition and Advice
575:Humble Petition and Advice
784:, Wiley-Blackwell, 1997,
316:Exclusion Bill Parliament
59:
56:
968:Republicanism in England
846:The Mirror of Parliament
695:Instrument of Government
579:Instrument of Government
541:Instrument of Government
304:Habeas Corpus Parliament
633:by riding a horse into
568:Sir Thomas Widdrington.
948:1658 disestablishments
720:List of constituencies
658:
569:
47:
35:Parliaments of England
973:Interregnum (England)
743:and succeeded by the
724:Further information:
567:
527:on the advice of the
352:Convention Parliament
280:Convention Parliament
208:Barebone's Parliament
46:
739:was preceded by the
536:(1654–1660).
292:Cavalier Parliament
268:Long Parliament (3)
256:Rump Parliament (2)
196:Rump Parliament (1)
184:Long Parliament (2)
162:Long Parliament (1)
570:
498:Thomas Widdrington
114:Useless Parliament
66:Blessed Parliament
48:
871:978-1-113-76991-6
798:978-0-631-20480-0
701:permitted by the
644:acts of attainder
534:Anglo-Spanish War
486:
485:
446:
445:
328:Oxford Parliament
174:Oxford Parliament
78:Addled Parliament
16:(Redirected from
990:
983:The Protectorate
892:
891:
889:
874:
852:
831:
825:
816:
810:
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553:Council of State
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340:Loyal Parliament
150:Short Parliament
54:
53:
32:
21:
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963:1658 in England
958:1657 in England
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897:Further reading
887:
885:
877:
872:
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843:
840:
835:
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830:, p. 1070.
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591:John Desborough
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525:Oliver Cromwell
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878:Plant, David,
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853:
839:
836:
833:
832:
817:
815:, p. 245.
805:
780:Gaunt, Peter.
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685:Second session
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672:second chamber
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595:Major-Generals
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529:Major-Generals
522:Lord Protector
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790:0-631-20480-6
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699:"Other House"
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560:First session
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888:10 September
886:, retrieved
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713:
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623:James Naylor
616:
604:
588:
585:Militia Bill
578:
571:
538:
518:Protectorate
515:
489:
487:
231:
29:
828:Barrow 1840
619:Palm Sunday
613:Naylor case
506:Other House
18:Naylor case
937:Categories
838:References
813:Firth 2009
731:Succession
512:Background
57:Parliament
710:Levellers
689:The Army
640:blasphemy
631:Jerusalem
37:1604–1705
751:See also
691:Grandees
668:Grandees
545:Scotland
417:Dec 1701
167:Nov 1640
155:Apr 1640
910:(1973);
850:p. 1070
653:pillory
635:Bristol
549:Ireland
500:as the
494:England
929:1903).
868:
802:p. 192
796:
788:
627:Christ
901:From
768:Notes
621:1656
890:2013
866:ISBN
794:ISBN
786:ISBN
735:The
488:The
441:1705
429:1702
405:1701
393:1698
381:1695
369:1690
357:1689
345:1685
333:1681
321:1680
309:1679
297:1661
285:1660
273:1660
261:1659
249:1659
237:1656
225:1654
213:1653
201:1648
189:1645
178:1644
143:1628
131:1626
119:1625
107:1624
95:1621
83:1614
71:1604
60:Date
862:245
629:in
617:On
492:in
939::
905::
864:,
820:^
800:.
792:,
747:.
674:.
609:.
581:.
477:e
470:t
463:v
20:)
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