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582:, and historical data demonstrating that worship of mountains and other water sources predominated in Nazca religion and economy from ancient to recent times. He theorized that the lines and figures were part of religious practices involving the worship of deities associated with the availability of water, which directly related to the success and productivity of crops. He interpreted the lines as sacred paths leading to places where these deities could be worshiped. The figures were symbols representing animals and objects meant to invoke the aid of the deities in supplying water. The precise meanings of many of the individual geoglyphs remain unknown.
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related to calendrical purpose, as proved by the presence of radial centers aligned along the directions of winter solstice and equinox sunset. As have earlier scholars, the two
Italians believe that the geoglyphs were the venues of events linked to the agriculture calendar. These also served to strengthen social cohesion among various groups of pilgrims, sharing common ancestors and religious beliefs.
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The first systematic field study of the geoglyphs was made by Markus
Reindel and Johny Cuadrado Isla. Since 1996, they have documented and excavated more than 650 sites. They compared the iconography of the lines to ceramics of the cultures. As archeologists, they believe that the figurative motifs
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project is huge and complex: the area encompassing the lines is nearly 450 km (170 sq mi), and the largest figures can span nearly 370 m (1,200 ft). Some figures have been measured: the hummingbird is 93 m (305 ft) long, the condor is 134 m (440 ft), the monkey
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I really had trouble finding good evidence to back up what she contended. Pitluga never laid out the criteria for selecting the lines she chose to measure, nor did she pay much attention to the archaeological data
Clarkson and Silverman had unearthed. Her case did little justice to other information
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Determining how they were made has been easier than determining why they were made. Scholars have theorized that the Nazca people could have used simple tools and surveying equipment to construct the lines. Archaeological surveys have found wooden stakes in the ground at the end of some lines, which
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in New York, is credited as the first scholar to study the Nazca Lines in depth. While in Peru in 1940–41 to study ancient irrigation systems, he flew over the lines and realized that one was in the shape of a bird. Another chance observation helped him see how lines converged on the horizon at the
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designs, including a hummingbird, arachnid, fish, condor, heron, monkey, lizard, dog, cat, and a human. Other shapes include trees and flowers. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs, but in general, they ascribe religious significance to them. They were designated in 1994 as a
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that are being assigned to the
Paracas culture. Many predate the associated Nazca lines by a thousand years. Some demonstrate a significant difference in the subjects and locations, such as some being on hillsides. Their co-discoverer, Peruvian archaeologist Luis Jaime Castillo Butters, indicates
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in 1968. In this book he describes his theory that the lines were used as landing sites for UFOs. Däniken claimed that the Nazca lines site reflected visits by astronauts from other worlds, who became the creators of ancient civilizations. According to Von Däniken, Sanskrit literature describes a
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techniques (from satellite to drone based remote sensing), they investigated and found "five groups of geoglyphs, each of them characterized by a specific motif and shape, and associated with a distinct function." They identified a ceremonial one, characterized by meandering motifs. Another is
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to fabricate the extremely long strings and wide pieces of textiles typical of the area. According to his theory, the figurative patterns (smaller and less common) were meant only for ritualistic purposes. This theory is not widely accepted, although scholars have noted similarities in patterns
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Some of the Nazca lines form shapes that are best seen from the air (at around 500 m ), although they are also visible from the surrounding foothills and other high places. The shapes are usually made from one continuous line. The largest ones are about 370 m (400 yd) long.
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were considered to not have any intellectual credibility or literary merit. Before Von Däniken's work, other authors had presented ideas of extraterrestrial contact with ancient humans, but he failed to credit these authors, even when making the same claims and also using identical or similar
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Most lines run straight across the landscape, but there are also figurative designs of animals and plants. The combined length of all the lines is more than 1,300 km (800 mi), and the group covers an area of about 50 km (19 sq mi). The lines are typically 10 to
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magazine describes recent work by a multi-disciplinary team of
Japanese researchers who identified or re-identified some of the birds depicted. They note that birds are the animals most frequently depicted in the Nazca geoglyphs. The team believes that some of the bird images that previous
393:-coated pebbles that cover the surface of the Nazca Desert. When this gravel is removed, the light-colored clay earth exposed in the bottom of the trench contrasts sharply in color and tone with the surrounding land surface, producing visible lines. This sub-layer contains high amounts of
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The Lines themselves are superficial, they are only 10 to 30 cm (4 to 12 in) deep and could be washed away... Nazca has only ever received a small amount of rain. But now there are great changes to the weather all over the world. The Lines cannot resist heavy rain without being
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supposedly soon returned where they built landing tracks and then eventually left forever. The amazed Native
Americans then considered Nazca a place of pilgrimage and generations of their people built more figures and runways as an invitation for gods to return, but they never did.
372:, an American investigator of the paranormal, religious artifacts, and folk mysteries, reproduced the figures in the early twenty-first century by using the same tools and technology that would have been available to the Nazca people. In so doing, he refuted the 1969 hypothesis of
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declared that his ideas were absurd and should be discarded. These scientists and archeologists also were able to prove that these lines could have been made using simple tools that would have been available to the people at the time they were created. Erich von Däniken's books
245:–coated pebbles to reveal a yellow-grey subsoil. The width of the lines varies considerably, but more than half are slightly more than 33 cm (13 in) wide. In some places they may be only 30 cm (12 in) wide, and in others reach 1.8 m (6 ft) wide.
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researchers assumed to be indigenous species more closely resemble exotic birds found in non-desert habitats. They speculated that "The reason exotic birds were depicted in the geoglyphs instead of indigenous birds is closely related to the purpose of the etching process."
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Lines forming the shape of a cat were discovered on a hill in 2020. The figure is on a steep slope prone to erosion, explaining why it had not previously been discovered until archaeologists carefully studied the image. Drones are revealing sites for further research.
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Los más conocidos son los dibujos de aves, de entre 259 y 275 metros de largo (colibríes, cóndores, la garza, la grulla, el pelícano, la gaviota, el loro y otras), el mono, la araña, el caracol, la lagartija, la ballena, el perro, las dos llamas, la serpiente y la
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activity on the site, as
Greenpeace activists set up a banner within the lines of one of the geoglyphs, damaging the site. Greenpeace issued an apology following the incident, though one of the activists was convicted and fined for their part in causing damage.
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Other theories were that the geometric lines could indicate water flow or irrigation schemes, or be a part of rituals to "summon" water. The spiders, birds, and plants may be fertility symbols. It also has been theorized that the lines could act as an
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was arrested but later released for lack of evidence indicating any intent other than a simple error. He had damaged three of the geoglyphs by leaving substantial tire marks across an area of approximately 46 m by 107 m (150 by 350 feet).
229:. They were created between 500 BC and 500 AD by people making depressions or shallow incisions in the desert floor, removing pebbles and leaving different-colored dirt exposed. There are two major phases of the Nazca lines,
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Alberto Rossel Castro (1977) proposed a multi-functional interpretation of the geoglyphs. He classified them into three groups: the first appeared to be tracks connected to irrigation and field division, the second are lines that are
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Las figuras más representativas son conocidas como la araña, el mono y el colibrí, además del cóndor, el pelícano, la gaviota, el caracol, la ballena, la serpiente y la llama, además de otras que representan plantas o figuras
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have conducted research in Pampa de Atarco, about 10 km (6 mi) south of Pampa de Nasca, which they believe reveals a spatial, functional and religious relationship between these geoglyphs and the temples of
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runs parallel to it. The main concentration of designs is in a 10 by 4 km (6 by 2 mi) rectangle, south of the hamlet of San Miguel de la
Pascana. In this area, the most notable geoglyphs are visible.
253:, the lines have mostly been preserved naturally. Extremely rare changes in weather may temporarily alter the general designs. As of 2012, the lines are said to have been deteriorating because of an influx of
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380:" had constructed these works. With careful planning and simple technologies, Nickell proved that a small team of people could recreate even the largest figures within days, without any aerial assistance.
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story in which an aircraft landed on Earth, and the local people watched in amazement as "human-like beings with golden, shimmering skins" walked, mined for metals and then flew away in their ship. These
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Luis Monzón (1586) "Descripcion de la tierra del repartimiento de los rucanas antamarcas de la corona real, jurisdicion de la ciudad de
Guamanga. año de 1586." in: Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed.,
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818:, and a team of specialists surveyed the area. He said, "he mudslides and heavy rains did not appear to have caused any significant damage to the Nazca Lines". He noted that the nearby Southern
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The number of known Nazca geoglyphs amounted to 358 in 2022. Drones now are being used to assist the anthropologists researching the area and are expected to enable them to discover many more.
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Masini, Nicola; Orefici, Giuseppe; Danese, Maria; Pecci, Antonio; Scavone, Manuela; Lasaponara, Rosa (2016). "Cahuachi and Pampa de Atarco: Towards
Greater Comprehension of Nasca Geoglyphs".
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Based on the results of geophysical investigations and the observation of geological faults, David Johnson argued that some geoglyphs followed the paths of aquifers from which aqueducts (or
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Although the lines were partially visible from nearby hills, the first to report them in the twentieth century were Peruvian military and civilian pilots. In 1927, Peruvian archaeologist
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420:. In March 2012, the university announced that it would open a new research center at the site in September 2012, related to a longterm project to study the area for the next 15 years.
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Kosok began to study how the lines might have been created, as well as to try to determine their purpose. He was joined by archaeologist Richard P. Schaedel from the United States, and
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Hesse, Ralf (March 2015). "Combining Structure-from-Motion with high and intermediate resolution satellite images to document threats to archaeological heritage in arid environments".
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is 93 by 58 m (305 by 190 ft), and the spider is 47 m (154 ft). The very dry, windless, and constant climate of the Nazca region has preserved the lines well.
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Most of the lines are formed on the ground by a shallow trench, with a depth between 10 and 15 cm (4 and 6 in). Such trenches were made by removing the reddish-brown,
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Reindel, Marcus, Wagner, Günther A. (2009) (Eds.) New Technologies for Archaeology: Multidisciplinary Investigations in Nasca and Palpa, Peru. Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin
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Johnson, David W.; Proulx, Donald A.; Mabee, Stephen B. (2002). "The Correlation Between Geoglyphs and Subterranean Water Resources in the Río Grande de Nazca Drainage".
354:, to try to determine the purpose of the Nazca Lines. They proposed that the figures were designed as astronomical markers on the horizon to show where the sun and other
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specializing in Egypt and the Middle East, published a book in 1983 linking the Nazca Lines to the production of ancient textiles that archeologists have found wrapping
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is considered by some historians to be the possible precursor that influenced the development of the Nazca Lines. In 2018, drones used by archaeologists revealed 25
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The Greenpeace incident also directed attention to other damage to geoglyphs outside of the World Heritage area caused in 2012 and 2013 by off-road vehicles of the
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Mejía Xesspe, Toribio (1939) "Acueductos y caminos antiguos de la hoya del Río Grande de Nazca" (Aqueducts and ancient roads of the Rio Grand valley in Nazca),
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that many of these newly discovered geoglyphs represent warriors. The Paracas is the same group that some believe created the well-known geoglyph known as the
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Julia Sánchez Cano comparte en Las Fotos de los Lectores de La Vanguardia una imagen de la Araña que forma parte del conjunto de las líneas de Nazca, en Perú.
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cultures in the Americas and elsewhere constructed earthworks that combined such astronomical sighting with their religious cosmology, as did the late
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Figuras como el colibrí, la ballena, el mono, el astronauta, el espiral, el perro, la mano, el árbol y la flor, son algunos de los más emblemáticos.
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They saw a monkey, a parrot, a flower, a hummingbird, a giant figure that's been dubbed the astronaut and a series of spirals and straight lines.
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Eda, Masaki; Yamasaki, Takeshi; Sakai, Masato (20 June 2019). "Identifying the bird figures of the Nasca pampas: An ornithological perspective".
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about the coastal cultures, save applying, with subtle contortions, Urton's representations of constellations from the highlands. As historian
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was fascinated by Nazca and was also a strong believer in extraterrestrial visitations. Von Däniken published a best-selling book titled
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In 2012, squatters occupied land in the area, damaging a Nazca-era cemetery and allowing their pigs to have access to some of the land.
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In 2013, machinery used in a limestone quarry was reported to have destroyed a small section of a line, and caused damage to another.
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1715:("and there are signs of streets"). Munzón asked elderly Indians about the ruins. They told him that before the Inca, a people whom
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Feder, Kenneth L. Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology. 6th ed., Oxford University Press, 2008.
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rose on significant dates. Archaeologists, historians, and mathematicians have all tried to determine the purpose of the lines.
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The Nazca used this technique to "draw" several hundred simple, but huge, curvilinear animal and human figures. In total, the
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After flooding and mudslides in the area in mid-February 2007, Mario Olaechea Aquije, archaeological resident from Peru's
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and a protégé of Reiche, performed computer-aided studies of star alignments. She asserted the giant spider figure is an
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did suffer damage, and "the damage done to the roads should serve as a reminder to just how fragile these figures are."
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717:. In a critique of her analysis, Dr. Anthony F. Aveni noted she did not account for the other 12 lines of the figure.
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between the textiles and the Nazca Lines. They interpret these similarities as arising from the common culture.
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709:. She further suggested that three of the straight lines leading to the figure were used to track the changing
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500:, to point to the places on the distant horizon where the sun and other celestial bodies rose or set at the
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Aerial photograph of one of the Nazca lines, taken in July 2015, that shows the design known as "The monkey"
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The discovery of 143 new geoglyphs on the Nazca Pampa and in the surrounding area was announced in 2019 by
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spotted them while he was hiking through the foothills. He discussed them at a conference in Lima in 1939.
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2428:"Satellite and close range analysis for the surveillance and knowledge improvement of the Nasca geoglyphs"
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in Chicago, had concluded that the animal figures were "representations of heavenly shapes." According to
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496:, as has been common in monuments of other ancient cultures: the lines were intended to act as a kind of
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3072:"Líneas de Nazca: los misteriosos geoglifos que desatan teorías sobre su origen e intrigan a la ciencia"
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evidence. Nevertheless, Von Däniken's books drew in thousands of visitors and believers to the site.
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Art, Nature, and Religion in the Central Andes: Themes and Variations from Prehistory to the Present
538:, concluded in 1990 that the evidence was insufficient to support such an astronomical explanation.
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1744:(Proceedings and scientific works of the 27th international congress of American anthropologists),
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Farther north from the Nazca, Palpas region and along the Peruvian coast are other glyphs from the
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Conservationists who seek to preserve the Nazca Lines are concerned about threats of pollution and
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characterized Nickell's work as "remarkable in its exactness" when compared to the existing lines.
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In 1569, Luis Monzón reported having seen ancient ruins in Peru, including the remains of "roads".
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have studied the ancient Nazca culture to try to determine the purpose of the lines and figures.
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y por algunas partes delos arenales se veen señales, paraque atinen el camino que han de llevar
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2833:"A truck driver inexplicably plowed over a 2,000-year-old site in Peru, damaging the designs"
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connected with mounds and cairns, and the third was linked to astronomical interpretations.
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The discovery of two new small figures was announced in early 2011 by a Japanese team from
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1689:(in Spanish) (Nuevamente Escrita ed.). Antwerp, Belgium: Martin Nucio. p. 141.
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15 cm (4–6 in) deep. They were made by removing the top layer of reddish-brown
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The high, arid plateau stretches more than 80 km (50 mi) between the towns of
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555:, Pitluga "contends they are not shapes of constellations, but of what might be called
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Stanish, Charles; Tantaleán, Henry; Nigra, Benjamin T.; Griffin, Laura (20 May 2014).
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2967:"A 2,300-year-old architectural and astronomical complex in the Chincha Valley, Peru"
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Robert McG. Thomas Jr, "Maria Reiche, 95, Keeper of an Ancient Peruvian Puzzle, Dies"
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Between the Lines: The Mystery of the Giant Ground Drawings of Ancient Nasca, Peru
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Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures
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Satellite picture of an area containing lines: north is to the right (coordinates:
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Between the Lines: The Mystery of the Giant Ground Drawings of Ancient Nasca, Peru
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563:." Anthony Aveni criticized her work for failing to account for all the details.
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3221:"Could this Southern California man have solved the mystery of the Nazca Lines?"
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2241:"Scientists Discover 168 Mysterious Nazca Geoglyphs in The Desert Sands of Peru"
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Digging Through History: Archaeology and Religion from Atlantis to the Holocaust
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545:. By 1998, Phyllis B. Pitluga, a protégé of Reiche and senior astronomer at the
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1729:"A éstos les hacian caminos, que hoy dia son vistos, tan anchos como una calle"
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3883:
3763:
2452:
2427:
1995:""Scientists Identify Exotic Birds Depicted in Peru's Mysterious Nazca Lines""
832:
524:
in Ireland has tombs that are oriented to admit light at the winter solstice.
517:
481:
390:
331:
265:
3434:
3112:"Las enigmáticas líneas de Nazca posiblemente señalizaban caminos y senderos"
2121:"Peruvian archeologists unveil giant cat carved into Nazca Lines UNESCO site"
672:
659:
118:
105:
5268:
5263:
5223:
5193:
5168:
5128:
5058:
5018:
4978:
4953:
4933:
4888:
4843:
4813:
4653:
4623:
4618:
4603:
4598:
4588:
4293:
4273:
4178:
3978:
3948:
3878:
3838:
3793:
3659:
3552:
2991:
864:
601:
560:
521:
493:
489:
438:
254:
5133:
5113:
5008:
4163:
3351:
Hidden History: Lost Civilizations, Secret Knowledge, and Ancient Mysteries
3010:
1742:
Actas y Trabajos Cientificos del 27 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas
559:, the irregularly-shaped dark patches within the twinkling expanse of the
5318:
5088:
5003:
4988:
4958:
4738:
4733:
4703:
4408:
4348:
4283:
4168:
3988:
3903:
3823:
3788:
3671:
3580:
3379:
The Geoglyphs of Palpa, Peru: Documentation, Analysis, and Interpretation
2210:"Scratching the surface: drones cast new light on mystery of Nazca Lines"
1707:, volume 1 (Madrid, Spain: Manuel G. Hernandez, 1881), pp. 197–216. On
1189:
634:
501:
417:
218:
1731:("To those they made paths, that are seen today, as wide as a street").
5178:
5173:
4963:
4828:
4803:
4578:
4473:
4413:
4393:
4123:
3983:
3675:
3663:
3190:
2746:"Greenpeace activist fined, sentenced for damaging Nazca Lines in Peru"
1562:
1475:
Gardner's Art Through the Ages: Ancient, medieval, and non-European art
788:
618:
593:
513:
398:
3427:
GIS-based Management and Analysis of the Geoglyphs in the Palpa Region
2064:"143 New Geoglyphs Discovered on the Nasca Pampa and Surrounding Area"
1346:
613:
of geoglyphs can be dated to having been made between 600 and 200 BC.
5358:
5258:
5213:
5148:
5083:
4948:
4728:
4558:
4323:
4318:
3958:
3758:
3728:
3258:"New Nazca Lines geoglyphs uncovered by gales and sandstorms in Peru"
290:
77:
1271:
SpatioTemporalities on the Line: Representations-Practices-Dynamics
5368:
5333:
5288:
5078:
4848:
3848:
3667:
3586:
3564:
3207:
An aerial view of the Whale Nazca Lines in the Nazca desert, Peru.
649:
541:
Maria Reiche asserted that some or all of the figures represented
455:
441:. One of these was found by using machine learning-based methods.
366:
and was the basis for establishing the age of the design complex.
282:
516:
and other sites in present-day United States. Another example is
4278:
3602:
3529:
3181:"Archaeologists Discover New Geoglyphs Near Nazca Lines in Peru"
2936:"Archaeologists discover new geoglyphs near Nazca Lines in Peru"
605:
351:
294:
226:
56:
3690:
3498:
2273:
Kingdom of the Sun God: A History of the Andes and Their People
1803:. Lexington, Ky: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 13–16.
3413:
The Nazca Lines: A New Perspective on their Origin and Meaning
1840:(1989 ed.). London: Souvenir Press, Ltd. pp. 30–32.
260:
The figures vary in complexity. Hundreds are simple lines and
3396:
The Nazca Lines Revisited: Creation of a Full-Sized Duplicate
3297:"La Nasa desvela imágenes de las misteriosas líneas de Nazca"
2614:"Flooding and tourism threaten Peru's mysterious Nazca Lines"
2178:"Huge cat found etched into desert among Nazca Lines in Peru"
1378:"Huge cat found etched into desert among Nazca Lines in Peru"
209:
183:
293:
de Jumana, approximately 400 km (250 mi) south of
2151:"Large 2,000-year-old cat discovered in Peru's Nazca lines"
600:. He contended that the people may have used the lines and
192:
249:
Because of its isolation and the dry, windless, stable
310:
The first published mention of the Nazca Lines was by
2522:"What is the mystery behind the ancient Nazca lines?"
1800:
Unsolved History: Investigating Mysteries of the Past
896:
The following are images of some of the Nazca lines.
206:
189:
186:
180:
3151:"Este es el misterio de las líneas de Nazca en Perú"
2388:
2386:
2384:
1274:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 97–.
3632:
3611:
3545:
2914:"Massive Ancient Drawings Found in Peruvian Desert"
2091:"AI helps discover new geoglyph in the Nazca Lines"
1898:
The Glitter in the Green: In Search of Hummingbirds
1263:
1261:
1259:
720:He commented generally on her conclusions, saying:
177:
95:
83:
73:
63:
49:
28:
3219:
2863:"Truck tracks, wolf lawsuit and a fertility first"
2612:
1761:Three Stones Make a Wall: The Story of Archaeology
3491: (archived 8 October 2013) by Katherine Reece
2426:Masini, Nicola; Lasaponara, Rosa (January 2020).
761:At the time of Erich von Däniken's publishing of
729:might ask: was she getting the pampa she desired?
3336:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
2720:"Greenpeace sorry for Nazca lines stunt in Peru"
2663:"Pigs and squatters threaten Peru's Nazca lines"
1558:"Pigs and squatters threaten Peru's Nazca lines"
831:In December 2014, a controversy arose involving
350:, a German mathematician and archaeologist from
2971:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
797:
3145:
3143:
2773:"Peruvians Spar Over Protecting Ancient Sites"
2771:Dube, Ryan; Kozak, Robert (29 December 2014).
314:in his book of 1553, and he described them as
3702:
3510:
2501:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
8:
2694:"Peru: Heavy machinery destroys Nazca lines"
1711:, Munzón notes seeing ancient ruins, saying
1195:List of archaeoastronomical sites by country
21:
1764:. Princeton University Press. p. 292.
843:, which is visible from satellite imagery.
3709:
3695:
3687:
3517:
3503:
3495:
3106:
3104:
3102:
2651:, 20 February 2007. Accessed 2 April 2007.
2022:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
1965:"University to open center at Nazca Lines"
1594:. Springer Science & Business Media;
697:Phyllis Pitluga, senior astronomer at the
38:
20:
3581:Historical Centre of the City of Arequipa
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3000:
2990:
2451:
2066:. Yamagata University. 15 November 2019.
362:supports this theory. One such stake was
3475:Nazca Designs and Lines at Discover Peru
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1347:"Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa"
1268:Sebastian Dorsch; Jutta Vinzent (2017).
734:Pseudoscientific extraterrestrial origin
3381:. Lindensoft Verlag, Aichwald/Germany.
3374:Brooklyn: Long Island University Press.
2583:"The Nazca lines-Messages to the Gods?"
1225:
898:
783:Preservation and environmental concerns
765:, scientists and archeologists such as
1705:Relaciones geográficas de Indias: Peru
3372:Life, Land and Water in Ancient Peru,
2752:from the original on 23 November 2017
2251:from the original on 14 December 2022
2101:from the original on 24 December 2019
2070:from the original on 17 November 2019
1570:from the original on 20 December 2019
1357:from the original on 20 February 2022
1340:
1338:
82:
72:
62:
48:
7:
3539:List of World Heritage Sites in Peru
3070:Charpentier, Denisse (2 July 2023).
3037:from the original on 21 January 2021
2893:from the original on 17 January 2024
2843:from the original on 3 February 2018
2645:"Peru: Nazca Lines escape mudslides"
2239:Cassella, Carly (13 December 2022).
2220:from the original on 10 January 2022
2188:from the original on 19 October 2020
2157:from the original on 18 October 2020
2131:from the original on 21 October 2020
1307:
1305:
1303:
1288:from the original on 29 January 2024
2673:from the original on 7 October 2020
2473:. New York: The New Press. p.
2276:. New York: Facts on File. p.
2089:Vincent, James (19 November 2019).
1915:from the original on 28 August 2023
1876:from the original on 9 January 2024
1817:from the original on 28 August 2023
1778:from the original on 28 August 2023
1485:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; 1991.
147:
16:Geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert, Peru
5445:Archaeological sites in Ica Region
3270:from the original on 23 April 2024
3234:from the original on 14 April 2024
3084:from the original on 3 August 2023
2873:(7691): 150–151. 7 February 2018.
2831:Rosenberg, Eli (1 February 2018).
2785:from the original on 7 August 2017
2593:from the original on 29 April 2022
2563:from the original on 29 April 2022
2532:from the original on 29 April 2022
1758:Cline, Eric H. (6 November 2018).
1441:. American Philosophical Society.
1388:from the original on 26 March 2021
1319:. 22 February 2017. Archived from
14:
5450:Tourist attractions in Ica Region
3481: (archived 22 September 2023)
3411:Reinhard, Johan (1996) (6th ed.)
3256:Dearden, Lizzie (4 August 2014).
3161:from the original on 8 March 2023
3033:(in Spanish). 17 September 2019.
3025:"La Araña de las líneas de Nazca"
2946:from the original on 20 July 2019
2912:Greshko, Michael (5 April 2018).
2726:from the original on 29 July 2016
2625:from the original on 18 June 2022
2551:Fagan, Brian (29 November 1998).
2198:(featuring many images and links)
2001:from the original on 23 June 2019
1941:. 20 January 2011. Archived from
3601:
3332:Aveni, Anthony F. (ed.) (1990).
3197:from the original on 28 May 2018
2696:. Peru this Week. Archived from
1935:"Team finds more Peru geoglyphs"
1412:Glomb, Jason (8 November 2010).
1137:
1117:
1101:
1085:
1069:
1057:
1041:
1025:
1009:
997:
981:
965:
949:
933:
917:
901:
888:that have also been discovered.
202:
173:
146:
139:
5405:1927 archaeological discoveries
3307:from the original on 4 May 2024
3303:(in Spanish). 30 January 2016.
3124:from the original on 8 May 2023
3120:(in Spanish). 16 January 2021.
1971:. 22 March 2012. Archived from
1662:. Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.
1455:from the original on 4 May 2024
1345:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
1244:from the original on 4 May 2024
156:Location of Nazca lines in Peru
3592:Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System
3462:Nazca geoglyphs as the Sky map
2467:Brown, Cynthia Stokes (2007).
2176:Jones, Sam (18 October 2020).
1376:Jones, Sam (18 October 2020).
488:advanced a purpose related to
1:
5400:5th-century BC establishments
4929:Quriwayrachina, La Convención
3367:. PARA Web Bibliography B-01.
2692:Manuel Vigo (14 March 2013).
2661:Taj, Mitra (17 August 2012).
2432:Remote Sensing of Environment
2323:Rossel Castro, Albert (1977)
2153:. BBC News. 18 October 2020.
1640:. University of Texas Press.
1556:Taj, Mitra (15 August 2012).
1538:. University of Texas Press.
816:National Institute of Culture
452:Speculation regarding purpose
343:in the Southern Hemisphere.
334:, an American historian from
5435:World Heritage Sites in Peru
5415:Archaeological sites in Peru
3718:Archaeological sites in Peru
3575:Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca
3468: (archived 28 May 2023)
3365:The 'Mysterious' Nazca Lines
3157:(in Spanish). 7 March 2023.
2818:10.1016/j.culher.2014.04.003
2806:Journal of Cultural Heritage
2403:10.1007/978-3-319-47052-8_12
2365:10.1007/978-1-4615-0597-6_12
2208:Collyns, Dan (24 May 2020).
2042:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.101875
1659:Religion and the Environment
1617:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1351:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
5034:Tampu Mach'ay, Huancavelica
3485:Grounding the Nasca Balloon
1836:von Däniken, Erich (1969).
1727:") inhabited the area, and
846:In January 2018, an errant
24:of Nasca and Palpa Cultures
5471:
4629:Ñawpallaqta, Huanca Sancos
4119:Huamanmarca, La Convención
3425:Sauerbier, Martin (2009).
2887:10.1038/d41586-018-01711-0
2589:. Globus. 25 August 2020.
2497:Aveni, Anthony F. (2006).
2327:, Lima: Editorial Universo
1895:Dunn, Jon (24 June 2021).
1611:Richard A. Freund (2016).
1505:Mystery of the Nazca Lines
578:published archaeological,
271:UNESCO World Heritage Site
233:, from 400 to 200 BC, and
31:UNESCO World Heritage Site
3724:
3654:
3598:
3536:
3377:Lambers, Karsten (2006).
2453:10.1016/j.rse.2019.111447
2345:Reindel and Wagner, 2009
1901:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1713:"y hay señales de calles"
1532:Anthony F. Aveni (2000).
1435:Anthony F. Aveni (1990).
805:Viktoria Nikitzki of the
637:. In particular, using
134:
37:
5440:Prehistoric inscriptions
5229:Wamanmarka, Chumbivilcas
4924:Quriwayrachina, Ayacucho
4784:Pumamarka, San Sebastián
4714:Pirca Pirca, La Libertad
3646:Rio Abiseo National Park
3440:Stierlin, Henri (1983).
3435:10.3929/ethz-a-005940066
3349:Haughton, Brian (2007).
2325:Arqueología Sur del Perú
646:Alternative speculations
221:made in the soil of the
4429:Llaqta Qulluy, Tayacaja
4219:Inka Wasi, Huancavelica
3619:Huascarán National Park
3570:Historic Centre of Lima
3444:. Paris: Albin Michel.
2992:10.1073/pnas.1406501111
2778:The Wall Street Journal
2395:The Ancient Nasca World
2028:(August 2019): 101875.
574:In 1985, archaeologist
423:A June 2019 article in
5074:The Toads of Wiraqucha
4524:Mawk'allaqta, La Unión
4514:Mawk'allaqta, Castilla
4424:Llaqta Qulluy, Conayca
4204:Inka Tampu, Vilcabamba
3639:Historic Sanctuary of
3363:Johnson, Emma (2007).
3227:Orange County Register
1588:Helaine Selin (2013).
1502:Hinman, Bonnie (2016).
812:
731:
713:of the three stars of
686:
557:counter constellations
464:
460:Nazca Lines seen from
376:, who suggested that "
336:Long Island University
257:inhabiting the lands.
251:climate of the plateau
5189:Ventanillas de Otuzco
4774:Pukara, Vilcas Huamán
4519:Mawk'allaqta, Espinar
4419:Llaqta Qulluy, Acoria
4339:Kunturmarka, Ayacucho
4249:Inti Watana, Urubamba
4239:Inti Watana, Ayacucho
4199:Inka Tampu, Huayopata
3391:Nickell, Joe (1983).
2357:Andean Archaeology II
2270:Cameron, Ian (1990).
1838:Chariots of the Gods?
1797:Nickell, Joe (2005).
1424:on 28 September 2019.
1215:Uffington White Horse
776:Chariots of the Gods?
763:Chariots of the Gods?
749:Chariots of the Gods?
722:
692:astronomical calendar
653:
510:Mississippian culture
459:
119:14.69750°S 75.13500°W
5364:Yanaqi - Qillqamarka
4919:Quriwayrachina, Anta
4639:Ñawpallaqta, Lucanas
4634:Ñawpallaqta, Fajardo
4539:Mawk'allaqta, Sandia
4534:Mawk'allaqta, Paruro
4529:Mawk'allaqta, Melgar
4434:Llaqta Qulluy, Vilca
4379:Laguna de las Momias
4194:Inka Raqay, Ayacucho
4189:Inka Raqay, Apurímac
3779:Awkimarka (Apurímac)
3734:Ahuila Gencha Machay
3577:and Pampas de Jumana
3526:World Heritage Sites
3401:13 June 2016 at the
3370:Kosok, Paul (1965).
3230:. 23 December 2021.
2722:. 11 December 2014.
2397:. pp. 239–278.
2359:. pp. 307–332.
2306:4 March 2018 at the
1686:La Chronica del Peru
1681:Cieza de León, Pedro
1634:Mary Strong (2012).
820:Pan-American Highway
604:as giant, primitive
326:Toribio Mejía Xesspe
124:-14.69750; -75.13500
69:Cultural: i, iii, iv
5014:Soro Mik'aya Patjxa
4909:Qurimarka, Apurímac
4824:Purunllacta, Soloco
4789:Pumamarka, Urubamba
4214:Inka Wasi, Ayacucho
4134:Huaycán de Pariachi
3929:Choquequirao Puquio
3889:Chauchilla Cemetery
3784:Awkimarka (Huánuco)
3561:Archaeological Site
3555:Archaeological Zone
3415:. Lima: Los Pinos.
2983:2014PNAS..111.7218S
2918:National Geographic
2879:2018Natur.554..150.
2444:2020RSEnv.23611447M
2312:The New York Times,
2034:2019JArSR..26j1875E
1866:Scientific American
1418:National Geographic
1175:Celestial mechanics
1064:Phytomorphic glyphs
772:Arrival of the Gods
707:constellation Orion
669: /
622:) collected water.
504:. Many prehistoric
435:Yamagata University
414:Yamagata University
383:Scientific American
312:Pedro Cieza de León
264:; more than 70 are
115: /
25:
22:Lines and Geoglyphs
5244:Wanakawri, Huánuco
4819:Purunllacta, Cheto
4679:Paracas Candelabra
4344:Kunturmarka, Pasco
4244:Inti Watana, Calca
3624:Manu National Park
3393:Skeptical Inquirer
3334:The Lines of Nazca
1510:4 May 2024 at the
1480:4 May 2024 at the
1438:The Lines of Nazca
1323:on 29 October 2018
1238:Collins Dictionary
874:Paracas Candelabra
755:ancient astronauts
687:
552:The New York Times
465:
378:ancient astronauts
5382:
5381:
4759:Pukara, Coporaque
4719:Pirca Pirca, Lima
4084:Huaca Huallamarca
3894:Chavín de Huantar
3684:
3683:
3442:La Clé du Mystère
3117:La Crónica de Hoy
2977:(20): 7218–7223.
2924:on 5 August 2019.
2557:Los Angeles Times
2484:978-1-59558-196-9
2412:978-3-319-47050-4
2374:978-1-4613-5150-4
1908:978-1-5266-1311-0
1862:"The Big Picture"
1847:978-0-285-62911-0
1810:978-0-8131-9137-9
1771:978-0-691-18425-8
1668:978-0-230-28634-4
1646:978-0-292-73571-2
1623:978-1-4422-0883-4
1600:978-94-017-0149-5
1544:978-0-292-70496-1
1521:978-1-68077-242-5
1491:978-0-15-503770-0
1281:978-3-11-046578-5
1180:Cerne Abbas Giant
1128:) or The Spiral (
940:The Hummingbird (
744:Erich von Däniken
699:Adler Planetarium
547:Adler Planetarium
374:Erich von Däniken
297:. The main PE-1S
217:) are a group of
165:
164:
5462:
5410:Archaeoastronomy
5239:Wanakawri, Cusco
5234:Wamanmarka, Lima
5069:Templo del Zorro
4914:Qurimarka, Cusco
4404:Llamachayuq Qaqa
4384:Lauricocha Caves
4369:K'allapayuq Urqu
4354:Kusichaka valley
4099:Huaca San Marcos
4074:Huaca del Dragón
4069:Huaca de la Luna
3739:Amaru Marka Wasi
3711:
3704:
3697:
3688:
3606:
3605:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3496:
3471:
3353:. Career Press.
3321:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3293:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3186:Voice of America
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3108:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3067:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2994:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2920:. Archived from
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2658:
2652:
2643:Living in Peru.
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2587:Revealing Travel
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2518:
2512:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2390:
2379:
2378:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2336:Stierlin (1983)
2334:
2328:
2321:
2315:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1975:on 26 March 2012
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1755:
1749:
1738:
1732:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1677:
1671:
1655:
1649:
1632:
1626:
1609:
1603:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1553:
1547:
1530:
1524:
1500:
1494:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1420:. Archived from
1409:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1309:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1265:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1230:
1170:Blythe Intaglios
1141:
1121:
1105:
1089:
1073:
1061:
1045:
1029:
1013:
1001:
985:
969:
953:
937:
921:
905:
810:
740:pseudoscientific
727:Jacquetta Hawkes
684:
683:
681:
680:
679:
674:
670:
667:
666:
665:
662:
630:Giuseppe Orefici
536:archaeoastronomy
356:celestial bodies
299:Panamericana Sur
262:geometric shapes
216:
215:
212:
211:
208:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
150:
149:
143:
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
42:
32:
26:
5470:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5425:Prehistoric art
5385:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5354:Wiraqucha Pirqa
5099:Toquepala Caves
4864:Qillqay Mach'ay
4764:Pukara, Fajardo
4489:Marcahuamachuco
4459:Machu Pitumarka
4289:Jisk'a Iru Muqu
4259:Intini Uyu Pata
4174:Incahuasi, Lima
4104:Huaca Santa Ana
4029:Guitarrero Cave
3854:Caves of Sumbay
3754:Asiru Phat'jata
3720:
3715:
3685:
3680:
3650:
3628:
3607:
3600:
3596:
3585:Sacred City of
3541:
3532:
3523:
3489:Wayback Machine
3479:Wayback Machine
3469:
3466:Wayback Machine
3458:
3403:Wayback Machine
3329:
3324:
3310:
3308:
3295:
3294:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3263:The Independent
3255:
3254:
3250:
3237:
3235:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3200:
3198:
3193:. 28 May 2018.
3189:. Palpa, Peru.
3179:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3127:
3125:
3110:
3109:
3100:
3087:
3085:
3069:
3068:
3053:
3040:
3038:
3023:
3022:
3018:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2942:. 29 May 2018.
2934:
2933:
2929:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2837:Washington Post
2830:
2829:
2825:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2748:. 20 May 2017.
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2700:on 29 July 2013
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2619:The Independent
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2392:
2391:
2382:
2375:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2322:
2318:
2308:Wayback Machine
2299:
2295:
2288:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2191:
2189:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1945:on 15 July 2012
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1872:(6): 84. 1983.
1860:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1811:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1772:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1739:
1735:
1702:
1698:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1656:
1652:
1633:
1629:
1610:
1606:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1531:
1527:
1512:Wayback Machine
1501:
1497:
1482:Wayback Machine
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1449:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1411:
1410:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1282:
1267:
1266:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1210:Tourism in Peru
1205:Simone Waisbard
1200:Marilyn Bridges
1185:History of Peru
1156:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1122:
1113:
1106:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1053:
1046:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
988:The Astronaut (
986:
977:
970:
961:
954:
945:
938:
929:
922:
913:
906:
894:
886:Chincha culture
882:
880:Chinchas glyphs
861:Paracas culture
857:
811:
804:
795:in the region.
785:
736:
705:diagram of the
677:
675:
671:
668:
663:
660:
658:
656:
655:
648:
598:Paracas culture
468:Anthropologists
454:
341:winter solstice
308:
279:
205:
201:
176:
172:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
153:
152:
151:
123:
121:
117:
114:
109:
106:
104:
102:
101:
59:, South America
45:
30:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5468:
5466:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5387:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5309:Wayna Tawqaray
5306:
5301:
5299:Wat'a, Huánuco
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5209:Viracochapampa
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5184:Venado cautivo
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5159:Usnu, Ayacucho
5156:
5151:
5146:
5144:Uchkus Inkañan
5141:
5139:T'uqu T'uquyuq
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4364:Khuchi Mach'ay
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4269:Intiyuq K'uchu
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4094:Huaca Pucllana
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4039:Hatun Misapata
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3869:Cerro Trinidad
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3472:
3457:
3456:External links
3454:
3453:
3452:
3438:
3423:
3409:
3406:
3389:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3347:
3344:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3281:
3248:
3211:
3172:
3139:
3098:
3080:(in Spanish).
3051:
3016:
2957:
2927:
2904:
2854:
2823:
2812:(2): 192–201.
2796:
2763:
2737:
2711:
2684:
2653:
2649:Living in Peru
2636:
2604:
2574:
2543:
2513:
2490:
2483:
2459:
2418:
2411:
2380:
2373:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2316:
2293:
2286:
2262:
2231:
2200:
2168:
2142:
2112:
2081:
2055:
2012:
1986:
1956:
1926:
1907:
1887:
1853:
1846:
1828:
1809:
1789:
1770:
1750:
1733:
1723:("they called
1696:
1672:
1650:
1627:
1604:
1581:
1548:
1525:
1495:
1466:
1447:
1427:
1399:
1368:
1334:
1299:
1280:
1255:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1003:
996:
994:
987:
980:
978:
971:
964:
962:
955:
948:
946:
939:
932:
930:
923:
916:
914:
907:
900:
893:
890:
881:
878:
869:Palpa province
856:
853:
802:
784:
781:
735:
732:
647:
644:
639:remote sensing
586:Henri Stierlin
576:Johan Reinhard
543:constellations
528:Gerald Hawkins
476:archaeologists
462:SPOT Satellite
453:
450:
307:
304:
278:
275:
163:
162:
155:
154:
145:
144:
138:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
99:
93:
92:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
61:
60:
53:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5467:
5456:
5455:Nazca culture
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5375:
5374:Yuraq Mach'ay
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5164:Usnu, Huánuco
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:Qhapaq Kancha
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4839:Puyupatamarca
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:Ollantaytambo
4647:
4645:
4644:Ñusta Hispana
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
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4460:
4457:
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4427:
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4407:
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4400:
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4337:
4335:
4332:
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4327:
4325:
4322:
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4317:
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4312:
4310:
4309:Killa Mach'ay
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
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4260:
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4232:
4230:
4227:
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4222:
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4209:Inka Tunuwiri
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
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4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4149:Huayna Picchu
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4139:Huánuco Pampa
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:Huaca del Sol
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Hatun Rumiyoc
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:Guellayhuasin
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:El Cañoncillo
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
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3957:
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3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3829:Cajamarquilla
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:Baths of Boza
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3769:Auquilohuagra
3767:
3765:
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3593:
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3568:
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3565:City of Cuzco
3563:
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3548:
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3540:
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3486:
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3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3450:2-226-01864-6
3447:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3421:84-89291-17-9
3418:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3387:3-929290-32-4
3384:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3359:1-56414-897-1
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3342:0-87169-183-3
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3288:
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3099:
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3073:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3030:La Vanguardia
3026:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
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2824:
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2807:
2800:
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2741:
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2725:
2721:
2715:
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2699:
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2640:
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2608:
2605:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:0-292-70496-8
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2287:0-8160-2581-9
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2263:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1849:
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1839:
1832:
1829:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1790:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1762:
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1751:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
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1669:
1665:
1661:
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1654:
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1624:
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1608:
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1569:
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1529:
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1522:
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1509:
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1499:
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1492:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1454:
1450:
1448:9780871691835
1444:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:"Nasca Lines"
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:"Nazca Lines"
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Band of Holes
1163:
1161:
1160:Atacama Giant
1158:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
991:
990:el astronauta
984:
979:
975:
968:
963:
959:
952:
947:
943:
936:
931:
927:
920:
915:
911:
904:
899:
897:
891:
889:
887:
879:
877:
875:
870:
866:
862:
854:
852:
849:
844:
842:
837:
834:
829:
826:
823:
821:
817:
808:
801:
796:
794:
793:deforestation
790:
782:
780:
777:
773:
768:
764:
759:
756:
751:
750:
745:
741:
733:
730:
728:
721:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
682:
652:
645:
643:
640:
636:
631:
627:
626:Nicola Masini
623:
621:
620:
614:
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:art historian
587:
583:
581:
577:
572:
570:
564:
562:
558:
554:
553:
548:
544:
539:
537:
534:, experts in
533:
532:Anthony Aveni
529:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
477:
473:
469:
463:
458:
451:
449:
446:
442:
440:
436:
431:
428:
427:
421:
419:
415:
410:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
365:
359:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
337:
333:
329:
327:
322:
319:
317:
316:trail markers
313:
305:
303:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
274:
272:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
246:
244:
238:
236:
232:
231:Paracas phase
228:
224:
220:
214:
197:
170:
142:
133:
128:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
79:
76:
68:
66:
58:
54:
52:
41:
36:
33:
27:
19:
5304:Wayna Q'inti
5294:Wat'a, Cusco
5254:Waqra Pukara
5204:Vilcashuamán
4974:Sacsayhuamán
4904:Quri Winchus
4834:Pusuquy Pata
4809:Puqin Kancha
4769:Pukara, Puno
4464:Machu Q'inti
4449:Machu Picchu
4314:Killarumiyuq
4264:Intipa Ñawin
4184:Inka Mach'ay
4159:Huchuy Qosqo
4089:Huaca Prieta
4034:Hatun Machay
4014:Gran Pajatén
3924:Choquequirao
3919:Choquepuquio
3914:Chipaw Marka
3864:Cerro Pátapo
3641:Machu Picchu
3470:(in Russian)
3441:
3426:
3412:
3392:
3378:
3371:
3350:
3333:
3316:
3309:. Retrieved
3301:Diario Vasco
3300:
3272:. Retrieved
3261:
3251:
3243:
3236:. Retrieved
3225:
3214:
3206:
3199:. Retrieved
3184:
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3155:El Clarinete
3154:
3133:
3126:. Retrieved
3115:
3093:
3086:. Retrieved
3075:
3046:
3039:. Retrieved
3028:
3019:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2939:
2930:
2922:the original
2917:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2870:
2866:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2836:
2826:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2787:. Retrieved
2776:
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2698:the original
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2666:
2656:
2648:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2618:
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2586:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2556:
2546:
2534:. Retrieved
2525:
2516:
2498:
2493:
2469:
2462:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2394:
2356:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2314:15 June 1998
2311:
2296:
2272:
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2245:ScienceAlert
2244:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2214:The Guardian
2213:
2203:
2190:. Retrieved
2182:The Guardian
2181:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2124:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2094:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2058:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1973:the original
1968:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1943:the original
1938:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1897:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1869:
1865:
1856:
1837:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1799:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1760:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1690:
1685:
1675:
1657:
1653:
1635:
1630:
1612:
1607:
1589:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1561:
1551:
1533:
1528:
1503:
1498:
1473:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1437:
1430:
1422:the original
1417:
1390:. Retrieved
1382:the Guardian
1381:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1350:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:the original
1317:Guía Go2peru
1316:
1290:. Retrieved
1270:
1248:15 September
1246:. Retrieved
1237:
1228:
1145:
1144:The Flower (
1129:
1125:
1110:la lagartija
1109:
1108:The Lizard (
1093:
1092:The Parrot (
1077:
1049:
1033:
1032:The Monkey (
1017:
989:
973:
957:
956:The Condor (
941:
925:
909:
908:The Spider (
895:
883:
858:
855:Palpa glyphs
848:truck driver
845:
838:
830:
827:
824:
813:
807:Maria Reiche
798:
786:
775:
771:
767:Maria Reiche
762:
760:
747:
737:
723:
719:
715:Orion's Belt
711:declinations
696:
688:
673:14.7°S 75.°W
624:
617:
615:
611:
584:
580:ethnographic
573:
565:
556:
550:
540:
526:
520:in England.
486:Maria Reiche
480:
472:ethnologists
466:
447:
443:
432:
424:
422:
411:
403:
388:
381:
368:
364:carbon-dated
360:
348:Maria Reiche
345:
330:
323:
320:
309:
280:
259:
247:
243:ferric oxide
239:
225:in southern
223:Nazca Desert
168:
166:
18:
5395:Nazca Lines
5349:Wiñay Wayna
5344:Willkaraqay
5329:Wila Wilani
5284:Wari Willka
5274:Waraqu Urqu
5219:Waman Pirqa
5124:Tunay Q'asa
5104:Toro Muerto
5054:Taqrachullu
5044:Tanqa Tanqa
5039:Tampukancha
5029:Tambomachay
5024:Tambo Totem
4894:Qunchamarka
4884:Qullqapampa
4794:Pumaq Hirka
4744:Puka Pukara
4709:Pinkuylluna
4699:Pikimach'ay
4614:Nazca Lines
4609:Muyuq Marka
4594:Mullu Q'awa
4569:Mirq'imarka
4544:Mawk'ataray
4479:Maray Qalla
4469:Mallkuamaya
4454:Machu Pirqa
4444:Machu Colca
4399:Llamachayuq
4334:Kuntur Wasi
4229:Inkilltambo
4154:Huayrapongo
4114:Hualpayunca
4109:Huacramarca
4049:Hatun Uchku
4019:Gran Vilaya
3819:Buena Vista
3774:Awkin Punta
3077:BioBioChile
2756:26 November
2730:9 September
2553:"Maybe Not"
2470:Big History
2255:14 December
2105:24 December
2074:18 November
1969:Japan Times
1939:Japan Times
1670:. pp. 110–.
1602:. pp. 286–.
1361:20 February
1124:The Snail (
1076:The Hands (
1048:The Heron (
1004:The Pelican
972:The Whale (
841:Dakar Rally
678:-14.7; -75.
676: /
498:observatory
426:Smithsonian
370:Joe Nickell
306:Rediscovery
235:Nazca phase
169:Nazca lines
122: /
97:Coordinates
87:1994 (18th
84:Inscription
5389:Categories
5339:Wilcahuaín
5279:Warawtampu
5249:Waqlamarka
5199:Vilcabamba
5154:Uskallaqta
5119:Tunanmarca
5064:Tarmatambo
4999:Sillustani
4984:Sayacmarca
4969:Runkuraqay
4899:Qunchupata
4874:Quillarumi
4854:Qillqatani
4749:Puka Tampu
4724:Pirhuaylla
4694:Pikillaqta
4689:Patallaqta
4664:Pachatusan
4659:Pachacamac
4574:Miyu Pampa
4564:Miraflores
4504:Markapukyu
4499:Markansaya
4494:Markahirka
4484:Marayniyoq
4439:Llaqtapata
4374:K'ipakhara
4359:Khichuqaqa
4254:Intikancha
4234:Inti Punku
4224:Inkapintay
4064:Honcopampa
4059:Hatunmarka
4054:Hatun Usnu
4004:El Paraíso
3999:El Ingenio
3974:Coricancha
3964:Condorcaga
3954:Colcampata
3944:Cochabamba
3909:Chichakuri
3899:Chawaytiri
3884:Chanquillo
3874:Chacamarca
3859:Cerro Baúl
3764:Auga Punta
3587:Caral-Supe
3327:References
2847:3 February
2438:: 111447.
2224:11 January
2192:19 October
2161:18 October
2135:20 October
1919:11 January
1782:11 January
1748:: 559–569.
1725:viracochas
1719:viracochas
1717:"llamaron
1648:. pp. 33–.
1625:. pp. 22–.
1546:. pp. 88–.
1459:19 January
1327:29 October
1292:19 January
1130:el espiral
1126:el caracol
974:la ballena
942:el colibrí
924:The Tree (
833:Greenpeace
791:caused by
703:anamorphic
588:, a Swiss
518:Stonehenge
506:indigenous
482:Paul Kosok
391:iron oxide
332:Paul Kosok
266:zoomorphic
107:14°41′51″S
5420:Geoglyphs
5269:Waraqayuq
5264:Warahirka
5224:Wamanilla
5194:Ventarron
5169:Usnu Muqu
5129:Tupu Inka
5109:Trinchera
5059:Tarahuasi
5049:Tantarica
5019:Susupillu
4979:Sara Sara
4954:Rumicolca
4934:Qasa Pata
4889:Qulu Qulu
4844:Qaqapatan
4814:Puruchuco
4754:Puka Urqu
4674:Pañamarca
4654:Pacatnamu
4624:Ninamarca
4619:Nina Kiru
4604:Muyu Urqu
4599:Muyu Muyu
4589:Mulinuyuq
4294:Kanamarka
4274:Iskuqucha
4179:Ingatambo
4129:Huankarán
3979:Cumbemayo
3969:Cota Coca
3949:Cochapata
3879:Chan Chan
3839:Carachupa
3834:Cao Viejo
3814:Bandurria
3799:Ayawayq'u
3794:Ayamachay
3744:Arhuaturo
3660:Argentina
3553:Chan Chan
2677:2 October
2095:The Verge
2050:197562717
1880:9 January
1574:15 August
1523:. pp. 6–.
1515:. ABDO;
1016:The Dog (
958:el cóndor
865:geoglyphs
561:Milky Way
522:Newgrange
502:solstices
494:cosmology
490:astronomy
439:IBM Japan
418:geoglyphs
406:earthwork
255:squatters
219:geoglyphs
74:Reference
55:Southern
5430:Land art
5319:Wichqana
5094:Titiqaqa
4989:Sayhuite
4959:Rumiwasi
4879:Quishuar
4799:Pumawasi
4779:Pukarani
4734:Pirwayuq
4704:Pilluchu
4684:Paraccra
4409:Llamayuq
4349:Kuntuyuq
4284:Jinkiori
4169:Inca Uyo
3989:El Brujo
3934:Churajón
3904:Cheqollo
3824:Cahuachi
3804:Azángaro
3789:Aya Muqu
3672:Colombia
3546:Cultural
3399:Archived
3305:Archived
3268:Archived
3232:Archived
3195:Archived
3159:Archived
3135:humanas.
3122:Archived
3082:Archived
3035:Archived
3011:24799703
2944:Archived
2891:Archived
2841:Archived
2789:10 March
2783:Archived
2750:Archived
2724:Archived
2671:Archived
2623:Archived
2597:29 April
2591:Archived
2567:29 April
2561:Archived
2536:29 April
2530:Archived
2526:TRTWORLD
2304:Archived
2249:Archived
2218:Archived
2186:Archived
2155:Archived
2129:Archived
2125:CBC News
2099:Archived
2068:Archived
1999:Archived
1913:Archived
1874:Archived
1821:15 March
1815:Archived
1776:Archived
1709:page 210
1683:(1554).
1568:Archived
1508:Archived
1478:Archived
1453:Archived
1392:26 March
1386:Archived
1355:Archived
1286:Archived
1242:Archived
1154:See also
1050:la garza
1018:el perro
926:el árbol
910:la Araña
803:—
800:damaged.
635:Cahuachi
602:trapezes
277:Location
110:75°8′6″W
65:Criteria
51:Location
5324:Wich'un
5314:Wichama
5179:Uyu Uyu
5174:Usqunta
4964:Runayoc
4944:Raqch'i
4829:Pusharo
4804:Punkuri
4579:Molloko
4554:Miculla
4474:Mameria
4414:Llamuqa
4394:Llactan
4299:Kanichi
4124:Huamboy
4009:Garagay
3984:Cutimbo
3844:Carajía
3676:Ecuador
3664:Bolivia
3612:Natural
3487:at the
3477:at the
3464:at the
3318:iguana.
3191:Reuters
3002:4034249
2979:Bibcode
2950:20 July
2940:Reuters
2875:Bibcode
2704:30 July
2667:Reuters
2629:17 June
2509:p. 205
2440:Bibcode
2030:Bibcode
2005:23 June
1979:9 April
1949:9 April
1563:Reuters
1234:"Nazca"
1146:la flor
1094:el loro
1078:la mano
1034:el mono
867:in the
789:erosion
742:writer
664:75°00′W
661:14°42′S
619:puquios
596:of the
594:mummies
514:Cahokia
399:erosion
289:on the
89:Session
5359:Yanaca
5259:Waqutu
5214:Vitcos
5149:Urpish
5134:T'akaq
5114:Túcume
5084:Tinyaq
5009:Sóndor
4994:Sechín
4949:Revash
4869:Quiaca
4859:Qillqa
4729:Piruro
4669:Paiján
4559:Millka
4389:Layzón
4329:Kukuli
4324:Kuelap
4319:Kotosh
4164:Huiñao
3959:Collor
3759:Aspero
3729:Acaray
3674:, and
3559:Chavín
3448:
3429:. ETH
3419:
3385:
3357:
3340:
3009:
2999:
2867:Nature
2505:
2481:
2409:
2371:
2284:
2048:
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1807:
1768:
1666:
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1621:
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1542:
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1489:
1445:
1278:
892:Images
809:Centre
738:Swiss
474:, and
291:Pampas
5369:Yaynu
5334:Wilca
5289:Waruq
5089:Tipón
5079:Tikra
5004:Sipán
4849:Qenko
4739:Písac
4584:Moray
4549:Mazur
4509:Marpa
4304:Kenko
4144:Huari
3939:Chuya
3849:Caral
3749:Asana
3668:Chile
3658:with
3633:Mixed
3311:4 May
3274:4 May
3238:4 May
3201:4 May
3165:4 May
3128:4 May
3088:4 May
3041:4 May
2897:4 May
2046:S2CID
1221:Notes
1190:Iperú
606:looms
287:Palpa
283:Nazca
4279:Isog
3530:Peru
3446:ISBN
3417:ISBN
3383:ISBN
3355:ISBN
3338:ISBN
3313:2024
3276:2024
3240:2024
3203:2024
3167:2024
3130:2024
3090:2024
3043:2024
3007:PMID
2952:2019
2899:2024
2849:2018
2791:2017
2758:2017
2732:2016
2706:2013
2679:2020
2631:2021
2599:2022
2569:2022
2538:2022
2503:ISBN
2479:ISBN
2407:ISBN
2369:ISBN
2282:ISBN
2257:2022
2226:2022
2194:2020
2163:2020
2137:2020
2107:2019
2076:2019
2007:2019
1981:2012
1951:2012
1921:2022
1903:ISBN
1882:2024
1842:ISBN
1823:2023
1805:ISBN
1784:2022
1766:ISBN
1664:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1596:ISBN
1576:2012
1540:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1487:ISBN
1461:2019
1443:ISBN
1394:2021
1363:2022
1329:2018
1294:2019
1276:ISBN
1250:2023
859:The
774:and
628:and
569:axes
530:and
492:and
484:and
437:and
395:lime
352:Lima
295:Lima
285:and
227:Peru
167:The
57:Peru
3528:in
3431:doi
2997:PMC
2987:doi
2975:111
2883:doi
2871:554
2814:doi
2475:167
2448:doi
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