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which they belonged, who managed the clothing and maintenance on behalf of each military. Soldiers employed in armed services received a "mobile column diary", varying according to the rank and use of the department to which they belong. The military with at least 10 years of service was also entitled to a seniority allowance, which consisted of a gradual increase in the "daily pay" directly proportional to the period spent under arms. The "daily pay" of the troop ranged from the 10 grains of the simple line infantry soldier to the 54 grain of the battalion helper. The monthly dress allowance corresponded to 80 grains, the maintenance allowance to 40 grains. The seniority allowance consisted of an increase in the "daily pay" of 1 grain for the military with at least 10 years of service and three grains for those over 25 years of age (veterans' medal). On the basis of the conversion from
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age of 60, it was therefore possible to obtain withdrawal, with a pension equal to the entire simple "penny". Of course, the officer could also retire early for health reasons: in this case the pension was paid in a reduced form, depending on the length of service. The minimum salary for an officer corresponded to 23 ducats per month (bishop of the line infantry), the maximum salary instead corresponded to 290 ducats per month (lieutenant general). In due proportion, Royal Army officers generally had slightly better economic treatment, in every respect, than the same ranks of the
Sardinian Army.
530:(waistcoat with sleeves) just short of the javelin, knee-length breeches, gaiters that exceeded knee height (the cavalry was equipped with spur boots), a white shirt and a black tie. The attire was complemented by a black felt tricorn with a red cockade on the left wing. Some details of the uniforms (buttons, lapels, embroidery, buffeterie, type of turban, and colours in general) varied depending on the rank and department (the officers, for example, were traditionally equipped with a goliera on which the Bourbon lilies were imprinted).
638:
the Realm, the King temporarily dismissed the army. It was therefore decided to leave the defence of the
Kingdom to the Austrian occupation contingent for some time. The Austrian troops left Sicily in April 1826 and the mainland continental provinces in January-February 1827. To make up for the departure of the Austrian troops, the sovereign decided to set up four regiments of professional Swiss soldiers, with the aim of forming a solid nucleus of troops completely unrelated to the political events of the Realm.
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398:, who finally managed to stabilize and rationalize the military systems of the kingdom, giving it a definitively national and dynastic imprint. However, the evolution of the European and Neapolitan political framework of those last 30 years, which fully involved the army of the Two Sicilies, caused political dissent to turn directly against the same Bourbon ruling house.
602:. Later an attempt was made to extend recruitment also to the indigenous Albanian communities of southern Italy and Sicily, however by the end of the 1700s the Regiment "Albania" had become a real foreign regiment in which soldiers of the most diverse nationalities converged. Characteristic of the equipment of the Albanian regiments was the "cangiarro", a short sabre of
642:
accepted employment in the Army of the Two
Sicilies voluntarily for a 4-year service, at the end of which they could renew their service for another 2 or 4 years, or take their final leave. The rate of pay was generally higher than that of the locally recruited soldiers of the Royal Army. The official language of the Swiss regiments was German.
737:'The "Albanian" regiment.... fought more or less well in 1805 as two separate "cacciatori" battalions (by ethnicity Albanian and Macedonian) and then followed Ferdinand to Sicily. Renamed "Foreign Regiment", they operated with Lord Bentinck in 1812.... The regiment seems to have disbanded in 1806 after the victory of the French.'
352:), often showing great value and loyalty to the Spanish government. The captains, belonging to the best feudal nobility of the Neapolitan and Sicilian provinces, were able to frame and prepare the subjects of the two vice-kingdoms for war, obeying the firm political direction given by the monarchs of Spain.
410:, Ferdinand IV in 1799 during his presence in Sicily limited himself to reorganizing the scarce forces present in Sicily, organizing them into three infantry regiments, to which he gave the names of Val di Mazzara, Val di Noto and Val Demone, three of cavalry and one of artillery, increasing their pay.
633:
Each regiment in accordance with
Bourbon regulations consisted of a general staff of 20 officers, a headquarters of 17 soldiers in support of two battalions, each consisting of 24 officers and 684 soldiers divided into 4 fusilier companies and 2 elite companies, 1 of Grenadiers and the other of light
499:
of 1862 (1 duchy = 4.25 lire) it is obtained that the "pay" of
Bourbon soldiers was in line with that of the Sardinian soldiers, but already the non-commissioned officers of the Royal Army received a much better pay than Sardinian non-commissioned officers (about 20%. It should also be noted that the
637:
The constitutional revolt of 1820 broke out was finally accepted by
Ferdinand I. The constitutional Neapolitan army, commanded by Guglielmo Pepe, was defeated at Antrodoco on 7 March 1821 by Austrian troops, finally forcing Ferdinand I to revoke the constitution. Following the Austrian occupation of
490:
The economic treatment of the troop, on the other hand, was mainly based on a "daily pay"; varying according to the bodies, and on "monthly checks" for "clothing" and "maintenance": these checks, however, were not paid directly to the military, but only to the Boards of
Directors of the regiments to
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The officers' salaries consisted of a monthly "penny" which included "housing and furniture", and an "supersold" varying according to the weapon or body to which they belonged. The "penny" was subject to a 2% withholding tax which helped to form the pension fund. After 40 years of service, or at the
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with the formal merger of the two kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, this armed force was deeply reorganized, incorporating also the elements of the
Neapolitan army of the Napoleonic age. This historically led to resentment from Sicilian members of the army, and caused many of them to join rebels during
641:
The Royal Army recruited four new Swiss regiments between 1825 and 1830, following the reconstitution of a national army and the capitulations contracted between the
Bourbon government, represented by Prince Paolo Ruffo of Castelcicala, and the cantons of the Swiss Confederation. The Swiss recruits
613:
Swiss regiments were already present in 1734 (However less numerous) at the
Bourbon conquest of the realm among the troops of King Charles, ceded by Spain to the young king. The Neapolitan Swiss corps were temporarily dissolved in 1790, but already in 1799 a new foreign regiment was created called
382:
Following the constitutional revolt of 1820 by the army, and its defeat on 7 March 1821 by Austrian troops, the King temporarily disbanded the army, which was believed to be largely contaminated by Carbonari infiltration, and abolished compulsory conscription. It was therefore decided to leave the
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received on average a daily wage of about 40/50 grain (those of the poorest provinces about half), the metalworkers 75 grains per day and the foremen about 85 grains per day. The prices were also quite stable and low: a pizza cost on average 2 grains, 0.75 L of wine 2 grains, 1 kg of bread 6
500:
cost of living in the Two Sicilies was quite low and that the value of the Neapolitan currency was higher than the Piedmontese currency. To get an idea of the size of the salaries of Neapolitan soldiers it is possible to compare their daily pay to that of the workers of the time: the workers of
645:
In 1859 a revolt broke out among the 3rd Swiss Regiment in Naples. After this controversial event, the Neapolitan government decided to disband the Swiss Regiments and to circumvent the problem of capitulations with Switzerland by creating "Foreign Battalions" open to foreign recruitment. The
529:
in type, in accordance with the Ordinance of 1728. The oldest source able to give us an idea of the first Neapolitan uniforms is the Ordinance of 1744 on the constitution of the 12 provincial regiments: the soldiers of these regiments had to be equipped with a knee-length "jacket", a "jaguar"
413:
In 1806, the army in Naples had disintegrated as a consequence of the French invasion. In 1808, 952 officers and 13,821 enlisted men were stationed there to defend the island and the king from the Napoleonic forces. The city militias were disbanded that year and reconstituted as 9 territorial
355:
In the later Bourbon period, however, with the reconquest of independence, the nobility gradually lost this military character, giving way to the new centralizing policy of a dynastic imprint. The goal of the Bourbons was in fact to replace loyalty to the old noble commanders, who had served
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conquered the Neapolitan provinces and the following year the Kingdom of Sicily, tearing them from the Austrian viceroyalty, also marked the creation of the first entirely "national" regiments, flanked by the Spanish regiments with which Infante Don Carlo had descended in
541:
French style was followed, but then the Neapolitan army was given a strong local imprint, especially at the behest of Murat, who had a passion for uniforms. Concurrently, the Austrian, then the English, influence is seen on those units from the island of
549:
The innovations brought by Murat were partly preserved after the Napoleonic Wars, undergoing evolutions dictated mainly by the Germanic fashions of the time. From 1830, the Bourbon uniform was redesigned on the basis of the French "Luigi Filippo"
182:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
593:
In 1737 an Albanian regiment was formed, called "Macedonia", thanks to the intercession of the Primate of Epirus residing in Naples, which recruited its compatriots in competition with the Venetian regiments oltremarini in
557:
The uniforms of the Lancers and Hussars were almost completely identical to those of the similar specialties of the French army. The renowned bandsmen of the Neapolitan army had traditionally rich and refined clothing.
168:
332:. All of these different cultures profoundly marked the military customs of the later Bourbon period. It can be seen in many examples of military clothing including items, such as the
364:, provoked in the eighteenth century a state of "disorientation" within the Bourbon military institutions that resulted in an almost frenetic sequence of restructuring and reform.
1046:
360:
for over 200 years, with an exasperated fidelity to the new national crown. This progressive disunity from the obsolete Iberian traditions, promoted by the reforms desired by
505:
grains, 1 kg of pasta 8 grains, 1 kg of beef 16 grain and 1 kg of cheese 32 grains. The average rent for a worker's dwelling was about 12 ducats per year.
1012:. Translated by Mallender, Janet S.; Clements, John R. based on the notes and documents of the late Commandant Henry Lachouque (1883–1971). Arms and Armour Press.
554:) style; the son-in-law of the late King Ferdinand. From then until the fall of the kingdom the French influence remained evident in almost all Bourbon equipment.
513:
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The story of this army naturally fits into the same space of time in which the dynasty of which it was supported lived: from 1734 to 1861. However, following
888:
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remaining Swiss soldiers and also many foreign volunteers, particularly from the Kingdom of Bavaria, joined the ranks of these new 4 Foreign Battalions.
376:
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military institutions boast a much older history, which lays its foundations in the organization of a "state" army (i.e. state and no longer feudal) by
277:
53:
546:. The buttons on the tunics of the Foreign Regiment were framed across the chest with lace, in the same manner as tunics of their British allies.
185:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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based on French drill manuals and uniforms. Following Murat's fall from power, the mainland troops were integrated into King Ferdinand I's army.
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infantry, 23 light infantry and 4 dragoon regiments, each commanded by a colonel, which formed the Royal Sicilian Volunteer Army, commanded by
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In the 1770s, some novelties were introduced: the jackets were considerably shortened and the uniforms streamlined. With the decade of
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280:. It was in existence from 1734 to 1861. It was the land armed force of the new independent state created by the settlement of the
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defence of the Kingdom to the Austrian occupation forces for some time. The reestablishment of the army began only in 1823.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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This restless evolution of the military structures of the Two Sicilies stopped only with the 1830 accession of
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derivation (kandjar). The two battalions of the Albanian regiment were to fight alongside the British at the
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614:"Alemagna", to be staffed by the Swiss mercenaries and those just arrived from across the Alps (as well as
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in the early Nineteenth Century there were countless evolutions also with regard to uniforms: at first the
980:(in Italian). Vol. II. Rome: Stato maggiore dell'esercito, Ufficio storico (USSME). pp. 879–942.
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The Two Italies: Economic Relations Between the Norman Kingdom of Sicily and the Northern Communes
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340:. During this time the soldiers of southern Italy were in fact involved in almost all the
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The 3rd 'Estero' Sicilian Infantry Regiment was a two battalion unit (Sapherson, 1991).
891:. PENINSULAR WAR British Allies Painting Guide. Steven Thomas's Balagan. Archived from
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and other foreigners). This foreign regiment however was disbanded following the
470:. From 1817, therefore, the official name of Royal Army of His Majesty the King
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961:(in Italian). Rome: Stato maggiore dell'esercito, Ufficio storico (USSME).
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The Royal Army had foreign regiments since its in origin, in particular
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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the establishment in December 1816 of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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Royal Army of His Majesty the King of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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Napoleonic Wargaming and the army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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Napoleon's War in Spain: The French Peninsular Campaigns, 1807–1814
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constituted the armed forces of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
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Land forces of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, from 1734 to 1861
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regiments, who had arrived in the wake of Charles of Bourbon).
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Reale esercito di Sua MaestĂ il Re del Regno delle Due Sicilie
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29:
955:
Boeri, Giancarlo; Crociani, Piero; Brandani, Massimo (1997).
920:. Napoleonic Discussion. The Miniatures Page. 13 October 2017
976:
Ilari, Virgilio; Crociani, Piero; Boeri, Giancarlo (2008).
966:
Ilari, Virgilio; Crociani, Piero; Boeri, Giancarlo (2007).
570:
Foreign Regiment, Light Infantry company officer circa 1812
344:(from the Wars of Charles V to the Wars of Flanders, from
1033:
The "Foreign troops" in the Neapolitan Army (in Italian)
815:"The Italian military in the Napoleonic Wars 1792-1815"
786:"Capitolo IX - Ultimi anni del Regno delle Due Sicilie"
875:
978:
Le Due Sicilie nelle guerre napoleoniche (1800-1816)
175:
171:
a machine-translated version of the Italian article.
521:
of the Royal Grenadiers in parade dress circa 1815.
437:1734, the year in which the expeditionary force of
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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938:
371:The army in mainland Italy collapsed in 1806, and
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968:Storia militare del Regno Murattiano (1806-1815)
296:Although the Royal Army arose only in 1734, the
1008:Tranié, Jean; Carmigniani, Juan Carlos (1982).
841:"Army – Real Casa di Borbone delle Due Sicilie"
472:of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was adopted;
284:in southern Italy following the events of the
200:accompanying your translation by providing an
162:Click for important translation instructions.
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240:Original flag of the Army of the Two Sicilies
8:
212:{{Translated|it|Esercito delle Due Sicilie}}
1047:Military of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
457:, commander of the troops from 1799 to 1806
985:Ilari, Virgilio; Crociari, Piero (2015) .
808:
806:
525:The first uniforms of the Royal Army were
377:Army of the Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)
970:(in Italian). Invorio: Widerholdt Frères.
889:"3rd 'Estero' Sicilian Infantry Regiment"
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
509:Uniforms in the Army of the Two Sicilies
750:
730:
320:mixed old military traditions from the
918:""Quality of Neapolitan Troops" Topic"
989:L'Armata a di Lord Bentinck 1812-1816
958:L'Esercito Borbonico dal 1789 al 1815
421:The British, with the involvement of
342:military events of the Spanish Empire
7:
819:Organization, Strategy & Tactics
58:adding citations to reliable sources
876:Boeri, Crociani & Brandani 1997
474:the latter, together with the Army
312:period (1504-1714) customs used by
308:in 1464. In particular, during the
276:, whose armed forces also included
1003:– via www.mondadoristore.it.
939:Ilari, Crociani & Boeri (2008)
25:
699:First Italian War of Independence
650:Battles the army was involved in
396:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
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813:Ilari, Virgilio (August 2009).
368:was involved with the reforms.
362:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
45:needs additional citations for
764:. Cambridge University Press.
758:Abulafia, David (2005-11-24).
272:), was the land forces of the
210:You may also add the template
1:
864:Tranié & Carmigniani 1982
346:colonial campaigns in America
671:Wars of the Second Coalition
286:War of the Polish Succession
993:(in Italian). Soldiershop.
676:Wars of the Third Coalition
661:Wars of the First Coalition
562:Troops in Foreign Regiments
468:Sicilian revolution of 1848
366:Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet
274:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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878:, p. 404-405,414-415.
416:Leopold, Prince of Salerno
390:Bandiera reale due sicilie
174:Machine translation, like
69:"Army of the Two Sicilies"
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194:copyright attribution
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709:Battle of Garigliano
582:(in addition to the
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248:, also known as the
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493:Two Sicilies ducats
406:At the time of the
270:Esercito Napoletano
895:on 26 January 2012
680:Battle of Castalla
656:Battle of Velletri
608:Battle of Castalla
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482:Economic treatment
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433:Charles de Bourbon
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262:Esercito Borbonico
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198:edit summary
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158:(March 2011)
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
476:of the Sea,
1041:Categories
850:2022-05-08
825:14 October
796:2021-04-05
790:S.ANATOLIA
720:References
634:infantry.
539:Napoleonic
298:Neapolitan
153:in Italian
110:April 2021
80:newspapers
745:Citations
576:Albanians
264:) or the
216:talk page
924:17 April
620:Italians
502:Campania
453:General
302:Sicilian
192:provide
949:Sources
899:1 March
624:Swabian
616:Germans
604:Ottoman
584:Walloon
527:Spanish
348:to the
310:Spanish
292:History
256:), the
214:to the
196:in the
155:.
94:scholar
1016:
997:
768:
600:Epirus
544:Sicily
402:Sicily
334:Turban
328:, and
322:Norman
318:Sicily
314:Aragon
278:a navy
96:
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725:Notes
596:Corfu
588:Irish
580:Swiss
495:into
444:Italy
176:DeepL
101:JSTOR
87:books
1014:ISBN
995:ISBN
926:2024
901:2012
827:2022
766:ISBN
598:and
586:and
578:and
466:the
326:Arab
300:and
244:The
190:must
188:You
169:View
73:news
446:.
316:in
178:or
56:by
1043::
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