453:. Although they are one of the most common flagellates found in freshwater, they are also able to tolerate saltwater Their ability to alternate between both marine and freshwater environments in many parts of the world give them a âcosmopolitanâ character. Due to their relatively microscopic size ranging between 4â12 microns, they are further distinguished as heterotrophic nanoflagellates. This small size ratio limits them as bacterivores that swim around feeding on bacteria attached to surfaces or in aggregates.
62:
35:
527:, and are grouped in the class Kinetoplastea. The name of kinetoplastid is derived from the presence of a characteristic structure called the kinetoplast which is a mass of concentrated extranuclear DNA within a mitochondrion. In the past, kinetoplastids were classified into two major suborder groups via morphology-based taxonomic criteria: either as parasitic uniflagellate
832:, like other bodonids, are heterotrophic flagellates (HF) which are a very diverse and heterogeneous group of protists with a size range between 1 and 450 microns. They play an essential role in aquatic and terrestrial food webs as major consumers of bacterial biomass. The predator to prey size ratio limits the maximal size difference between bacteria and their predator:
811:
cells survived in the high pressure treatments, indicating that some fraction of sinking protists can survive transport to the deep ocean. In addition, after a period of acclimation, positive growth rates were measured in some cases. This suggests that surface-adapted flagellates can not only survive
535:
and
Cryptobiidae, but later on re-unified all bodonids within the single family, Bodonidae. Based on comparisons of RNA sequences and molecular phylogenetic analyses, it was suggested that the trypanosomatids also emerged from within the bodonids. Moreover, recent research of deep-sea hydrothermal
1305:
Jang, H.B., Kim, Y. K., Del
Castillo, C. S., Nho, S. W., Cha, I. S., and Park, S. B. 2012: RNA-Seq-Based Metatranscriptomic and Microscopic Investigation Reveals Novel Metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as Potential Virulence Factors for Soft Tunic Syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi. PLoS ONE, 7(12):
753:
is a complex and ancient species with a major marine clade nested among older freshwater clades. This suggests that these lineages were constrained physiologically from moving between these environments for most of their long history. Their broad physiological tolerance enables them to easily
1288:
Von Der Heyden, S., and
Cavalier-Smith, T. 2005: Culturing and Environmental DNA Sequencing Uncover Hidden Kinetoplastid Biodiversity and a Major Marine Clade within Ancestrally Freshwater Neobodo Designis. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55: 2605â2621. DOI:
806:
were isolated from surface waters and were put in different deep-sea temperatures and pressures, the abundance of protists declined in all treatments, with a significantly greater rate of mortality under combined cold temperature and high pressure conditions than in the cold temperature-only
848:
are generally in the size range of 2â5 microns and are classified as a functional group called heterotrophic nanoflagellates. The predominance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates as marine bacterivores has been confirmed by manipulations with size-fractionated natural assemblages and by direct
654:
pocket. The anterior flagellum appears inactive and just wraps around the anterior part of the cell. It is about the same length or slightly shorter than the cell. It is held forward with a single anterior curve that is held perpendicular to the substrate and curves back over the
1185:
Tikhonenkov, D. V., JanouĆĄkovec, J., Keeling, P. J., and
Mylnikov, A. P. 2016: The Morphology, Ultrastructure and SSU rRNA Gene Sequence of a New Freshwater Flagellate, Neobodo borokensis n. sp. (Kinetoplastea, Excavata). The Journal Of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 63 :220â232.
1228:
Moreira, David, et al. 2004: An
Updated View of Kinetoplastid Phylogeny Using Environmental Sequences and a Closer Outgroup: Proposal for a New Classification of the Class Kinetoplastea. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 54: 1861â75.
786:. Throughout the numerous oceans, large fractions of small heterotrophic flagellates with few morphological features remain unidentified. Therefore there is a high possibility that there are many bodonids among the unidentified that have not yet been studied.
1263:
Morgan-Smith, D., Garrison, C. E., and
Bochdansky, A. B. 2013: Mortality and survival of cultured surface-ocean flagellates under simulated deep-sea conditions. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 445: 13â20. DOI:
544:
reported several new kinetoplastid-like sequences. Researchers David
Moreira, Purificacion Lopez-Garcıa, and Keith Vickerman analyzed the phylogeny of these kinetoplastids and found a much more stable phylogeny that supported the
801:
from the surface of the ocean are continuously transported to deeper areas. The vast majority of the marine environment consists of dark, cold, high-pressure environments, which increases with depth. When cultures of
649:
in shape and somewhat inflexible. They range from 4 to 12 microns long, but are mostly 6 to 9 microns. They have a nucleus near the middle of the cell and two unequal, heterodynamic flagella emerging from a shallow,
503:, researchers discovered the possession of a âmicrotubular prismâ supporting the cytostomeâcytopharynx, as well as a significantly different feeding apparatus from other bodonids, thus proposing the new species as
827:
are free-living and active microbial predators that swim around and feed on prey in aquatic ecosystems. As free-living flagellates, they are the most important bacterivorous forms in aquatic environments.
659:. The acronematic posterior flagellum is trailed and sometimes forms an undulating membrane. It is typically directed straight behind the cell and is about 2 to 4 times the length of the cell. The
479:
The order
Neobodonida was proposed by a researcher, Keith Vickerman, based on significant characteristics that differed from the original bodonid species. Differing characteristics included: being
857:-like structure (pharynx) to detach bacteria. Within this feeding mechanism, further variability in terms of feeding behavior and selection strategies can be observed among different species.
893:
factors of a recently described genus of
Neobodonida that is considered to be responsible for Ascidian Soft Tunic Syndrome (AsSTS) was revealed. AsSTS is a disease of the edible
682:
and a compact kinetoplast (a DNA-containing granule located within a single mitochondrion) that is associated with the flagellar bases. The kinetoplasts are naked, but the
483:, Polykinetoplastic/eukinetoplastic, biflagellate with usually both flagella lacking hairs, having a posterior flagellum attached to the body or free of it, and having an
553:
in the trees rooted using the traditional, distant outgroup sequences. As a result, the classification of the class
Kinetoplastea was divided as two new subclasses:
853:
are interception feeders, meaning they feed on bacteria attached to surfaces/biofilms or in aggregates. They press their mouth against food and are often aided by a
1427:
445:
There was much confusion and debate within the class Kinetoplastid and subclass Bodonidae regarding the classification of the organism, but finally the new genera
1091:
745:. Neobodo is one of the most common flagellates in freshwater environments, but can also tolerate marine environments with low salinities of 3â4 ppt. Strains of
1440:
836:. The marine environment presents additional constraints, imposed by the typical small size and low abundance of bacteria. In these conditions, physical and
754:
interchange between marine and freshwater environments, which gives them a cosmopolitan characteristic and a wide ecological tolerance. Recent evidence for
1401:
816:
are not abundant in the deep oceans, they are capable of surviving in the deep waters, tolerating high pressure and low temperature conditions.
812:
under deep-sea conditions but are able to reproduce and potentially provide seed populations in cold, high-pressure environments. Although
959:
sequences and those from cultures suggests that there are hundreds, possibly thousands, of different rRNA gene sequences of free-living
793:
are surface organisms, typically found in surface waters, studies have shown their ability to tolerate deep water conditions. Due to
668:
441:
of unequal length used to create a propulsive current for feeding. As members of Kinetoplastids, they have an evident
749:
species isolated from different environments fall exclusively into marine and freshwater lineages. Studies show that
599:
was created as a new genus, along with the revision of the classification of species formerly included in the genus
1445:
886:
61:
255:
737:
that occur in a wide variety of environments including freshwater, soil and marine habitats ranging from the
1478:
907:. AsSTS is characterized by changes in the tunic (the outermost barrier against the environment), including
376:
1318:
975:
766:
studies reported the abundance of several heterotrophic nanoflagellate groups (including bodonids) in the
300:
271:
840:
considerations theoretically restrict Neobodoâs feeding to graze on small bacteria, typically within the
147:
1003:
982:
567:
280:
240:
208:
171:
758:
suggested notable divergence between freshwater and marine strains and all strains exhibited extensive
557:
327:
161:
968:
347:
294:
249:
180:
43:
1455:
989:
948:
908:
718:
515:
have very close connections with Kinetoplastid protists. Kinetoplastid protists belong together with
367:
317:
263:
996:
357:
337:
308:
899:
878:
783:
710:
382:
259:
222:
194:
582:
286:
113:
695:
587:
537:
393:
56:
1370:
495:
species, and by recognizing these differences, they were tentatively assigned to the new genus
1432:
1388:
956:
952:
771:
759:
656:
607:
541:
186:
663:
part of the posterior flagellum is accompanied with a paraxial rod and sometimes non-tubular
936:
916:
228:
214:
153:
763:
601:
571:
450:
130:
722:
528:
426:
93:
1472:
1356:
775:
767:
687:
434:
232:
1147:
Kirchman, D. 2008: Microbial ecology of the oceans / David L. Kirchman. (2nd ed.).
932:
920:
874:
870:
845:
841:
837:
779:
683:
675:
624:
550:
480:
1393:
507:. Through this discovery, they were proposed as the type species of the new genus
1341:
467:â which signifies 'young'. Attaching the prefix to the original bodonid species,
1414:
1350:
940:
904:
734:
664:
636:
632:
442:
200:
849:
observation of protists with ingested fluorescent bacteria. More specifically,
627:
flagellates with a single discrete eukinetoplast. They are known for having an
866:
703:
577:
524:
520:
83:
1365:
890:
854:
794:
699:
691:
651:
628:
546:
516:
484:
73:
34:
1055:
1380:
1335:
894:
798:
660:
532:
531:, or biflagellate bodonids. Originally, Vickerman proposed two families,
438:
430:
422:
103:
48:
1406:
882:
738:
679:
646:
561:
418:
47:(A) Schematic drawing; (B) Photo, where the arrow indicates the apical
1419:
931:
Despite the considerable interest in free-living bodonids, their true
912:
742:
706:
499:
by adding the âneoâ prefix. Through studies on the ultrastructure of
1312:
733:
Bodonid flagellates (class Kinetoplastea) are abundant, free-living
667:. The cells use their posterior flagellum and rotate around their
714:
1316:
963:
species globally. Some of the species identified to date are:
873:
significance of these organisms, many of their biological and
1098:. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information
911:
loss and subsequent rupture leading to thinner bundled tunic
674:
Along with their two flagella, they have two nearly parallel
903:, which has done enormous damage to the Korean and Japanese
671:
to swim and glide along in rapid darts of straight lines.
939:, as it does not differentiate most âspeciesâ very well.
461:
The prefix âNeo-â comes from the ancient Greek word for â
717:
have not been found to date, they are able to reproduce
935:
has most likely been grossly underestimated by simple
1325:
462:
927:List of species (or of lower taxonomic units)
923:is unclear and is still an area of research.
844:. Most bacterivorous protists in the marine
770:of different marine areas. Areas include the
8:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
807:conditions. However, an average of 6.1% of
1313:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
33:
22:
1306:e52379. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052379
1259:
1257:
1255:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
471:literally means a ânewâ bodonid species.
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
877:features are currently unknown. Through
1016:
421:belonging to the eukaryotic supergroup
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
7:
1456:cfe83fda-905d-4148-b6fb-262965047130
797:or attachment to sinking particles,
549:of groups that typically emerged as
14:
678:. They also house discoid shaped
574:and three additional new orders:
635:supported by a prismatic rod of
60:
645:cells are usually elongate and
605:and the amendment of the genus
433:. They are small, free-living,
1:
623:is characterized as solitary
1264:10.1016/j.jembe.2013.03.017
690:are developed. They have a
463:
51:pocket. Scale of 5 ”m
1495:
955:. The non-overlap between
1229:DOI:10.1099/ijs.0.63081-0
887:field-emission microscopy
764:Epifluorescent microscopy
686:microtubules beneath the
399:
392:
143:
138:
57:Scientific classification
55:
41:
32:
25:
595:Through this process,
377:Neobodo underboolensis
1289:10.1099/ijs.0.63606-0
1186:DOI:10.1111/jeu.12271
680:mitochondrial cristae
491:species derived from
437:flagellates with two
266:& Vickerman, 2004
976:Neobodo cf. designis
861:Practical importance
694:usually filled with
560:-containing various
536:vent samples at the
475:History of Knowledge
272:Neobodo cf. designis
900:Halocynthia roretzi
879:metatranscriptomics
784:Antarctic Peninsula
729:Habitat and Ecology
711:sexual reproduction
148:Neobodo alexeieffii
1004:Neobodo borokensis
983:Neobodo curvifilus
943:were used to test
915:and coarser tunic
883:RNA-seq technology
696:symbiotic bacteria
568:Metakinetoplastina
538:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
281:Neobodo fusiformis
241:Neobodo curvifilus
209:Neobodo compressus
172:Neobodo borokensis
166:(Lemmermann, 1908)
1466:
1465:
1319:Taxon identifiers
957:environmental DNA
953:genetic diversity
941:rRNA gene primers
772:Mediterranean Sea
760:genetic diversity
669:longitudinal axes
558:Prokinetoplastina
542:PCR amplification
540:and analysis via
410:
409:
386:
372:
363:
353:
343:
333:
328:Neobodo mutabilis
323:
313:
304:
290:
276:
267:
245:
236:
218:
204:
190:
176:
167:
162:Neobodo amoebinus
157:
134:
18:Genus of protists
1486:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1409:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1314:
1307:
1303:
1290:
1286:
1265:
1261:
1230:
1226:
1187:
1183:
1148:
1145:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1052:
969:Neobodo designis
937:light microscopy
756:Neobodo designis
629:apical cytostome
523:, to the phylum
505:Neobodo designis
485:apical cytostome
466:
449:was proposed by
429:in the subclass
380:
371:
361:
351:
348:Neobodo putrinus
342:(Dujardin, 1841)
341:
331:
321:
312:
298:
295:Neobodo globosus
284:
275:
253:
250:Neobodo designis
244:
226:
212:
198:
184:
181:Neobodo caudatus
175:
165:
151:
129:
65:
64:
44:Neobodo designis
37:
23:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1321:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1293:
1287:
1268:
1262:
1233:
1227:
1190:
1184:
1151:
1146:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1018:
1013:
990:Neobodo saliens
929:
919:. However, the
863:
822:
782:and around the
731:
713:is unknown and
617:
572:Trypanosomatida
570:-including the
529:trypanosomatids
477:
459:
451:Keith Vickerman
368:Neobodo saliens
318:Neobodo minimus
128:
59:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1479:Kinetoplastids
1471:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1437:
1424:
1411:
1398:
1385:
1375:
1362:
1347:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1291:
1266:
1231:
1188:
1149:
1109:
1072:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1000:
997:Neobodo sp. KL
993:
986:
979:
972:
928:
925:
885:combined with
862:
859:
821:
818:
730:
727:
723:binary fission
619:The new genus
616:
613:
593:
592:
591:
590:
585:
580:
565:
476:
473:
458:
455:
427:Kinetoplastids
408:
407:
406:
405:
397:
396:
390:
389:
388:
387:
373:
364:
358:Neobodo repens
354:
352:(Stokes, 1881)
344:
338:Neobodo ovatus
334:
324:
314:
309:Neobodo sp. KL
305:
291:
277:
268:
246:
237:
219:
205:
191:
177:
168:
158:
141:
140:
136:
135:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:
39:
38:
30:
29:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1491:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1097:
1096:NCBI taxonomy
1093:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:
994:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:
980:
978:
977:
973:
971:
970:
966:
965:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
926:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
860:
858:
856:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
819:
817:
815:
810:
805:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
776:Norwegian Sea
773:
769:
768:euphotic zone
765:
761:
757:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
728:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
705:
702:that possess
701:
697:
693:
689:
688:cell membrane
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
648:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
614:
612:
610:
609:
604:
603:
598:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
573:
569:
566:
563:
559:
556:
555:
554:
552:
548:
543:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:Bodo designis
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
474:
472:
470:
465:
456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:heterotrophic
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
404:
401:
400:
398:
395:
391:
384:
379:
378:
374:
370:
369:
365:
362:(Klebs, 1892)
360:
359:
355:
350:
349:
345:
340:
339:
335:
332:(Klebs, 1892)
330:
329:
325:
322:(Klebs, 1892)
320:
319:
315:
311:
310:
306:
302:
297:
296:
292:
288:
283:
282:
278:
274:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
251:
247:
243:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
224:
223:Neobodo cruzi
220:
216:
211:
210:
206:
202:
197:
196:
195:Neobodo celer
192:
188:
183:
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94:Kinetoplastea
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28:
24:
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1326:
1100:. Retrieved
1095:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
949:distribution
944:
933:biodiversity
930:
921:pathogenesis
898:
875:pathological
871:evolutionary
865:Despite the
864:
850:
846:pelagic zone
842:nanoplankton
838:hydrodynamic
833:
829:
824:
823:
813:
808:
803:
790:
788:
780:Indian Ocean
755:
750:
746:
735:bacterivores
732:
721:by means of
684:cytoskeletal
676:basal bodies
673:
665:mastigonemes
642:
641:
637:microtubules
625:phagotrophic
620:
618:
606:
600:
596:
594:
583:Parabodonida
564:species, and
551:polyphyletic
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
481:phagotrophic
478:
468:
460:
446:
417:are diverse
413:
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264:Lopez-Garcia
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124:
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114:Neobodonidae
42:
26:
20:
15:
1415:iNaturalist
1351:Wikispecies
905:aquaculture
809:N. designis
709:. Although
704:glycolytic
633:cytopharynx
615:Description
588:Neobodonida
521:diplonemids
443:kinetoplast
425:. They are
1011:References
947:âs global
909:elasticity
867:ecological
700:glycosomes
698:and small
647:elliptical
578:Eubodonida
525:Euglenozoa
403:Alphamonas
154:Lemmermann
84:Euglenozoa
1366:AlgaeBase
1342:Q25412463
1092:"Neobodo"
1060:biolib.cz
1056:"Neobodo"
891:virulence
855:pseudopod
795:advection
789:Although
719:asexually
692:cytoplasm
652:subapical
547:monophyly
533:Bodonidae
517:euglenids
457:Etymology
431:Bodonidae
131:Vickerman
74:Eukaryota
49:flagellar
1473:Category
1378:BioLib:
1336:Wikidata
1102:19 April
1065:25 April
917:matrices
895:ascidian
799:microbes
661:proximal
608:Parabodo
439:flagella
423:Excavata
419:protists
394:Synonyms
229:Hartmann
187:Dujardin
139:Species
110:Family:
104:Bodonida
80:Phylum:
70:Domain:
1433:1475566
1407:9171551
1357:Neobodo
1327:Neobodo
961:Neobodo
945:Neobodo
851:Neobodo
834:Neobodo
830:Neobodo
825:Neobodo
820:Feeding
814:Neobodo
804:Neobodo
791:Neobodo
751:Neobodo
747:Neobodo
741:to the
739:tropics
707:enzymes
657:rostrum
643:Neobodo
621:Neobodo
597:Neobodo
562:bodonid
513:Neobodo
509:Neobodo
497:Neobodo
489:Neobodo
487:. Many
469:neobodo
447:Neobodo
414:Neobodo
385:, 1938)
303:, 1878)
289:, 1890)
260:Moreira
235:, 1910)
217:, 1903)
203:, 1892)
189:, 1841)
156:, 1913)
125:Neobodo
120:Genus:
100:Order:
90:Class:
27:Neobodo
1453:NZOR:
1446:312470
1420:966690
1381:510897
913:fibers
881:using
778:, the
743:Arctic
383:Ruinen
287:Stokes
233:Chagas
231:&
215:Moroff
133:, 2004
1428:IRMNG
1371:52356
715:cysts
301:Stein
256:Skuja
201:Klebs
1441:NCBI
1402:GBIF
1394:5YTK
1104:2018
1067:2018
951:and
889:the
869:and
631:and
602:Bodo
519:and
493:Bodo
464:neos
1389:CoL
1475::
1443::
1430::
1417::
1404::
1391::
1368::
1353::
1338::
1294:^
1269:^
1234:^
1191:^
1152:^
1112:^
1094:.
1075:^
1058:.
1019:^
897:,
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511:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
