35:
363:
475:
Neocallimastigomycota play an essential role in fibre-digestion in their host species. They are present in large numbers in the digestive tracts of animals which are fed on high fibre diets. The polysaccharide degrading enzymes produced by anaerobic fungi can hydrolyse the most recalcitrant plant
480:
sp. exhibited the capacity of xylanase, CMCase, lichenase, amylase, β-xylosidase, β-glucosidase, α-Larabinofuranosidase and minor amounts of β-cellobiosidase production by utilizing avicel as the sole energy source. The polysaccharide degrading enzymes are organised into a multiprotein complex,
497:
on these fungi, is changed to "-mastig-" when combined with additional terminations in
Latinized names. The family name Neocallimastigaceae was originally incorrectly published as "Neocallimasticaceae" by the publishing authors which led to the coinage of the misspelled, hence incorrect
881:
Mackie RI, Rycyk M, Ruemmler RL, Aminov RI, Wikelski M (2004). "Biochemical and microbiological evidence for fermentative digestion in free-living land iguanas (Conolophus pallidus) and marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) on the Galápagos archipelago".
642:
Hibbett, David S.; Binder, Manfred; Bischoff, Joseph F.; Blackwell, Meredith; Cannon, Paul F.; Eriksson, Ove E.; Huhndorf, Sabine; James, Timothy; Kirk, Paul M. (May 2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi".
432:. Sexual reproduction has not been observed in anaerobic fungi. However, they are known to be able to survive for many months in aerobic environments, a factor which is important in the colonisation of new hosts. In
1263:
Wilson CA, Wood TM (1992). "Studies on the cellulase of the rumen anaerobic fungus
Neocallimastix frontalis, with special reference to the capacity of the enzyme to degrade crystalline cellulose".
512:, Art. 60. The corrected spelling is used by Index Fungorum. Both spellings occur in the literature and on the WWW as a result of the spelling in the original publication.
2713:
704:
Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (2018-05-16).
3318:
1372:
319:, but Orpin demonstrated that they possessed a chitin cell wall. It has since been shown that they are fungi related to the core chytrids. Prior to this, the
509:
3292:
2419:
788:"The occurrence of chitin in the cell walls of the rumen organisms Neocallimastix frontalis, Piromonas communis and Sphaeromonas communis"
830:
Ljungdahl LG (March 2008). "The cellulase/hemicellulase system of the anaerobic fungus
Orpinomyces PC-2 and aspects of its applied use".
292:
Neocallimastigales but later raised to phylum level, a decision upheld by later phylogenetic reconstructions. It encompasses only one
1365:
993:
925:
Rodríguez M, Pérez D, Chaves FJ, Esteve E, Garcia PM, Xifra G, Vendrell J, Jové M, Pamplona R, Ricart W, Otin MP, Chacón MR (2015).
1308:
436:, the presence of putative resting spores has been observed but the way in which these are formed and germinate remains unknown.
3392:
1413:
34:
1408:
1171:
Selinger LB, Forsberg CW, Cheng KJ (October 1996). "The rumen: a unique source of enzymes for enhancing livestock production".
3382:
1492:
1482:
1465:
1358:
1095:
Ho YW, Bar DJ (1995). "Classification of anaerobic gut fungi from herbivores with emphasis on rumen fungi from
Malaysia".
1292:
304:
The fungi in
Neocallimastigomycota were first recognised as fungi by Orpin in 1975, based on motile cells present in the
3240:
2412:
787:
3231:
2556:
1339:
406:
2065:
2641:
2272:
1922:
1880:
1839:
1497:
528:
Li, J.L.; et al. (1993). "The phylogenetic relationships of the anaerobic chytridiomycetous gut fungi (
1046:
Brookman, Jayne L.; Ozkose, Emin; Rogers, Siân; Trinci, Anthony P. J.; Theodorou, Michael K. (2000-03-01).
3193:
2405:
2138:
1872:
1656:
652:
595:
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2070:
2040:
1932:
1698:
3387:
2519:
2017:
1927:
1679:
1666:
1460:
1389:
1350:
1048:"Identification of spores in the polycentric anaerobic gut fungi which enhance their ability to survive"
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142:
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2007:
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907:
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which are released from sporangia. These zoospores bear a kinetosome but lack the nonflagellated
274:
29:
1209:"Polysaccharidase and glycosidase production of avicel grown rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. GMLF5"
705:
256:
238:
1005:
McGranaghan, P.; Davies, J. C.; Griffith, G. W.; Davies, D. R.; Theodorou, M. K. (1999-07-01).
190:
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Hibbett, D.S.; et al. (March 2007). "A higher level phylogenetic classification of the
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498:"Neocallimasticales", an easily forgiven error considering that other "-ix" endings such as
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706:"High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses"
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2012:
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1978:
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1225:
1206:
Comlekcioglu, U.; Ozkose, E.; Yazdic, F.; Akyol, I.; Ekinci, M. (2010-08-19).
807:
763:
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731:
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2806:
2786:
2446:
2002:
1636:
1627:
1613:
1472:
816:
494:
461:
410:
398:
397:
These fungi reproduce in the rumen of ruminants through the formation of
340:
328:
324:
312:. Their zoospores had been observed much earlier but were believed to be
3150:
3130:
2826:
2801:
2791:
2781:
2737:
2674:
2224:
1951:
1116:
772:
429:
344:
316:
3310:
950:
493:
The Greek termination, "-mastix", referring to "whips", i.e. the many
3336:
2990:
2982:
2851:
1385:
277:
270:
56:
3187:
1108:
553:
3271:
895:
457:
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305:
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2937:
2429:
476:
polymers and can degrade unlignified plant cell walls entirely.
453:
3191:
2401:
1354:
536:. II. Cladistic analysis of structural data and description of
1345:
357:
343:
and non-ruminant (hindgut-fermenting) mammals and herbivorous
280:, which are symbionts found in the digestive tracts of larger
747:"Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis"
331:. Since their discovery they have been isolated from the
323:
population of the rumen was believed to consist only of
405:
known in most chytrids, and have been known to utilize
373:
284:. Anaerobic fungi were originally placed within phylum
350:
Neocallimastigomycota have also been found in humans.
3200:
3163:
2981:
2898:
2850:
2735:
2726:
2673:
2445:
2334:
2296:
2233:
2218:
2167:
2109:
2088:
2079:
2031:
1988:
1977:
1959:
1950:
1912:
1889:
1871:
1853:
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1797:
1779:
1761:
1750:
1723:
1688:
1665:
1647:
1635:
1626:
1604:
1597:
1563:
1537:
1519:
1512:
1207:
1007:"The survival of anaerobic fungi in cattle faeces"
984:C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell,
2714:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
508:. Correction of these names is mandated by the
2413:
1366:
8:
510:International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
428:are notable for remaining intact throughout
3188:
2732:
2670:
2442:
2438:
2420:
2406:
2398:
2230:
2085:
1985:
1956:
1758:
1644:
1632:
1601:
1543:
1516:
1373:
1359:
1351:
1132:"Role of rumen fungi in fiber degradation"
20:
1338:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1147:
1063:
1022:
988:(John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004)
958:
927:"Obesity changes the human gut mycobiome"
806:
762:
721:
656:
599:
577:
575:
573:
571:
980:
978:
520:
1130:Akin DE, Borneman WS (October 1990).
7:
3347:9df838a9-8e0c-4774-9716-44508f3fba8c
637:
635:
129:(I.B. Heath 1983) Vavra & Joyon
99:J.L. Li, I.B. Heath & L. Packer
1065:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00692.x
1024:10.1111/j.1574-6941.1999.tb00620.x
14:
1149:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)78989-8
471:Polysaccharide-degrading activity
361:
33:
1265:Enzyme and Microbial Technology
795:Journal of General Microbiology
986:Introductory Mycology, 4th ed.
1:
1277:10.1016/0141-0229(92)90148-H
667:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004
610:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004
1346:The Anaerobic Fungi Network
444:Neocallimastigomycota lack
3409:
745:Orpin CG (December 1975).
460:, leading to formation of
452:in which the oxidation of
413:(from bacteria) and other
2669:
2441:
2437:
2432:phyla/divisions by domain
2384:
1546:
1396:
1226:10.1556/abiol.61.2010.3.9
1052:FEMS Microbiology Ecology
1011:FEMS Microbiology Ecology
808:10.1099/00221287-99-1-215
764:10.1099/00221287-91-2-249
723:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0
481:similar to the bacterial
139:
134:
121:
114:
30:Scientific classification
28:
23:
1340:Medical Subject Headings
1214:Acta Biologica Hungarica
409:in their development of
407:horizontal gene transfer
3393:Fungi by classification
2642:Thermodesulfobacteriota
2273:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
2066:Sporopachydermiomycetes
1881:Calcarisporiellomycetes
852:10.1196/annals.1419.030
393:Reproduction and growth
1923:Palaeovesiarbusmycetes
1873:Calcarisporiellomycota
1840:Ramicandelaberomycetes
1657:Neocallimastigomycetes
1185:10.1006/anae.1996.0036
884:Physiol. Biochem. Zool
370:This section is empty.
81:Neocallimastigomycetes
24:Neocallimastigomycota
3383:Neocallimastigomycota
3232:Neocallimastigomycota
3202:Neocallimastigomycota
2870:Neocallimastigomycota
2390:(polyphyletic group).
2018:Schizosaccharomycetes
1680:Monoblepharidomycetes
1649:Neocallimastigomycota
1336:Neocallimastigomycota
1309:"Suprafamilial Names"
786:Orpin, C. G. (1977).
267:Neocallimastigomycota
67:Neocallimastigomycota
2535:Coprothermobacterota
2306:Peribolosporomycetes
2253:Agaricostilbomycetes
2139:Collemopsidiomycetes
2013:Pneumocystidomycetes
1812:Entomophthoromycetes
1675:Hyaloraphidiomycetes
1556:Paramicrosporidiales
832:Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci
645:Mycological Research
588:Mycological Research
448:but instead contain
2283:Spiculogloeomycetes
2258:Cystobasidiomycetes
2071:Trigonopsidomycetes
2041:Alloascoideomycetes
1998:Archaeorhizomycetes
1933:Archaeosporomycetes
1799:Entomophthoromycota
1738:Blastocladiomycetes
1733:Physodermatomycetes
1699:Caulochytriomycetes
1539:Microsporidiomycota
943:2015NatSR...514600M
844:2008NYASA1125..308L
530:Neocallimasticaceae
424:envelopes of their
109:Neocallimastigaceae
2865:Blastocladiomycota
2359:Bartheletiomycetes
2311:Monilielliomycetes
2298:Ustilaginomycotina
2278:Atractiellomycetes
2263:Microbotryomycetes
2243:Tritirachiomycetes
2192:Laboulbeniomycetes
1928:Paraglomeromycetes
1863:Mortierellomycetes
1835:Dimargaritomycetes
1789:Basidiobolomycetes
1725:Blastocladiomycota
1667:Monoblepharomycota
1295:2007-03-15 at the
931:Scientific Reports
538:Neocallimasticales
335:tracts of over 50
95:Neocallimastigales
3370:
3369:
3355:Open Tree of Life
3194:Taxon identifiers
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3159:
3158:
2722:
2721:
2665:
2664:
2657:Verrucomicrobiota
2395:
2394:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2326:Exobasidiomycetes
2321:Ustilaginomycetes
2316:Malasseziomycetes
2268:Classiculomycetes
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2159:Xylobotryomycetes
2119:Candelariomycetes
1969:Entorrhizomycetes
1946:
1945:
1855:Mortierellomycota
1781:Basidiobolomycota
1746:
1745:
1710:Sanchytriomycetes
1622:
1621:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
951:10.1038/srep14600
751:J. Gen. Microbiol
390:
389:
264:
263:
100:
86:
72:
3400:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3327:
3326:
3314:
3313:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3189:
2933:Anthocerotophyta
2812:Hemimastigophora
2733:
2704:Nitrososphaerota
2671:
2647:Thermomicrobiota
2587:Kiritimatiellota
2582:Ignavibacteriota
2547:Deferribacterota
2510:Campylobacterota
2495:Bdellovibrionota
2443:
2439:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2399:
2388:fungi imperfecti
2235:Pucciniomycotina
2231:
2182:Geoglossomycetes
2124:Coniocybomycetes
2086:
2046:Dipodascomycetes
2033:Saccharomycotina
1990:Taphrinomycotina
1986:
1961:Entorrhizomycota
1957:
1845:Kickxellomycetes
1807:Neozygitomycetes
1759:
1715:Chytridiomycetes
1645:
1633:
1602:
1544:
1517:
1425:
1405:
1388:classification,
1375:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1311:. Archived from
1305:
1299:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1211:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1067:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1002:
996:
982:
973:
972:
962:
922:
916:
915:
878:
872:
871:
827:
821:
820:
810:
792:
783:
777:
776:
766:
742:
736:
735:
725:
710:Fungal Diversity
701:
695:
694:
660:
639:
630:
629:
603:
579:
566:
565:
525:
489:Spelling of name
385:
382:
372:You can help by
365:
358:
143:Aestipascuomyces
98:
85:M.J. Powell 2007
84:
71:M.J. Powell 2007
70:
38:
37:
21:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3330:
3322:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3270:
3265:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3196:
3186:
3177:
3155:
3106:Gnathostomulida
3011:Xenacoelomorpha
2977:
2973:Flowering plant
2928:Marchantiophyta
2894:
2860:Chytridiomycota
2846:
2718:
2661:
2617:Planctomycetota
2577:Gemmatimonadota
2562:Elusimicrobiota
2455:Acidobacteriota
2433:
2426:
2396:
2391:
2368:
2364:Tremellomycetes
2354:Wallemiomycetes
2336:Agaricomycotina
2330:
2292:
2288:Pucciniomycetes
2222:
2206:
2202:Sordariomycetes
2163:
2154:Lecanoromycetes
2144:Dothideomycetes
2134:Arthoniomycetes
2105:
2075:
2061:Saccharomycetes
2027:
2023:Taphrinomycetes
2003:Neolectomycetes
1981:
1973:
1942:
1908:
1899:Endogonomycetes
1885:
1867:
1849:
1822:Kickxellomycota
1816:
1793:
1775:
1754:
1742:
1719:
1690:Chytridiomycota
1684:
1661:
1640:
1618:
1606:Aphelidiomycota
1598:Aphelidiomyceta
1585:
1576:Metchnikovellea
1571:Chytridiopsidea
1559:
1550:Morellosporales
1533:
1508:
1507:
1423:
1401:
1392:
1379:
1332:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1297:Wayback Machine
1288:
1284:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1142:(10): 3023–32.
1129:
1128:
1124:
1109:10.2307/3760810
1094:
1093:
1089:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1004:
1003:
999:
983:
976:
924:
923:
919:
880:
879:
875:
829:
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824:
790:
785:
784:
780:
744:
743:
739:
703:
702:
698:
658:10.1.1.626.9582
641:
640:
633:
601:10.1.1.626.9582
581:
580:
569:
554:10.1139/b93-044
534:Chytridiomycota
527:
526:
522:
518:
491:
473:
465:
442:
395:
386:
380:
377:
356:
354:Circumscription
302:
286:Chytridiomycota
254:
248:
242:
236:
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
203:Liebetanzomyces
200:
194:
188:
182:
176:
170:
167:Buwchfawromyces
164:
158:
152:
146:
130:
127:
97:
83:
69:
32:
17:
16:Family of fungi
12:
11:
5:
3406:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3351:
3341:
3328:
3315:
3302:
3289:
3276:
3263:
3250:
3237:
3222:
3206:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3169:
3166:Incertae sedis
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3111:Micrognathozoa
3108:
3103:
3101:Acanthocephala
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:Lycopodiophyta
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Ancyromonadida
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2709:Thermoproteota
2706:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2677:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2622:Pseudomonadota
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2597:Mycoplasmatota
2594:
2592:Lentisphaerota
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2572:Fusobacteriota
2569:
2567:Fibrobacterota
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:Armatimonadota
2467:
2462:
2460:Actinomycetota
2457:
2451:
2449:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2402:
2393:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2349:Agaricomycetes
2346:
2344:Dacrymycetales
2340:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2169:Sordariomyceta
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2149:Eurotiomycetes
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Lichinomycetes
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2111:Dothideomyceta
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2096:Orbiliomycetes
2092:
2090:
2083:
2081:Pezizomycotina
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1938:Glomeromycetes
1935:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Zoopagomycetes
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1771:Olpidiomycetes
1767:
1765:
1756:
1755:(paraphyletic)
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1641:(paraphyletic)
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:Nucleophagales
1551:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1529:Rozellomycetes
1525:
1523:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:Mesomycetozoea
1495:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1434:Diaphoretickes
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1331:
1330:External links
1328:
1326:
1325:
1300:
1282:
1255:
1220:(3): 333–343.
1198:
1163:
1122:
1087:
1058:(3): 261–267.
1038:
1017:(3): 293–300.
997:
974:
917:
896:10.1086/383498
873:
822:
801:(1): 215–218.
778:
737:
696:
651:(5): 509–547.
631:
594:(5): 509–547.
567:
548:(3): 393–407.
519:
517:
514:
490:
487:
472:
469:
463:
450:hydrogenosomes
441:
438:
394:
391:
388:
387:
368:
366:
355:
352:
301:
298:
262:
261:
221:Neocallimastix
155:Aklioshbomyces
137:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:Neocallimastix
119:
118:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
92:
88:
87:
78:
74:
73:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3405:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2890:Basidiomycota
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:Glomeromycota
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Stramenopiles
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:Apusomonadida
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2698:Nanoarchaeota
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:Euryarchaeota
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Spirochaetota
2630:
2628:
2627:Rhodothermota
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:Dictyoglomota
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:Cyanobacteria
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Chrysiogenota
2528:
2526:
2525:Chloroflexota
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:Calditrichota
2503:
2501:
2500:Caldisericota
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:Atribacterota
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2389:
2383:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2220:Basidiomycota
2217:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2187:Leotiomycetes
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Xylonomycetes
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2101:Pezizomycetes
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:Pichiomycetes
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:Novakomycetes
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1914:Glomeromycota
1911:
1905:
1904:Mucoromycetes
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1763:Olpidiomycota
1760:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:Microsporidia
1562:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1521:Rozellomycota
1518:
1515:
1513:Rozellomyceta
1511:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:Stramenopiles
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:(major groups
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:fungal orders
1387:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1315:on 2007-02-22
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:combform3.qxd
1286:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1271:(4): 258–64.
1270:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:(5): 263–84.
1178:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:(5): 655–77.
1102:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1001:
998:
995:
994:0-471-52229-5
991:
987:
981:
979:
975:
970:
966:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
921:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
890:(1): 127–38.
889:
885:
877:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
838:(1): 308–21.
837:
833:
826:
823:
818:
814:
809:
804:
800:
796:
789:
782:
779:
774:
770:
765:
760:
757:(2): 249–62.
756:
752:
748:
741:
738:
733:
729:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
700:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
654:
650:
646:
638:
636:
632:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
578:
576:
574:
572:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
524:
521:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
502:
496:
488:
486:
484:
479:
470:
468:
466:
459:
455:
451:
447:
439:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
392:
384:
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
359:
353:
351:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:
311:
307:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
272:
268:
260:
259:
258:
253:
252:
247:
246:
241:
240:
235:
234:
229:
228:
223:
222:
217:
216:
215:Khoyollomyces
211:
210:
205:
204:
199:
198:
197:Ghazallomyces
193:
192:
187:
186:
181:
180:
175:
174:
169:
168:
163:
162:
157:
156:
151:
150:
145:
144:
138:
133:
126:
125:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
96:
93:
90:
89:
82:
79:
76:
75:
68:
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3388:Fungus phyla
3201:
3172:
3164:
3086:Orthonectida
3081:Gastrotricha
3056:Nematomorpha
3031:Chaetognatha
3021:Hemichordate
2948:Pteridophyta
2869:
2817:Malawimonada
2691:Korarchaeota
2652:Thermotogota
2637:Synergistota
2612:Nitrospirota
2607:Nitrospinota
2552:Deinococcota
2485:Bacteroidota
2248:Mixiomycetes
2197:Sareomycetes
1891:Mucoromycota
1705:Coenomycetes
1648:
1483:Opisthokonta
1317:. Retrieved
1313:the original
1303:
1285:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1217:
1213:
1201:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1139:
1136:J. Dairy Sci
1135:
1125:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1014:
1010:
1000:
985:
934:
930:
920:
887:
883:
876:
835:
831:
825:
798:
794:
781:
754:
750:
740:
713:
709:
699:
648:
644:
591:
587:
583:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
523:
499:
492:
477:
474:
446:mitochondria
443:
433:
419:
396:
378:
374:adding to it
369:
349:
339:, including
303:
266:
265:
255:
249:
243:
237:
231:
225:
219:
213:
209:Joblinomyces
207:
201:
195:
189:
183:
179:Capellomyces
177:
171:
165:
159:
153:
149:Agriosomyces
147:
141:
140:
122:
108:
94:
80:
66:
18:
3306:iNaturalist
3226:Wikispecies
3141:Brachiopoda
3116:Cycliophora
3061:Onychophora
3036:Kinorhyncha
2958:Ginkgophyta
2953:Cycadophyta
2918:Chlorophyta
2908:Glaucophyta
2602:Myxococcota
2520:Chlorobiota
2515:Chlamydiota
2051:Lipomycetes
1982:(sac fungi)
1581:Microsporea
1382:Opisthokont
716:: 135–159.
542:Can. J. Bot
540:ord. nov".
483:cellulosome
478:Orpinomyces
434:Anaeromyces
381:August 2021
273:containing
245:Pecoramyces
233:Orpinomyces
161:Anaeromyces
3377:Categories
3174:Parakaryon
3136:Entoprocta
3071:Arthropoda
3066:Tardigrada
3046:Priapulida
3041:Loricifera
3026:Echinoderm
2996:Ctenophora
2968:Gnetophyta
2923:Charophyta
2913:Rhodophyta
2885:Ascomycota
2880:Zygomycota
2822:Metamonada
2797:Euglenozoa
2782:Ciliophora
2490:Balneolota
2465:Aquificota
2386:See also:
1979:Ascomycota
1752:Zygomycota
1386:True fungi
1319:2007-03-26
532:) and the
516:References
506:Salicaceae
440:Metabolism
415:glucanases
337:herbivores
314:flagellate
282:herbivores
257:Tahromyces
239:Paucimyces
227:Oontomyces
185:Cyllamyces
173:Caecomyces
116:Type genus
63:Division:
3091:Dicyemida
2963:Pinophyta
2842:Telonemia
2777:Cryptista
2767:Breviatea
2752:Amoebozoa
2747:Alveolata
2728:Eukaryote
2480:Bacillota
1637:Zoosporic
1614:Aphelidea
1478:Amoebozoa
1456:Alveolata
1444:Cryptista
1419:Eukaryota
1234:0236-5383
1097:Mycologia
1074:0168-6496
1033:0168-6496
937:: 14600.
732:1560-2745
675:0953-7562
653:CiteSeerX
596:CiteSeerX
403:centriole
399:zoospores
333:digestive
321:microbial
300:Discovery
288:, within
275:anaerobic
251:Piromyces
191:Feramyces
53:Kingdom:
47:Eukaryota
3332:MycoBank
3280:Fungorum
3211:Wikidata
3151:Annelida
3146:Mollusca
3126:Phoronid
3121:Nemertea
3096:Rotifera
3076:Flatworm
3051:Nematoda
3016:Chordate
3006:Cnidaria
3001:Placozoa
2832:Rhizaria
2807:Haptista
2787:Cercozoa
2447:Bacteria
1628:Eumycota
1473:Amorphea
1451:Rhizaria
1439:Hacrobia
1429:Excavata
1414:Bacteria
1293:Archived
1250:21167921
1242:20724279
1193:16887555
1173:Anaerobe
1082:10719208
969:26455903
912:25961316
904:15057723
868:20006974
860:18378601
683:17572334
618:17572334
562:83723423
504:goes to
495:flagella
411:xylanase
345:reptiles
341:ruminant
329:protozoa
325:bacteria
317:protists
105:Family:
43:Domain:
3259:8595320
3217:Q941929
3131:Bryozoa
2827:Provora
2802:Jakobea
2792:Discoba
2738:Protist
2675:Archaea
2428:Extant
2225:basidia
1952:Dikarya
1488:Animals
1409:Archaea
1158:2178175
1117:3760810
960:4600977
939:Bibcode
840:Bibcode
691:4686378
626:4686378
430:mitosis
422:nuclear
135:Genera
91:Order:
77:Class:
3360:319908
3344:NZOR:
3337:501279
3311:151870
3285:501279
3272:1NEOCP
3246:392674
2991:Sponge
2983:Animal
2223:(with
1466:Plants
1403:Domain
1342:(MeSH)
1248:
1240:
1232:
1191:
1156:
1115:
1080:
1072:
1031:
992:
967:
957:
910:
902:
866:
858:
817:864435
815:
771:
730:
689:
681:
673:
655:
624:
616:
598:
560:
294:family
271:phylum
3319:IRMNG
2900:Plant
2852:Fungi
2772:CRuMs
2089:Other
1639:fungi
1493:Fungi
1246:S2CID
1113:JSTOR
908:S2CID
864:S2CID
791:(PDF)
687:S2CID
622:S2CID
584:Fungi
558:S2CID
501:Salix
426:cells
310:sheep
306:rumen
290:Order
278:fungi
269:is a
57:Fungi
3293:GBIF
3267:EPPO
3241:BOLD
2938:Moss
2430:life
1238:PMID
1230:ISSN
1189:PMID
1154:PMID
1078:PMID
1070:ISSN
1029:ISSN
990:ISBN
965:PMID
900:PMID
856:PMID
836:1125
813:PMID
773:1462
769:PMID
728:ISSN
679:PMID
671:ISSN
614:PMID
458:NAD+
454:NADH
420:The
327:and
3324:179
3254:EoL
1273:doi
1222:doi
1181:doi
1144:doi
1105:doi
1060:doi
1019:doi
955:PMC
947:doi
892:doi
848:doi
803:doi
759:doi
718:doi
663:doi
649:111
606:doi
592:111
586:".
550:doi
456:to
376:.
308:of
3379::
3357::
3334::
3321::
3308::
3298:17
3295::
3282::
3269::
3256::
3243::
3228::
3213::
1384::
1269:14
1267:.
1244:.
1236:.
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1216:.
1212:.
1187:.
1175:.
1152:.
1140:73
1138:.
1134:.
1111:.
1101:87
1099:.
1076:.
1068:.
1056:31
1054:.
1050:.
1027:.
1015:29
1013:.
1009:.
977:^
963:.
953:.
945:.
933:.
929:.
906:.
898:.
888:77
886:.
862:.
854:.
846:.
834:.
811:.
799:99
797:.
793:.
767:.
755:91
753:.
749:.
726:.
714:90
712:.
708:.
685:.
677:.
669:.
661:.
647:.
634:^
620:.
612:.
604:.
590:.
570:^
556:.
546:71
544:.
485:.
467:.
417:.
347:.
296:.
2740:"
2736:"
2700:"
2696:"
2693:"
2689:"
2686:"
2682:"
2543:"
2539:"
2421:e
2414:t
2407:v
2227:)
1921:†
1703:?
1697:?
1500:)
1374:e
1367:t
1360:v
1322:.
1279:.
1275::
1252:.
1224::
1195:.
1183::
1177:2
1160:.
1146::
1119:.
1107::
1084:.
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1021::
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914:.
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379:(
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