252:, this leads to "a type of esoteric spirituality where paganism comes to the fore because of its respect for nature, its openness about sexuality, and its rituals and ceremonies guided by the seasons". Aesthetically, references to this subject occur within band names, album artwork, clothing and various other means of artistic expression. This has led to some forefathers of the genre and current artists within the genre attributing it to being an aspect of a broader neopagan revival.
447:"I'm very happy about that because I see Death In June as part of a European cultural revival. I'm pleased that the Old Gods are being resurrected, for want of a better word. Old symbols. I feel very pleased that I am a part of that process and that I have had influence. At this stage in the game, so to speak, it's not false modesty to say that I am content with my influence." Powell, Erin.
162:
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during a period in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Initially, Tibet did not intend to imply connection with the folk music genre; rather, that
Current 93 was made by "apocalyptic folk": in other words, apocalyptic people. Tibet and Current 93 produced some covers of traditional English folk songs,
540:
299:
symbols and slogans, which has led to an association of the genre with the far-right, though this is contested by fans. References to occult, pagan and politically far-right figures and movement are often intentionally ambiguous.
223:
A majority of artists within the neofolk genre use archaic, cultural and literary references. Local traditions and indigenous beliefs tend to be portrayed heavily as well as esoteric and historical topics. Various forms of
609:
Brill, Dunja (2010). "Transgression ohne Queer â die
Inszenierung martialischer MĂ€nnlichkeit als 'Anti-Drag' in der Industrial- und Extreme Metal-Szene ". In Nagelschmidt, Ilse; Wojke, Kristin; Borrego, Britta (eds.).
308:
masquerade" which expresses a "(neo-)romantic art-religious attitude". Some bands have stated opposition to the perceived fascist apologia and themes in the genre and the related genre of martial industrial.
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236:, heathen European sites and other means of expressing an interest in the ancient and ancestral occur often in neofolk music. The sociologist Peter Webb describes this as a legacy from
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The term "neofolk" originates from esoteric music circles who started using the term in the late 20th century to describe music made by, and influenced by, musicians such as
2751:
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Anton
Shekhovtsov (2009) Apoliteic music: Neo-Folk, Martial Industrial and âmetapolitical fascismâ, Patterns of Prejudice, 43:5, 431â457, DOI: 10.1080/00313220903338990
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Anglo-American folk music with similar sounds and themes to neofolk existed as far back as the 1960s. Folk musicians such as Vulcan's Hammer, Changes,
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InterdisziplinÀres
Kolloquium zur Geschlechterforschung: Die BeitrÀge [Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Gender Research: the Contributions]
260:, one of the most influential neofolk bands, regards himself as a Christian, but believes that truth always is hidden and is more interested in
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circles in the 1980s. Neofolk may either be solely acoustic or combine acoustic folk instrumentation with various other sounds.
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Martial industrial or military pop is a genre that shares a lot in common with neofolk and developed very close to it.
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could be considered harbingers of the sound that later influenced the neofolk artists. Also the later explorations of
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As a descriptor, apocalyptic folk predates neofolk and was used by David Tibet to describe the music of his band
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play a part in the themes touched upon by many modern and original neofolk artists.
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The
Apocalypse Is Everywhere: A Popular History of America's Favorite Nightmare
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673:
Religion, Tradition and the
Popular: Transcultural Views from Asia and Europe
415:(in German) (2nd ed.). VS Verlag fĂŒr Sozialwissenschaften. p. 280.
304:
has described the genre's approach to these types of material as an "elitist
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Other vague terms sometimes used to describe artists of this genre include "
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1964:
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Apoliteic music: Neo-Folk, Martial
Industrial and "metapolitical fascism"
344:
327:
and Tibet himself was a great advocate for reclusive
English folk singer
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1959:
1492:
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296:
647:
England's Hidden
Reverse: A Secret History of the Esoteric Underground
4004:
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3316:
2211:
2116:
1991:
1986:
1750:
1723:
931:
1204:
768:(2007). "The Euro-Pagan Scene: Between Paganism and Radical Right".
2729:
742:"When Rome Falls, Falls the World: Current 93 and Apocalyptic Folk"
215:, have been called a major influence on what later became neofolk.
3199:
2998:
2328:
1745:
1711:
1470:
1053:
412:
Die Welt der
Gothics: SpielrĂ€ume dĂŒster konnotierter Transzendenz
160:
693:
Exploring the Networked Worlds of Popular Music: Milieux Cultures
3984:
1475:
212:
3594:
3002:
2733:
870:
2958:
2355:
819:
vibes: Neofolk, place, politics, and pan-European nationalism"
276:
use in the 1980s, he began to revere the children's character
273:
584:"Folk singer Shirley Collins performs first show in 35 years"
515:"Unmasking Gaylord, Black Metal's Latest Anti-Fascist Enigma"
746:
Anthems of Apocalypse: Popular Music and Apocalyptic Thought
287:
Many bands use metaphors, sometimes borrowing terms such as
909:
Music on the World Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage
351:
that also describe various other forms of unrelated music.
385:
383:
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3972:
3919:
3834:
3719:
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3628:
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1506:
1461:
1405:
1310:
1248:
1237:
1021:
924:
915:
863:, Vol. 43, No. 5 (December 2009), pp. 431â457.
671:. In Schlehe, Judith; SandkĂŒhler, Evamaria (eds.).
268:than any Christian canon. During a period of heavy
87:
77:
69:
40:
28:
23:
669:"Germanic Neo-Paganism â A Nordic Art-Religion?"
723:(in German). Zeltingen-Rachtig: Index Verlag.
3606:
3014:
2745:
882:
404:
402:
400:
398:
8:
721:Looking for Europe: Neofolk und HintergrĂŒnde
409:Neumann-Braun, Klaus; Schmidt, Axel (2008).
748:. Sheffield Phoenix Press. pp. 72â89.
513:Kelly, Kim; Joyce, Colin (21 August 2018).
3716:
3613:
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3591:
3021:
3007:
2999:
2752:
2738:
2730:
1458:
1307:
1245:
921:
889:
875:
867:
500:
20:
776:(2). Translated by Godwin, Ariel: 35â54.
719:Diesel, Andreas; Gerten, Dieter (2007).
379:
211:'s band members, specifically those of
616:(in German). Peter Lang. p. 133.
479:
467:
825:. London: Routledge. pp. 36â58.
770:Journal for the Studies of Radicalism
571:The Apocalyptic Visions of Current 93
7:
4056:List of experimental music festivals
435:
389:
3296:Singapore Dark Alternative Movement
744:. In Partridge, Christopher (ed.).
4061:List of electronic music festivals
2983:List of industrial music festivals
248:. Webb writes that for bands like
14:
675:. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.
3995:Experimental musical instrument
2988:List of industrial music genres
2978:List of industrial music labels
2622:20th-century Western folk music
823:Nationalism and Popular Culture
4066:List of experimental musicians
2973:List of industrial music bands
1:
4040:Electroacoustic improvisation
3565:Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael
3322:Le Phonographique (1979â2005)
2795:Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth
449:Interview with Douglas Pearce
2804:Post-industrial developments
813:Saunders, Robert A. (2020).
3383:Convergence (goth festival)
3149:List of gothic rock artists
2910:Fusion genres / derivatives
240:and a reaction against the
4113:
3570:Murder of Sophie Lancaster
1719:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
649:. London: SAF Publishing.
358:
3195:Cassandra Peterson/Elvira
3109:Siouxsie and the Banshees
1029:American primitive guitar
906:
899:Folk and indigenous music
821:. In Nieguth, Tim (ed.).
92:
3398:List of gothic festivals
3388:Bats Day in the Fun Park
2095:Bosnian and Herzegovinan
665:Schnurbein, Stefanie von
313:Related terms and styles
4092:English styles of music
3816:Intelligent dance music
831:10.4324/9780429321764-4
454:18 October 2007 at the
347:folk". These terms are
302:Stefanie von Schnurbein
3373:Lumous Gothic Festival
3144:Fields of the Nephilim
1617:by ethnocultural group
925:By subject or function
169:
2955:Industrial folk music
2821:Electronic body music
1821:Indigenous Australian
861:Patterns of Prejudice
855:Shekhovtsov, Anton. '
782:10.1353/jsr.2008.0006
740:Fava, SĂ©rgio (2012).
696:. London: Routledge.
539:Rehill, Anne (2009).
266:apocryphal literature
164:
141:blending elements of
4000:Experimental luthier
3710:Experimental popular
3119:The Sisters of Mercy
1664:Cape Breton fiddling
690:Webb, Peter (2007).
547:Greenwood Publishing
470:, pp. 148, 178.
3921:Extended techniques
3480:Film and literature
3378:Whitby Goth Weekend
3363:M'era Luna Festival
3337:Death Guild (1993â)
3327:Batcave (1982â1985)
3310:Notable club nights
2229:Starogradska muzika
2195:Starogradska muzika
2134:Starogradska muzika
2122:Starogradska muzika
2105:Starogradska muzika
503:, pp. 254â255.
149:, which emerged in
4025:Sound installation
3872:Free improvisation
3764:Deconstructed club
3622:Experimental music
3529:The Goodbye Family
3368:Drop Dead Festival
3358:Wave-Gotik-Treffen
3332:Slimelight (1987â)
3317:F Club (1977â1982)
3265:Wednesday Mourning
2917:Industrial hip hop
2836:Martial industrial
2816:Electro-industrial
2775:Industrial Records
2514:Middle Eastern and
1154:Medieval folk rock
766:François, Stéphane
590:. 10 February 2014
361:Martial industrial
355:Martial industrial
209:Velvet Underground
170:
139:experimental music
82:Martial industrial
4097:Folk music genres
4074:
4073:
4010:Progressive music
3990:Data sonification
3915:
3914:
3774:Experimental rock
3732:Avant-garde metal
3588:
3587:
3580:Vampirefreaks.com
3508:The Addams Family
3230:Patricia Morrison
2996:
2995:
2939:Industrial techno
2894:Power electronics
2780:Throbbing Gristle
2727:
2726:
2608:
2607:
2403:Gaelic folk music
1848:Papua New Guinean
1676:
1675:
1571:
1570:
1233:
1232:
1191:New Weird America
840:978-0-429-32176-4
755:978-1-907534-34-8
730:978-3-936878-02-8
703:978-0-415-95658-1
682:978-3-8376-2613-1
656:978-0-946719-40-2
556:978-0-313-35438-0
422:978-3-531-15880-8
128:
127:
41:Stylistic origins
4104:
4049:Events and lists
3973:Related concepts
3897:Progressive jazz
3769:Experimental pop
3727:Avant-garde jazz
3717:
3688:Musique concrete
3671:Acousmatic music
3615:
3608:
3601:
3592:
3560:Gother Than Thou
3240:Elizabeth Fraser
3039:Associated music
3032:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2927:Industrial metal
2899:Death industrial
2882:Harsh noise wall
2785:Cabaret Voltaire
2761:Industrial music
2754:
2747:
2740:
2731:
2719:History of music
2687:Progressive rock
1858:Solomon Islander
1816:White Australian
1463:African-American
1459:
1312:Indigenous North
1308:
1246:
1200:Progressive folk
1181:Psychedelic folk
922:
900:
891:
884:
877:
868:
852:
809:
759:
734:
707:
686:
660:
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536:
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504:
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489:
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477:
471:
465:
459:
445:
439:
433:
427:
426:
406:
393:
387:
318:Apocalyptic folk
147:industrial music
135:apocalyptic folk
133:, also known as
78:Derivative forms
70:Cultural origins
34:Apocalyptic folk
21:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4044:
4030:Sound sculpture
3968:
3949:Prepared guitar
3934:Circuit bending
3911:
3830:
3713:
3711:
3704:
3666:Electroacoustic
3637:
3634:classical music
3633:
3624:
3619:
3589:
3584:
3548:
3502:Edgar Allan Poe
3475:
3407:Art and fashion
3402:
3346:
3342:Xmortis (2004â)
3305:
3274:Regional scenes
3269:
3210:Monica Richards
3185:Andrew Eldritch
3158:Notable figures
3153:
3129:Alien Sex Fiend
3099:Christian Death
3082:
3034:
3031:Goth subculture
3030:
3027:
2997:
2992:
2943:
2922:Industrial rock
2905:
2860:
2799:
2763:
2758:
2728:
2723:
2614:
2604:
2583:Anatolian blues
2515:
2508:
2251:Anatolian blues
2054:
1982:Kamrupi Lokgeet
1877:
1833:Easter Islander
1797:
1762:
1672:
1585:Canadian fiddle
1567:
1502:
1457:
1401:
1313:
1306:
1288:Tierra Caliente
1258:Central America
1240:
1229:
1144:Industrial folk
1017:
954:Christmas carol
917:
911:
902:
898:
895:
841:
812:
764:
756:
739:
731:
718:
715:
713:Further reading
710:
704:
689:
683:
663:
657:
641:
637:
632:
631:
624:
608:
607:
603:
593:
591:
582:
581:
577:
568:
564:
557:
549:. p. 205.
538:
537:
533:
523:
521:
512:
511:
507:
501:Schnurbein 2014
499:
495:
490:
486:
478:
474:
466:
462:
456:Wayback Machine
446:
442:
434:
430:
423:
408:
407:
396:
388:
381:
376:
371:
363:
357:
337:
329:Shirley Collins
320:
315:
238:romantic poetry
234:Runic alphabets
221:
168:in live concert
159:
137:, is a form of
19:
12:
11:
5:
4110:
4108:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4078:
4072:
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4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3954:Prepared piano
3951:
3946:
3944:Plunderphonics
3941:
3939:Frippertronics
3936:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3515:Triana Orpheus
3511:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3393:World Goth Day
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3351:Notable events
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Siouxsie Sioux
3172:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3134:Dead Can Dance
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3056:Gothic country
3053:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2682:Outlaw country
2679:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2627:Acoustic music
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2588:Anatolian rock
2585:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:Anatolian rock
2253:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1768:South American
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1734:Chutney parang
1726:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1411:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1254:
1252:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1159:Medieval metal
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1096:Medieval metal
1088:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
962:
961:
956:
946:
945:
944:
939:
928:
926:
919:
913:
912:
907:
904:
903:
896:
894:
893:
886:
879:
871:
865:
864:
853:
839:
810:
761:
760:
754:
736:
735:
729:
714:
711:
709:
708:
702:
687:
681:
661:
655:
638:
636:
633:
630:
629:
622:
601:
575:
562:
555:
531:
505:
493:
484:
482:, p. 152.
472:
460:
440:
438:, p. 100.
428:
421:
394:
378:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
359:Main article:
356:
353:
349:umbrella terms
336:
333:
319:
316:
314:
311:
220:
217:
174:Douglas Pearce
158:
155:
126:
125:
124:
123:
118:
116:neopagan music
113:
108:
103:
98:
90:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
73:1980s, England
71:
67:
66:
65:
64:
59:
54:
49:
42:
38:
37:
36:
35:
30:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4109:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:Sound collage
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3649:indeterminacy
3647:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3604:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3471:Winklepickers
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Gothic Beauty
3439:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Bethany Black
3258:
3256:
3255:Brendan Perry
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Gitane DeMone
3223:
3221:
3220:Rozz Williams
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Cocteau Twins
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:Notable bands
3085:
3079:
3078:Ethereal wave
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:Initial scene
2766:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:Roots revival
2700:
2698:
2697:Record labels
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2566:Mizrahi music
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2516:North African
2511:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:Celtic fusion
2293:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
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1250:North America
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1004:
1003:Sporting song
1001:
999:
996:
992:
991:Anti-war song
989:
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976:Drinking song
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643:Keenan, David
640:
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625:
623:9783631601266
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246:Enlightenment
243:
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210:
206:
202:
201:Leonard Cohen
197:
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182:Tony Wakeford
179:
178:Death In June
175:
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53:
50:
48:
45:
44:
43:
39:
33:
32:
31:
27:
22:
16:
3820:
3712:music genres
3632:contemporary
3541:
3536:The Munsters
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3451:Edward Gorey
3250:Lisa Gerrard
3205:Dinah Cancer
3170:Peter Murphy
3165:Robert Smith
3114:Joy Division
2961:
2840:
2811:Dark ambient
2675:Laws numbers
2573:Pontic Greek
2440:Pontic Greek
2361:Morris dance
2300:Celtic metal
2224:Balkan brass
1970:Manila sound
1739:Chutney soca
1543:Country rock
1533:Country folk
1427:Folk revival
1283:Son huasteco
1170:
1120:Celtic metal
1091:Celtic metal
1066:Folk baroque
1044:Country folk
998:Sea shanties
986:Protest song
860:
822:
816:
773:
769:
745:
720:
692:
672:
646:
612:
604:
592:. Retrieved
588:the Guardian
587:
578:
565:
541:
534:
522:. Retrieved
518:
508:
496:
487:
475:
463:
443:
431:
411:
364:
340:
338:
321:
292:
289:Ernst JĂŒnger
286:
250:Sol Invictus
222:
198:
186:Sol Invictus
171:
166:Sol Invictus
134:
130:
129:
88:Other topics
62:dark ambient
57:experimental
15:
3964:Turntablism
3907:Witch house
3867:Drone metal
3656:Avant-garde
3543:The Sandman
3466:Backcombing
3446:Rose Mortem
3436:Lip Service
3429:Health Goth
3281:Camden Town
3215:Lisa Hammer
3046:Gothic rock
2887:Power noise
2872:Harsh noise
2856:Witch house
2790:Psychick TV
2707:World music
2692:Pub session
2665:Roud number
2660:Collections
2652:Instruments
2534:Azerbaijani
2310:Celtic rock
2305:Celtic punk
2180:Montenegrin
1891:Bangladeshi
1843:Marshallese
1538:Country pop
1429:(1950sâ60s)
1415:Appalachian
1278:Son jarocho
1215:Tamang Selo
1134:Folktronica
1125:Celtic punk
1115:Celtic rock
1108:Celtic punk
971:Dance music
480:Keenan 2003
468:Keenan 2003
306:Nietzschean
270:amphetamine
262:apocalyptic
254:David Tibet
242:rationalism
226:neopaganism
190:David Tibet
29:Other names
18:Music genre
4081:Categories
4035:Soundscape
3959:Scordatura
3929:3rd bridge
3892:Industrial
3857:Avant-funk
3799:noise rock
3754:Avant-punk
3749:Avant-prog
3737:Post-metal
3676:Tape music
3497:Tim Burton
3492:Literature
3245:Doc Hammer
3235:Carl McCoy
3180:Ian Curtis
3124:The Damned
3051:Gothabilly
2647:Folk dance
2642:Folk clubs
2632:Filk music
2598:Tsifteteli
2445:Portuguese
2420:Lithuanian
2280:Belarusian
2271:Tsifteteli
2234:Turbo-folk
2185:Macedonian
2156:Tsifteteli
2100:Sevdalinka
2043:Vietnamese
1999:Indonesian
1811:Australian
1786:Venezuelan
1700:Kontradans
1633:by region
1590:Indigenous
1553:Rockabilly
1548:Honky-tonk
1521:Roots rock
1498:Spirituals
1438:New Mexico
1300:Panamanian
1241:traditions
1186:Freak folk
1139:Indie folk
1086:Folk metal
1061:Filk music
966:Children's
916:Types and
369:References
324:Current 93
295:and using
293:WaldgÀnger
258:Current 93
194:Current 93
111:freak folk
52:industrial
4015:Sound art
3902:Punk jazz
3877:Free jazz
3809:post-rock
3804:post-punk
3784:math rock
3779:krautrock
3744:Avant-pop
3644:Aleatoric
3575:Post-punk
3461:Deathhawk
3424:Cybergoth
3291:Cleveland
3190:Nick Cave
3073:Dark wave
3068:Cold wave
3063:Deathrock
2968:Rivethead
2877:Japanoise
2831:Japanoise
2826:Futurepop
2712:Worldbeat
2637:Festivals
2593:Arabesque
2487:Ukrainian
2467:Slovenian
2430:Norwegian
2393:Icelandic
2388:Hungarian
2261:Arabesque
2241:Slovenian
2112:Bulgarian
2038:Pakistani
2028:Mongolian
1918:Cantonese
1903:Bhutanese
1776:Brazilian
1682:Caribbean
1642:Québécois
1528:Bluegrass
1516:Americana
1481:Dixieland
1332:Blackfeet
1239:Regional
1220:Vallenato
1176:Nerd-folk
1103:Folk punk
1081:Folk rock
1071:Folk jazz
1039:Bluegrass
1034:Anti-folk
1013:Work song
1008:War songs
981:Love song
918:subgenres
849:242993887
806:144508250
790:1930-1189
436:Webb 2007
390:Webb 2007
374:Citations
341:dark folk
335:Folk noir
230:occultism
151:punk rock
121:post-punk
106:folk punk
101:dark wave
96:Anti-folk
3980:Cymatics
3887:Hyperpop
3852:Art rock
3847:Art punk
3789:neo-prog
3759:Biomusic
3720:By style
3630:Related
3553:See also
3522:The Crow
3456:Big hair
3094:The Cure
2932:Nu metal
2846:New beat
2615:articles
2613:Related
2539:Egyptian
2529:Assyrian
2524:Armenian
2455:Scottish
2408:Hornpipe
2368:Estonian
2351:Hornpipe
2324:Moravian
2207:Romanian
2151:Rebetiko
2129:Croatian
2083:Albanian
2073:Austrian
2060:European
2033:Nepalese
2004:Japanese
1965:Kundiman
1955:Filipino
1938:Pak-kĂłan
1933:LĂąm-kĂłan
1896:Bhawaiya
1873:Tuvaluan
1863:Tahitian
1803:Oceanian
1707:Jamaican
1659:Maritime
1652:NĂ©o-trad
1637:Prairies
1577:Canadian
1443:Red Dirt
1433:Hawaiian
1420:Old-time
1407:American
1382:Seminole
1352:Iroquois
1322:Canadian
1314:American
1166:Muiñeira
1076:Folk-pop
959:Koliadka
817:Völkisch
798:41887576
667:(2014).
645:(2003).
524:19 April
452:Archived
4087:Neofolk
3862:Ambient
3842:Art pop
3835:Related
3821:Neofolk
3794:no wave
3683:Minimal
3419:Fashion
3301:Toronto
3286:Chicago
3104:Bauhaus
2962:neofolk
2948:Related
2851:No wave
2841:Neofolk
2578:Turkish
2561:Klezmer
2556:Israeli
2551:Iranian
2544:Fantezi
2492:Cossack
2477:Swedish
2472:Spanish
2450:Russian
2425:Maltese
2415:Latvian
2373:Finnish
2346:English
2266:Fantezi
2246:Turkish
2219:Serbian
2190:Äalgija
2173:Tallava
2168:Kosovan
2163:Italian
2088:Tallava
2048:Quan há»
1960:Bodabil
1943:Teochew
1928:Jingnan
1913:Chinese
1781:Chilean
1729:Chutney
1695:Haitian
1508:Country
1493:Ragtime
1453:Western
1327:Arapaho
1268:Corrido
1263:Mexican
1210:Skiffle
1171:Neofolk
1049:Dangdut
1022:Fusions
932:Ballads
635:Sources
458:, 2005.
343:" and "
297:fascist
284:deity.
282:Gnostic
244:of the
219:Culture
188:), and
157:History
131:Neofolk
24:Neofolk
4005:Fluxus
3882:Glitch
3698:Danger
3636:genres
2460:Gaelic
2435:Polish
2383:German
2378:French
2336:Danish
2290:Celtic
2285:Breton
2212:Manele
2202:Romani
2117:Chalga
2078:Balkan
2068:Alpine
2016:Korean
2009:Min'yĆ
1992:Sanedo
1987:Rasiya
1977:Indian
1868:Tongan
1853:Samoan
1751:Parang
1724:Cariso
1627:French
1622:Celtic
1448:Tejano
1377:Pueblo
1372:Navajo
949:Carols
942:Murder
847:
837:
804:
796:
788:
752:
727:
700:
679:
653:
620:
553:
519:Noisey
419:
203:, and
3693:Noise
3661:Drone
3200:Eva O
2865:Noise
2670:Child
2656:List
2504:Welsh
2497:Dumka
2482:Swiss
2398:Irish
2341:Dutch
2329:Polka
2319:Czech
2146:LaĂŻko
2141:Greek
1923:Hakka
1883:Asian
1838:Maori
1746:Kaiso
1712:Mento
1690:Cuban
1610:MĂ©tis
1605:Inuit
1471:Blues
1397:Yuman
1392:Yaqui
1387:Sioux
1367:MĂ©tis
1357:Kiowa
1347:Inuit
1293:Yaqui
1054:Koplo
937:Child
845:S2CID
802:S2CID
794:JSTOR
594:6 May
345:pagan
280:as a
278:Noddy
205:Comus
3985:Dada
3826:Wave
3487:Film
2356:Jigs
2021:Trot
1756:Soca
1600:Innu
1595:Dene
1476:Jazz
1342:Innu
1337:Dene
835:ISBN
786:ISSN
750:ISBN
725:ISBN
698:ISBN
677:ISBN
651:ISBN
618:ISBN
596:2020
551:ISBN
526:2019
417:ISBN
272:and
264:and
228:and
213:Nico
145:and
143:folk
47:Folk
3414:Art
2959:cf.
1488:Jug
1225:Xáș©m
1205:RaĂŻ
859:',
827:doi
778:doi
291:'s
274:LSD
256:of
196:).
180:),
4083::
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843:.
833:.
800:.
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784:.
772:.
586:.
545:.
517:.
397:^
382:^
331:.
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883:t
876:v
851:.
829::
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808:.
780::
774:1
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733:.
706:.
685:.
659:.
626:.
598:.
573:"
569:"
559:.
528:.
425:.
192:(
184:(
176:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
