Knowledge (XXG)

Neo-Aramaic dialect of Bohtan

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Bohtan Neo-Aramaic is considered as a severely endangered language as it is estimated to have less than 500 speakers, mostly found in the former Soviet Union. Due to migration and intermarriage, younger generations speak the language less fluently and are expected to know Russian or Turkish as their
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The Neo-Aramaic language is classified under Afroasiatic and the Bohtan dialect is more specifically one of the NENA dialects which are found south-eastern Turkey, northern Iraq and western Iran Due to the dislocation of NENA speakers, neighboring languages have influenced the dialects, such as
514:. 1895: "Grammar of the dialects of vernacular Syriac: as spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, north-west Persia, and the Plain of Mosul: with notices of the vernacular of the Jews of Azerbaijan and of Zakhu near Mosul". 4241: 4368: 1858: 2545: 3349: 2481: 291:, Hertevin, Senaya and Koy Sanjat Surat. Bohtan refers to the area between the Tigris and Bohtan river . The dialect mostly spoken by Christian communities. 608: 4133: 3388: 2457: 4383: 1851: 1171: 4378: 3566: 2538: 2452: 2392: 1122: 1097: 2179: 1161: 1140: 1156: 559: 3342: 2053: 4216: 1844: 1191: 1186: 4363: 4358: 3893: 3419: 2531: 581: 2128: 505: 4275: 2382: 2122: 2116: 1112: 4388: 3561: 3335: 2377: 2164: 2023: 1117: 1107: 601: 124: 3956: 3941: 3923: 3899: 3881: 3875: 3804: 3629: 3311: 2447: 2097: 1446: 528:„Sprich doch mit deinen Knechten aramäisch, wir verstehen es!“ 60 Beiträge zur Semitistik Festschrift für Otto Jastrow zum 60 308: 3810: 3771: 3685: 2964: 2641: 1957: 1014: 4373: 4295: 4270: 4206: 3970: 2091: 1181: 1166: 188: 3787: 4280: 4226: 4089: 3506: 3481: 3475: 3398: 2800: 2464: 2281: 2140: 2038: 2032: 2002: 1780: 1176: 890: 348: 283:
This dialect is derived from the Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) languages, which is made up by Bohtan Neo-Aramaic,
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with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans
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Bohtan's consonant inventory is typical of other NENA dialects. Unlike Hertevin, it merges /
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since it is a northeastern Aramaic language and its speakers are ethnically Assyrians.
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Fox, Samuel. 2002. "A Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Bohtan", in W. Arnold and H. Bobzin,
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Jastrow, Otto. 1988. "Der neuaramäische Dialekt von Hertevin" (Provinz Siirt).
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Takashina, Yoshiyuki.1990. "Some Remarks on Modern Aramaic of Hertevin."
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Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Colloquium on Aramaic Studies 37: 93-99
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Greenfield, Jonas. 1978. “The Dialects of Early Aramaic".
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Khan, G. 2010. "The Debate on Ergativity in Neo-Aramaic"
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originally spoken by ethnic Assyrians on the plain of
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Its speakers were displaced during the 442:Journal of the American Oriental Society 2453:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq 385: 2180:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India 260:. It is considered to be a dialect of 7: 28: 578:at the Endangered Languages Project 516:Cambridge University Press: London. 477: 465: 417: 16:Modern Eastern Neo-Aramaic language 3288:Languages between parentheses are 1823:Languages between parentheses are 496:. 1990. "Studies in Neo-Aramaic". 14: 3389:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora 2458:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora 2129:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 552:The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Bohtan 4384:Endangered Afroasiatic languages 4331: 4319: 4276:Assyrian Democratic Organisation 3429: 3418: 3407: 3023: 2506: 2123:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 2117:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 498:Scholars Press: Atlanta, Georgia 403: 267:The closest related dialect is 4379:Languages of Georgia (country) 3942:Genocide of Christians by ISIL 3805:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia 3292:of the language on their left. 2448:Assyrian independence movement 2098:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 1827:of the language on their left. 244:. However it is now spoken in 1: 3686:Ancient Mesopotamian religion 582:Numbers in Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 4296:Syriac Union Party (Lebanon) 4271:Assyrian Democratic Movement 33: 4281:Assyrian Universal Alliance 3507:Assyrian Church of the East 3482:Assyrian Pentecostal Church 3476:Assyrian Evangelical Church 3399:Terms for Syriac Christians 2465:Terms for Syriac Christians 2282:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa 2141:Assyrian Church of the East 2039:Assyrian Pentecostal Church 2033:Assyrian Evangelical Church 2003:Assyrian Church of the East 349:Assyrian Church of the East 4405: 4291:Syriac Union Party (Syria) 3513:Ancient Church of the East 2009:Ancient Church of the East 550:Fox, Samuel Ethan (2009). 4364:Eastern Aramaic languages 4359:Central Semitic languages 4314: 3405: 3365: 3274: 3021: 2495: 2067:(active 1st century–1601) 1809: 26: 3811:Muslim conquest of Syria 3501:Chaldean Catholic Church 3247:Northeastern Neo-Aramaic 2322:Dionysius of Vattasseril 2186:Believers Eastern Church 1980:Chaldean Catholic Church 1820:or historical languages. 544:Wiesbaden:L Harrassowitz 206:Northeastern Neo-Aramaic 4338:Christianity portal 4301:Syriac Military Council 3900:Massacres of Diyarbekir 3835:Principality of Antioch 3788:Byzantine–Sasanian wars 3595:Assyrian folk/pop music 3307:Languages of Azerbaijan 2513:Christianity portal 2267:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth 2174:Mar Thoma Syrian Church 2054:Saint Thomas Christians 220:in 1915 and settled in 4389:Languages of Kurdistan 4056:Al-Hasakah Governorate 3894:Massacres of Badr Khan 3668:Middle Assyrian Empire 3470:Syriac Catholic Church 3464:Syriac Orthodox Church 2307:Ignatius Andrew Akijan 2292:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel 2150:Chaldean Syrian Church 1924:Syriac Orthodox Church 1905:Syriac Catholic Church 3924:Independence movement 3680:Post-imperial Assyria 3656:Early Assyrian period 1015:Christian Palestinian 736:Ancient North Arabian 3600:Music of Mesopotamia 3547:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 3542:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 3312:Languages of Georgia 3302:Languages of Armenia 2438:Assyrian nationalism 2383:Koy Sanjaq Christian 2368:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 2358:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 2272:Dionysius bar Salibi 2247:Philoxenus of Mabbug 2100:(West Syriac) (1932) 2094:(East Syriac) (1665) 1113:Koy Sanjaq Christian 801:Pre-classical Arabic 512:Maclean, Arthur John 359:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 354:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 289:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 285:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 262:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 4374:Languages of Russia 3906:Rise of nationalism 3847:Jalayirid Sultanate 3674:Neo-Assyrian Empire 3662:Old Assyrian period 3605:Syriac sacral music 3425:Aramean-Syriac flag 3384:Assyrian continuity 3317:Languages of Russia 2487:Syriac sacral music 2342:Baselios Paulose II 2327:Geevarghese Ivanios 2287:Abraham of Angamaly 2092:Syro-Malabar Church 1868:Syriac Christianity 957:Ashurian and Hatran 494:Heinrichs, Wolfhart 455:Proceedings of IATL 4326:History portal 3768:Church of the East 3557:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 3394:Chaldean Catholics 2801:Caucasian Albanian 2363:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 2302:Abraham Koorilos I 2232:Severus of Antioch 2165:Eastern Protestant 2024:Eastern Protestant 1952:"Nestorian Church" 1946:Church of the East 1578:Harari–East Gurage 1029:Jewish Palestinian 576:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 393:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 202:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 194:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 130:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 22:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 4346: 4345: 4257: 4256: 3973: 3951: 3950: 3918:Assyrian genocide 3817:Abbasid Caliphate 3639: 3522: 3521: 3325: 3324: 3284:extinct languages 3230: 3229: 3156: 3155: 3019: 3018: 2959: 2958: 2521: 2520: 2443:Assyrian homeland 2431:Assyrian genocide 2207:Ephrem the Syrian 2195: 2194: 2109:Oriental Orthodox 2048: 2047: 1933: 1932: 1916:Oriental Orthodox 1882:Church of Antioch 1834: 1833: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1621: 1620: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1269: 1268: 1244: 1243: 1200: 1199: 1172:Koy Sanjaq Jewish 964:Jewish Babylonian 885: 884: 618:Semitic languages 561:978-1-4632-1732-7 554:. 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1460: 1454: 1452: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1421: 1414: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1384: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1343: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1322: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1294: 1287: 1279: 1277: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1094: 1092: 1085: 1074: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1048: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1032: 1025: 1018: 1006: 999: 991: 989: 981: 980: 978: 977: 972: 967: 960: 952: 950: 944: 943: 941: 940: 937:Middle Aramaic 933: 926: 919: 911: 909: 902: 893: 887: 886: 883: 882: 880: 879: 874: 869: 868: 867: 866: 865: 848: 843: 837: 835: 833:Dialect groups 829: 828: 826: 825: 820: 814: 812: 808: 807: 805: 804: 797: 790: 789: 788: 781: 774: 767: 760: 753: 746: 732: 725: 717: 715: 708: 699: 693: 692: 690: 689: 682: 681: 680: 665: 663: 655: 654: 652: 651: 650: 649: 644: 634: 628: 626: 622: 621: 616: 614: 613: 606: 599: 591: 585: 584: 579: 571: 570:External links 568: 567: 566: 560: 547: 540: 534: 524: 518: 509: 489: 486: 483: 482: 470: 458: 446: 433: 422: 410: 384: 383: 381: 378: 377: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 329: 326: 320: 317: 304: 301: 280: 277: 214:Ottoman Empire 197: 196: 191: 185: 184: 177: 169: 168: 161: 153: 152: 151:Language codes 148: 147: 145: 144: 143: 142: 141: 140: 139: 138: 137: 136: 135: 134: 133: 132: 92: 90: 83: 80: 79: 76: 73: 70: 69: 56: 52: 51: 42: 41:Native to 38: 37: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4401: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4327: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4247: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4237:United States 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4083: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3829:Buyid amirate 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3750:Roman Assyria 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3676:(911–609 BCE) 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3644: 3641: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3578: 3577:Syriac script 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3442: 3437: 3436:Chaldean flag 3432: 3426: 3421: 3415: 3414:Assyrian flag 3410: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3348: 3346: 3341: 3339: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3031: 3026: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2475:Phoenicianism 2473: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2137: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2065: 2064: 2055: 2051: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1953: 1948: 1947: 1940: 1936: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1808: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1756: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1500:Ethio-Semitic 1497: 1494: 1490: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1356: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1262: 1261:Judeo-Aramaic 1259: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1142: 1139: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1067: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1004: 1000: 998: 997: 993: 992: 990: 988: 987: 982: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 965: 961: 959: 958: 954: 953: 951: 949: 945: 939: 938: 934: 932: 931: 927: 925: 924: 920: 918: 917: 913: 912: 910: 906: 903: 901: 897: 894: 892: 888: 878: 875: 873: 870: 864: 861: 860: 859: 858: 857:Siculo-Arabic 854: 853: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 838: 836: 834: 830: 824: 821: 819: 816: 815: 813: 809: 803: 802: 798: 796: 795: 791: 787: 786: 782: 780: 779: 775: 773: 772: 768: 766: 765: 761: 759: 758: 754: 752: 751: 747: 745: 744: 740: 739: 738: 737: 733: 731: 730: 726: 724: 723: 719: 718: 716: 712: 709: 707: 703: 700: 698: 694: 688: 687: 683: 679: 678: 674: 673: 672: 671: 667: 666: 664: 662: 661: 656: 648: 645: 643: 640: 639: 638: 635: 633: 630: 629: 627: 623: 619: 612: 607: 605: 600: 598: 593: 592: 589: 583: 580: 577: 574: 573: 569: 563: 557: 553: 548: 545: 541: 539: 535: 533: 529: 525: 523: 519: 517: 513: 510: 507: 506:1-55540-430-8 503: 499: 495: 492: 491: 487: 479: 474: 471: 467: 462: 459: 456: 450: 447: 443: 437: 434: 431: 426: 423: 419: 414: 411: 406: 400: 399: 394: 389: 386: 379: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 331: 327: 325: 318: 316: 314: 310: 302: 300: 298: 292: 290: 286: 278: 276: 274: 270: 265: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 195: 192: 190: 186: 182: 178: 176: 175: 170: 166: 162: 159: 154: 149: 131: 128: 127: 126: 122: 121: 120: 117: 116: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 106: 105: 102: 101: 100: 97: 96: 95: 91: 87: 81: 77: 71: 68: 64: 60: 57: 53: 50: 46: 43: 39: 35: 25: 20: 3853:Qara Qoyunlu 3716:(312–63 BCE) 3556: 3447:Christianity 3279: 3263: 3256: 3242:Kalmyk Oirat 3148:Pontic Greek 3008: 2872: 2799: 2605:Old Georgian 2603: 2582:(Kartvelian) 2569: 2410:(Liturgical) 2362: 2317:Elias Mellus 2277:Bar Hebraeus 2237:Paul the Jew 2061: 1951: 1944: 1878:, legacy of 1813: 1790: 1771: 1764: 1757: 1750: 1662: 1639: 1416: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1386: 1379: 1372: 1352: 1345: 1338: 1324: 1317: 1308: 1301: 1289: 1282: 1216: 1187:Urmia Jewish 1102: 1055: 1050: 1043: 1034: 1027: 1020: 1013: 1008: 1001: 994: 984: 962: 955: 935: 928: 921: 914: 872:Mesopotamian 855: 799: 792: 783: 776: 769: 762: 755: 748: 741: 734: 727: 722:Proto-Arabic 720: 684: 675: 668: 658: 551: 543: 537: 531: 527: 521: 515: 497: 473: 468:, p. 7. 461: 454: 449: 444:111, 191-192 441: 436: 425: 420:, p. 5. 413: 396: 388: 322: 315:/ into /x/. 306: 293: 282: 266: 201: 200: 172: 129: 119:Northeastern 94:Afro-Asiatic 67:Kvemo Kartli 63:Novopavlovsk 4212:New Zealand 4207:Netherlands 3971:Settlements 3884:(1555–1917) 3861:(1453–1501) 3855:(1375–1468) 3849:(1335–1432) 3843:(1258–1335) 3837:(1098–1268) 3798:Middle ages 3738:Roman Syria 3732:Syrian Wars 3369:Middle East 3212:Azerbaijani 2337:Thoma Darmo 2200:Key figures 2139:Nestorian ( 1941:, legacy of 1939:East Syriac 1876:West Syriac 1752:Hadramautic 1738:Old Arabian 1675:West Gurage 1585:East Gurage 1231:Neo-Mandaic 1009:Palestinian 916:Old Aramaic 254:Novopavlosk 4353:Categories 4095:Diyarbakır 4066:Tell Tamer 4061:Al-Hasakah 3957:By country 3869:Modern era 3859:Aq Qoyunlu 3831:(945–1055) 3825:(905–1383) 3819:(750–1258) 3634:(including 3610:Folk dance 2992:Circassian 2653:Avar–Andic 2623:Mingrelian 2262:John Maron 2161:Protestant 2020:Protestant 1781:Rijal Alma 1766:Qatabanian 1404:Himyaritic 1347:Phoenician 908:Historical 877:Peninsular 778:Taymanitic 729:Old Arabic 714:Historical 430:ethnologue 398:Ethnologue 380:References 242:Azerbaijan 4286:Dawronoye 4217:Palestine 4147:Australia 4120:Tur Abdin 4000:Tel Keppe 3920:(1914–20) 3908:(19th c.) 3890:(16th c.) 3878:(1508–55) 3841:Ilkhanate 3790:(502–628) 3784:(226–651) 3782:Asoristan 3752:(116–118) 3707:antiquity 3705:Classical 3638:contexts) 3535:languages 3290:varieties 3282:indicate 3110:Ukrainian 3085:Judeo-Tat 3002:Kabardian 2965:Northwest 2810:Southern 2790:Tabasaran 2645:(Caspian) 2642:Northeast 2589:Karto-Zan 2566:Caucasian 2351:Languages 2217:Nestorius 2058:legacy of 1995:Nestorian 1825:varieties 1816:indicate 1695:Sebat Bet 1445:Eastern ( 1397:Deir Alla 1275:Canaanite 1182:Trans-Zab 1167:Inter-Zab 1091:Christian 1045:Palmyrene 1036:Samaritan 1003:Nabataean 891:Northwest 846:Levantine 818:Classical 743:Dadanitic 303:Phonology 279:Genealogy 222:Gardabani 174:Glottolog 158:ISO 639-3 4263:Politics 4134:Diaspora 4115:Mazıdağı 4071:Qamishli 4044:Sanandaj 4017:Shaqlawa 4005:Bartella 3990:Qaraqosh 3966:Homeland 3764:(5th c.) 3746:(15–116) 3744:Adiabene 3691:Arameans 3646:Ancient 3620:Clothing 3562:Hertevin 3377:Identity 3298:See also 3252:Assyrian 3126:Armenian 3065:Ossetian 3058:Kurmanji 3036:European 2968:(Pontic) 2946:Khinalug 2921:Khwarshi 2906:(Didoic) 2832:Western 2776:Eastern 2694:Chamalal 2689:Godoberi 2676:Bagvalal 2594:Georgian 2558:Caucasus 2470:Arameans 2427:/Syriac 2418:See also 2378:Hertevin 2373:Garshuni 2212:Aphrahat 1773:Awsanian 1656:Tt-group 1532:Tigrinya 1411:Samalian 1388:Galilean 1381:Ugaritic 1326:Medieval 1319:Mishnaic 1303:Biblical 1284:Ammonite 1177:Sanandaj 1162:Betanure 1135:Chaldean 1132:Assyrian 1118:Qaraqosh 1108:Hértevin 1022:Galilean 996:Lebanese 851:Maghrebi 811:Literary 785:Thamudic 771:Safaitic 757:Hasaitic 750:Dumaitic 670:Akkadian 625:Branches 478:Fox 2009 466:Fox 2009 418:Fox 2009 328:See also 269:Hertevin 181:boht1238 125:Hertevin 4249:Uruguay 4242:Detroit 4197:Lebanon 4177:Germany 4172:Georgia 4162:Finland 4152:Belgium 4142:Armenia 4090:Hakkari 3944:(2014–) 3938:(2003–) 3926:(1919–) 3896:(1840s) 3726:Osroene 3648:Assyria 3636:related 3630:History 3615:Cuisine 3587:Culture 3528:Aramaic 3515:(1968–) 3509:(1692–) 3503:(1552–) 3484:(1940–) 3478:(1870–) 3472:(1662–) 3280:Italics 3222:Turkmen 3217:Turkish 3171:Kipchak 3136:Western 3131:Eastern 3105:Russian 3070:Persian 3053:Kurdish 3045:Iranian 2880:Chechen 2874:Arshtin 2868:Vainakh 2841:Tsakhur 2751:Kubachi 2685:Botlikh 2671:Akhvakh 2570:(areal) 2297:Thoma I 1818:extinct 1814:Italics 1759:Minaean 1684:Endegen 1633:N-group 1594:Inneqor 1569:Argobba 1564:Amharic 1520:Dahalik 1492:Western 1483:Soqotri 1463:Ḥarsusi 1458:Baṭḥari 1449:Arabian 1374:Amorite 1340:Moabite 1291:Edomite 1256:Armazic 1236:Western 1212:Central 1157:Barzani 1083:eastern 1072:Aramaic 986:Western 970:Mandaic 948:Eastern 900:Aramaic 863:Maltese 764:Hismaic 697:Central 686:Eblaite 642:Central 334:Assyria 311:/ and / 297:Kurdish 238:Ağstafa 230:Georgia 226:Rustavi 224:, near 212:in the 123:Bohtan– 109:Aramaic 99:Semitic 49:Georgia 4306:Sutoro 4227:Sweden 4222:Russia 4202:Mexico 4192:Jordan 4187:Israel 4182:Greece 4167:France 4157:Canada 4110:Mardin 4100:Elazığ 4085:Turkey 4078:Khabur 4039:Salmas 4012:Ankawa 3995:Alqosh 3932:(1933) 3914:(1909) 3902:(1895) 3813:(630s) 3807:(630s) 3572:Mlaḥsô 3567:Senaya 3552:Turoyo 3532:Syriac 3466:(518–) 3445:Syriac 3257:Bohtan 3235:Others 3162:Turkic 3143:German 3119:Others 3097:Slavic 3075:Talysh 2997:Adyghe 2985:Abkhaz 2975:Abazgi 2939:Others 2926:Hinukh 2917:Hunzib 2913:Bezhta 2904:Tsezic 2892:Ingush 2814:Budukh 2785:Lezgin 2773:Samur 2761:Lezgic 2746:Kaitag 2741:Itsari 2729:Dargwa 2724:Chirag 2716:Dargin 2699:Karata 2408:Syriac 2403:Turoyo 2393:Senaya 2388:Mlaḥsô 2188:(2017) 2182:(1961) 2176:(1852) 2152:(1701) 2131:(1772) 2125:(1912) 2119:(1665) 2071:Kerala 2041:(1940) 2035:(1870) 2011:(1968) 2005:(1552) 1907:(1662) 1792:Sabaic 1786:Razihi 1690:Mesqan 1664:Mesmes 1613:Harari 1600:Wolane 1597:Ulbare 1590:Siltʼe 1550:versal 1548:Trans- 1478:Shehri 1468:Hobyot 1447:Modern 1418:Sutean 1366:Others 1332:Modern 1297:Hebrew 1249:Others 1224:Turoyo 1218:Mlaḥsô 1205:Others 1150:Jewish 1123:Senaya 1103:Bohtan 1098:Barwar 1081:North- 1057:Siryon 1051:Syrian 975:Syriac 706:Arabic 558:  504:  364:Turoyo 319:Status 258:Russia 250:Krymsk 246:Moscow 234:Göygöl 210:Bohtan 59:Krymsk 55:Region 45:Russia 34:Sôreth 4051:Syria 4034:Urmia 4022:Zakho 3204:Oghuz 3189:Nogai 3184:Kumyk 3034:Indo- 3010:Ubykh 2980:Abaza 2836:Rutul 2819:Kryts 2780:Aghul 2769:Archi 2734:Kadar 2680:Tindi 2661:Andic 2579:South 2242:Maron 2075:India 1950:(the 1926:(512) 1901:(685) 1746:Faifi 1713:Gyeto 1707:Gumer 1700:Chaha 1670:Muher 1647:Soddo 1641:Gafat 1626:Outer 1541:South 1525:Tigre 1515:Geʽez 1508:North 1473:Mehri 1437:South 1354:Punic 1192:Zakho 1128:Suret 647:South 4029:Iran 3980:Iraq 3776:1552 3194:Urum 2930:Tsez 2885:Aukh 2863:Bats 2855:Nakh 2706:Avar 2666:Andi 2632:Svan 2060:the 1984:1552 1962:1552 1943:the 1880:the 1710:Gura 1704:Ezha 1680:Inor 1070:Neo- 660:East 637:West 632:East 556:ISBN 502:ISBN 252:and 236:and 29:ܣܘܪܬ 3772:410 3080:Tat 2951:Lak 2824:Jek 2795:Udi 2618:Laz 2613:Zan 2069:in 1958:410 1606:Zay 395:at 240:in 228:in 189:ELP 165:bhn 4355:: 2073:, 530:. 299:. 287:, 275:. 256:, 248:, 232:, 65:, 61:, 47:, 3778:) 3774:- 3770:( 3530:/ 3351:e 3344:t 3337:v 2928:– 2919:– 2915:– 2687:– 2678:– 2547:e 2540:t 2533:v 2167:) 2163:( 2143:) 2056:, 2026:) 2022:( 1986:) 1982:( 1964:) 1960:– 1956:( 1954:) 1860:e 1853:t 1846:v 1451:) 610:e 603:t 596:v 564:. 546:. 508:. 500:. 480:. 313:x 309:ħ

Index

Russia
Georgia
Krymsk
Novopavlovsk
Kvemo Kartli
Language family
Afro-Asiatic
Semitic
Central Semitic
Aramaic
Eastern Aramaic
Northeastern
Hertevin
ISO 639-3
bhn
Glottolog
boht1238
ELP
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
Northeastern Neo-Aramaic
Bohtan
Ottoman Empire
Assyrian genocide
Gardabani
Rustavi
Georgia
Göygöl
Ağstafa
Azerbaijan
Moscow

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