1030:
of the anti- colonialist, anti-imperialist struggle... During the years of World War II, Triki had been a member of the nationalist movement in
Tunisia. After the Allied victory in El Alamein, Triki escaped to Nazi-controlled territory where he disseminated propaganda against the Allies, collaborating with the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin El-Husseini, who at the time was directing Nazi propaganda broadcasts in the Middle East.
1205:
498:
607:
576:
568:
615:
1029:
Throughout the 1960s, Tacuara drew additional inspiration for its antiSemitic and anti-Israel views from contacts both with neo-Nazi organizations in other countries and
Hussein Triki, the Arab League's representative in Buenos Aires, who promoted anti-Semitism under cover of anti-Zionism and as part
362:
movement after the tumultuous period during World War II. Then
Bourguiba was imprisoned and after the war in Egypt, while Ben Salih was the local, hands-on party leader. A significant break within the party ranks occurred in the final year of the independence struggle. In April, 1955, Salah ben Yusuf
345:
The Neo-Destour Party was one of the Arab factions that the Nazi
Germans hoped to win over to the Axis side . As majority of its leaders imprisoned by the French, Eitel Friedrich Moellhausen, Rahn's deputy, argued that the Arabs could be incited to action “against Jews and Anglo-Saxons” through the
402:(PSD in its French acronym) in 1964, to signal the government's commitment to a socialist phase of political-economic development. This phase failed to fulfill expectations, however, and was discontinued in 1969 with the dismissal of Ahmad ben Salah as economics minister by President Bourguiba.
330:'s fascist government in Rome. There the leaders were treated with deference, the fascists hoping to gain support for the Axis. Bourguiba steadily refused to cooperate. But Hussein Triki worked with the Nazis under Neo-Destour. After allies' advance, victory in
413:(RCD). The RCD continued as the Tunisian ruling party under President Ben Ali, who became increasingly corrupt and dictatorial. Early in 2011, he was forced out of office and his regime and the ruling party abolished, as a result of the liberal
306:. The younger group, many from the provinces, seemed more in tune with a wider spectrum of the country-wide Tunisian people, while the party elders represented a more established constituency in the capital city of
386:
Independence of
Tunisia from France was negotiated largely by the Neo Destour's Bourguiba. The effective date was March 20, 1956. The next year the Republic of Tunisia was constituted, which replaced the
770:
851:
318:
At the outbreak of war in 1939, Neo-Destour leaders, though still untried, were deported to France. However, they were released by the Nazis in 1942 following the German occupation of
1190:
379:
in
Bourguiba's camp. The Neo Destour party expelled Ben Yusuf that October; in November 1955 he mounted a large street demonstration but to no avail. Ben Yusuf then left for
1618:
731:
1613:
1628:
1214:
302:
Prior to the split, a younger group of
Destour members had alarmed the party elders by appealing directly to the populace through their more radical newspaper
391:
form of government. The Neo
Destour became the ruling party under Prime Minister and later President Habib Bourguiba. In 1963, the Neo Destour was proclaimed
1577:
543:
1608:
1386:
1183:
1168:
1603:
1414:
1534:
1429:
1633:
1244:
1052:
1021:
994:
715:
688:
1199:
241:
181:
1552:
1176:
310:; yet both groups were proponents of change, either autonomy or independence. The rupture came at the Destour party congress of 1934.
732:
https://directinfo.webmanagercenter.com/2016/06/25/monastir-musee-dar-ayed-a-ksar-hellal-connaitra-bientot-des-travaux-de-renovation/
375:
political line, disputed
Bourguiba's more liberal, secular, pro-Western approach. The party's labor leader Ahmad Ben Salah kept the
338:, a North African Arabic organization working for the Nazis' war machine against the allies and has collaborated with Hitler's ally
958:
1528:
1367:
656:
410:
1558:
1477:
1457:
587:
477:
1232:
1444:
1323:
145:
1623:
1238:
1522:
1391:
1363:
650:
399:
260:
126:
984:
1472:
1462:
1419:
1381:
1376:
359:
1011:
1546:
1516:
1424:
1404:
1353:
1343:
1333:
406:
279:
of March 2. Several leaders were particularly prominent during the party's early years before World War II:
395:
in
Tunisia, though for all intents and purposes the country had been a one-party state since independence.
1439:
1434:
1359:
137:
1467:
1293:
1226:
259:, Neo Destour became the ruling party upon Tunisian independence in 1956. In 1964, it was renamed the
1399:
1318:
276:
245:
237:
186:
150:
91:
1582:
1409:
414:
339:
176:
1452:
1348:
1283:
887:
879:
806:
798:
380:
1540:
1288:
1048:
1042:
1017:
990:
871:
790:
711:
705:
684:
678:
434:
368:
296:
284:
66:
1278:
863:
782:
327:
162:
1572:
1498:
1338:
1303:
1250:
548:
482:
440:
392:
280:
256:
236:
founded in 1934 in Dar Ayed, the house of independence activist Ahmed Ayed, by a group of
233:
218:
202:
71:
1597:
1482:
891:
810:
633:
418:
350:, without the Germans having to provide specific assurances concerning independence.
1308:
1298:
388:
323:
319:
1328:
422:
292:
166:
154:
288:
158:
875:
794:
347:
931:
17:
372:
364:
363:
openly challenged Habib Bourguiba over his gradualist tactics during his
1044:
Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine
367:
negotiations with the French. Also Ben Yusuf, who cultivated support at
1504:
1313:
1273:
1204:
883:
802:
645:
272:
249:
230:
116:
1013:
Argentina, Israel, and the Jews: Perón, the Eichmann Capture and After
707:
Modern Middle East Authoritarianism: Roots, Ramifications, and Crisis
867:
786:
680:
The Origins of Secular Institutions: Ideas, Timing, and Organization
919:
The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980
757:
The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980
307:
271:
The party was formed as a result of a split from the pre-existing
742:
The Destour Party had been founded in 1920. Kenneth J. Perkins,
421:, which had spread to other Arab countries, became known as the
376:
1172:
771:"The Neo-Destour Party of Tunisia: A Structure for Democracy?"
1084:(Reading: Uthaca Press 2013) pp. 430-431, 451-453 (Ben Salah)
704:
Jebnoun, Noureddine; Kia, Mehrdad; Kirk, Mimi (2013-07-31).
1119:
Jean R. Tartter, "Government and Politics" at 234-238, in
959:"Arab Propagandist, Ousted by Argentina, Now in Venezuela"
852:"Neo-Destour Leadership and the "Confiscated Revolution""
1041:
Mallmann, Klaus-Michael; Cüppers, Martin (2013-10-18).
730:
Dar Ayed Museum in Ksar Hellal will soon be renovated:
989:. Jewish Publication Society of America. p. 255.
986:
The Jews of Argentina: From the Inquisition to Perón
211:
1491:
1266:
1213:
1097:(Prentice Hall 1964) pp. 114-116, 121-123, 140-143.
840:
edited by Harold D. Nelson (Washington, D.C. 1987).
144:
132:
122:
112:
97:
78:
62:
50:
32:
1071:(Cambridge University 2004) pp. 116-118, 126-129.
836:Robert Rinehart, "Historical Setting" at 42, in
1184:
1016:. University Press of Maryland. p. 402.
759:(Princeton University 1986) pp. 162-167, 171.
409:, the party was again renamed, to become the
398:Later, the Neo Destour party was renamed the
8:
54:
38:
983:Weisbrot, Robert; Murciano, Robert (1979).
1191:
1177:
1169:
827:(Cambridge University 2004) pp. 95-96, 98.
334:he escaped to Europe, there he worked for
29:
1387:Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties
921:(Princeton University 1986) pp. 163, 167.
411:Rassemblement Constitutionel Démocratique
1619:Political parties disestablished in 1964
932:"Tunisia - The protectorate (1881–1956)"
683:. Oxford University Press. p. 187.
513:
456:
1110:(Cambridge University 2004) at 146-147.
669:
417:. Similar subsequent events of popular
953:
951:
1614:Political parties established in 1934
223:Nouveau Parti libéral constitutionnel
56:Nouveau Parti libéral constitutionnel
7:
1629:Defunct political parties in Tunisia
27:1934–1964 political party in Tunisia
358:Eventually the Neo Destour led the
213:el-Ḥizb el-Ḥurr ed-Dustūrī el-Jadīd
206:
39:
1245:Democratic Patriots' Unified Party
1149:(Cambridge University 2004) p.185.
746:(Cambridge University 2004) p. 79.
25:
1609:1964 disestablishments in Tunisia
1203:
613:
606:
605:
575:
574:
567:
566:
496:
393:the only legally permitted party
383:'s Egypt where he was welcomed.
199:New Constitutional Liberal Party
35:New Constitutional Liberal Party
1529:Democratic Constitutional Rally
1160:Tunisia since the Arab Conquest
1134:Tunisia since the Arab Conquest
1082:Tunisia since the Arab Conquest
908:(Prentice Hall 1964) pp. 62-63.
657:Democratic Constitutional Rally
1604:1934 establishments in Tunisia
1559:National Destourian Initiative
1478:Voice of the People of Tunisia
614:
1:
1415:Justice and Development Party
1358:Democratic and Social Union (
1047:. Enigma Books. p. 181.
769:Moore, Clement Henry (1962).
510:Chamber of Deputies elections
326:then handed them over to the
1634:Parties of one-party systems
1535:Progressive Democratic Party
1430:National Front for Salvation
1200:Political parties in Tunisia
850:Ashford, Douglas E. (1965).
677:Bulutgil, H. Zeynep (2022).
377:Tunisian General Labor Union
346:release of the prisoners in
1147:A History of Modern Tunisia
1108:A History of Modern Tunisia
1069:A History of Modern Tunisia
825:A History of Modern Tunisia
744:A History of Modern Tunisia
212:
1650:
1523:Socialist Destourian Party
1396:Expatriate Tunisians' Call
1373:Socialist Destourian Party
1162:(Ithaca 2013) pp. 544-545.
1136:(Ithaca 2013) pp. 139-141.
710:. Routledge. p. 107.
651:Socialist Destourian Party
400:Socialist Destourian Party
275:party in 1934, during the
261:Socialist Destourian Party
225:), most commonly known as
207:الحزب الحر الدستوري الجديد
127:Socialist Destourian Party
1578:List of political parties
1568:
1553:Democratic Alliance Party
1473:Unionist Democratic Union
1420:Maghrebi Republican Party
1382:Congress for the Republic
1324:Republican People's Union
1123:(Washington, D. C. 1987).
963:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
621:Supermajority government
582:Supermajority government
547:
405:In 1988, under President
172:
101:22 October 1964
1405:Green Party for Progress
1121:Tunisia. A Country Study
838:Tunisia. A Country Study
41:حزب الحر الدستوري الجديد
1095:Morocco Algeria Tunisia
936:Encyclopedia Britannica
906:Morocco Algeria Tunisia
240:politicians during the
1440:Popular Unity Movement
1256:Independent lists (52)
453:Presidential elections
82:2 March 1934
55:
1468:Tunisian Pirate Party
1294:Free Destourian Party
1239:Voice of the Republic
1227:25th of July Movement
1010:Rein, Raanan (2002).
360:Tunisian independence
244:. It originated from
1458:Social Liberal Party
1400:Free Patriotic Union
1344:Farmers' Voice Party
1319:Tunisian Alternative
277:Ksar Hellal Congress
238:Tunisian nationalist
151:Tunisian nationalism
92:Ksar Hellal Congress
1583:Politics of Tunisia
1445:Popular Unity Party
1410:Green Tunisia Party
415:Tunisian Revolution
304:L'Action Tunisienne
242:French protectorate
177:Politics of Tunisia
138:L'Action Tunisienne
1624:Destourian parties
1453:Reform Front Party
1284:Democratic Current
1259:Unfilled seats (7)
904:Richard M. Brace,
340:Mufti of Palestine
1591:
1590:
1541:Ettajdid Movement
1299:Long Live Tunisia
1289:Dignity Coalition
1233:People's Movement
1054:978-1-929631-93-3
1023:978-1-883053-72-7
996:978-0-8276-0114-7
717:978-1-135-00731-7
690:978-0-19-759844-3
625:
624:
507:
506:
448:Electoral history
435:Mahmoud El Materi
369:al-Zaytuna Mosque
297:Salah ben Youssef
285:Mahmoud El Materi
195:
194:
182:Political parties
123:Succeeded by
67:Mahmoud El Materi
63:Former presidents
16:(Redirected from
1641:
1392:Democratic Party
1279:Heart of Tunisia
1208:
1207:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1150:
1143:
1137:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1007:
1001:
1000:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
955:
946:
945:
943:
942:
928:
922:
915:
909:
902:
896:
895:
847:
841:
834:
828:
821:
815:
814:
766:
760:
753:
747:
740:
734:
728:
722:
721:
701:
695:
694:
674:
617:
616:
609:
608:
601:
578:
577:
570:
569:
562:
514:
503:
500:
499:
463:Party candidate
457:
215:
208:
163:Arab nationalism
108:
106:
89:
87:
58:
44:
43:
30:
21:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1573:Politics Portal
1564:
1517:Communist Party
1499:Young Tunisians
1487:
1463:Socialist Party
1339:Current of Love
1304:Machrouu Tounes
1262:
1251:Tunisia Forward
1218:
1217:Representatives
1216:
1215:Assembly of the
1209:
1202:
1197:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1024:
1009:
1008:
1004:
997:
982:
981:
977:
968:
966:
957:
956:
949:
940:
938:
930:
929:
925:
917:Lisa Anderson,
916:
912:
903:
899:
868:10.2307/2009348
849:
848:
844:
835:
831:
822:
818:
787:10.2307/2009363
768:
767:
763:
755:Lisa Anderson,
754:
750:
741:
737:
729:
725:
718:
703:
702:
698:
691:
676:
675:
671:
666:
664:Reference notes
642:
630:
602:
599:
563:
560:
549:Habib Bourguiba
512:
501:
497:
483:Habib Bourguiba
455:
450:
441:Habib Bourguiba
431:
356:
316:
281:Habib Bourguiba
269:
257:Habib Bourguiba
234:political party
191:
165:
161:
157:
153:
113:Split from
104:
102:
90:
85:
83:
72:Habib Bourguiba
70:
46:
45:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1647:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1547:Al-Watan Party
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1449:Rad Al Iitibar
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1425:Movement Party
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1151:
1138:
1125:
1112:
1099:
1086:
1073:
1060:
1053:
1033:
1022:
1002:
995:
975:
947:
923:
910:
897:
862:(2): 215–231.
856:World Politics
842:
829:
816:
781:(3): 461–482.
775:World Politics
761:
748:
735:
723:
716:
696:
689:
668:
667:
665:
662:
661:
660:
654:
648:
641:
638:
637:
636:
629:
628:Notable people
626:
623:
622:
619:
611:
603:
598:
596:
593:
590:
584:
583:
580:
572:
564:
559:
557:
554:
551:
546:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
511:
508:
505:
504:
491:
488:
485:
480:
474:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
438:
430:
427:
355:
352:
315:
312:
268:
265:
193:
192:
190:
189:
184:
179:
173:
170:
169:
148:
142:
141:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
99:
95:
94:
80:
76:
75:
64:
60:
59:
52:
48:
47:
37:
34:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1646:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1483:Wafa Movement
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:Popular Front
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:Unrepresented
1265:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1219:of the People
1212:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:Jacob Abadi,
1077:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1003:
998:
992:
988:
987:
979:
976:
964:
960:
954:
952:
948:
937:
933:
927:
924:
920:
914:
911:
907:
901:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
846:
843:
839:
833:
830:
826:
820:
817:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
762:
758:
752:
749:
745:
739:
736:
733:
727:
724:
719:
713:
709:
708:
700:
697:
692:
686:
682:
681:
673:
670:
663:
658:
655:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
639:
635:
632:
631:
627:
620:
612:
604:
597:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
581:
573:
565:
558:
555:
552:
550:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
520:Party leader
519:
516:
515:
509:
495:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
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31:
19:
1510:
1435:Pirate Party
1334:Green League
1309:Nidaa Tounes
1159:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
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1043:
1036:
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985:
978:
967:. Retrieved
965:. 1977-03-08
962:
939:. Retrieved
935:
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679:
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320:Vichy France
317:
314:World War II
303:
301:
270:
254:
226:
222:
210:
198:
196:
136:
40:
1561:(2011–2019)
1555:(2012–2017)
1549:(2011–2013)
1543:(1993–2012)
1537:(1983–2012)
1531:(1988–2011)
1525:(1964–1988)
1519:(1934–1993)
1513:(1934–1964)
1511:Neo Destour
1507:(1920–1960)
1349:Aïch Tounsi
1329:Afek Tounes
443:(1938-1964)
437:(1934-1938)
423:Arab Spring
371:and took a
336:The Mahgreb
332:El Alamein,
293:Bahri Guiga
227:Neo Destour
167:Pan-Arabism
155:Bourguibism
74:(1938–1964)
69:(1934–1938)
51:French name
18:Neo-Destour
1598:Categories
969:2020-09-13
941:2020-09-13
634:Hédi Saidi
592:1,002,298
487:1,005,769
289:Tahar Sfar
159:Secularism
105:1964-10-22
86:1934-03-02
1145:Perkins,
1106:Perkins,
1067:Perkins,
892:153563466
876:1086-3338
823:Perkins,
811:153808889
795:1086-3338
535:Position
517:Election
460:Election
354:Post WWII
348:Marseille
328:Mussolini
248:with the
187:Elections
133:Newspaper
98:Dissolved
1501:(1907–?)
640:See also
553:597,763
389:Beylical
373:pan-Arab
365:autonomy
231:Tunisian
229:, was a
146:Ideology
1505:Destour
1492:Defunct
1377:Al Amal
1314:Errahma
1274:Ennahda
1158:Abadi,
1132:Abadi,
1093:Brace,
884:2009348
803:2009363
646:Destour
600:90 / 90
561:98 / 98
538:Result
494:Elected
472:Result
429:Leaders
407:Ben Ali
273:Destour
267:History
255:Led by
252:party.
250:Destour
246:a split
117:Destour
103: (
84: (
79:Founded
1051:
1020:
993:
890:
882:
874:
809:
801:
793:
714:
687:
595:99.7%
556:98.7%
529:Seats
523:Votes
466:Votes
381:Nasser
324:Hitler
295:, and
219:French
203:Arabic
888:S2CID
880:JSTOR
807:S2CID
799:JSTOR
659:(RCD)
653:(PSD)
490:100%
308:Tunis
1235:(12)
1229:(80)
1049:ISBN
1018:ISBN
991:ISBN
872:ISSN
791:ISSN
712:ISBN
685:ISBN
618:1st
588:1959
579:1st
544:1956
532:+/–
478:1959
197:The
1368:MDS
1360:VDS
1253:(1)
1247:(2)
1241:(7)
864:doi
783:doi
571:98
1600::
1364:PR
961:.
950:^
934:.
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610:8
526:%
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1370:)
1366:-
1362:-
1192:e
1185:t
1178:v
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1026:.
999:.
972:.
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894:.
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785::
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502:Y
201:(
107:)
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20:)
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