80:– from whom the claims of Templar continuity typically drew from. That year, Fabré-Palaprat proclaimed himself the Grand Master of the Templars, claiming to have discovered an unbroken line of Grand Masters that descended from de Molay to himself. Fabré-Palaprat died in 1838, resulting in a schism. Following Fabré-Palaprat's death, the British Admiral William Sidney-Smith, previously appointed by Fabré-Palaprat to be the Grand Prior for England, was chosen as a Grand Master by the two schismatic wings of the order, attempting to merge, but this did not last and both branches split for good.
177:
In the mid to late 90s, many groups tried to "reduce the number of acronyms" and reconcile the differences between the many groups, including the split between OSMTJ and OSMTH. These reconciliation attempts failed for a variety of reasons and new schisms emerged in the meantime, though there did come
165:
Masonic groups latched on to the idea of having heritage of the
Knights Templars as a way to back up the idea of an ancient heritage. Neo-Templar organizations were active in France and Switzerland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During this period, political conservatives and fascists
576:
Massimo
Introvigne claimed Raymond Bernard asked Julien Origas (1920-1983) to establish an OSTI chapter in 1971, that remained largely dormant until it was revived by Bernard in 1988. In Massimo Introvigne, "The Magic of Death: The Suicides of the Solar Temple" in, Catherine Lowman Wessinger
142:
to join ORT. As of 1980, there were over 100 rival
Templar orders, which incorporated a variety of different practices. Jean-Louis Marsan later became the grand master of the OSTS; Marsan and Origas were both affiliated with Breyer's revival movement.
36:, or the Order of the Temple, several groups have claimed to have unbroken descent from the initial Order. The idea of the Templars' continued existence has been criticized by scholars of Templar history, and was described by French historian
154:(CIRCES International), with CIRCES being created by Raymond Bernard in 1988. Raymond Bernard describes his initiation into the OSTI in 1955, and the mission he was charged with for bringing OSTI public, in his 1966 book entitled
158:. Raymond Bernard created CIRCES International as an outward Templar vehicle to eventually prepare people for initiation into the inner Order of the OSTI. CIRCES International also continues to protect and perpetuate
118:– began a rebirth of activity of neo-Templar groups in France (the 'Arginy Renaissance'). This led to the founding of the Sovereign Order of the Solar Temple (OSTS). In 1968, Breyer and the former grandmaster of
61:
following accusations of witchcraft and heresy at the beginning of the fourteenth century. In 1310, fifty-four
Templar knights were burned at the stake, and four years later the Grand Master
241:
881:
178:
the success of one agreement between OSMTJ and OIMT. These schisms were additionally influenced by the desire of many neo-Templar groups to distance themselves from the
214:
Some members of the OSMTH, the Ordo
Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani, claim to be the direct descendants of the original Knights Templar, citing the
186:, was a member of many other neo-Templar groups, including the OSMTJ, and the OTS had been founded out of some of the members of AMORC and ORT.
182:, a neo-Templar splinter group that became notorious in the 1990s for several mass suicides and murders. The leader and founder of the group,
1124:
1091:
1034:
1015:
958:
895:
867:
818:
793:
764:
1002:
Mollier, Pierre (2005). "Neo-Templar
Traditions". In Hanegraaff, Wouter J.; Faivre, Antoine; Broek, R. van den; Brach, Jean-Pierre (eds.).
221:
The idea of the
Templars' continued existence has been criticized by scholars of Templar history, and was described by French historian
345:
778:(2020). "The Solar Temple in Quebec and the Saint-Casimir "Transit"". In Palmer, Susan J.; Geoffroy, Martin; Gareau, Paul L. (eds.).
841:
235:
73:
1049:
943:(2004). "The Solar Temple "Transits": Beyond the Millennialist Hypothesis". In Lewis, James R.; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (eds.).
779:
757:
Imperialistic
Politics In Cameroun: Resistance & The Inception of The Restoration of the Statehood of Southern Cameroons
123:
1143:
944:
854:(2005). "Fabré-Palaprat". In Hanegraaff, Wouter J.; Faivre, Antoine; Broek, R. van den; Brach, Jean-Pierre (eds.).
324:
302:
179:
665:
Asprem, Egil (2011). "The Birth of
Counterjihadist Terrorism: Reflections on some Unspoken Dimensions of 22/7".
1148:
940:
877:
289:
Ordo
Internationalis Militiae Templi Confederationis (OIMT), federation of neo-Templars founded in Rome in 1979
950:
69:, or the Order of the Temple, several groups have claimed to have unbroken descent from the initial Order.
968:
84:
127:
1108:
917:
258:
971:(April 1999). ""Our Terrestrial Journey is Coming to an End": The Last Voyage of the Solar Temple".
113:
929:
Bogdan, Henrik. "Death as Initiation: The Order of the Solar Temple and Rituals of Initiation". In
804:
318:
195:
108:
76:, a physician from Paris, in 1805. This was during the French Revolution, a period of upheaval for
41:
1115:. Historical dictionaries of religions, philosophies, and movements (2nd ed.). Lanham, Md.:
905:
887:
851:
785:
126:, established the Renewed Order of the Temple (ORT). The ORT's main headquarters were located in
88:
1120:
1087:
1066:
1030:
1011:
990:
954:
891:
863:
837:
829:
814:
789:
760:
682:
296:
222:
215:
72:
Most neo-Templar groups' origins can be traced to a revivalist Order of the Temple founded by
37:
1058:
1027:
Encyclopedia of New Religions: New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities
982:
674:
203:
183:
62:
194:
Neo-Templar groups exhibit a diverse array of beliefs, but most orders typically draw from
1116:
1044:
803:
Hall, John R.; Schuyler, Philip D. (2000). "The Mystical Apocalypse of the Solar Temple".
775:
328:
279:
268:
245:
66:
33:
806:
Apocalypse Observed: Religious Movements and Violence in North America, Europe, and Japan
255:
Ordo Supremus Militari Templi Hierosolymitani (OSMTH), sometimes also uses the name OSMTJ
306:
104:
58:
1137:
262:
131:
973:
292:
International Federative Alliance (IFA), federation of neo-Templars founded in 1989
1025:
O'Callaghan, Sean (2004). "Neo-Templar Orders". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.).
206:, or are merely ceremonial organizations only in existence for social purposes.
199:
171:
167:
1062:
781:
The Mystical Geography of Quebec: Catholic Schisms and New Religious Movements
77:
1070:
994:
686:
1083:
986:
810:
139:
238:, not to be confused with the original Ordre du Temple, the Knights Templar
17:
784:. Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities. Cham:
678:
166:
used these ideas and lodges to appeal to an "old order" and an idea of a
1078:
Zoccatelli, Pierluigi (2004). "Neo-Templarism". In Clarke, Peter (ed.).
91:, finally becoming legally incorporated by a Belgian group known as the
710:
708:
335:, OTS), notorious for the mass murder-suicides committed by its members
135:
759:. Bamenda: Langaa Research & Publishing Common Initiative Group.
83:
The Regency of the Order of the Temple was at one stage passed on to
1007:
859:
119:
65:
and a local leader were as well. Following the dissolution of the
87:, later becoming amalgamated among other occult groups headed by
218:
as proof; however, this document is suspected to be a forgery.
593:
591:
589:
587:
390:
388:
386:
384:
371:
369:
367:
365:
363:
361:
107:– following what he claimed was a mystical experience in the
612:
610:
608:
606:
627:
625:
449:
447:
579:
Millennialism, Persecution, and Violence: Historical Cases
162:
of Papus, which Josephin PĂ©ladan had been initiated into.
1047:(October 1996). "Purity and Danger in the Solar Temple".
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
152:
International Circle for Cultural and Scientific Research
908:. "Ordeal by Fire: The Tragedy of the Solar Temple". In
581:, page 142 (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2000).
548:
546:
407:
405:
403:
40:
as "totally insane." These orders typically draw from
275:, ORT), founded by Jacques Breyer and Raymond Bernard
422:
420:
250:
Ordre Souverain et Militaire du Temple de Jerusalem
242:
Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem
93:
Ordre Souverain et Militaire du Temple de JĂ©rusalem
57:The original Knights Templar had been dissolved by
883:The Order of the Solar Temple: The Temple of Death
1113:Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements
836:. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. p. 176; 384.
714:
295:An Ordre du Temple revival movement, founded by
828:Hodapp, Christopher; Von Kannon, Alice (2007).
699:
513:
1004:Dictionary of Gnosis & Western Esotericism
920:"Sources of Doctrine in the Solar Temple". In
856:Dictionary of Gnosis & Western Esotericism
981:(2). Translated by Siegler, Elijah: 172–196.
8:
597:
537:
375:
138:, was stationed. Origas led members of the
103:In 1952, the French esotericist and author
886:. Controversial New Religions. Aldershot:
830:"Part III: After the Fall of the Templars"
738:
726:
631:
616:
501:
489:
477:
465:
438:
394:
202:. Other orders incorporate ideas from the
261:(OTO), occultist organization founded by
564:
148:Sovereign Order of the Initiatory Temple
1080:Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements
652:
357:
525:
453:
930:
921:
909:
552:
426:
411:
317:, fascist secret society, founded by
278:Sovereign Order of the Solar Temple (
150:(OSTI), and its outer order known as
7:
346:Knights Templar in popular culture
25:
284:Ordre Souverain du Temple Solaire
229:List of neo-Templar organizations
32:Following the dissolution of the
27:Latter-day Knights Templar groups
1050:Journal of Contemporary Religion
1029:(1st ed.). Oxford: Lion.
1006:. Leiden ; Boston, Mass:
236:Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat
74:Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat
1:
267:Renewed Order of the Temple (
834:The Templar Code For Dummies
715:Hodapp & Von Kannon 2007
234:Ordre du Temple, founded by
946:Controversial New Religions
1165:
1111:(2012). "Neo-Templarism".
949:(1st ed.). New York:
755:Anyangwe, Carlson (2008).
130:, where its grand master,
1063:10.1080/13537909608580777
325:Order of the Solar Temple
303:Order of the New Templars
180:Order of the Solar Temple
134:, a former member of the
598:Hall & Schuyler 2000
538:Clusel & Palmer 2020
376:Clusel & Palmer 2020
156:A Secret Meeting In Rome
987:10.1525/nr.1999.2.2.172
951:Oxford University Press
333:Ordre du Temple solaire
174:common to the groups).
332:
310:
283:
273:Ordre rénové du Temple
272:
249:
146:An Order known as the
1109:Chryssides, George D.
918:Chryssides, George D.
679:10.1558/pome.v13i1.17
225:as "totally insane."
969:Mayer, Jean-François
809:. London; New York:
788:. pp. 217–245.
259:Ordo Templi Orientis
53:19th-century revival
906:Introvigne, Massimo
852:Introvigne, Massimo
717:, p. 176, 384.
456:, pp. 137–138.
319:Lanz von Liebenfels
196:western esotericism
170:(through ideals of
42:western esotericism
1144:Self-styled orders
858:. Leiden; Boston:
786:Palgrave Macmillan
160:L'Ordre Martiniste
99:Arginy Renaissance
1126:978-0-8108-6194-7
1093:978-1-134-49970-0
1036:978-0-7459-5073-0
1017:978-90-04-14371-5
960:978-0-19-515682-9
897:978-0-7546-5285-4
869:978-90-04-14371-5
820:978-0-203-97766-8
795:978-3-030-33061-3
774:Clusel, Shannon;
766:978-9956-558-50-6
504:, pp. 22–23.
397:, pp. 19–20.
216:Larmenius Charter
16:(Redirected from
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1045:Palmer, Susan J.
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63:Jacques de Molay
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1057:(3): 303–318.
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880:, ed. (2006).
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692:
657:
655:, p. 853.
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619:, p. 439.
602:
600:, p. 124.
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557:
555:, p. 176.
542:
540:, p. 220.
530:
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518:
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59:Pope Clement V
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38:RĂ©gine Pernoud
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748:
741:, p. 26.
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974:Nova Religio
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910:Lewis (2006)
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653:Mollier 2005
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314:
299:in his youth
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71:
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31:
29:
667:Pomegranate
526:Palmer 1996
454:Bogdan 2006
297:René Guénon
200:freemasonry
172:aristocracy
168:master race
112: [
18:Neo-Templar
1138:Categories
577:(editor),
553:Mayer 1999
427:Lewis 2006
412:Lewis 2004
352:References
321:in Germany
78:Freemasons
1084:Routledge
1071:1353-7903
995:1092-6690
811:Routledge
687:1743-1735
673:(1): 30.
140:far-right
95:, OSMTJ.
340:See also
252:, OSMTJ)
210:Accuracy
888:Ashgate
749:Sources
286:, OSTS)
190:Beliefs
136:Gestapo
48:History
1123:
1090:
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329:French
280:French
269:French
246:French
198:, and
1008:BRILL
860:BRILL
313:, ONT
307:Latin
120:AMORC
116:]
89:Papus
1121:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1067:ISSN
1031:ISBN
1012:ISBN
991:ISSN
955:ISBN
892:ISBN
864:ISBN
838:ISBN
815:ISBN
790:ISBN
761:ISBN
683:ISSN
128:Auty
1059:doi
983:doi
675:doi
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989:.
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