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3069:(form), puts forth activities of a higher orderâknowledge and volition. Through his senses he perceives concrete objects, e.g. this oak; through his intellect he knows the abstract and universal (the oak). All our intellectual activity rests on sensory function; but through the active intellect (intellectus agens) an abstract representation of the sensible object is provided for the intellectual possibility. Hence the characteristic of the idea, its non-materiality, and on this is based the principal argument for the spirituality and
3062:
its decayed trunk other substances will come forth (substantial change). The theory of matter and form is simply an interpretation of the substantial changes which bodies undergo. The union of matter and form constitutes the essence of concrete being, and this essence is endowed with existence. Throughout all change and becoming there runs a rhythm of finality; the activities of the countless substances of the universe converge towards an end which is known to God; finality involves optimism.
3206:, in which he unequivocally condemned the agnosticism, immanentism, and relativism of Modernism as the 'synthesis of all heresies'. The anti-Modernist oath of 1910 was very important; this remained in force until 1966. In 1914, Pius X issued a list of 24 philosophical propositions summarising the central tenets of neo-scholasticism to be taught in all colleges as fundamental elements of philosophy; and in 1916, these 24 propositions were confirmed as normative. In 1917, the Church's new
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3459:, as basic course literature. By reading this book thoroughly and critically, the disciples learned to appreciate the theories of the auctor and, thus, of the problems studied in the whole discipline, in a critical and self-confident way. Scholastic works therefore have a tendency to take the form of a long list of "footnotes" to the works studied, not being able to take a stand as theories on their own.
2887:, when he condemned it as âthe sum of all heresiesâ. However, the most consistent threads of Modernist thought include: (1) the belief that revelation continues up to the present day and did not stop after the apostles; (2) the belief that dogmas are not immutable, and their formulas could change both in interpretation and content; (3) the use of the historical-critical method in biblical exegesis.
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3046:-tree for instance, other realities (accidents) are addedâsize, form, roughness, and so on. All oak-trees are identical in respect of certain constituent elements. Considering this likeness and even identity, our human intelligence groups them into one species and again, in view of their common characteristics, it ranges various species under one genus. Such is the Aristotelean solution of the
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3027:"Neo-Scholasticism is characterized by systematic investigation, analytical rigor, clear terminology, and argumentation that proceeds from first principles, chief among them that objective truth is both real and knowable." Neo-scholasticism sought to restore the fundamental doctrines embodied in the scholasticism of the 13th century, which may be summarized as follows:
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2918:(1833â93), Satolli (1839â1909), Liberatore (1810â92), Barberis (1847â96), Schiffini (1841â1906), de Maria, Talamo, Lorenzelli, Ballerini, Mattiussi and others. The Italian writers at first laid special emphasis on the metaphysics of Scholasticism, and less on the empirical sciences or the history of philosophy.
3061:
and potency. Whatsoever changes is, just for that reason, limited. The oak-tree passes through a process of growth, of becoming: whatever is actually in it now was potentially in it from the beginning. Its vital functions go on unceasingly (accidental change); but the tree itself will die, and out of
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Thomistic scholasticism has been continuous since the time of
Aquinas: "Thomism was always alive in the Dominican Order, small as it was after the ravages of the Reformation, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic occupation. Repeated legislation of the General Chapters, beginning after the death
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For many thinkers, the dangers of
Modernism could only be overcome by a complete restoration of scholastic theology which culminated in Aquinas. His writings were increasingly viewed as the ultimate expression of orthodox philosophy and theology, to which all Catholic thought must remain faithful.
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Natural happiness would result from the full development of our powers of knowing and loving. We should find and possess God in this world since the corporeal world is the proper object of our intelligence. But above nature is the order of grace and our supernatural happiness will consist in the
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took place during the 16th and 17th centuries and enriched
Scholastic literature with many eminent contributions, in addition to adapting scholastic thought to modern problems and synthesizing the currents of thought of various authors of medieval scholasticism, such as Thomism, Scotism or
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of St. Thomas, as well as the
Constitutions of the Order, required all Dominicans to teach the doctrine of St. Thomas both in philosophy and in theology." A further idea of the longstanding historic continuity of Dominican scholasticism and neo-scholasticism may be derived from the
3299:(1950â1990), Abelardo Lobato (1925â2012), Leo Elders (1926â2019), and Enrico Berti (1935â2022), among others. Due to its suspicion of attempts to harmonize Aquinas with non-Thomistic categories and assumptions, neo-scholastic Thomism has sometimes been called
3258:
investigated alternative interpretations of
Aquinas from the 1920s until the 1950s. Gilson and Maritain in particular taught and lectured throughout Europe and North America, influencing a generation of English-speaking Catholic philosophers.
2902:(1811â83), who taught at Rome, argued that post-Cartesian philosophy undermined Catholic theology, and that its remedy was the Aristotelian scientific method of Aquinas. From 1874 to 1891, the Accademia di San Tommaso published the review
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3214:) insisted that the doctrine, methods, and principles of Thomas should be used in teaching philosophy and theology. Thomist thought therefore became the basis of the manuals and textbooks in Catholic colleges and seminaries before
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and absolute perfection, substantially distinct from every finite thing. He alone can create and preserve all beings other than
Himself. His infinite knowledge includes all that was, is, or shall be, and all that is possible.
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The movement spread outside Italy, finding supporters in
Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, England, Switzerland, France, Hungary, the United States, Argentina, Mexico, Brazil and Australia. At
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3634:(1823â95), and the authors of the "Philosophia Lacensis" published at Maria Laach by the Jesuits (Pesch, Hontheim, Cathrein), Gutberlet, Commer, Willmann, Kaufmann, Glossner, Grabmann and Schneid.
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in the 15th and 16th centuries, after which time it came to be viewed by some as rigid and formalistic. "Scholastic philosophy did not, however, completely disappear. An important movement of
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of 4 August 1879, which set out and strongly endorsed the principles of neo-scholasticism, calling for "Christian philosophy to be restored according to the spirit of St Thomas".
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Historical investigation into Thomas's thought led some to believe that neo-Thomism did not always reflect the thought of Thomas
Aquinas himself, as argued by writers such as
3092:, and thanks to this liberty man is the master of his destiny. Like all other beings, we have an end to attain and we are morally obliged, though not compelled, to attain it.
3553:
Previous critical editions of Thomasâs work had been published before, at Parma in 1852-73, and in Paris in 1871-80, but the
Leonine edition, produced under the guidance of
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The thought of Thomas
Aquinas gained papal ascendency over all other âmodernâ systems of thought. In particular, the Aristotelianism of Thomas preferred to the thought of
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2883:, whose principles were perceived to conflict with Christian dogma. Theological Modernism never coalesced into an authoritative doctrine; perhaps it was most clearly
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2. As to our knowledge of the material world: whatever exists is itself, an incommunicable, individual substance. To the core of self-sustaining reality, in the
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2855:(1548â1617) were profound thinkers, worthy of the great masters whose principles they had adopted." Moreover, as J. A. Weisheipl emphasizes, within the
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In the early 20th century, neo-Thomism became official Catholic doctrine, and became increasingly defined in opposition to Modernism.
4178:
3405:"The Dominican Friars of the Province of St. Albert the Great » "The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey" (James Weisheipl)"
3117:, and ordered the publication of the critical "Leonine Edition", of Aquinas' complete works. The pope expanded Thomist studies in the
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Many Thomists, however, continue in the neo-scholastic tradition. Some relatively recent proponents are treated in Battista Mondin's
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This way of approaching Thomas was itself scholastic in inspiration. The scholastics used a book by a renowned scholar, called
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In the mid-19th century, interest in scholastic thought began once again to flourish, in large part in reaction against the
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have defended a contemporary revival of traditional neo-scholastic Thomistic metaphysics in response to modern philosophy.
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of the soul. Here, too, is the foundation of logic and of the theory of knowledge, the justification of our judgments and
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Such as Coppens, Poland, Brother Chrysostom, and the professors at the Catholic University (Shanahan, Turner, and Pace).
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3601:, loc. cit., 1901 declared neo-Thomism the rival of Kantism, and the conflict between them the "clash of two worlds".
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This was particularly vigorous at first in Italy. "The direct initiator of the neo-Scholastic movement in Italy was
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became the standard accepted method of philosophy and theology. The Scholastic method declined with the advent of
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Upon knowledge follows the appetitive process, sensory or intellectual according to the sort of knowledge. The
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But this static conception requires as its complement a moderate dynamism, supplied by the central concepts of
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Online Resources for the study of early-modern scholasticism (1500â1800): authors, sources, institutions
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to teach the doctrine of Aquinas together with history and the natural sciences. It was endorsed by four
2931:(1864) and the proclamation of papal infallibility (1870) all heralded a move away from Modernist ideas.
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in 1879 until the 1920s, neo-scholasticism gradually established itself as exclusive and all-pervading.
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3394:, "Chapter VIII: "Chapter VIII: Forerunners of the Neo-Scholastic Revival," Accessed 1 August 2013
2925:, who praised the movement in various letters. The dogma of the Immaculate Conception (1854), the
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3050:. Each substance is in its nature fixed and determined; and Scholasticism excludes a theory of
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5. v. "Scholastik" and others argued against underrating the value of scholastic doctrine.
3239:
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maintained the tradition of the manuals. Others varied in their interpretation, including
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2502:
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357:
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105:
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3200:, which condemned 65 Modernist propositions. Two months later, he issued the encyclical
3096:
direct intuition of God, the beatific vision. Here philosophy ends and theology begins.
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1687:
34:
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For example, Boutroux thought that Aristotle's system might well serve as an offset to
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in Belgium (then still a francophone university), Leo XIII in 1891 established the
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Nouvelle Théologie - New Theology: Inheritor of Modernism, Precursor of Vatican II
3815:
Nouvelle Théologie - New Theology: Inheritor of Modernism, Precursor of Vatican II
3542:
Nouvelle Théologie - New Theology: Inheritor of Modernism, Precursor of Vatican II
3514:
Nouvelle Théologie - New Theology: Inheritor of Modernism, Precursor of Vatican II
3444:
Nouvelle Théologie - New Theology: Inheritor of Modernism, Precursor of Vatican II
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3291:(2002), which treats Carlo Giacon (1900â1984), Sofia Vanni Rovighi (1908â1990),
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744:
699:
684:
619:
347:
212:
111:
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Battista Mondin's Metafisica di san Tommaso d'Aquino e i suoi interpreti (2002)
3785:
whose "Cours de philosophie" was translated into many major European languages.
2720:
1627:
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4504:
4244:
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list of people associated with the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas
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427:
332:
231:
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Such as Farges, Dormet de Vorges (1910), Vallet, Gardair, Fonsegrive and Piat
5168:
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3160:
3089:
3074:
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3051:
1874:
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969:
654:
387:
3631:
3242:(1875â1949), Amato Masnovo (1880â1955), Francesco Olgiati (1886â1962), and
914:
17:
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5090:
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2800:
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1963:
1953:
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Many philosophical and theological journals focus on neo-Scholasticism:
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1990:
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70:
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Such as Gonzalez (1831â92), Orti y Lara, UrrĂĄburu, and GĂłmez Izquierdo
3420:"The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey", James Weisheipl, 1962.
3054:
which would regard even the essences of things as products of change.
5147:
4754:
4071:(Ratisbon, since 1888); Bölcseleti-Folyóirat (Budapest, since 1886);
3594:
3456:
3179:: Paris (1891), Brussels (1895), Freiburg (1897), and Munich (1900).
3168:
2172:
2132:
2092:
88:
2999:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3929: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3278:, traditional neo-Thomist thought was opposed by exponents of this
4975:
4065:
Philosophisches Jahrbuch fĂŒr Philosophie und spekulative Theologie
2954:
153:
4118:
3961:
Nouvelle Theologie and Sacramental Ontology: A Return to Mystery
3802:
Nouvelle Theologie and Sacramental Ontology: A Return to Mystery
3066:
2898:(1811â1865), a canon at Naples." The influential German Jesuit
2202:
4451:
4122:
3470:
The Revival of Scholastic Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century
3392:
The Revival of Scholastic Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century
3043:
3031:
2964:
2795:
on the movement) is a revival and development of medieval
3526:
Iovino, James. "Can Neo-Scholasticism Make a Comeback?",
4007:
The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XXXI, 1906.
3793:
3791:
2988:
3832:"The fundamental tenets of scholasticism: old and new"
3289:
Metafisica di san Tommaso d'Aquino e i suoi interpreti
3472:, "Chapter IX: The Neo-Scholastic Revival in Italy",
3163:, were also seen as flawed in comparison to Thomism.
2810:
which began in the second half of the 19th century.
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4953:
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4700:
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4581:
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3599:Thomas von Aquino u. Kant, Ein Kampf zweier Welten
2791:because of the great influence of the writings of
4057:Revue des Sciences philosophiques et théologiques
3365:"The Thomistic tradition, Part I (archived copy)"
3563:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas,
3123:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas,
2921:Papal support for such trends began under Pope
3989:The Cambridge Dictionary of Christian Theology
3501:The Cambridge Dictionary of Christian Theology
4463:
4134:
3661:Such as de San (1832â1904), Dupont and Lepidi
3583:Aristote, Etudes d'histoire et de philosophie
3143:. Other âmodernâ forms of thought, including
2758:
1664:
1382:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
8:
3589:, âKant der Philosoph des Protestantismusâ,
3065:3. Man, a compound of body (matter) and of
4578:
4470:
4456:
4448:
4141:
4127:
4119:
3867:"GIACON, Carlo in "Dizionario Biografico""
3113:On October 15, 1879, Leo XIII created the
2765:
2751:
2020:
1682:
1671:
1657:
29:
4093:American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly
3892:"Edward Feser: A Neo-Scholastic revival?"
3015:Learn how and when to remove this message
4262:Pange lingua gloriosi corporis mysterium
3115:Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas
1592:List of institutions named after Aquinas
343:Pange lingua gloriosi corporis mysterium
3516:, (London: T&T Clark, 2010), p. 19.
3349:
3295:(1911â1995), Carlo Giacon (1900â1984),
1703:
1494:Enthroned Madonna and Child with Saints
50:
4407:The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas
3982:Twentieth-century Catholic theologians
3781:The Institute was placed in charge of
3431:Twentieth-century Catholic theologians
3218:, and was promoted also to the laity.
3104:In the period from the publication of
1520:The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas
4391:International Council of Universities
3817:, (London: T&T Clark, 2010), p25.
3544:, (London: T&T Clark, 2010), p20.
3446:, (London: T&T Clark, 2010), p20.
3371:from the original on 29 November 2010
7:
5272:Philosophical schools and traditions
4049:Revue néo-scolastique de Philosophie
4027:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3945:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3475:"Jacques Maritain Center: Revival 9"
3355:
3353:
2934:The most decisive impetus was Pope
4038:Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica
4179:Quaestiones Disputatae de Veritate
3975:After Aquinas: Versions of Thomism
3935:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
3907:"The Thomistic tradition (Part 1)"
3758:"Toongabbie's Thomist philosopher"
2906:. Numerous works were produced by
1443:The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas
298:Quaestiones Disputatae de Veritate
25:
4044:Annales de Philosophie Chrétienne
4017:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
3905:Feser, Edward (15 October 2009).
3615:RealencyklopÀdie f. Prot. Theol.
5234:
5222:
5116:Stratification of emotional life
4565:
4559:
4553:
4430:
4216:
4010:
3924:
3585:, (Paris, 1901, 202). Moreover,
2969:
2731:
2719:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1686:
1638:
1626:
1618:
1508:St Dominic and St Thomas Aquinas
58:
33:
5262:Christian theological movements
4399:Triumph of Saint Thomas Aquinas
4376:List of works by Thomas Aquinas
3998:, (London: T&T Clark, 2010)
3557:, professor of theology at the
3306:Anglophone theologians such as
1541:Triumph of Saint Thomas Aquinas
4344:Canonization of Thomas Aquinas
4004:"The Neo-Scholastic Movement,"
3222:Variation within the tradition
3183:Early-20th-century development
1448:The Oxford Handbook of Aquinas
1377:Canonization of Thomas Aquinas
1:
4110:Scholasticon by Jacob Schmutz
4059:(Kain, Belgium, since 1907);
3674:, Boedder (Stonyhurst Series)
3670:Clarke, Maher, John Rickaby,
3559:Collegium Divi Thomae de Urbe
3246:(1863â1948). Authors such as
3119:Collegium Divi Thomae de Urbe
2871:inspired by thinkers such as
3987:Kerr, Fergus, âThomismâ, in
3568:), superseded both of these.
3244:Antonin-Dalmace Sertillanges
2851:(1528â1599), and especially
2818:During the medieval period,
4708:Theological intellectualism
3804:, (Oxford: OUP, 2009), p18.
3499:Fergus Kerr, âThomismâ, in
3442:See JĂŒrgen Mettepenningen,
3132:in 1882 and its Faculty of
3128:), founding its Faculty of
2995:the claims made and adding
1597:Saint Thomas Aquinas Church
1527:The Vision of Fray Lauterio
1514:San Pietro Martire Triptych
5293:
5086:Principle of double effect
4323:Principle of double effect
3968:A Short History of Thomism
3232:RĂ©ginald Garrigou-Lagrange
1774:Principle of Double Effect
1633:Catholic Church portal
193:Principle of double effect
5217:
4551:
4425:
4370:Thomas Aquinas Dictionary
4214:
4075:(Barcelona, since 1901);
4067:(Paderborn, since 1887);
3301:strict observance Thomism
1453:Thomas Aquinas Dictionary
287:Commentaries on Aristotle
4415:Temptation of St. Thomas
4286:Verbum supernum prodiens
4172:De regno, ad regem Cypri
4165:Contra Errores Graecorum
4091:since 1927 which became
3994:Mettepenningen, JĂŒrgen,
3503:(Cambridge, 2011), p507.
3433:, (Blackwell, 2007), p1.
3203:Pascendi Dominici Gregis
3100:Late-19th-century spread
3088:) in certain conditions
3086:appetitus intellectualis
2885:defined by Pius X in1907
1534:Temptation of St. Thomas
363:Verbum supernum prodiens
293:De regno, ad regem Cypri
281:Contra Errores Graecorum
4713:Theological voluntarism
4381:Institutional namesakes
4051:(Louvain, since 1894);
3813:JĂŒrgen Mettepenningen,
3607:Lehrbuch d. Dogmengesch
3540:JĂŒrgen Mettepenningen,
3530:, January-February 2018
3512:JĂŒrgen Mettepenningen,
3173:Institut de philosophie
2908:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
1890:Theological determinism
1388:Congregatio de Auxiliis
5229:Catholicism portal
4437:Catholicism portal
4328:View on the Sacraments
4079:(Madrid, since 1910).
3609:, III, 3rd. ed., 327,
3555:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
3490:Accessed 1 August 2013
3468:Joseph Louis Perrier,
3390:Joseph Louis Perrier,
3381:Accessed 27 March 2013
3197:Lamentabili sane exitu
2962:
2916:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
2726:Catholicism portal
2078:Gregory (of Nazianzus)
1942:Christian Neoplatonism
1506:Madonna and Child with
5241:Philosophy portal
5056:Infused righteousness
4386:Pontifical University
4207:Summa contra Gentiles
4063:(Paris, since 1893);
4055:(Paris, since 1900);
4041:(Milan, since 1909);
4024:Catholic Encyclopedia
3963:, (Oxford: OUP, 2009)
3942:Catholic Encyclopedia
3783:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
3268:Marie-Dominique Chenu
3159:, and the thought of
3048:problem of universals
2958:
2837:Thomas de Vio Cajetan
2738:Philosophy portal
1645:Philosophy portal
1483:Charles Bridge statue
276:Summa contra Gentiles
137:Correspondence theory
27:Scholasticism revival
5189:Doctor of the Church
5071:Ontological argument
4250:Ecce panis angelorum
4085:The Modern Schoolman
4053:Revue de Philosophie
4047:(Paris, 1830-1913);
3984:, (Blackwell, 2007),
3212:Codex Iuris Canonici
2833:Francisco de Vitoria
1974:Second scholasticism
1582:Doctor of the Church
5277:Christian democracy
5016:Divine illumination
4672:Augustinian realism
4540:Theological virtues
4479:Catholic philosophy
4240:Creator ineffabilis
4019:"Neo-Scholasticism"
3991:, (Cambridge, 2011)
3894:. 30 November 2008.
3363:(15 October 2009).
3177:Catholic Congresses
2904:La Scienza Italiana
2896:Gaetano Sanseverino
1804:Liberation Theology
1705:Catholic philosophy
1572:School of Salamanca
433:St. Albertus Magnus
328:Creator ineffabilis
199:Aristotelian ethics
5184:Islamic philosophy
5138:Trademark argument
5031:Formal distinction
4981:Augustinian values
4654:Analytical Thomism
4634:Christian humanism
4364:Analytical Thomism
4291:O salutaris hostia
4257:O sacrum convivium
4069:St. Thomas BlÀtter
3338:Analytical thomism
3281:nouvelle théologie
3194:issued the decree
2980:possibly contains
2963:
2928:Syllabus of Errors
2828:Scholastic revival
2083:Gregory (of Nyssa)
1811:Christian Humanism
1500:Fiesole Altarpiece
1413:Analytical Thomism
447:Classical Thomists
368:O salutaris hostia
338:O sacrum convivium
242:Intrinsic finality
84:Apophatic theology
5249:
5248:
5164:Catholic theology
5111:Seven deadly sins
5081:Peripatetic axiom
4991:Cartesian dualism
4726:
4725:
4692:Scotistic realism
4649:Neo-scholasticism
4445:
4444:
4359:Neo-scholasticism
4089:New Scholasticism
3937:Neo-Scholasticism
3528:New Oxford Review
3328:Mortimer J. Adler
3208:Code of Canon Law
3025:
3024:
3017:
2982:original research
2778:Neo-scholasticism
2775:
2774:
2708:
2707:
2593:Garrigou-Lagrange
1902:Divine Attributes
1681:
1680:
1577:Catholic theology
1438:Index Thomisticus
1394:Neo-scholasticism
1102:Garrigou-Lagrange
316:Hymns and prayers
187:Peripatetic axiom
94:Divine simplicity
16:(Redirected from
5284:
5239:
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5237:
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5051:Homo unius libri
4996:Cogito, ergo sum
4986:Cardinal virtues
4687:Moderate realism
4579:
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4557:
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4495:Cardinal virtues
4472:
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4449:
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4317:Homo unius libri
4274:Sacris solemniis
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4186:Summa Theologiae
4143:
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4073:Revista Lulliana
4028:
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3252:Jacques Maritain
3226:Writers such as
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2997:inline citations
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2853:Francisco SuĂĄrez
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1132:von Donnersmarck
398:Pseudo-Dionysius
353:Sacris solemniis
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264:Summa Theologica
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162:Substantial form
149:Substance theory
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4410:(1631 painting)
4402:(1323 painting)
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4235:Adoro te devote
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4198:Treatise on Law
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3951:Further reading
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3830:(17 May 1934).
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2900:Joseph Kleutgen
2857:Dominican Order
2841:Gabriel VĂĄsquez
2816:
2782:neo-scholastic
2780:(also known as
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1473:1476 Altarpiece
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323:Adoro te devote
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4104:External links
4102:
4101:
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4083:, since 1924;
4077:Cienza Tomista
4061:Revue Thomiste
4035:(since 1879);
4029:
4008:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3980:Kerr, Fergus,
3978:
3973:Kerr, Fergus,
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3964:
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3293:Cornelio Fabro
3272:Henri de Lubac
3264:Ătienne Gilson
3248:Ătienne Gilson
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3190:In July 1907,
3184:
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3149:traditionalism
3107:Aeterni Patris
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3036:pure actuality
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2951:Key principles
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2944:Aeterni Patris
2912:Giuseppe Pecci
2873:René Descartes
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2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1947:Friends of God
1939:
1934:
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1920:Augustinianism
1916:
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1909:
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1905:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1885:Predestination
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1858:
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1848:
1843:
1837:
1832:
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1828:
1827:
1824:
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1821:Works of mercy
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1555:Related topics
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1407:Editio Leonina
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1232:MillĂĄn-Puelles
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1199:
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96:
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55:
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52:Thomas Aquinas
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5289:
5278:
5275:
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5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5242:
5232:
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5219:
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5210:
5209:Phenomenology
5207:
5205:
5202:
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5197:
5195:
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5187:
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5182:
5180:
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5155:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
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5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5106:Rota Fortunae
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5066:Occam's razor
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5046:Head of a pin
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4961:Actus Essendi
4959:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4943:
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4938:
4936:
4933:
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4928:
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4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
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4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
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4856:
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4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Chateaubriand
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4682:Conceptualism
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
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4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
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4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:Scholasticism
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4546:
4545:Virtue ethics
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4530:Seven virtues
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
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4424:
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4412:
4409:
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4400:
4396:
4392:
4389:
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4384:
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4382:
4379:
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4360:
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4350:
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4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4310:Actus Essendi
4307:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:
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4260:
4258:
4255:
4251:
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4241:
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4233:
4232:
4230:
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4219:
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4144:
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4103:
4098:
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4090:
4086:
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4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
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4058:
4054:
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4034:
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4026:
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4020:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3966:Cessario, R,
3965:
3962:
3958:
3957:Boersma, Hans
3955:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3931:public domain
3923:
3922:
3908:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3853:
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3646:
3640:
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3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3603:Adolf Harnack
3600:
3596:
3593:, (1899) and
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3481:on 2015-10-09
3480:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:Fergus Kerr,
3426:
3423:
3411:on 2013-09-27
3410:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
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3354:
3350:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Anthony Kenny
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3285:
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3282:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3236:Henri Grenier
3233:
3229:
3228:Edouard Hugon
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:Anton GĂŒnther
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3111:
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3055:
3053:
3049:
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3040:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3019:
3016:
3008:
3005:February 2023
2998:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2978:This article
2976:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2950:
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2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2930:
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2919:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2877:Immanuel Kant
2874:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:(1532â1596),
2846:
2843:(1551â1604),
2842:
2839:(1469â1534),
2838:
2835:(1483-1546),
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2820:scholasticism
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2797:scholasticism
2794:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2748:
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2399:
2398:Chateaubriand
2396:
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2389:
2386:
2384:
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2369:
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2264:
2263:Gundissalinus
2261:
2259:
2256:
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2246:
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2139:
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2129:
2126:
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2121:
2119:
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2114:
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2104:
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2059:
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2034:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:Scholasticism
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Ressourcement
1957:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1895:Compatibilism
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:Conceptualism
1839:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:Virtue ethics
1814:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
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1478:Carafa Chapel
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1471:
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1400:Ăterni Patris
1397:
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951:
948:
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938:
936:
935:Benedict XIII
933:
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429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
418:Peter Lombard
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
403:St. Augustine
401:
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389:
386:
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377:
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243:
240:
238:
237:Concupiscence
235:
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216:
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159:
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145:
144:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
127:
126:Primum Movens
123:
121:
120:
119:Actus essendi
116:
114:
113:
109:
107:
104:
102:
101:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
79:Scholasticism
77:
76:
72:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
5179:Neoplatonism
5101:Ressentiment
5096:Quinque viae
5061:Memento mori
5021:Double truth
4966:Actus primus
4732:Philosophers
4648:
4639:Cartesianism
4413:
4405:
4397:
4368:
4358:
4315:
4308:
4205:
4196:
4192:Quinque viae
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4087:since 1925,
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4033:Divus Thomas
4032:
4022:
4003:
4001:Aveling, F.
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3940:
3910:. Retrieved
3900:
3886:
3874:. Retrieved
3870:
3861:
3852:
3840:. Retrieved
3835:
3822:
3814:
3809:
3801:
3798:Hans Boersma
3777:
3766:. Retrieved
3764:. 2018-07-16
3761:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3719:
3710:
3701:
3692:
3687:at Freiburg.
3679:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3573:
3564:
3561:(the future
3558:
3549:
3541:
3536:
3527:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3483:. Retrieved
3479:the original
3469:
3464:
3451:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3413:. Retrieved
3409:the original
3399:
3391:
3386:
3373:. Retrieved
3361:Edward Feser
3316:Brian Davies
3308:Edward Feser
3305:
3300:
3288:
3286:
3279:
3261:
3225:
3211:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3172:
3165:
3138:
3124:
3121:(the future
3118:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3079:
3064:
3056:
3041:
3029:
3026:
3011:
3002:
2979:
2942:
2933:
2926:
2920:
2903:
2893:
2889:
2866:
2831:nominalism.
2817:
2788:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2638:John Paul II
2563:Benedict XVI
2536:Contemporary
2016:Philosophers
1978:
1937:Cartesianism
1880:Quinque Viae
1605:Actus primus
1603:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1504:
1492:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1386:
1297:Sertillanges
965:Benedict XIV
408:St. Boethius
303:Catena aurea
219:Determinatio
217:
206: /
174: /
152:
143:Hylomorphism
141:
124:
117:
110:
100:Quinque viae
98:
5199:Rationalism
5194:Renaissance
5126:Augustinian
5011:Disputation
5006:Differentia
4971:Actus purus
4875:Malebranche
4790:Bonaventure
4525:Personalism
4520:Natural law
4515:Probabilism
4267:Tantum ergo
4228:and prayers
4114:(in French)
4099:since 1939.
4097:The Thomist
3591:Kantstudien
3192:Pope Pius X
3071:immortality
2910:(1822â92),
2881:Georg Hegel
2789:neo-Thomism
2453:Malebranche
2313:Roscellinus
2258:Grosseteste
2218:Bonaventure
2038:Athenagoras
1834:Metaphysics
1794:Personalism
1789:Natural law
1784:Probabilism
1431:Scholarship
1082:Fairweather
1004:Neo-Thomism
980:de Boxadors
885:Pallavicino
880:Vallgornera
675:Mirabilibus
635:de Flandria
525:Benedict XI
348:Tantum ergo
213:Natural law
208:Theological
112:Actus purus
18:Neo-Thomism
5256:Categories
5204:Empiricism
5026:Evil demon
4800:Chesterton
4677:Nominalism
4664:Universals
4505:Just price
4245:Lauda Sion
3912:2011-01-02
3828:Ryan, P.J.
3768:2022-10-02
3485:2013-08-01
3415:2013-08-21
3344:References
3276:Vatican II
3216:Vatican II
3145:ontologism
3130:Philosophy
3075:syllogisms
2989:improve it
2940:encyclical
2808:philosophy
2633:Hildebrand
2573:Chesterton
2438:La Mennais
2368:Bellarmine
2363:Azpilcueta
2308:Paschasius
2188:Autrecourt
2143:Tertullian
2103:Chrysostom
2043:Athanasius
1925:Victorines
1856:Nominalism
1764:Just price
1587:Empiricism
1342:Wilhelmsen
1227:Meinvielle
1037:Bouquillon
785:de Granada
780:Maldonatus
740:Catherinus
715:di Ferrara
680:Savonarola
650:Torquemada
575:Bradwardin
550:di Bologna
535:Winterburn
475:Innocent V
460:Saint-Cher
428:Maimonides
381:Influences
333:Lauda Sion
232:Just price
132:Sacraments
5169:Platonism
5143:Univocity
5041:Haecceity
4920:Ratzinger
4885:Montaigne
4865:MacIntyre
4820:Dionysius
4815:Descartes
4775:Augustine
4629:Salamanca
4095:in 1989,
4081:Angelicum
3685:Mandonnet
3565:Angelicum
3375:2 January
3297:TomĂĄĆĄ TĂœn
3161:Descartes
3136:in 1896.
3134:Canon Law
3125:Angelicum
3052:evolution
2993:verifying
2869:Modernism
2653:MacIntyre
2613:Gutiérrez
2583:Copleston
2553:Balthasar
2408:Descartes
2268:Hildegard
2253:Gregory I
2228:Catherine
2178:Alexander
2128:Dionysius
2048:Augustine
2001:Salamanca
1875:Haecceity
1779:Casuistry
1332:UĆĄeniÄnik
1322:Taparelli
1282:Ripperger
1197:MacIntyre
1057:Copleston
990:Gazzaniga
970:De Rubeis
925:Alexandre
920:Massoulié
790:Fernandes
710:Mazzolini
655:Bessarion
570:Paludanus
530:Fontaines
470:Penyafort
455:Cantimpré
388:Aristotle
5131:Irenaean
5121:Theodicy
5091:Quiddity
4954:Concepts
4880:Maritain
4850:Krasicki
4840:Gassendi
4830:Eriugena
4785:Boethius
4760:Anscombe
4750:Albertus
4644:Molinism
4611:Occamism
4583:Medieval
4510:Just war
3977:, (2002)
3970:, (2005)
3838:. Sydney
3747:Santroul
3683:Such as
3628:Kleutgen
3626:Such as
3369:Archived
3322:See also
2936:Leo XIII
2824:humanism
2804:theology
2801:Catholic
2668:Maritain
2643:Lonergan
2623:Guardini
2548:Anscombe
2523:Caramuel
2433:Krasicki
2428:KoĆĆÄ
taj
2383:Brentano
2243:Eriugena
2208:Berengar
2156:Medieval
2108:Climacus
2088:Irenaeus
2058:Boethius
2053:Benedict
1996:Analytic
1964:Occamism
1954:Molinism
1932:Llullism
1861:Quiddity
1769:Just war
1697:a series
1695:Part of
1357:Zigliara
1352:Woodbury
1257:Piolanti
1222:McInerny
1212:Marshall
1207:Maritain
1202:Maréchal
1192:Lonergan
1182:Leo XIII
1157:Kleutgen
1107:Gauthier
1022:Arintero
870:Molinier
850:Riccardi
825:Malvenda
820:Verbeeck
805:Duperron
800:Porrecta
765:Senensis
760:Pelargus
720:Gaetanus
690:Gostynin
670:Almadura
640:Pierozzi
615:Dominici
600:Eymerich
590:Bromyard
565:NĂ©dellec
560:Guidonis
520:Auvergne
505:Houghton
490:Moerbeke
480:Lessines
465:Beauvais
423:Averroes
413:Avicenna
393:St. Paul
227:Just war
204:Cardinal
176:accident
168:Quiddity
44:a series
42:Part of
5267:Thomism
5157:Related
4945:WojtyĆa
4925:Scheler
4870:Maistre
4860:Lombard
4845:Isidore
4825:Erasmus
4805:Clement
4770:Aquinas
4740:Abelard
4606:Scotism
4601:Thomism
4575:Schools
4349:Thomism
4337:Related
4302:Thought
3933::
3876:9 April
3842:30 June
3611:Seeberg
3587:Paulsen
3579:Kantism
3169:Louvain
3153:dualism
3090:is free
2987:Please
2923:Pius IX
2849:Fonseca
2845:Toletus
2814:Origins
2784:Thomism
2678:Mounier
2673:McLuhan
2628:Haldane
2568:Blondel
2518:Vitoria
2493:Rosmini
2468:Mercado
2463:Meinong
2458:Mariana
2448:Maistre
2443:Liguori
2423:GraciĂĄn
2418:FĂ©nelon
2413:Erasmus
2393:Cajetan
2378:Bossuet
2353:Arnauld
2333:Thierry
2288:Lombard
2278:Isidore
2238:Eckhart
2223:Buridan
2213:Bernard
2193:Aquinas
2163:Abelard
2123:Maximus
2098:Cassian
2068:Cyprian
2063:Clement
2033:Ambrose
2026:Ancient
1991:Thomism
1986:Scotism
1914:Schools
1865:essence
1846:Realism
1734:Aquinas
1370:History
1272:RamĂrez
1262:Pirotta
1217:Mascall
1177:KrÄ
piec
1172:Koninck
1152:Jolivet
1147:Inagaki
1127:Hawkins
1122:Grenier
1072:De Wulf
1012:Aertsen
985:Mamachi
960:Concina
955:Leocata
945:Plessis
890:NicolaĂŻ
860:Poinsot
855:Gravina
845:Rispoli
835:Ălvarez
815:Lessius
810:Medices
735:Vitoria
730:Pagnino
725:Koellin
660:de Rupe
645:Cusanus
630:Sabunde
605:Calecas
595:Kydones
580:Holkott
555:Fiadoni
540:Colonna
485:Piperno
172:essence
170: (
151: (
71:Thomism
5148:Utopia
4940:SuĂĄrez
4930:Scotus
4915:Rahner
4905:Pascal
4895:Newman
4835:Ficino
4765:Anselm
4755:Alcuin
4621:Modern
4487:Ethics
4015:
3738:Garcia
3632:Stöckl
3595:Eucken
3457:auctor
3270:, and
3254:, and
3234:, and
3151:, the
2698:Taylor
2688:Rahner
2683:Pieper
2663:Marion
2658:Marcel
2618:DĂĄvila
2608:Girard
2603:Gilson
2588:Finnis
2578:Congar
2558:Barron
2508:SuĂĄrez
2488:Pascal
2483:Newman
2473:Molina
2403:Cortés
2388:Botero
2373:Bonald
2346:Modern
2328:Symeon
2318:Scotus
2303:Oresme
2298:Ockham
2293:Martin
2183:Anselm
2173:Alcuin
2168:Albert
2133:Origen
2118:Justin
2093:Jerome
1869:nature
1752:Ethics
1742:Ockham
1740:, and
1738:Scotus
1725:
1717:
1418:ICUSTA
1347:Wippel
1317:Tanaka
1267:Pius X
1237:Newman
1162:Knasas
1117:George
1097:Gardet
1087:Farrer
1067:Daujat
1062:Coreth
1052:Coffey
1047:Canals
1042:Bourke
1032:Barron
1027:Ashley
1017:AnquĂn
930:Ăchard
915:Quétif
910:Bancel
875:Torres
865:Ripada
775:Medina
700:Tetzel
695:GĆogĂłw
625:Gorkum
620:Gerson
610:Ferrer
585:Regina
545:Ymbert
515:Sutton
510:Apolda
500:Trilia
181:nature
89:Aseity
4976:Aevum
4935:Stein
4900:Occam
4855:Llull
4780:Bacon
4745:Adler
4701:Other
4226:Hymns
4157:Books
3274:. At
2693:Stein
2648:Lubac
2598:Geach
2543:Adler
2498:Sales
2358:Ăvila
2323:Siger
2283:Llull
2248:Giles
2198:Bacon
2073:Cyril
1337:White
1327:Torre
1312:Stein
1307:Smith
1302:Simon
1287:Russo
1277:RĂ©gis
1252:Pegis
1247:Pecci
1167:Komar
1142:Hugon
1137:Henle
1112:Geach
1092:Feser
1077:Fabro
975:Burke
950:Gotti
940:Serry
905:Gonet
900:Ferre
895:Lynch
840:Oliva
830:Lemos
795:Båñez
770:Faber
685:Fabri
665:Niger
495:MartĂ
256:Works
154:ousia
4910:Pico
4890:More
4810:Cusa
3878:2013
3844:2021
3726:and
3377:2011
3141:Kant
3082:will
3067:soul
2879:and
2806:and
2513:Vico
2503:Soto
2478:More
2273:Hugh
2233:Cusa
2203:Bede
2138:Paul
1292:Ryan
1242:Pace
1187:Lira
755:Cano
750:Soto
705:Deza
3939:".
3155:of
3059:act
3044:oak
3034:is
3032:God
3030:1.
2991:by
2938:'s
2799:in
2787:or
1979:Neo
1466:Art
745:Ory
5258::
4021:.
3959:,
3869:.
3834:.
3800:,
3790:^
3760:.
3613:,
3605:,
3597:,
3367:.
3352:^
3314:,
3310:,
3303:.
3284:.
3266:,
3250:,
3230:,
3147:,
3077:.
2914:,
2875:,
2864:.
1867:/
1736:,
1699:on
46:on
4471:e
4464:t
4457:v
4142:e
4135:t
4128:v
3915:.
3880:.
3846:.
3771:.
3488:.
3418:.
3379:.
3210:(
3084:(
3018:)
3012:(
3007:)
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2766:e
2759:t
2752:v
1871:)
1863:(
1672:e
1665:t
1658:v
183:)
157:)
20:)
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