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this comparison was filmed under different lighting conditions, with a white boat. JARIC's estimates of the size and speed of the object are now believed to be overestimates, due to miscalculations of the angle of the camera and cuts in the film, and overlaying multiple frames seems to show a pale blob towards the rear end of the object, which appears in multiple frames and matches with the position of the helmsman of a boat as demonstrated in
Dinsdale's boat comparison. It has also been noted that the object in his film does not actually submerge as often perceived but blends into the greyer reflections on the water. Additionally, Dick Raynor has noted that Dinsdale's binoculars were actually a wider field of view than his telephoto camera. Additionally, critics consider the dark shape noticed by the Discovery documentary analysis unlikely to be the shadow or a body underwater due to the low angle of view, and it is more likely to be reflections of the shore behind the object.
822:, and Adomnán's tale probably recycles a common motif attached to a local landmark. According to skeptics, Adomnán's story may be independent of the modern Loch Ness Monster legend and became attached to it by proximity and by believers seeking to bolster their claims. Ronald Binns considers that this is the most serious of various alleged early sightings of the monster, but all other claimed sightings before 1933 are dubious and do not prove a monster tradition before that date. Christopher Cairney uses a specific historical and cultural analysis of Adomnán to separate Adomnán's story about St. Columba from the modern myth of the Loch Ness Monster, but finds an earlier and culturally significant use of Celtic "water beast" folklore along the way. In doing so he also discredits any strong connection between
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and a long, wavy, narrow neck, slightly thicker than an elephant's trunk and as long as the 10–12-foot (3–4 m) width of the road. They saw no limbs. It lurched across the road toward the loch 20 yards (18 m) away, leaving a trail of broken undergrowth in its wake. Spicer described it as "the nearest approach to a dragon or pre-historic animal that I have ever seen in my life," and as having "a long neck, which moved up and down in the manner of a scenic railway." It had "an animal" in its mouth and had a body that "was fairly big, with a high back, but if there were any feet they must have been of the web kind, and as for a tail I cannot say, as it moved so rapidly, and when we got to the spot it had probably disappeared into the loch." Though he was the first to describe the creature as a
1469:, near the midpoint of the loch. With the mobile units in laybys about 80% of the loch surface was covered. The society's name was later shortened to the Loch Ness Investigation Bureau (LNIB), and it disbanded in 1972. The LNIB had an annual subscription charge, which covered administration. Its main activity was encouraging groups of self-funded volunteers to watch the loch from vantage points with film cameras with telescopic lenses. From 1965 to 1972 it had a caravan camp and viewing platform at Achnahannet, and sent observers to other locations up and down the loch. According to the bureau's 1969 annual report it had 1,030 members, of whom 588 were from the UK.
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892:"The creature disported itself, rolling and plunging for fully a minute, its body resembling that of a whale, and the water cascading and churning like a simmering cauldron. Soon, however, it disappeared in a boiling mass of foam. Both onlookers confessed that there was something uncanny about the whole thing, for they realised that here was no ordinary denizen of the depths, because, apart from its enormous size, the beast, in taking the final plunge, sent out waves that were big enough to have been caused by a passing steamer."
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1249:, camping next to Urquhart Castle, took "some of the clearest pictures of the monster until this day". Shiels, a magician, claimed to have summoned the animal out of the water. He later described it as an "elephant squid", claiming the long neck shown in the photograph is actually the squid's "trunk" and that a white spot at the base of the neck is its eye. Due to the lack of ripples, it has been declared a hoax by a number of people and received its name because of its staged look.
882:, about a large "beast" or "whale-like fish". The article by Alex Campbell, water bailiff for Loch Ness and a part-time journalist, discussed a sighting by Aldie Mackay of an enormous creature with the body of a whale rolling in the water in the loch while she and her husband John were driving on the A82 on 15 April 1933. The word "monster" was reportedly applied for the first time in Campbell's article, although some reports claim that it was coined by editor Evan Barron.
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plesiosaur-like animal, but sceptics argue the object is a log due to the lump on its "chest" area, the mass of sediment in the full photo, and the object's log-like "skin" texture. Another photograph seemed to depict a horned "gargoyle head", consistent with that of some sightings of the monster; however, sceptics point out that a tree stump was later filmed during
Operation Deepscan in 1987, which bore a striking resemblance to the gargoyle head.
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1226:, with a digital enhancement of the Dinsdale film. A person who enhanced the film noticed a shadow in the negative that was not obvious in the developed film. By enhancing and overlaying frames, he found what appeared to be the rear body of a creature underwater: "Before I saw the film, I thought the Loch Ness Monster was a load of rubbish. Having done the enhancement, I'm not so sure."
1673:, said he could not rule out the possibility of eels of extreme size, though none were found, nor were any ever caught. The other possibility is that the large amount of eel DNA simply comes from many small eels. No evidence of any reptilian sequences were found, he added, "so I think we can be fairly sure that there is probably not a giant scaly reptile swimming around in Loch Ness".
1606:, donated a number of echosounder units used in the operation. After examining a sonar return indicating a large, moving object at a depth of 180 metres (590 ft) near Urquhart Bay, Lowrance said: "There's something here that we don't understand, and there's something here that's larger than a fish, maybe some species that hasn't been detected before. I don't know."
1711:, and exotic species of large animals. A reviewer wrote that Binns had "evolved into the author of ... the definitive, skeptical book on the subject". Binns does not call the sightings a hoax, but "a myth in the true sense of the term" and states that the "'monster is a sociological ... phenomenon. ...After 1983 the search ... (for the) possibility that there just
1000:(near the north-eastern end of the loch) at about 1 a.m. on a moonlit night. According to Grant, it had a small head attached to a long neck; the creature saw him, and crossed the road back to the loch. Grant, a veterinary student, described it as a cross between a seal and a plesiosaur. He said he dismounted and followed it to the loch, but saw only ripples.
1532:, the photos were retouched to superimpose the flipper; the original enhancement showed a considerably less-distinct object. No one is sure how the originals were altered. During a meeting with Tony Harmsworth and Adrian Shine at the Loch Ness Centre & Exhibition, Rines admitted that the flipper photo may have been retouched by a magazine editor.
6313:, Wednesday, 11 June 1879 "This kelpie had been in the habit of appearing as a beautiful black horse... No sooner had the weary unsuspecting victim seated himself in the saddle than away darted the horse with more than the speed of the hurricane and plunged into the deepest part of Loch Ness, and the rider was never seen again."
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location and weather conditions that day. According to Raynor, Edwards told him he had faked a photograph in 1986 that he claimed was genuine in the
National Geographic documentary. Although Edwards admitted in October 2013 that his 2011 photograph was a hoax, he insisted that the 1986 photograph was genuine.
2230:. Robert Rines explained that the "horns" in some sightings function as breathing tubes (or nostrils), allowing it to breathe without breaking the surface. Also new discoveries have shown that plesiosaurs had the ability to swim in fresh waters, but the cold temperatures would make it hard for it to live.
1481:, volunteered his services as a sonar developer and expert at Loch Ness in 1968. His gesture, part of a larger effort led by the LNPIB from 1967 to 1968, involved collaboration between volunteers and professionals in a number of fields. Tucker had chosen Loch Ness as the test site for a prototype sonar
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However, additional analyses of the
Dinsdale film have indicated that his sighting was a case of mistaken identity and that he likely filmed a boat under poor lighting conditions. Although Dinsdale attempted to rule this out by organizing for a fishing boat to sail a similar route later that morning,
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and
Maurice Burton) consider it a picture of a diving bird or otter that Wilson mistook for the monster. According to Morrison, when the plates were developed, Wilson was uninterested in the second photo; he allowed Morrison to keep the negative, and the photo was rediscovered years later. When asked
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In August 1933, Italian journalist
Francesco Gasparini submitted what he said was the first news article on the Loch Ness Monster. In 1959, he reported sighting a "strange fish" and fabricated eyewitness accounts: "I had the inspiration to get hold of the item about the strange fish. The idea of the
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producer) and Ira Dyer of MIT's
Department of Ocean Engineering were on hand to examine the data. P. Skitzki of Raytheon suggested that the data indicated a 3-metre (10 ft) protuberance projecting from one of the echoes. According to author Roy Mackal, the shape was a "highly flexible laterally
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with a maximum range of 800 m (2,600 ft). The device was fixed underwater at Temple Pier in
Urquhart Bay and directed at the opposite shore, drawing an acoustic "net" across the loch through which no moving object could pass undetected. During the two-week trial in August, multiple targets
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Little is known of the second photo; it is often ignored by researchers, who believe its quality too poor and its differences from the first photo too great to warrant analysis. It shows a head similar to the first photo, with a more turbulent wave pattern, and possibly taken at a different time and
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approaching, Wetherell sank the model with his foot and it is "presumably still somewhere in Loch Ness". Chambers gave the photographic plates to Wilson, a friend of his who enjoyed "a good practical joke". Wilson brought the plates to Ogston's, an
Inverness chemist, and gave them to George Morrison
809:. They explained that the man was swimming in the river when he was attacked by a "water beast" that mauled him and dragged him underwater despite their attempts to rescue him by boat. Columba sent a follower, Luigne moccu Min, to swim across the river. The beast approached him, but Columba made the
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as having "a bear's head and a brown scaly body with clawlike fins." The creature was placed in a van to be carried away for testing, but police seized the cadaver under an act of parliament prohibiting the removal of "unidentified creatures" from Loch Ness. It was later revealed that
Flamingo Park
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Modern interest in the monster was sparked by a sighting on 22 July 1933, when George Spicer and his wife saw "a most extraordinary form of animal" cross the road in front of their car. They described the creature as having a large body (about 4 feet (1.2 m) high and 25 feet (7.6 m) long)
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Wakes have been reported when the loch is calm, with no boats nearby. Bartender David Munro reported a wake he believed was a creature zigzagging, diving, and reappearing; there were reportedly 26 other witnesses from a nearby car park. Although some sightings describe a V-shaped wake similar to a
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In a 1979 article, California biologist Dennis Power and geographer Donald Johnson claimed that the "surgeon's photograph" was the top of the head, extended trunk and flared nostrils of a swimming elephant photographed elsewhere and claimed to be from Loch Ness. In 2006, palaeontologist and artist
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In August 2023, a weekend of high-tech searching was done in observance of the 90th anniversary of the 1933 Aldie Mackay sighting. The event was coordinated by Loch Ness Exploration volunteers in collaboration with the Loch Ness visitor’s centre. The technology used included "sonar for mapping the
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In 2001, Rines' Academy of Applied Science videotaped a V-shaped wake traversing still water on a calm day. The academy also videotaped an object on the floor of the loch resembling a carcass and found marine clamshells and a fungus-like organism not normally found in freshwater lochs, a suggested
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conducted a search for the monster involving sonar examination of the loch depths for unusual activity. Rines took precautions to avoid murky water with floating wood and peat. A submersible camera with a floodlight was deployed to record images below the surface. If Rines detected anything on the
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on 21 April 1934. Wilson's refusal to have his name associated with it led to it being known as the "surgeon's photograph". According to Wilson, he was looking at the loch when he saw the monster, grabbed his camera and snapped four photos. Only two exposures came out clearly; the first reportedly
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For 60 years, the photo was considered evidence of the monster's existence, although skeptics dismissed it as driftwood, an elephant, an otter or a bird. The photo's scale was controversial; it is often shown cropped (making the creature seem large and the ripples like waves), while the uncropped
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the scientists had made sonar contact with an unidentified object of unusual size and strength. The researchers returned, re-scanning the area. Analysis of the echosounder images seemed to indicate debris at the bottom of the loch, although there was motion in three of the pictures. Adrian Shine
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filmed what he believed to be a dark hump that left a wake crossing Loch Ness on 23 April 1960. Dinsdale, who reportedly had the sighting on his final day of search, described it as mahogany red with a blotch on its side when viewed through binoculars. He said that when he mounted his camera the
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In 2003, the BBC sponsored a search of the loch using 600 sonar beams and satellite tracking. The search had sufficient resolution to identify a small buoy. No animal of substantial size was found and, despite their reported hopes, the scientists involved admitted that this proved the Loch Ness
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financed a search. Twenty men with binoculars and cameras positioned themselves around the loch from 9 am to 6 pm for five weeks, beginning on 13 July 1934. Although 21 photographs were taken, none was considered conclusive. Supervisor James Fraser remained by the loch, filming, on 15
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Other researchers consider the photograph a hoax. Roy Mackal requested to use the photograph in his 1976 book. He received the original negative from MacNab, but discovered it differed from the photograph that appeared in Whyte's book. The tree at the bottom left in Whyte's was missing from the
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According to a 2013 article, Mackay said that she had yelled, "Stop! The Beast!" when viewing the spectacle. In the late 1980s, a naturalist interviewed Aldie Mackay and she admitted to knowing that there had been an oral tradition of a "beast" in the loch well before her claimed sighting. Alex
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A second search was conducted by Rines in 1975. Some of the photographs, despite their obviously murky quality and lack of concurrent sonar readings, did indeed seem to show unknown animals in various positions and lightings. One photograph appeared to show the head, neck, and upper torso of a
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analyzed the uncropped image and found a white object visible in every version of the photo (implying that it was on the negative). It was believed to be the cause of the ripples, as if the object was being towed, although the possibility of a blemish on the negative could not be ruled out. An
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documentary in which Edwards had participated. Researcher Dick Raynor has questioned Edwards' claim of discovering a deeper bottom of Loch Ness, which Raynor calls "Edwards Deep". He found inconsistencies between Edwards' claims for the location and conditions of the photograph and the actual
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It has been claimed that sightings of the monster increased after a road was built along the loch in early 1933, bringing workers and tourists to the formerly isolated area. However, Binns has described this as "the myth of the lonely loch", as it was far from isolated before then, due to the
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flipper, although sceptics have dismissed the images as depicting the bottom of the loch, air bubbles, a rock, or a fish fin. The apparent flipper was photographed in different positions, indicating movement. The first flipper photo is better-known than the second, and both were enhanced and
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From 2018 to 2019, scientists from New Zealand undertook a massive project to document every organism in Loch Ness based on DNA samples. Their reports confirmed that European eels are still found in the Loch. No DNA samples were found for large animals such as catfish, Greenland sharks, or
720:. It is often described as large, long-necked, and with one or more humps protruding from the water. Popular interest and belief in the creature has varied since it was brought to worldwide attention in 1933. Evidence of its existence is anecdotal with a number of disputed photographs and
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legends. According to Sjögren, accounts of loch monsters have changed over time; originally describing horse-like creatures, they were intended to keep children away from the loch. Sjögren wrote that the kelpie legends have developed into descriptions reflecting a modern awareness of
1574:, citing the lack of significant sonar readings and a decline in eyewitness accounts. He undertook a final expedition, using sonar and an underwater camera in an attempt to find a carcass. Rines believed that the animals may have failed to adapt to temperature changes resulting from
1707:. In these he contends that an aspect of human psychology is the ability of the eye to see what it wants, and expects, to see. They may be categorised as misidentifications of known animals, misidentifications of inanimate objects or effects, reinterpretations of Scottish folklore,
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survey of the lake in June 2018, looking for unusual species. The results were published in 2019; no DNA of large fish such as sharks, sturgeons and catfish could be found. No otter or seal DNA were obtained either, though there was a lot of eel DNA. The leader of the study, Prof
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Believers in the monster point to this story, set in the River Ness rather than the loch itself, as evidence for the creature's existence as early as the 6th century. Skeptics question the narrative's reliability, noting that water-beast stories were extremely common in medieval
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shot shows the other end of the loch and the monster in the centre. The ripples in the photo were found to fit the size and pattern of small ripples, rather than large waves photographed up close. Analysis of the original image fostered further doubt. In 1993, the makers of the
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A number of explanations have been suggested to account for sightings of the creature. According to Ronald Binns, a former member of the Loch Ness Phenomena Investigation Bureau, there is probably no single explanation of the monster. Binns wrote two sceptical books, the 1983
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pier on the south-western end of the loch, when he captured the movement. He said, "The water was very still at the time and there were no ripples coming off the wave and no other activity on the water." Sceptics suggested that the wave may have been caused by a wind gust.
1219:(JARIC) who published a 1966 report analyzing the film, the object was "probably animate". After the film, Dinsdale continued to pursue finding the Loch Ness Monster but while he claimed to have had additional sightings he was unable to produce more photographic evidence.
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DE-725C sonar unit, operating at a frequency of 200 kHz and anchored at a depth of 11 metres (36 ft), identified a moving target (or targets) estimated by echo strength at 6 to 9 metres (20 to 30 ft) in length. Specialists from Raytheon, Simrad (now
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On 26 May 2007, 55-year-old laboratory technician Gordon Holmes videotaped what he said was "this jet black thing, about 14 metres (46 ft) long, moving fairly fast in the water.", Loch Ness monster watchers described it as among "the best footage ever seen."
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was an early suggestion for what the "monster" was. Eels are found in Loch Ness, and an unusually large one would explain many sightings. Dinsdale dismissed the hypothesis because eels undulate side to side like snakes. Sightings in 1856 of a "sea-serpent" (or
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level. Gas pressure would eventually rupture a resin seal at one end of the log, propelling it through the water (sometimes to the surface). According to Burton, the shape of tree logs (with their branch stumps) closely resembles descriptions of the monster.
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published the account of George Spicer's alleged sighting. Public interest skyrocketed, with countless letters being sent in detailing different sightings describing a "monster fish," "sea serpent," or "dragon," with the final name ultimately settling on
1964:, and this could be a description of an earthquake. Many reports consist only of a large disturbance on the surface of the water; this could be a release of gas through the fault, although it may be mistaken for something swimming below the surface.
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On 27 August 2013, tourist David Elder presented a five-minute video of a "mysterious wave" in the loch. According to Elder, the wave was produced by a 4.5 m (15 ft) "solid black object" just under the surface of the water. Elder, 50, from
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reportedly saw an object resembling a log or an upturned boat "wriggling and churning up the water," moving slowly at first before disappearing at a faster speed. The account was not published until 1934, when Mackenzie sent his story in a letter to
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In 1972, a team of zoologists from Yorkshire's Flamingo Park Zoo, searching for the monster, discovered a large body floating in the water. The corpse, 4.9–5.4 m (16–18 ft) long and weighing as much as 1.5 tonnes, was described by the
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Neil Clark suggested that travelling circuses might have allowed elephants to bathe in the loch; the trunk could be the perceived head and neck, with the head and back the perceived humps. In support of this, Clark provided an example painting.
1910:); the Loch Ness oscillation period is 31.5 minutes. Earthquakes in Scotland are too weak to cause observable seiches, but extremely massive earthquakes far away could cause large waves. The seiche created in Loch Ness by the catastrophic
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1007:, who stated it was consistent with the appearance and behavior of an otter. Regarding the long size of the creature reported by Grant, it has been suggested that this was a faulty observation due to the poor light conditions. Paleontologist
1181:. Its crew noted a large object keeping pace with the vessel at a depth of 146 metres (479 ft). It was detected for 800 m (2,600 ft) before contact was lost and regained. Previous sonar attempts were inconclusive or negative.
1804:. It is dark in colour, with a small dorsal fin. According to biologist Bruce Wright, the Greenland shark could survive in fresh water (possibly using rivers and lakes to find food) and Loch Ness has an abundance of salmon and other fish.
1690:(underwater microphones)" which did record some sounds, but were "probably ducks". Despite a large turnout of searchers onsite and hundreds more viewing Internet livestream cameras pointed at the loch, there were no conclusive sightings.
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showed what appeared to be a large creature (thought by some to be the Loch Ness Monster) just below the surface of Loch Ness. At the loch's far north, the image appeared about 30 metres (98 ft) long. Possible explanations were the
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image of a 1.5-metre-wide (4.9 ft), unidentified object that seemed to follow his boat for two minutes at a depth of 23 m (75 ft) and ruled out the possibility of a small fish or seal. In April 2012, a scientist from the
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On 3 August 2012, skipper George Edwards claimed that a photo he took on 2 November 2011 shows "Nessie". Edwards claims to have searched for the monster for 26 years, and reportedly spent 60 hours per week on the loch aboard his boat,
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In 2005, two students claimed to have found a large tooth embedded in the body of a deer on the loch shore. They publicised the find, setting up a website, but expert analysis soon revealed that the "tooth" was the antler of a
1652:. Wally Veevers had designed the prop initially with a neck and two humps but Wilder disliked the humps and ordered them removed. This change altered the buoyancy and the prop promptly sank into the loch during a filming test.
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on 29 July 1955 took a photograph that depicted two long black humps in the water. The photograph was not made public until it appeared in Constance Whyte's 1957 book on the subject. On 23 October 1958 it was published by the
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Another sonar contact was made, this time with two objects estimated to be about 9 metres (30 ft). The strobe camera photographed two large objects surrounded by a flurry of bubbles. Some interpreted the objects as two
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and said: "Go no further. Do not touch the man. Go back at once." The creature stopped as if it had been "pulled back with ropes" and fled, and Columba's men and the Picts gave thanks for what they perceived as a miracle.
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Muir-Wood, Robert; Mignan, Arnaud (2009). "A Phenomenological Reconstruction of the Mw9 November 1st 1755 Earthquake Source". In Mendes-Victor, Luiz A.; Sousa Oliveira, Carlos; Azevedo, JoĂŁo; Ribeiro, AntĂłnio (eds.).
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published a report of Spicer's sighting. This sighting triggered a massive amount of public interest and an uptick in alleged sightings, leading to the solidification of the actual name "Loch Ness Monster."
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or water-horses and the modern "media-augmented" creation of the Loch Ness Monster. He also concludes that the story of Saint Columba may have been impacted by earlier Irish myths about the Caoránach and an
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on 12 November 1933 was the first photograph alleged to depict the monster. It was slightly blurred, and it has been noted that if one looks closely the head of a dog can be seen. Gray had taken his
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came into "possession of two lantern slides, contact positives from th original negative" and when projected onto a screen they revealed an "otter rolling at the surface in characteristic fashion."
1836:, and photos of them and deer swimming in the loch, which were cited by author Ronald Binns, may have been misinterpreted. According to Binns, birds may be mistaken for a "head and neck" sighting.
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sighted "a large stubby-legged animal" surfacing from the loch and propelling itself within 50 yd (46 m) of the shore where Macdonald stood. Macdonald reported his sighting to Loch Ness
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A number of hoax attempts have been made, some of which were successful. Other hoaxes were revealed rather quickly by the perpetrators or exposed after diligent research. A few examples follow.
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monster had never dawned on me, but then I noted that the strange fish would not yield a long article, and I decided to promote the imaginary being to the rank of monster without further ado."
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shows a small head and back, and the second shows a similar head in a diving position. The first photo became well known, and the second attracted little publicity because of its blurriness.
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to fund a 2-year programme of daylight watches from May to October. The principal equipment was 35 mm movie cameras on mobile units with 20-inch lenses, and one with a 36-inch lens at
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article. The creature was reportedly a toy submarine built by Christian Spurling, the son-in-law of actor, screenwriter, director, producer, and -- perhaps most saliently -- big-game hunter
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On 2 July 2003, Gerald McSorely discovered a fossil, supposedly from the creature, when he tripped and fell into the loch. After examination, it was clear that the fossil had been planted.
1543:(Greek for "Ness inhabitant with diamond-shaped fin"). Scott intended that the name would enable the creature to be added to the British register of protected wildlife. Scottish politician
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went to Loch Ness to look for the monster. Wetherell claimed to have found footprints, but when casts of the footprints were sent to scientists for analysis they turned out to be from a
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and Constance Whyte "to study Loch Ness to identify the creature known as the Loch Ness Monster or determine the causes of reports of it". In 1967 it received a grant of $ 20,000 from
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1198:. Author Ronald Binns wrote that the "phenomenon which MacNab photographed could easily be a wave effect resulting from three trawlers travelling closely together up the loch."
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Italian geologist Luigi Piccardi has proposed geological explanations for ancient legends and myths. Piccardi noted that in the earliest recorded sighting of a creature (the
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Other researchers have questioned the photograph's authenticity, and Loch Ness researcher Steve Feltham suggested that the object in the water is a fibreglass hump used in a
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1165:) determined to catch the monster "dead or alive". He believed his power to protect the monster from the hunters was "very doubtful". The letter was released by the
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for a walk that day and it is suspected that the photograph depicts his dog fetching a stick from the loch. Others have suggested that the photograph depicts an
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European Eels may reach an estimated maximal length of 1–1.3 meters. R. P. Mackal (1976) The Monsters of Loch Ness page 216, see also chapter 9 and appendix G
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as an example of the shape. According to Holiday, this explains the land sightings and the variable back shape; he likened it to the medieval description of
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1099:. After testing it in a local pond the group went to Loch Ness, where Ian Marmaduke Wetherell took the photos near the Altsaigh Tea House. When they heard a
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appearance to the water with calm patches appearing dark from the shore (reflecting the mountains and clouds). In 1979, W. H. Lehn showed that atmospheric
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If creatures similar to plesiosaurs lived in Loch Ness they would be seen frequently, since they would have to surface several times a day to breathe.
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2078:, calling it "Lucy". Despite setbacks (including Lucy falling to the bottom of the loch), about 600 sightings were reported where she was placed.
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for "Monster hoax by Sir Peter S". However, Rines countered that when rearranged, the letters could also spell "Yes, both pix are monsters – R."
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September 1934; the film is now lost. Zoologists and professors of natural history concluded that the film showed a seal, possibly a grey seal.
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documentary team, using cinematic special-effects experts, tried to convince people that there was something in the loch. They constructed an
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It is difficult to judge the size of an object in water through a telescope or binoculars with no external reference. Loch Ness has resident
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924:, a film that was extremely popular in theaters in his home city of London during August 1933, when Spicer reported the sighting. Loxton and
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The loch is only about 10,000 years old, dating to the end of the last ice age. Before then, it was frozen for about 20,000 years.
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is a large oscillation of a lake, caused by water reverting to its natural level after being blown to one end of the lake (resulting in a
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Campbell's 1933 article also stated that "Loch Ness has for generations been credited with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster".
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Concurrent with the sonar readings, the floodlit camera obtained a pair of underwater photographs. Both depicted what appeared to be a
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An international team consisting of researchers from the universities of Otago, Copenhagen, Hull and the Highlands and Islands, did a
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logs rising to the surface of the loch. A decomposing log could not initially release gases caused by decay because of its high
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1121:, Spurling "... was vague, thought it might have been a piece of wood they were trying out as a monster, but not sure."
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as "worms". Although this theory was considered by Mackal, he found it less convincing than eels, amphibians or plesiosaurs.
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were identified. One was probably a shoal of fish, but others moved in a way not typical of shoals at speeds up to 10 knots.
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1076:. Spurling admitted the photograph was a hoax in January 1991. Wetherell had been publicly ridiculed by his employer, the
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In September 2021, it was reported that a 20 ft (6.1 m) creature was captured on a live-stream near the loch.
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4742:<!-anonymous letter commenting on news: name and address supplied--> (1 June 1972). "Take a Lesson from Nessie".
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suggested that Spicer's sighting was fictionalized and inspired by a long-necked dinosaur that rises out of a lake in
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The best-known article that first attracted a great deal of attention about a creature was published on 2 May 1933 in
797:, written in the 7th century AD. According to Adomnán, writing about a century after the events described, Irish monk
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1088:(his son, himself a future actor, who bought the material for the fake), and Maurice Chambers (an insurance agent).
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4963:
2245:; Roy Mackal examined the possibility, giving it the highest score (88 percent) on his list of possible candidates.
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of the neck makes it absolutely certain that the plesiosaur could not lift its head up swan-like out of the water".
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analysis of the full photograph indicated that the object was small, about 60 to 90 cm (2 to 3 ft) long.
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In July 2015 three news outlets reported that Steve Feltham, after a vigil at the loch that was recognized by the
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1559:-like animals, suggesting several large animals living in Loch Ness. This photograph has rarely been published.
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2226:, Peter Scott and Roy Mackal postulate a trapped marine creature that evolved from a plesiosaur directly or by
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4115:"stv News North Tonight – Loch Ness Monster sighting report and interview with Gordon Holmes – tx 28 May 2007"
3593:"Loch Ness Monster Surface Photographs. Pictures of Nessie taken by Monster Hunters and Loch Ness Researchers"
1023:
The "surgeon's photograph" is reportedly the first photo of the creature's head and neck. Supposedly taken by
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in 2017 published excerpts from the Campbell article, which had been titled "Strange Spectacle in Loch Ness".
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be continues to enthrall a small number for whom eye-witness evidence outweighs all other considerations".
50:
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2 May 1933 "Loch Ness has for generations been credited with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster"
1915:
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was reportedly "so violent as to threaten destruction to some houses built on the sides of it", while the
1911:
1813:
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On 5 January 1934 a motorcyclist, Arthur Grant, claimed to have nearly hit the creature while approaching
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226:
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1784:. The Greenland shark, which can reach up to 20 feet in length, inhabits the North Atlantic Ocean around
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1642:. While investigating the depths of the loch, they found the resting place of a Nessie prop created for
1112:
location in the loch. Some believe it to be an earlier, cruder attempt at a hoax, and others (including
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878:
566:
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3961:"Books on the Loch Ness Monster 3: The Man Who Filmed Nessie: Tim Dinsdale and the Enigma of Loch Ness"
1902:
Loch Ness, because of its long, straight shape, is subject to unusual ripples affecting its surface. A
2571:
The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions
1064:
article that fell into obscurity. Details of how the photo was taken were published in the 1999 book,
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5071:
5022:
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4173:"Scottish Sailor Claims To Have Best Picture Yet of Loch Ness Monster | ABC News Blogs – Yahoo!"
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So "Nessie" is at her tricks again. After a long, she has by all accounts bobbed up in home waters...
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On 29 May 1938, South African tourist G. E. Taylor filmed something in the loch for three minutes on
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In 1933, it was suggested that the creature "bears a striking resemblance to the supposedly extinct
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139:
6165:"Nessie and Noctilucent Clouds: A Meteorological Explanation for Some Loch Ness Monster Sightings"
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announced in 1975, on the basis of the photographs, that the creature's scientific name would be
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341:
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127:
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1918:
caused two-foot (60 cm) waves. However, no sightings of the monster were reported in 1755.
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1934:
could distort the shape and size of objects and animals, and later published a photograph of a
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A survey of the literature about other supposed sightings, including photographs, published in
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4382:"Loch Ness Monster Sighting? Photographer Claims 'Black Object' Glided Beneath Lake's Surface"
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1753:. Many scientists now believe that giant eels account for many, if not most of the sightings.
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The Great Orm of Loch Ness: A Practical Inquiry into the Nature and Habits of Water-monsters
4062:
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3319:
3073:"Report of strange spectacle on Loch Ness in 1933 leaves unanswered question – what was it?"
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2325:
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1961:
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1315:, taking tourists for rides. Edwards said, "In my opinion, it probably looks kind of like a
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957:
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732:
571:
468:
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76:
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2621:, 11 August 1933 "Loch Ness, which is becoming famous as the supposed abode of a dragon..."
1141:, who did not show it to other researchers. A single frame was published in his 1961 book,
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for the monsters of Lochs Shiel, Ness and Morag, adding that they are feminine diminutives
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1973:
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D. Gordon Tucker, chair of the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering at the
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1080:, after he found "Nessie footprints" that turned out to be a hoax. To get revenge on the
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5026:
2190:. A popular explanation at the time, the following arguments have been made against it:
1864:
published a picture with the caption: "This queerly-shaped tree-trunk, washed ashore at
1233:
Although most researchers do not believe Dinsdale to be a hoaxer, his susceptibility to
1202:
negative. It is suspected that the photograph was doctored by re-photographing a print.
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The date is inferred from the oldest written source reporting a monster near Loch Ness.
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1833:
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were explained as those of an oversized eel, also believed common in "Highland lakes".
1742:
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1380:
1138:
1084:, Wetherell perpetrated his hoax with co-conspirators Spurling (sculpture specialist),
1004:
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965:
948:. In the 1930s, the existing road by the side of the loch was given a serious upgrade.
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2777:
Monsters of Film, Fiction and Fable, the Cultural Links Between the Human and Inhuman
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1907:
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626:
538:
381:
326:
306:
256:
211:
5117:
Fairbairn, Nicholas (18 December 1975). "Loch Ness monster". Letters to the Editor.
6586:"Legend of Nessie – Ultimate and Official Loch Ness Monster Site – About Loch Ness"
6486:
6246:
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2223:
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education officer John Shields shaved the whiskers and otherwise disfigured a bull
2028:
1997:
1977:
1860:
1817:
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1729:
1666:
1643:
1421:
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object began to move, and he shot 40 ft (12 m) of film. According to the
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1008:
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641:
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433:
366:
301:
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186:
66:
5818:"'River Monsters' Finale: Hunt For Loch Ness Monster And Greenland Shark (Video)"
2044:
that had died the week before and dumped it in Loch Ness to dupe his colleagues.
1520:
flattened tail" or the misinterpreted return from two animals swimming together.
6217:
Lehn, W. H.; Schroeder, I. (1981). "The Norse merman as an optical phenomenon".
5597:
4213:
3592:
3003:
2430:
2238:
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2004:. A study of pre-1933 Highland folklore references to kelpies, water horses and
1993:
1771:
1536:
1458:
1299:
1162:
1028:
819:
727:
The scientific community explains alleged sightings of the Loch Ness Monster as
646:
371:
84:
6207:
vol 205. No. 4402 pages 183–185 "Atmospheric Refraction and Lake Monsters"
1599:
speculated, based on size, that they might be seals that had entered the loch.
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3797:
2400:
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2286:
2266:
2183:
2075:
2005:
1986:
1931:
1886:
1687:
1590:
equipment were deployed across the width of the loch, and simultaneously sent
1571:
1556:
1482:
1375:
1344:
blog network on 10 July 2013, indicates all of them are not actual sightings.
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with his companions when he encountered local residents burying a man by the
789:
The earliest report of a monster in the vicinity of Loch Ness appears in the
6802:
5848:"Scientist wonders if Nessie-like monster in Alaska lake is a sleeper shark"
5641:
3440:
2365:
2209:
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1868:
may, it is thought, be responsible for the reported appearance of a 'Monster
1789:
1085:
997:
857:
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376:
206:
166:
123:
4412:"Do new pictures from amateur photographer prove Loch Ness Monster exists?"
1494:
In 1972, a group of researchers from the Academy of Applied Science led by
6177:
3276:
Abominable Science! Origins of the Yeti, Nessie, and Other Famous Cryptids
2050:
1885:
proposed that sightings of Nessie and similar creatures may be fermenting
1586:
Operation Deepscan was conducted in 1987. Twenty-four boats equipped with
5507:
5383:
5107:
Dinsdale, T. "Loch Ness Monster" (Routledge and Kegan Paul 1976), p. 171.
2390:
2340:
2200:
article, "Why the Loch Ness Monster is no plesiosaur", Leslie Noè of the
1801:
1738:
1595:
1524:
1503:
1388:
1285:
On 24 August 2011, Loch Ness boat captain Marcus Atkinson photographed a
1012:
611:
518:
443:
246:
236:
113:
5650:. Hobart, Tas.: National Library of Australia. 10 June 1856. p. 3.
5138:. Vol. 125, no. 43,063. Reuters. 19 December 1975. p. 78.
5091:
3690:"Police chief William Fraser demanded protection for Loch Ness Monster"
3535:
2501:
2455:
2420:
2395:
2315:
2310:
2083:
1996:
in Loch Ness was mentioned in an 1879 Scottish newspaper, and inspired
1850:
boat's, others report something not conforming to the shape of a boat.
1793:
1623:
1548:
1316:
1003:
Grant produced a sketch of the creature that was examined by zoologist
840:
798:
591:
386:
311:
271:
80:
4997:
Loch Ness, Nessie & Me: Loch Ness Understood and Monster Explained
17:
6324:
Project Water Horse. The true story of the monster quest at Loch Ness
6238:
5035:
5010:
2320:
2276:
2174:
Reconstruction of Nessie as a plesiosaur outside the Museum of Nessie
1981:
1935:
1903:
1797:
1785:
1734:
1638:
supported a survey of the Loch using an underwater robot operated by
1320:
823:
508:
276:
181:
5083:
4199:
Scottish Sailor Claims To Have Best Picture Yet Of Loch Ness Monster
4291:"An examination of the claims and pictures taken by George Edwards"
5968:"Loch Ness Monster is just a 'giant catfish' – says Nessie expert"
3403:"Hunting Monsters: Cryptozoology and the Reality Behind the Myths"
2704:, (1950) Abbey Press, Fort Augustus, cited by Tim Dinsdale (1961)
2169:
2049:
1890:
1411:
1295:
1286:
1145:. His analysis concluded it was a floating object, not an animal.
987:
802:
721:
286:
5704:"New DNA evidence may prove what the Loch Ness Monster really is"
57:
The "surgeon's photograph" of 1934, now known to have been a hoax
6756:, London, Geoffrey Bles, 1934 and paperback, Lyle Stuart, 1976,
3522:"Loch Ness-odjuret – Historien bakom bilden » Moderskeppet"
2242:
1708:
1528:
retouched from the original negatives. According to team member
1269:
aired it on 28 May 2007 and interviewed Holmes. Adrian Shine, a
1177:
In December 1954, sonar readings were taken by the fishing boat
1055:
969:
764:." Since the 1940s, the creature has been affectionately called
728:
448:
6726:
The Elusive Monster: An Analysis of the Evidence from Loch Ness
4624:"'Loch Ness Monster' spotted again! This time on drone footage"
4591:"'Loch Ness monster' spotted lurking near shore by wild camper"
4560:"Loch Ness Monster on Apple Maps? Why Satellite Images Fool Us"
3650:
The Elusive Monster: An Analysis of the Evidence From Loch Ness
2775:
Bro, Lisa; O'Leary-Davidson, Crystal; Gareis, Mary Ann (2018).
2086:. The tooth was a publicity stunt to promote a horror novel by
1816:, theorised that the monster is an unusually large specimen of
1277:, suggested that the footage was an otter, seal or water bird.
6798:
5878:"'Alaska lake monster' may be a sleeper shark, biologist says"
5443:"Loch Ness monster: remains of film model discovered by robot"
5210:"Veteran Loch Ness Monster Hunter Gives Up – The Daily Record"
4761:. London: Faber & Faber. pp. 30–60, 98–117, 160–173.
2876:"Adrian Shine on making sense of the Loch Ness monster legend"
2103:
1824:), which may have been released during the late 19th century.
1661:
1237:
and trusting dubious sources as evidence has been criticized.
5938:"Nessie hunter believes Loch Ness monster is 'giant catfish'"
4534:"Fallen branches 'could explain Loch Ness Monster sightings'"
1567:
connection to the sea and a possible entry for the creature.
1108:, who then announced that the monster had been photographed.
4866:
40 (1968): 564–566; "Sonar Picks Up Stirrings in Loch Ness"
4727:
Spector, Leo (14 September 1967). "The Great Monster Hunt".
1374:
On 19 April 2014, it was reported that a satellite image on
1011:
has suggested that Grant may have seen either an otter or a
864:
Alex Campbell, and described the creature as looking like a
49:
6742:, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1961, SBN 7100 1279 9
6081:"Movement of Water in Lakes: Long standing waves (Seiches)"
2031:; a prankster had used a hippopotamus-foot umbrella stand.
1570:
In 2008, Rines theorised that the creature may have become
3482:
Book review of Nessie – The Surgeon's Photograph – Exposed
1222:
In 1993, Discovery Communications produced a documentary,
3004:"Loch Ness Monster: Is Nessie just a tourist conspiracy?"
2637:
gives 9 June 1933 as the first usage of the exact phrase
1327:, they're probably just seeing three separate monsters."
932:
as evidently an influence on the Loch Ness Monster myth.
848:
shortly after popular interest in the monster increased.
5536:"Loch Ness monster could be a giant eel, say scientists"
3435:
3433:
3431:
2008:
indicated that Ness was the loch most frequently cited.
1774:
investigated the creature in 2013 as part of the series
914:
in 2013 proved his story to be fake. The university and
2128:
1976:
and author Bengt Sjögren wrote that present beliefs in
1054:
Since 1994, most agree that the photo was an elaborate
6782:
More Than a Legend: The Story of the Loch Ness Monster
5674:"Loch Ness Monster may be a giant eel, say scientists"
5503:"Loch Ness Monster may be a giant eel, say scientists"
4476:"Finally, is this proof the Loch Ness monster exists?"
4349:"Latest Loch Ness 'Sighting' Causes a Monstrous Fight"
2257:
proposed that Nessie and other lake monsters, such as
5735:"Loch Ness Contains No 'Monster' DNA, Say Scientists"
3824:"Loch Ness movie film & Loch Ness video evidence"
1058:. It had been described as fake in a 7 December 1975
910:-like dinosaur, evidence suggested by researchers at
6261:"Seismotectonic Origins of the Monster of Loch Ness"
6134:"The Earth-shattering Loch Ness Monster that wasn't"
5471:"First phase of hunt for Loch Ness monster complete"
5407:"Loch Ness Monster Is Found! (Kind of. Not Really.)"
5379:"Film's lost Nessie monster prop found in Loch Ness"
3851:
Discovery Communications, Loch Ness Discovered, 1993
2649:
Campbell, Elizabeth Montgomery & David Solomon,
1960:" ("with loud roaring"). The Loch Ness is along the
1437:
Loch Ness Phenomena Investigation Bureau (1962–1972)
735:, and the misidentification of mundane objects. The
4055:"Tourist Says He's Shot Video of Loch Ness Monster"
3258:
R. Mackal (1976) "The Monsters of Loch Ness" p. 85.
2779:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 377–399.
119:
109:
98:
90:
72:
62:
6770:, London, Faber & Faber, 1968, SBN 571 08473 7
6683:The Enigma of Loch Ness: Making Sense of a Mystery
5132:"Loch Ness Monster Shown a Hoax by Another Name".
4688:The Enigma of Loch Ness: Making Sense of a Mystery
3167:"Are Hunters Closing in on the Loch Ness Monster?"
2971:
1980:such as the Loch Ness Monster are associated with
1840:Misidentifications of inanimate objects or effects
5299:
5297:
4835:"The Glasgow Herald - Google News Archive Search"
4318:"Loch Ness Monster: George Edwards 'faked' photo"
3624:, revised edition, Penguin Books, 1975, pp. 44–45
2910:A Monstrous Commotion: The Mysteries of Loch Ness
2574:, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 200–201,
1499:sonar, he turned the light on and took pictures.
1445:(LNPIB) was a UK-based society formed in 1962 by
6797:. Produced & Directed by Christopher Jeans (
5103:
5101:
4944:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3863:"The Dinsdale Loch Ness Film. An Image Analysis"
3127:
3125:
3123:
3096:"Has the internet killed the Loch Ness monster?"
1104:for development. He sold the first photo to the
747:has placed particular emphasis on the creature.
5908:"Loch Ness Monster 'Most Likely Large Catfish'"
5600:(2017). "Loch Ness Solved – Even More Fully!".
5332:(1988) by the Editors of Time-Life Books, p. 90
4690:, p. 163 (University of Illinois Press, 1986).
3441:"The Loch Ness Monster and the Surgeon's Photo"
3230:"How scientists debunked the Loch Ness Monster"
6065:Burton, Maurice (1982). "The Loch Ness Saga".
6050:Burton, Maurice (1982). "The Loch Ness Saga".
6035:Burton, Maurice (1982). "The Loch Ness Saga".
5149:
5147:
5145:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4926:. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011
4677:5 October 1934, p. 12 Loch Ness "Monster" Film
4446:"New photo of Loch Ness Monster sparks debate"
4142:"Does sonar image show the Loch Ness Monster?"
6685:, Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1986
6422:"Loch Ness 'Monster' Is an April Fool's Joke"
5608:(6). Committee for Skeptical Inquiry: 59, 61.
5469:Gemmell, Neil; Rowley, Ellie (28 June 2018).
4803:"1969 Annual Report: Loch Ness Investigation"
4439:
4437:
2728:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2376:List of topics characterised as pseudoscience
2182:", a long-necked aquatic reptile that became
2137:that contextualizes different points of view.
1956:), the creature's emergence was accompanied "
1490:Robert Rines studies (1972, 1975, 2001, 2008)
673:
30:"Nessie" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
6735:, Buffalo, New York, Prometheus Books, 1985.
6552:"Why the Loch Ness Monster is no plesiosaur"
6483:"Loch Ness monster: The Ultimate Experiment"
6396:"Birth of a legend: Famous Photo Falsified?"
5436:
5434:
5372:
5370:
5368:
4731:. Cleveland, Ohio: The Penton Publishing Co.
4231:"Photos of the Loch Ness Monster, revisited"
3992:"Photos of the Loch Ness Monster, revisited"
3847:
3845:
1217:Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre
43:
6832:"Loch Ness: Fiction Is Stranger Than Truth"
3664:"Loch Ness Monster is real, says policeman"
3500:David S. Martin & Alastair Boyd (1999)
1770:Zoologist, angler and television presenter
839:In October 1871 (or 1872), D. Mackenzie of
6747:The encyclopaedia of the Loch Ness Monster
6451:
6449:
5766:"The Loch Ness Monster is still a mystery"
4878:"Scientists Plan All-Out Loch Ness Search"
3722:. Sansilke.freeserve.co.uk. Archived from
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2061:Loch Ness Monster: The Ultimate Experiment
1634:Adrian Shine of The Loch Ness Project and
1630:Adrian Shine and Kongsberg Maritime (2016)
1602:Sonar expert Darrell Lowrance, founder of
680:
666:
134:
6176:
5572:"Letter to America: The Benefit of Doubt"
5034:
4962:Townend, Lorne (writer/director) (2001).
3900:"Reflections on Tim Dinsdale's 1960 film"
3502:Nessie – the Surgeon's Photograph Exposed
3145:
3143:
2798:
2796:
2153:Learn how and when to remove this message
1068:, which contains a facsimile of the 1975
1066:Nessie – the Surgeon's Photograph Exposed
4957:
4955:
4503:"Loch Ness Monster found on Apple Maps?"
4224:
4222:
3931:"Views from Cyberspace a sort of f.a.q."
3464:
3462:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2825:The Mammoth Encyclopedia of the Unsolved
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
1443:Loch Ness Phenomena Investigation Bureau
1383:of a boat (with the boat itself lost in
1361:, was taking a picture of a swan at the
1015:and exaggerated his sighting over time.
6485:. Crawley-creatures.com. Archived from
5212:. Dailyrecord.co.uk. 13 February 2008.
5184:
5182:
4965:Loch Ness Monster: Search for the Truth
4264:"Follow up to the George Edwards Photo"
3768:. Aberdeen University Press. pp. 43–44.
2913:. Orion Publishing Group. p. 105.
2843:"Monster mania on Nessie's anniversary"
2836:
2834:
2832:
2551:"(Ann) an tòir air uilebheist Loch Nis"
2492:
2473:
1416:Loch Ness, reported home of the monster
1095:, and its head and neck were made from
1018:
146:
6596:from the original on 29 September 2018
5745:from the original on 10 September 2019
5714:from the original on 11 September 2019
5121:. No. 59,581. London. p. 13.
4937:
4482:from the original on 28 September 2013
4456:from the original on 24 September 2015
4049:
4047:
1677:High-Tech 2023 90th Anniversary Search
1511:), Hydroacoustics, Marty Klein of the
856:In 1888, mason Alexander Macdonald of
42:
6566:from the original on 23 February 2007
6109:The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake: Revisited
5684:from the original on 6 September 2019
5548:from the original on 6 September 2019
5515:from the original on 6 September 2019
4710:, p. 35 (Infobase Publishing, 2010).
4532:McKenzie, Steven (21 November 2014).
3804:from the original on 26 December 2017
3603:from the original on 13 February 2015
3161:
3159:
3108:from the original on 12 December 2019
3053:from the original on 11 December 2019
2888:from the original on 15 February 2020
2855:from the original on 11 December 2019
2188:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
2059:model used in the Five TV programme,
1513:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
464:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
7:
6733:The Loch Ness Monster – The Evidence
6083:. Biology.qmul.ac.uk. Archived from
5858:from the original on 23 January 2015
5654:from the original on 28 October 2021
5534:Weaver, Matthew (5 September 2019).
5343:"BBC 'proves' Nessie does not exist"
5009:Scott, Peter; Rines, Robert (1975).
4845:from the original on 28 October 2021
4392:from the original on 28 October 2020
4152:from the original on 17 October 2021
3971:from the original on 6 November 2023
3910:from the original on 5 November 2023
3879:from the original on 5 November 2023
3700:from the original on 28 October 2021
2629:
2627:
2588:from the original on 16 October 2021
2386:Loch Ness Monster in popular culture
1262:broadcast the video on 29 May 2007.
6777:, Santa Barbara, Capra Press, 1974.
6692:, Great Britain, Open Books, 1983,
6519:from the original on 29 August 2007
4876:Wilford, John Noble (28 May 1976).
4708:Loch Ness Monster: Fact or Fiction?
4380:Jauregui, Andres (26 August 2013).
4297:from the original on 8 October 2018
4171:McLaughlin, Erin (15 August 2012).
3766:The Loch Ness Monster: The Evidence
3634:Ness Information Service Newsletter
3572:from the original on 4 January 2015
3324:The Loch Ness Monster: The Evidence
3240:from the original on 13 August 2023
3079:. 11 September 2017. Archived from
3041:Campbell, Steuart (14 April 2013).
2557:from the original on 3 August 2020.
1926:Wind conditions can give a choppy,
1649:The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes
1620:Searching for the Loch Ness Monster
1611:Searching for the Loch Ness Monster
1391:-caused ripples, or floating wood.
1153:On 15 August 1938, William Fraser,
1119:Ness Information Service Newsletter
992:Sketch of the Arthur Grant sighting
6509:"Nessie swims in Loch for TV Show"
6463:from the original on 21 April 2010
5483:from the original on 21 April 2019
5441:Siddique, Haroon (13 April 2016).
5377:McKenzie, Steven (13 April 2016).
5307:. Firstscience.com. Archived from
5282:from the original on 11 March 2018
5246:from the original on 24 April 2015
5216:from the original on 24 March 2010
5167:from the original on 3 August 2020
4972:from the original on 20 April 2018
4815:from the original on 26 March 2021
4783:The Story of the Loch Ness Monster
4540:from the original on 22 April 2015
4501:Gander, Kashmira (19 April 2014).
4444:Baillie, Claire (27 August 2013).
4243:from the original on 23 April 2015
4002:from the original on 23 April 2015
3940:from the original on 24 April 2015
3830:from the original on 17 March 2010
3447:from the original on 6 August 2014
3382:Loch Ness Monster: A Burst Bubble?
3132:"Is this the Loch Ness Monster?".
3043:"Say goodbye to Loch Ness mystery"
2978:. Rosen Publishing Group. p.
2927:from the original on 5 August 2020
1719:Misidentification of known animals
1294:said that the image is a bloom of
1091:The toy submarine was bought from
956:Hugh Gray's photograph taken near
454:James Randi Educational Foundation
32:Loch Ness Monster (disambiguation)
25:
6728:, London, Rupert Hart-Davis, 1961
6434:from the original on 24 June 2021
6144:from the original on 4 April 2022
5978:from the original on 18 July 2015
5948:from the original on 18 July 2015
5918:from the original on 17 July 2015
5888:from the original on 5 March 2016
5828:from the original on 2 April 2015
5733:Tom Metcalfe (9 September 2019).
5353:from the original on 28 July 2018
4622:Linge, Mary (25 September 2021).
4570:from the original on 5 April 2015
4513:from the original on 30 July 2018
4422:from the original on 30 July 2018
4361:from the original on 10 July 2015
4262:Watson, Roland (20 August 2012).
4179:from the original on 7 March 2016
4117:. Scotlandontv.tv. Archived from
3209:from the original on 20 July 2023
2874:Searle, Maddy (3 February 2017).
2222:In response to these criticisms,
1875:In a 1982 series of articles for
1408:Edward Mountain expedition (1934)
6754:The Loch Ness Monster and Others
6402:from the original on 4 June 2011
6370:. 1 January 2009. Archived from
6364:"Invention of Loch Ness monster"
6263:. Gsa.confex.com. Archived from
6185:from the original on 6 July 2023
6138:Scientific American Blog Network
5405:Victor, Daniel (13 April 2016).
5305:"What is the Loch Ness Monster?"
4589:Gill, Kate (24 September 2021).
4328:from the original on 11 May 2015
4270:from the original on 6 July 2017
4089:"Fabled monster caught on video"
4069:from the original on 14 May 2013
4032:from the original on 10 May 2019
3959:Naish, Darren (24 August 2019).
3662:Casciato, Paul (28 April 2010).
3504:(East Barnet: Martin and Boyd).
2957:The Loch Ness Monster and Others
2289:
2123:to fringe sources and hypotheses
2108:
1942:that resembled a head and neck.
1686:drones to scan the surface; and
1426:The Loch Ness Monster and Others
1306:George Edwards photograph (2011)
1273:at the Loch Ness 2000 Centre in
6830:Darnton, John (20 March 1994).
6784:, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1957
6132:Bressan, David (30 June 2013).
6111:. Springer. pp. 130, 138.
5972:International Business Times UK
4478:. news.com.au. 28 August 2013.
4347:Gross, Jenny (5 October 2013).
3542:from the original on 8 May 2019
3228:Edwards, Phil (21 April 2015).
3197:"Did King Kong inspire Nessie?"
2841:Bignell, Paul (14 April 2013).
2512:from the original on 8 May 2019
801:was staying in the land of the
439:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
6775:The Loch Ness Monster Watchers
6714:, London, Zoilus Press, 2017,
6712:The Loch Ness Mystery Reloaded
5011:"Naming the Loch Ness monster"
4229:Naish, Darren (10 July 2013).
3898:Raynor, Dick (23 April 2010).
2568:Carroll, Robert Todd (2011) ,
2371:List of reported lake monsters
2023:In the 1930s, big-game hunter
1705:The Loch Ness Mystery Reloaded
1515:(MIT) and Klein Associates (a
1117:about the second photo by the
1:
6344:The Water Horses of Loch Ness
6326:(Routledge & Kegan Paul)
5199:. Academy of Applied Science.
4140:Love, David (21 April 2012).
4091:. 1 June 2007. Archived from
1780:, and concluded that it is a
1167:National Archives of Scotland
1086:Ian Colin Marmaduke Wetherell
1019:"Surgeon's photograph" (1934)
393:Reportedly haunted locations:
27:Mythical creature in Scotland
6870:Scottish legendary creatures
6690:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
6539:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
6011:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
5998:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
4656:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
3800:. YouTube. 19 January 2007.
3746:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
3360:A Fast Moving, Agile Beastie
3094:Hoare, Philip (2 May 2013).
2763:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
2743:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
2607:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
1737:) in a freshwater lake near
1701:The Loch Ness Mystery Solved
1370:Apple Maps photograph (2014)
1292:National Oceanography Centre
976:was lost. However, in 1963,
708:, is a mythical creature in
6749:, London, Robert Hale, 1999
4913:p. 307, see also appendix E
3386:The Illustrated London News
3326:. Prometheus Books. p. 33.
2234:Long-necked giant amphibian
2100:Exotic large-animal species
1332:National Geographic Channel
1133:. The film was obtained by
835:D. Mackenzie (1871 or 1872)
232:Electronic voice phenomenon
6886:
6820:Nova Documentary On Nessie
6768:The Great Orm of Loch Ness
6654:The Great Orm of Loch Ness
6457:"Loch Ness Monster Hoaxes"
5788:"National Geographic News"
3562:"Nessie's Secret Revealed"
3468:"A Fresh Look at Nessie",
2687:. 14 May 1945. p. 1.
1031:, it was published in the
852:Alexander Macdonald (1888)
29:
6667:The Monsters of Loch Ness
6641:The Monsters of Loch Ness
6616:The Monsters of Loch Ness
5680:. BBC. 5 September 2019.
5058:Lawton, John H. (1996). "
4911:The Monsters of Loch Ness
3934:lochnessinvestigation.com
3904:lochnessinvestigation.com
3870:lochnessinvestigation.com
3861:Shine, Adrian J. (2003).
3666:. reuters. Archived from
3423:The Monsters of Loch Ness
3280:Columbia University Press
2955:Gould, Rupert T. (1934).
2804:The Monsters of Loch Ness
2702:Loch Ness and its Monster
2635:Oxford English Dictionary
2416:Nahuel Huapi Lake Monster
1582:Operation Deepscan (1987)
1241:"Loch Ness Muppet" (1977)
48:
6669:pp. 141–142, chapter XIV
6382:13 November 2013 at the
4599:. London. Archived from
2959:. London: Geoffrey Bles.
2907:Gareth Williams (2015).
2720:Adomnán, p. 176 (II:27).
2451:Zegrze Reservoir Monster
2241:suggested a long-necked
1814:Guinness Book of Records
1479:University of Birmingham
1348:David Elder video (2013)
1323:. When people see three
1044:Discovery Communications
712:that is said to inhabit
504:Apparitional experiences
6825:Smithsonian Institution
6311:Aberdeen Weekly Journal
6290:(in Swedish). Settern.
6286:Sjögren, Bengt (1980).
5240:www.lochnessproject.com
5060:Nessiteras Rhombopteryx
4757:Holiday, F. W. (1968).
4354:The Wall Street Journal
3798:"The Loch Ness Monster"
3787:. The Museum of Hoaxes.
3778:"The MacNab Photograph"
3744:Binns, Ronald. (1983).
3652:. Hart-Davis. pp. 83–84
3487:14 January 2012 at the
3303:A Ring of bright water?
2970:Delrio, Martin (2002).
2269:; he cited the extinct
1541:Nessiteras rhombopteryx
1473:Sonar study (1967–1968)
1463:World Book Encyclopedia
1341:The Scientific American
562:Argument from ignorance
529:Out-of-body experiences
242:Extrasensory perception
104:Nessiteras rhombopteryx
36:Nessie (disambiguation)
6700:and Star Books, 1984,
6656:(Faber and Faber 1968)
6643:, pp. 138–139, 211–213
6630:9 December 1933, p. 14
6459:. Museumofhoaxes.com.
6163:Smith, Oliver (2023).
5195:23 August 2006 at the
3720:"Searching for Nessie"
3536:"Loch Ness Hoax Photo"
3443:. Museumofhoaxes.com.
3310:. 24 June 1982. p. 872
3202:The New Zealand Herald
2536:17 August 2016 at the
2175:
2063:
1912:1755 Lisbon earthquake
1828:Other resident animals
1417:
1210:Aeronautical engineer
1131:16 mm colour film
993:
894:
773:
701:
587:Communal reinforcement
54:
6614:Roy P. Mackal (1976)
6178:10.1344/co20233425-45
5776:on 22 September 2019.
5576:skepticlainquirer.org
5570:(11 September 2023).
3783:19 April 2017 at the
3408:5 August 2020 at the
3368:. 1 July 1982. p. 41.
3077:The Inverness Courier
2974:The Loch Ness Monster
2331:Chessie (sea monster)
2173:
2131:by rewriting it in a
2053:
1953:Life of Saint Columba
1415:
1173:Sonar readings (1954)
1149:William Fraser (1938)
1025:Robert Kenneth Wilson
991:
935:On 4 August 1933 the
890:
879:The Inverness Courier
567:Argumentum ad populum
499:Anomalous experiences
479:Scientific skepticism
297:Paranormal television
53:
6795:Secrets of Loch Ness
6665:R. P. Mackal (1976)
6639:R. P. Mackal (1976)
6374:on 27 December 2011.
6322:Tim Dinsdale (1975)
6025:17 August 1933 p. 12
5852:Alaska Dispatch News
5710:. 6 September 2019.
5627:Tim Dinsdale (1961)
5578:. Center for Inquiry
5511:. 5 September 2019.
5330:Mysterious Creatures
5236:"Operation Deepscan"
4924:"Photographic image"
4781:Tim Dinsdale (1973)
4204:7 March 2016 at the
3472:, v. 83, pp. 358–359
3421:R. P. Mackal (1976)
3083:on 21 February 2020.
2651:The Search for Morag
2502:"The Surgeon's Hoax"
2436:Selma (lake monster)
2351:Lake Tianchi Monster
2228:convergent evolution
1618:Monster was a myth.
1604:Lowrance Electronics
1502:On 8 August, Rines'
1395:Drone footage (2021)
1247:Anthony "Doc" Shiels
1224:Loch Ness Discovered
1206:Dinsdale film (1960)
1048:Loch Ness Discovered
944:construction of the
901:George Spicer (1933)
755:In August 1933, the
582:Cognitive dissonance
577:Begging the question
524:Ideomotor phenomenon
6731:Campbell, Steuart.
6537:R. J. Binns (1983)
6231:1981Natur.289..362L
5822:The Huffington Post
5792:National Geographic
5770:The Washington Post
5476:University of Otago
5155:"Martin Klein Home"
5076:1996Oikos..77..378L
5027:1975Natur.258..466S
4236:Scientific American
4197:McLaughlin, Erin, "
3996:Scientific American
3622:The Loch Ness Story
3149:T. Dinsdale (1961)
2553:. Am Faclair Beag.
2531:Life of St. Columba
2194:In an October 2006
2025:Marmaduke Wetherell
2002:Project Water Horse
1958:cum ingenti fremitu
1671:University of Otago
1547:called the name an
1535:British naturalist
1253:Holmes video (2007)
1185:Peter MacNab (1955)
1143:The Elusive Monster
984:Arthur Grant (1934)
912:Columbia University
872:Aldie Mackay (1933)
791:Life of St. Columba
785:Saint Columba (565)
702:Uilebheist Loch Nis
632:Scientific evidence
474:Scientific literacy
45:
6836:The New York Times
6780:Whyte, Constance,
6515:. 16 August 2005.
6427:The New York Times
6203:W. H. Lehn (1979)
5602:Skeptical Inquirer
5412:The New York Times
5268:educational.rai.it
5190:Loch Ness Findings
5135:The New York Times
4995:Harmsworth, Tony.
4909:Roy Mackal (1976)
4882:The New York Times
4418:. 26 August 2013.
4022:"Nessie sightings"
3205:. 17 August 2014.
2685:Edinburgh Scotsman
2653:(Tom Stacey 1972)
2176:
2064:
1640:Kongsberg Maritime
1545:Nicholas Fairbairn
1509:Kongsberg Maritime
1418:
1387:or low contrast),
1281:Sonar image (2011)
1267:News North Tonight
1169:on 27 April 2010.
1125:Taylor film (1938)
994:
751:Origin of the name
718:Scottish Highlands
342:Spirit photography
292:Paranormal fiction
217:Demonic possession
128:Scottish Highlands
55:
6860:Loch Ness Monster
6740:Loch Ness Monster
6724:Burton, Maurice,
6118:978-1-4020-8608-3
6069:. 07–08: 112–113.
5629:Loch Ness Monster
5188:Robert H. Rines.
4716:978-0-7910-9779-3
4566:. 22 April 2014.
4316:Alistair, Munro.
4175:. Gma.yahoo.com.
4028:. 21 April 2015.
3826:. Loch-ness.org.
3762:Campbell, Steuart
3696:. 27 April 2010.
3591:Tony Harmsworth.
3566:yowieocalypse.com
3389:. May, 27. p. 896
3344:Loch Ness Monster
3320:Campbell, Steuart
3288:978-0-231-15321-8
3151:Loch Ness Monster
3134:Inverness Courier
3029:Inverness Courier
2920:978-1-4091-5875-2
2706:Loch Ness Monster
2639:Loch Ness monster
2581:978-0-471-27242-7
2306:Bear Lake Monster
2261:, may be a large
2163:
2162:
2155:
2117:This article may
2037:Press Association
1898:Seiches and wakes
1656:DNA survey (2018)
1359:South Lanarkshire
1235:confirmation bias
811:sign of the cross
762:Loch Ness monster
710:Scottish folklore
704:), also known as
694:Loch Ness Monster
690:
689:
637:Scientific method
347:Spirit possession
162:Astral projection
133:
132:
44:Loch Ness Monster
16:(Redirected from
6877:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6773:Perera, Victor,
6766:Holiday, F. W.,
6681:Bauer, Henry H.
6670:
6663:
6657:
6650:
6644:
6637:
6631:
6625:
6619:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6590:www.nessie.co.uk
6582:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6548:
6542:
6535:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6505:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6453:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6430:. 2 April 1972.
6418:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6392:
6386:
6375:
6360:
6354:
6340:
6334:
6320:
6314:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6288:Berömda vidunder
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6239:10.1038/289362a0
6214:
6208:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6180:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6129:
6123:
6122:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6062:
6056:
6055:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6032:
6026:
6020:
6014:
6009:R. Binns (1983)
6007:
6001:
6000:plates 15(a)–(f)
5996:R. Binns (1983)
5994:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5974:. 16 July 2015.
5964:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5794:. Archived from
5784:
5778:
5777:
5772:. Archived from
5761:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5638:
5632:
5625:
5619:
5616:
5610:
5609:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5438:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5419:on 17 April 2016
5415:. Archived from
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5374:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5349:. 27 July 2003.
5339:
5333:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5301:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5274:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5206:
5200:
5186:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5166:
5159:
5151:
5140:
5139:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5114:
5108:
5105:
5096:
5095:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5038:
5036:10.1038/258466a0
5006:
5000:
4993:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4959:
4950:
4949:
4943:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4920:
4914:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4873:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4814:
4807:
4799:
4793:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4724:
4718:
4704:
4698:
4686:Henry H. Bauer,
4684:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4632:. Archived from
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4441:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4226:
4217:
4216:, 16 August 2012
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4063:Associated Press
4051:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3965:Tetrapod Zoology
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3867:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3794:
3788:
3775:
3769:
3759:
3753:
3750:Prometheus Books
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3659:
3653:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3538:. The UnMuseum.
3532:
3526:
3525:
3518:
3512:
3498:
3492:
3491:Douglas Chapman.
3479:
3473:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3437:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3396:
3390:
3375:
3369:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3334:
3317:
3311:
3296:
3290:
3272:Prothero, Donald
3265:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3173:. Archived from
3163:
3154:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3136:. 4 August 1933.
3129:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2977:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2838:
2827:
2822:
2807:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2772:
2766:
2759:
2746:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2721:
2718:
2709:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2680:
2674:
2661:, page 28 gives
2647:
2641:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2547:
2541:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2497:
2481:
2478:
2356:Lake Van Monster
2326:Champ (folklore)
2299:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2158:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2134:balanced fashion
2112:
2111:
2104:
1992:The kelpie as a
1972:In 1980 Swedish
1962:Great Glen Fault
1871:
1313:Nessie Hunter IV
1271:marine biologist
1245:On 21 May 1977,
1189:Peter MacNab at
1070:Sunday Telegraph
1061:Sunday Telegraph
952:Hugh Gray (1933)
946:Caledonian Canal
733:wishful thinking
682:
675:
668:
572:Bandwagon effect
469:Pseudoskepticism
459:Magical thinking
135:
102:Nessie, Niseag,
73:Similar entities
46:
21:
6885:
6884:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6850:
6849:
6840:
6838:
6829:
6816:
6807:A&E Network
6791:
6745:Harrison, Paul
6738:Dinsdale, Tim,
6710:Binns, Ronald,
6688:Binns, Ronald,
6678:
6673:
6664:
6660:
6651:
6647:
6638:
6634:
6626:
6622:
6613:
6609:
6599:
6597:
6584:
6583:
6579:
6569:
6567:
6550:
6549:
6545:
6536:
6532:
6522:
6520:
6507:
6506:
6502:
6492:
6490:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6466:
6464:
6455:
6454:
6447:
6437:
6435:
6420:
6419:
6415:
6405:
6403:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6384:Wayback Machine
6368:The Irish Times
6362:
6361:
6357:
6342:Watson, Roland,
6341:
6337:
6321:
6317:
6309:
6305:
6298:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6270:
6268:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6202:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6147:
6145:
6131:
6130:
6126:
6119:
6105:
6104:
6100:
6090:
6088:
6079:
6078:
6074:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6054:. 07–01: 41–42.
6049:
6048:
6044:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6021:
6017:
6008:
6004:
5995:
5991:
5981:
5979:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5951:
5949:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5921:
5919:
5906:
5905:
5901:
5891:
5889:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5861:
5859:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5831:
5829:
5824:. 28 May 2013.
5816:
5815:
5811:
5801:
5799:
5798:on 20 July 2009
5786:
5785:
5781:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5739:livescience.com
5732:
5731:
5727:
5717:
5715:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5687:
5685:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5657:
5655:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5626:
5622:
5617:
5613:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5581:
5579:
5568:Grossman, Wendy
5566:
5565:
5561:
5551:
5549:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5518:
5516:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5453:
5451:
5440:
5439:
5432:
5422:
5420:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5389:
5387:
5376:
5375:
5366:
5356:
5354:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5328:
5324:
5314:
5312:
5303:
5302:
5295:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5249:
5247:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5219:
5217:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5197:Wayback Machine
5187:
5180:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5143:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5099:
5084:10.2307/3545927
5057:
5056:
5052:
5008:
5007:
5003:
4994:
4985:
4975:
4973:
4961:
4960:
4953:
4936:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4908:
4904:
4894:
4892:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4862:
4858:
4848:
4846:
4839:news.google.com
4833:
4832:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4780:
4776:
4769:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4705:
4701:
4685:
4681:
4673:
4669:
4654:R. Binns (1983)
4653:
4649:
4639:
4637:
4636:on 10 July 2023
4621:
4620:
4616:
4606:
4604:
4603:on 10 July 2023
4596:The Independent
4588:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4507:The Independent
4500:
4499:
4495:
4485:
4483:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4459:
4457:
4443:
4442:
4435:
4425:
4423:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4395:
4393:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4228:
4227:
4220:
4206:Wayback Machine
4196:
4192:
4182:
4180:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4155:
4153:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4124:
4122:
4121:on 17 July 2010
4113:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4095:on 18 June 2007
4087:
4086:
4082:
4072:
4070:
4065:. 1 June 2007.
4053:
4052:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3990:Naish, Darren.
3989:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3943:
3941:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3807:
3805:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3785:Wayback Machine
3776:
3772:
3760:
3756:
3743:
3739:
3729:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3646:Burton, Maurice
3644:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3499:
3495:
3489:Wayback Machine
3480:
3476:
3467:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3429:
3420:
3416:
3410:Wayback Machine
3397:
3393:
3378:Burton, Maurice
3376:
3372:
3356:Burton, Maurice
3354:
3350:
3341:
3337:
3318:
3314:
3299:Burton, Maurice
3297:
3293:
3282:. pp. 142–144.
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3177:on 29 July 2019
3165:
3164:
3157:
3148:
3141:
3131:
3130:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3010:. 12 April 2013
3002:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2921:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2848:The Independent
2840:
2839:
2830:
2823:
2810:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2760:
2749:
2740:
2736:
2732:Adomnán p. 330.
2731:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2699:
2695:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2648:
2644:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2589:
2582:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2538:Wayback Machine
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2251:
2236:
2202:Sedgwick Museum
2168:
2159:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2129:help improve it
2126:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2014:
1970:
1948:
1924:
1922:Optical effects
1916:1761 aftershock
1900:
1869:
1856:
1847:
1842:
1830:
1810:
1800:, and possibly
1782:Greenland shark
1768:
1766:Greenland shark
1759:
1726:
1721:
1703:, and his 2017
1696:
1684:thermal imaging
1679:
1658:
1632:
1615:
1594:. According to
1584:
1530:Charles Wyckoff
1517:side-scan sonar
1496:Robert H. Rines
1492:
1475:
1451:R. S. R. Fitter
1439:
1430:Edward Mountain
1410:
1405:
1397:
1385:image stitching
1372:
1350:
1308:
1283:
1255:
1243:
1208:
1196:Weekly Scotsman
1191:Urquhart Castle
1187:
1175:
1159:Inverness-shire
1155:chief constable
1151:
1135:popular science
1127:
1093:F. W. Woolworth
1074:M. A. Wetherell
1021:
986:
972:. The original
954:
926:Donald Prothero
903:
874:
854:
837:
787:
782:
770:Scottish Gaelic
753:
698:Scottish Gaelic
686:
657:
656:
552:
544:
543:
514:False awakening
494:
484:
483:
429:
419:
418:
317:Psychic reading
252:Fortune-telling
192:Close encounter
157:
58:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6883:
6881:
6873:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6827:
6822:
6815:
6814:External links
6812:
6811:
6810:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6778:
6771:
6764:
6752:Gould, R. T.,
6750:
6743:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6708:
6686:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6658:
6652:Holiday, F.T.
6645:
6632:
6620:
6607:
6577:
6543:
6530:
6500:
6474:
6445:
6413:
6387:
6355:
6335:
6315:
6303:
6296:
6278:
6267:on 15 May 2010
6252:
6209:
6196:
6155:
6124:
6117:
6098:
6087:on 31 May 2009
6072:
6057:
6042:
6027:
6015:
6002:
5989:
5959:
5929:
5899:
5884:. 9 May 2012.
5869:
5854:. 3 May 2012.
5839:
5809:
5779:
5756:
5725:
5708:www.popsci.com
5695:
5665:
5647:Colonial Times
5633:
5620:
5611:
5589:
5559:
5526:
5494:
5461:
5430:
5397:
5364:
5334:
5322:
5311:on 4 June 2009
5293:
5257:
5227:
5201:
5178:
5141:
5124:
5109:
5097:
5070:(3): 378–380.
5050:
5001:
4983:
4951:
4915:
4902:
4868:
4856:
4826:
4794:
4774:
4767:
4749:
4734:
4729:Machine Design
4719:
4699:
4679:
4667:
4647:
4614:
4581:
4551:
4524:
4493:
4467:
4433:
4403:
4372:
4339:
4308:
4289:Raynor, Dick.
4281:
4254:
4218:
4190:
4163:
4132:
4106:
4080:
4043:
4013:
3982:
3951:
3929:Raynor, Dick.
3921:
3890:
3853:
3841:
3815:
3789:
3770:
3754:
3737:
3726:on 31 May 2009
3711:
3681:
3670:on 2 June 2016
3654:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3583:
3553:
3527:
3513:
3493:
3474:
3458:
3427:
3414:
3391:
3370:
3348:
3346:pp. 44–45
3335:
3332:978-1573921787
3312:
3291:
3268:Loxton, Daniel
3260:
3251:
3220:
3188:
3155:
3139:
3119:
3086:
3064:
3033:
3021:
2995:
2988:
2962:
2938:
2919:
2899:
2866:
2828:
2808:
2792:
2785:
2767:
2747:
2734:
2722:
2710:
2693:
2675:
2642:
2623:
2611:
2598:
2580:
2560:
2542:
2523:
2500:Krystek, Lee.
2491:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Stronsay Beast
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2381:Living fossils
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2284:
2281:
2250:
2247:
2235:
2232:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2116:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2013:
2010:
1969:
1966:
1947:
1944:
1923:
1920:
1899:
1896:
1883:Maurice Burton
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1829:
1826:
1822:Silurus glanis
1809:
1806:
1777:River Monsters
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1743:Outer Hebrides
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1695:
1692:
1678:
1675:
1657:
1654:
1631:
1628:
1614:
1608:
1592:acoustic waves
1583:
1580:
1576:global warming
1491:
1488:
1474:
1471:
1447:Norman Collins
1438:
1435:
1420:After reading
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1371:
1368:
1349:
1346:
1307:
1304:
1282:
1279:
1254:
1251:
1242:
1239:
1207:
1204:
1186:
1183:
1174:
1171:
1150:
1147:
1139:Maurice Burton
1126:
1123:
1020:
1017:
1005:Maurice Burton
985:
982:
978:Maurice Burton
953:
950:
902:
899:
873:
870:
853:
850:
836:
833:
786:
783:
781:
778:
752:
749:
688:
687:
685:
684:
677:
670:
662:
659:
658:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
602:Fringe science
599:
597:Falsifiability
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
536:
534:Parapsychology
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
495:
492:Parapsychology
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
430:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
411:
406:
404:United Kingdom
401:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
337:Retrocognition
334:
332:Remote viewing
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
202:Crystal gazing
199:
194:
189:
184:
182:Breatharianism
179:
174:
169:
164:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:
144:
143:
131:
130:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
100:
96:
95:
92:
91:First attested
88:
87:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6882:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6837:
6833:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6769:
6765:
6763:
6762:0-8065-0555-9
6759:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6744:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6723:
6721:
6720:9781999735906
6717:
6713:
6709:
6707:
6706:0-352-31487-7
6703:
6699:
6698:0-7291-0139-8
6695:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6668:
6662:
6659:
6655:
6649:
6646:
6642:
6636:
6633:
6629:
6624:
6621:
6617:
6611:
6608:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6581:
6578:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6556:New Scientist
6553:
6547:
6544:
6540:
6534:
6531:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6504:
6501:
6489:on 3 May 2008
6488:
6484:
6478:
6475:
6462:
6458:
6452:
6450:
6446:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6417:
6414:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6352:1-4611-7819-3
6349:
6345:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6332:0-7100-8030-1
6329:
6325:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6307:
6304:
6299:
6297:91-7586-023-6
6293:
6289:
6282:
6279:
6266:
6262:
6256:
6253:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6225:(5796): 362.
6224:
6220:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6200:
6197:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6171:(34): 25–45.
6170:
6166:
6159:
6156:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6128:
6125:
6120:
6114:
6110:
6102:
6099:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6073:
6068:
6067:New Scientist
6061:
6058:
6053:
6052:New Scientist
6046:
6043:
6039:. 06–24: 872.
6038:
6037:New Scientist
6031:
6028:
6024:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5993:
5990:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5933:
5930:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5903:
5900:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5840:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5760:
5757:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5729:
5726:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5666:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5615:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5590:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5560:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5530:
5527:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5495:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5465:
5462:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5401:
5398:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5323:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5278:
5271:
5269:
5261:
5258:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5163:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5136:
5128:
5125:
5120:
5113:
5110:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5021:(5535): 466.
5020:
5016:
5012:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4925:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4864:New Scientist
4860:
4857:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4811:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4791:0-426-11340-3
4788:
4785:Target Books
4784:
4778:
4775:
4770:
4768:0-571-08473-7
4764:
4760:
4753:
4750:
4745:
4738:
4735:
4730:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4696:0-252-01284-4
4693:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4663:0-7291-0139-8
4660:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4629:New York Post
4625:
4618:
4615:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4585:
4582:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4555:
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4528:
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4508:
4504:
4497:
4494:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4376:
4373:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4343:
4340:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4309:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4282:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4255:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4178:
4174:
4167:
4164:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4133:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4031:
4027:
4026:The Telegraph
4023:
4017:
4014:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3983:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3952:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3925:
3922:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3891:
3875:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3602:
3598:
3597:loch-ness.com
3594:
3587:
3584:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3510:0-9535708-0-0
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3470:New Scientist
3465:
3463:
3459:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3399:Naish, Darren
3395:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3365:New Scientist
3361:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:Tim Dinsdale
3339:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3307:New Scientist
3304:
3300:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2989:0-8239-3564-7
2985:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2903:
2900:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2867:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2802:Mackal, Roy.
2799:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2786:9781527510890
2782:
2778:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:J. A Carruth
2697:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2659:0-85468-093-4
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2609:pp 19–27
2608:
2602:
2599:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2540:(chapter 28).
2539:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2524:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2477:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Wani (dragon)
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Mokele-mbembe
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Lake Bumbunga
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:Gaasyendietha
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2272:Tullimonstrum
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2255:F. W. Holiday
2248:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2197:New Scientist
2193:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2154:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:elephant seal
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1978:lake monsters
1975:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1940:Lake Winnipeg
1938:of a rock on
1937:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:standing wave
1905:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1878:New Scientist
1873:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1858:In 1933, the
1853:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1807:
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1689:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1646:'s 1970 film
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:VisitScotland
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:echo sounding
1581:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
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1526:
1521:
1518:
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1505:
1500:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:, politician
1452:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:Fort Augustus
1360:
1356:
1355:East Kilbride
1347:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1275:Drumnadrochit
1272:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1101:water bailiff
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1029:gynaecologist
1026:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
990:
983:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
951:
949:
947:
941:
938:
933:
931:
927:
923:
922:
917:
916:Daniel Loxton
913:
909:
900:
898:
893:
889:
887:
883:
881:
880:
871:
869:
867:
863:
862:water bailiff
859:
851:
849:
847:
842:
834:
832:
830:
825:
821:
820:hagiographies
815:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:Saint Columba
796:
792:
784:
779:
777:
775:
771:
767:
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307:Preternatural
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6839:. Retrieved
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6598:. Retrieved
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6568:. Retrieved
6562:: 17. 2006.
6559:
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6521:. Retrieved
6512:
6503:
6491:. Retrieved
6487:the original
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6404:. Retrieved
6390:
6372:the original
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6187:. Retrieved
6168:
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6146:. Retrieved
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6089:. Retrieved
6085:the original
6075:
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6036:
6030:
6023:Daily Mirror
6022:
6018:
6013:plates 16–18
6010:
6005:
5997:
5992:
5980:. Retrieved
5971:
5962:
5950:. Retrieved
5942:scotsman.com
5941:
5932:
5920:. Retrieved
5911:
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5890:. Retrieved
5881:
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5860:. Retrieved
5851:
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5830:. Retrieved
5821:
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5800:. Retrieved
5796:the original
5791:
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5769:
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5747:. Retrieved
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5718:10 September
5716:. Retrieved
5707:
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5686:. Retrieved
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5658:16 September
5656:. Retrieved
5645:
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5628:
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5614:
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5601:
5598:Nickell, Joe
5592:
5580:. Retrieved
5575:
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5550:. Retrieved
5541:The Guardian
5539:
5529:
5517:. Retrieved
5506:
5497:
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5474:
5464:
5452:. Retrieved
5448:The Guardian
5446:
5421:. Retrieved
5417:the original
5410:
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5388:. Retrieved
5382:
5355:. Retrieved
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5313:. Retrieved
5309:the original
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4838:
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4797:
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4752:
4744:Daily Mirror
4743:
4737:
4728:
4722:
4707:
4706:Rick Emmer,
4702:
4687:
4682:
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4638:. Retrieved
4634:the original
4627:
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4605:. Retrieved
4601:the original
4594:
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4572:. Retrieved
4563:
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4542:. Retrieved
4527:
4515:. Retrieved
4506:
4496:
4486:25 September
4484:. Retrieved
4470:
4460:25 September
4458:. Retrieved
4450:The Scotsman
4449:
4426:25 September
4424:. Retrieved
4415:
4406:
4394:. Retrieved
4385:
4375:
4363:. Retrieved
4352:
4342:
4330:. Retrieved
4322:The Scotsman
4321:
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4284:
4272:. Retrieved
4257:
4245:. Retrieved
4234:
4193:
4181:. Retrieved
4166:
4154:. Retrieved
4146:Daily Record
4145:
4135:
4123:. Retrieved
4119:the original
4109:
4097:. Retrieved
4093:the original
4083:
4071:. Retrieved
4058:
4034:. Retrieved
4025:
4016:
4004:. Retrieved
3995:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3964:
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3933:
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3881:. Retrieved
3869:
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3832:. Retrieved
3818:
3806:. Retrieved
3792:
3773:
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3757:
3745:
3740:
3728:. Retrieved
3724:the original
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3693:
3684:
3672:. Retrieved
3668:the original
3657:
3649:
3641:
3636:, 1991 issue
3633:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3605:. Retrieved
3596:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3565:
3556:
3544:. Retrieved
3530:
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3449:. Retrieved
3422:
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3263:
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3233:
3223:
3211:. Retrieved
3200:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:the original
3171:The Scotsman
3170:
3150:
3133:
3110:. Retrieved
3101:The Guardian
3099:
3089:
3081:the original
3076:
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3047:The Scotsman
3046:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
3007:
2998:
2973:
2965:
2956:
2929:. Retrieved
2909:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2881:The Scotsman
2879:
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2846:
2824:
2803:
2776:
2770:
2762:
2742:
2737:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2683:"Up Again".
2678:
2670:
2666:
2663:an-t-Seileag
2662:
2650:
2645:
2638:
2619:Daily Mirror
2618:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2590:, retrieved
2570:
2563:
2545:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2508:. UNMuseum.
2506:unmuseum.org
2505:
2495:
2476:
2426:Plesiosauria
2297:Lakes portal
2270:
2263:invertebrate
2252:
2249:Invertebrate
2237:
2224:Tim Dinsdale
2221:
2195:
2177:
2149:
2140:
2132:
2121:undue weight
2118:
2091:
2080:
2065:
2060:
2056:Cryptoclidus
2054:
2046:
2033:
2029:hippopotamus
2022:
2018:
2015:
2001:
1998:Tim Dinsdale
1991:
1971:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1925:
1901:
1876:
1874:
1861:Daily Mirror
1859:
1857:
1848:
1831:
1821:
1818:Wels catfish
1811:
1808:Wels catfish
1775:
1769:
1760:
1747:
1730:European eel
1727:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1694:Explanations
1680:
1667:Neil Gemmell
1659:
1647:
1644:Billy Wilder
1633:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1601:
1585:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1540:
1534:
1522:
1501:
1493:
1476:
1442:
1440:
1425:
1422:Rupert Gould
1419:
1398:
1373:
1351:
1339:
1337:
1329:
1319:, but not a
1312:
1309:
1284:
1263:
1260:BBC Scotland
1256:
1244:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1212:Tim Dinsdale
1209:
1200:
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1178:
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1128:
1118:
1110:
1105:
1090:
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1077:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1046:documentary
1040:
1032:
1022:
1009:Darren Naish
1002:
995:
955:
942:
936:
934:
929:
928:later cited
919:
904:
895:
891:
885:
884:
877:
875:
855:
846:Rupert Gould
838:
816:
790:
788:
765:
761:
756:
754:
726:
705:
693:
691:
652:Urban legend
642:Superstition
622:Protoscience
617:Junk science
557:Anomalistics
434:Cold reading
392:
391:
367:Supernatural
357:Spiritualism
352:Spirit world
302:Precognition
187:Clairvoyance
103:
67:Lake monster
63:Sub grouping
40:
6789:Documentary
6398:. Pbs.org.
5882:Yahoo! News
5832:28 December
5688:9 September
5642:"Varieties"
5582:17 February
5552:6 September
5519:6 September
5454:14 February
5423:14 February
5390:14 February
5171:24 February
4849:15 November
4665:, pp. 36–39
4564:livescience
4301:1 September
4247:14 November
4214:Yahoo! News
3412:. Arcturus.
2745:, pp. 52–57
2592:15 November
2431:Sea monster
2267:bristleworm
2239:R. T. Gould
2208:said: "The
2186:during the
2088:Steve Alten
2074:model of a
2072:animatronic
2066:In 2004, a
2006:water bulls
1994:water horse
1987:plesiosaurs
1946:Seismic gas
1772:Jeremy Wade
1751:plesiosaurs
1688:hydrophones
1537:Peter Scott
1467:Achnahannet
1459:Peter Scott
1455:David James
1300:zooplankton
1163:harpoon gun
1027:, a London
886:The Courier
829:Oilliphéist
647:Uncertainty
372:Telekinesis
322:Psychometry
207:Conjuration
85:Altamaha-ha
6854:Categories
6600:31 October
5892:14 January
5250:29 January
4509:. London.
3975:6 November
3944:4 November
3914:4 November
3883:4 November
3764:. (1991).
3704:7 February
3648:. (1961).
3401:. (2016).
3380:. (1961).
3322:. (1997).
3274:. (2015).
3112:18 January
3057:18 January
3014:25 January
2931:18 January
2892:18 January
2859:18 January
2488:References
2401:Mishipeshu
2361:Lariosauro
2265:such as a
2180:plesiosaur
2166:Plesiosaur
2076:plesiosaur
1974:naturalist
1932:refraction
1887:Scots pine
1845:Boat wakes
1682:loch bed;
1557:plesiosaur
1483:transducer
1376:Apple Maps
1114:Roy Mackal
1106:Daily Mail
1097:wood putty
1078:Daily Mail
1034:Daily Mail
908:plesiosaur
866:salamander
807:River Ness
741:subculture
724:readings.
607:Groupthink
427:Skepticism
362:Stone Tape
267:Mediumship
222:Demonology
177:Bilocation
148:Paranormal
6803:Channel 4
6628:The Times
6523:12 August
5764:Knowles.
5119:The Times
5045:0028-0836
4890:0362-4331
4746:. London.
4675:The Times
4396:8 January
4274:20 August
4156:13 August
3694:Perth Now
3607:3 January
3576:3 January
3244:13 August
2765:pp. 11–12
2761:R. Binns
2741:R. Binns
2708:pp. 33–35
2667:an-Niseag
2605:R. Binns
2463:Footnotes
2366:Leviathan
2210:osteology
2206:Cambridge
2143:July 2023
1790:Greenland
1622:aired on
1179:Rival III
998:Abriachan
930:King Kong
921:King Kong
858:Abriachan
780:Sightings
714:Loch Ness
444:Debunking
377:Telepathy
227:Ectoplasm
197:Cold spot
167:Astrology
124:Loch Ness
6865:Cryptids
6809:, 1995).
6618:, p. 138
6594:Archived
6564:Archived
6517:Archived
6513:BBC News
6467:28 April
6461:Archived
6432:Archived
6400:Archived
6380:Archived
6183:Archived
6169:Coolabah
6148:12 April
6142:Archived
5976:Archived
5946:Archived
5916:Archived
5912:Sky News
5886:Archived
5856:Archived
5826:Archived
5743:Archived
5712:Archived
5682:Archived
5678:BBC News
5652:Archived
5546:Archived
5513:Archived
5508:BBC News
5487:21 April
5481:Archived
5384:BBC News
5351:Archived
5347:BBC News
5286:11 March
5277:Archived
5270:(p. 17)"
5244:Archived
5220:28 April
5214:Archived
5193:Archived
5162:Archived
4976:19 April
4970:Archived
4940:cite web
4930:18 April
4843:Archived
4810:Archived
4574:21 April
4568:Archived
4544:21 April
4538:Archived
4517:20 April
4511:Archived
4480:Archived
4454:Archived
4420:Archived
4390:Archived
4386:HuffPost
4359:Archived
4326:Archived
4295:Archived
4268:Archived
4241:Archived
4210:ABC News
4202:Archived
4183:11 April
4177:Archived
4150:Archived
4099:28 April
4073:28 April
4067:Archived
4059:Fox News
4036:21 April
4030:Archived
4006:21 April
4000:Archived
3969:Archived
3938:Archived
3908:Archived
3874:Archived
3834:28 April
3828:Archived
3802:Archived
3781:Archived
3752:. p. 102
3698:Archived
3674:28 April
3601:Archived
3570:Archived
3540:Archived
3485:Archived
3445:Archived
3406:Archived
3238:Archived
3207:Archived
3181:15 March
3106:Archived
3051:Archived
3008:BBC News
2925:Archived
2886:Archived
2853:Archived
2671:a-Mhorag
2586:archived
2555:Archived
2534:Archived
2516:21 April
2510:Archived
2391:Manipogo
2341:Jiaolong
2283:See also
2253:In 1968
2093:The Loch
1968:Folklore
1802:Scotland
1757:Elephant
1739:Leurbost
1728:A large
1596:BBC News
1525:rhomboid
1504:Raytheon
1403:Searches
974:negative
962:Labrador
612:Hypnosis
519:Hypnosis
247:Forteana
237:Exorcism
140:a series
138:Part of
114:Scotland
6570:8 April
6541:, p, 22
6438:19 June
6377:Alt URL
6346:(2011)
6247:4280555
6227:Bibcode
6205:Science
5982:17 July
5952:17 July
5922:17 July
5862:5 March
5357:4 April
5092:3545927
5072:Bibcode
5023:Bibcode
4640:10 July
4607:10 July
3213:20 July
2456:Lukwata
2421:Ogopogo
2396:Memphre
2316:Bigfoot
2311:Beithir
2277:dragons
2184:extinct
2127:Please
2084:muntjac
2068:Five TV
1794:Iceland
1741:in the
1669:of the
1624:BBC One
1572:extinct
1549:anagram
1317:manatee
1137:writer
937:Courier
841:Balnain
824:kelpies
795:Adomnán
757:Courier
716:in the
592:Fallacy
551:Related
387:Ufology
312:Psychic
272:Miracle
110:Country
81:Ogopogo
6841:29 May
6760:
6718:
6704:
6696:
6493:28 May
6406:28 May
6350:
6330:
6294:
6271:28 May
6245:
6219:Nature
6189:7 July
6115:
6091:28 May
5802:28 May
5631:p. 229
5315:28 May
5090:
5043:
5015:Nature
4895:15 May
4888:
4819:8 July
4789:
4765:
4714:
4694:
4661:
4365:5 June
4332:5 June
4125:28 May
3808:8 July
3730:28 May
3546:28 May
3508:
3451:28 May
3425:p. 208
3330:
3286:
3153:p. 42.
2986:
2917:
2783:
2657:
2578:
2321:Bunyip
2012:Hoaxes
1982:kelpie
1936:mirage
1904:seiche
1866:Foyers
1834:otters
1798:Norway
1786:Canada
1735:kelpie
1709:hoaxes
1613:(2003)
1321:mammal
958:Foyers
774:Niseag
766:Nessie
729:hoaxes
706:Nessie
509:Empath
277:Occult
142:on the
120:Region
18:Nessie
6243:S2CID
5280:(PDF)
5273:(PDF)
5165:(PDF)
5158:(PDF)
5088:JSTOR
5064:Oikos
4813:(PDF)
4806:(PDF)
4416:Metro
3877:(PDF)
3866:(PDF)
2468:Notes
2411:Morag
2259:Morag
2119:lend
1891:resin
1854:Trees
1713:might
1325:humps
1296:algae
1287:sonar
968:or a
966:otter
803:Picts
722:sonar
414:World
399:India
287:Ouija
262:Magic
77:Champ
6843:2009
6758:ISBN
6716:ISBN
6702:ISBN
6694:ISBN
6602:2007
6572:2007
6560:2576
6525:2012
6495:2009
6469:2010
6440:2021
6408:2009
6348:ISBN
6328:ISBN
6292:ISBN
6273:2009
6191:2023
6150:2022
6113:ISBN
6093:2009
5984:2015
5954:2015
5924:2015
5894:2017
5864:2015
5834:2014
5804:2009
5751:2019
5720:2019
5690:2019
5660:2013
5584:2024
5554:2019
5521:2019
5489:2019
5456:2024
5425:2024
5392:2024
5359:2010
5317:2009
5288:2018
5252:2015
5222:2010
5173:2020
5041:ISSN
4978:2018
4946:link
4932:2017
4897:2024
4886:ISSN
4851:2020
4821:2009
4787:ISBN
4763:ISBN
4712:ISBN
4692:ISBN
4659:ISBN
4642:2023
4609:2023
4576:2015
4546:2015
4519:2014
4488:2013
4462:2013
4428:2013
4398:2021
4367:2015
4334:2015
4303:2012
4276:2012
4249:2019
4185:2013
4158:2021
4127:2009
4101:2010
4075:2010
4038:2015
4008:2015
3977:2023
3946:2023
3916:2023
3885:2023
3836:2010
3810:2009
3732:2009
3706:2012
3676:2010
3609:2015
3578:2015
3548:2009
3506:ISBN
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