1694:
1602:, after being harvested. However, at post-harvest, the quality of the fruit is affected by storage factors. Low humidity levels, storage time, and incidences of mechanical damage can severely affect the quality of the fruit which would negatively affect the demand for such. In general, the fruit has a short shelf life in ambient conditions but implementing methods that can extend such is a productional advantage. Certain treatments like irradiation and the use of hot-forced air can help in fruit preservation although the former has seen more success.
63:
49:
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112:
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usually ripe in August and
September. The fragile fruit must ripen on the tree, then they are harvested over a four- to seven-week period. The fresh fruit are easily bruised and have a limited shelf life. An average tree may produce 5,000–6,000 or more fruit (60–70 kg or 130–155 lb per tree). Yields begin at 1.2 tonnes per hectare (0.5 tons/acre) in young orchards and may reach 20 tonnes per hectare (8 tons per acre) on mature trees. In
1706:
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1386:. Over 3,000 greenish-white flowers occur in male panicles, each with five to seven anthers and a nonfunctional ovary. Male flowers have yellow nectaries and five to seven stamens. About 500 greenish-yellow flowers occur in each hermaphroditic panicle. Each flower has six anthers, usually a bilobed stigma, and one ovule in each of its two sections (
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1042:
1460:
1481:. It is one of the best-known fruits of Southeast Asia and is also widely cultivated elsewhere in the tropics including Africa, southern Mexico, the Caribbean islands, Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, Panama, India, Vietnam, Philippines, and Sri Lanka. It is also produced in Ecuador where it is known as
472:, 3–6 cm (rarely to 8 cm) long and 3–4 cm broad, borne in a loose pendant cluster of 10–20 together. The leathery skin is reddish (rarely orange or yellow) and covered with fleshy pliable spines, hence the name, which means 'hairs'. The spines (also known as "spinterns") contribute to the
1450:
may occur in some cultivars, rambutans, like lychee, are dependent upon insects for pollination. In
Malaysia, where only about one percent of the female flowers set fruit, no fruit is set on bagged flowers while hand pollination resulted in a 13 percent fruit set. Pollinators may maintain fidelity to
1301:
Rambutans are adapted to warm tropical climates, around 22–30 °C, and are sensitive to temperatures below 10 °C. It is grown commercially within 12–15° of the equator. The trees grow well at elevations up to 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level and do best in deep soil, clay loam, or
1271:
In
Nicaragua, a joint World Relief–European Union team distributed seedlings to organizations such as Ascociación Pueblos en Acción Comunitaria in 2001 to more than 100 farmers. Some of these farmers saw the first production of rambutans from their trees in 2005–2006 with development directed at the
538:
in South
America. Subsequently, the plants spread to the tropical Americas, planted in the coastal lowlands of Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Trinidad, and Cuba. In 1912, rambutans were introduced to the Philippines from Indonesia. Further introductions were made in 1920 (from Indonesia)
1381:
Most commercial cultivars are hermaphroditic; cultivars that produce only functionally female flowers require the presence of male trees. Male trees are seldom found, as vegetative selection has favored hermaphroditic clones that produce a high proportion of functionally female flowers and a much
1404:
In
Malaysia, rambutan flowers from March to July and again between June and November, usually in response to rain following a dry period. Flowering periods differ for other localities. Most, but not all, flowers open early in the day. Up to 100 flowers in each female panicle may be open each day
1373:
In some areas, rambutan trees can bear fruit twice annually, once in late fall and early winter, with a shorter season in late spring and early summer. Other areas, such as Costa Rica, have a single fruit season, with the start of the rainy season in April stimulating flowering, and the fruit is
1275:
In the
Philippines, two cultivars of rambutans are distinguished by their seed. The common rambutan seed and fruit are difficult to separate, while the 'Maharlika Rambutan' fruit separates cleanly from its seed. The fruit taste and size of these two cultivars are identical, but the 'Maharlika
1263:
Compared to propagated rambutan clones, rambutans taken from the wild have a higher acidity and potential for various food purposes. In
Indonesia, 22 rambutan cultivars were identified as good quality, with five as leading commercial cultivars: 'Binjai', 'Lebak Bulus', 'Rapiah', 'Cimacan' and
2503:
2162:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1378:, 24 of 38 cultivated hectares (60 of 95 acres) were harvested producing 120 tonnes of fruit in 1997. Yields could be increased by improved orchard management, including pollination, and by planting high-yielding compact cultivars.
1976:
Arévalo-Galarza, M.L.; Caballero-Pérez, J.F.; Valdovinos-Ponce, G.; Cadena-Iñiguez, J.; Avendaño-Arrazate, C.H. (March 2018). "Growth and histological development of the fruit pericarp in rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.)".
1576:
The fruits are usually sold fresh and have a short shelf-life, and are commonly used in making jams and jellies, or canned. Evergreen rambutan trees with their abundant colored fruit make attractive landscape specimens.
1405:
during peak bloom. The initial fruit set may approach 25 percent, but a high abortion level contributes to a much lower level of production at harvest (1 to 3 percent). The fruit matures 15–18 weeks after flowering.
1239:
of female flowers and gather significant quantities of the sticky pollen from male blossoms. Little pollen has been seen on bees foraging female flowers. Although male flowers open at 06:00, foraging by
2209:
Gorinstein S, Zemser M, Haruenkit R, Chuthakorn R, Grauer F, Martin-Belloso O, Trakhtenberg S (1999). "Comparative content of total polyphenols and dietary fiber in tropical fruits and persimmon".
1289:
The fruit of the rambutan tree may be eaten raw by removing the peel, eating the pulp, and discarding the seed. Rambutan is most often used in desserts, such as sorbets and puddings, but also in
1032:
1260:
were developed from selected clones available throughout tropical Asia. Most of the cultivars are also selected for compact growth, reaching a height of only 3–5 m for easier harvesting.
1693:
2141:
1416:
Valley, is popular for its rambutan orchards. Their production comes to market in May, June, and July when it is very common to observe seasonal traders along the streets of
1451:
either male or hermaphroditic flowers (trees), thus limiting pollination and fruit set under natural conditions where crossing between male and female flowers is required.
1248:
is the preferred species for small-scale pollination of rambutan. Its hair is also helpful in pollination where pollen can be hooked on and transported to female flowers.
1895:. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. pp. 262–265.
2977:
1317:. Budded trees may fruit after two to three years with optimum production occurring after eight to 10 years. Trees grown from seed bear after five to six years.
3016:
3158:
2571:
401:. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to several other edible
1502:
1435:
Both male and female flowers are faintly sweet-scented and have functional nectaries at the ovary base. Female flowers produce two to three times more
2925:
2990:
2938:
1805:
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1439:
than male flowers. Nectar sugar concentration ranges between 18–47 percent and is similar between the flower types. Rambutans are an important
2759:
2462:
2174:
2026:
1066:(table; data are for canned fruit in syrup; raw fruit data are unpublished). In terms of nutritional content, the canned fruit contains only
1477:
Rambutan is a fruit tree cultivated in humid tropical
Southeast Asia. It is a common garden fruit tree and propagated commercially in small
3203:
2597:
2295:
Sun L, Zhang H, Zhuang Y (2012). "Preparation of free, soluble conjugate, and insoluble-bound phenolic compounds from peels of rambutans (
3168:
1681:
2169:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2018:
382:
2133:
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are available and in high demand. Usually, a single light brown seed is found, which is high in certain fats and oils (primarily
2964:
2088:
2995:
1801:
2188:
1669:
2129:
530:. There are limited rambutan plantings in some parts of India. In the 19th century, the Dutch introduced rambutans from
1705:
1518:, followed by Indonesia at 100,000 tonnes, and Malaysia, 60,000 tonnes. In Thailand, the major cultivation centers are
2834:
1599:
1954:
1657:
3178:
3104:
3021:
543:
111:
2529:. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 665: II International Symposium on Lychee, Longan, Rambutan and other Sapindaceae Plants
3183:
3173:
1153:
1264:'Sinyonya', with other popular cultivars including 'Simacan', 'Silengkeng', 'Sikonto' and 'Aceh kuning'. In the
2334:
Ong PK, Acree TE, Lavin EH (1998). "Characterization of
Volatiles in Rambutan Fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.)".
3109:
2369:
Kong, Fei Chai; Mohd Adzahan, Noranizan; Karim, Roselina; Rukayadi, Yaya; Mohd Ghazali, Hasanah (2018-07-31).
2815:
3188:
2912:
1722:
1581:
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Cross-pollination is a necessity because the anther is absent in most functionally female flowers. Although
576:
meaning 'hair' referring to the numerous hairy protuberances of the fruits, together with the noun-building
31:
2917:
2904:
3163:
2899:
2777:
1028:
437:, with three to 11 leaflets, each leaflet 5–15 cm wide and 3–10 cm broad with an entire margin.
2839:
2495:
2246:"Identification of major phenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. and their antioxidant activities"
1185:
Aromatic rambutan flowers are highly attractive to many insects, especially bees. Flies (Diptera), bees (
2548:
890:
456:
flowers and, hence, produce no fruit), female (producing flowers that are only functionally female), or
433:
tree growing to a height of 15–24 metres (49–79 ft). The leaves are alternate, 14–30 cm long,
228:
2943:
1530:. In Indonesia, the production center of rambutan is in the western parts of Indonesia, which includes
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62:
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1527:
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2049:"Physico-chemical characterisation of the fat from red-skin rambutan (Nephellium lappaceum L.) seed"
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1779:
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fruit—that is, they ripen only on the tree and appear not to produce a ripening agent, such as the
76:
1420:. Sri Lanka also has some off-season rambutan production in January and February in areas such as
1268:, commercial varieties include 'Chooi Ang', 'Peng Thing Bee', 'Ya Tow', 'Azimat', and 'Ayer Mas'.
3193:
3130:
3096:
3070:
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877:
857:
697:
515:
252:
106:
2551:. Centre for the Promotion of Imports, Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 14 February 2019
1829:
483:, is translucent, whitish, or very pale pink, with a sweet, mildly acidic flavor reminiscent of
48:
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is most intense between 07:00 and 11:00, tapering off rather abruptly thereafter. In Thailand,
3052:
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1990:
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and savory dishes. The flavor is similar to lychee and pairs well with other tropical fruits.
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523:
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2218:
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1982:
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1390:). The flowers are receptive for about one day but may persist if pollinators are excluded.
1302:
sandy loam rich in organic matter. They grow on hilly terrain where there is good drainage.
1191:
1157:
499:
347:
3008:
2672:"Comparison of Rambutan Quality after Hot Forced-air and Irradiation Quarantine Treatments"
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1890:
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1463:
1343:
1265:
1236:
1223:
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149:
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for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
3083:
2631:"Relative Humidity Influences Postharvest Browning in Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.)"
3078:
2272:
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1149:
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473:
244:
96:
91:
3135:
2852:
2371:"Selected Physicochemical Properties of Registered Clones and Wild Types Rambutan (
1646:. It has spread from there to parts of Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Central America.
1559:
1413:
1310:
1207:
1123:
1119:
1099:
1055:
639:
610:
17:
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2712:
2012:
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2809:
1486:
1213:
1186:
1134:
1115:
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595:(meaning 'messy hair'). The Chinese name is 红毛丹, literally 'red-haired pellet'.
551:
527:
398:
195:
2688:
2671:
2164:
1320:
The aril is attached to the seed in some commercial cultivars, but "freestone"
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1539:
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802:
768:
453:
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441:
185:
2800:
2697:
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2433:
2400:
1994:
460:(producing flowers that are female with a small percentage of male flowers).
2886:
2602:
2426:
Iica's Contribution to the Agricultural Sector in Trinidad and Tobago During
1639:
1635:
1631:
1611:
1551:
1471:
1202:
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916:
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Around the 13th to 15th centuries, Arab traders, who played a major role in
434:
430:
205:
3122:
2355:
2320:
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2230:
2184:
2074:
3044:
550:, Indonesia in 1906, but the species proved to be unsuccessful, except in
539:
and 1930 (from Malaya), but until the 1950s its distribution was limited.
3117:
2794:
2428:. Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura: 86. 1994.
1727:
1623:
1619:
1573:
annually, enabling a year-round supply from numerous tropical suppliers.
1467:
1447:
1425:
1408:
Rambutan cultivation in Sri Lanka mainly consists of small home gardens.
1321:
1306:
1257:
1161:
751:
535:
519:
503:
162:
2713:"Morphological characteristics of flower and fruit in several rambutan (
2930:
2860:
2244:
Thitilertdecha N, Teerawutgulrag A, Kilburn JD, Rakariyatham N (2010).
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1732:
1627:
1535:
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449:
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577:
410:
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175:
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1459:
1332:) valuable to industry, and used in cooking and the manufacture of
2969:
2891:
1580:
In India, rambutan is imported from Thailand, as well as grown in
1570:
1515:
1507:
1458:
1342:
1290:
1232:
1231:
colonies foraging on rambutan flowers produce large quantities of
1091:
1040:
484:
469:
123:
1531:
1356:
1333:
968:
547:
480:
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15–30 cm wide. Rambutan trees can be male (producing only
1750:
1748:
1401:. An annual rambutan fair is held during August harvest time.
1063:
673:
490:
The single seed is glossy brown, 1–1.3 cm, with a white
365:
1699:'Rambutan Binjai', one of the leading cultivars in Indonesia
1492:
As of 2014, Thailand was the largest producer of rambutans (
1145:(42%) acids, respectively, are the highest in fat content.
580:
571:
371:
2134:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
502:, the seed may be cooked and eaten, but is bitter and has
1565:
During 2017 and years before, imports of rambutan to the
353:
2670:
Follett, Peter A.; Sanxter, Suzanne S. (December 2000).
1336:. Rambutan roots, bark, and leaves have various uses in
1955:"Rambutan Growing Tips: Learn About Rambutan Tree Care"
2299:) and evaluation of antioxidant activities in vitro".
1931:
2629:
Landrigan, M.; Morris, S.C.; Gibb, K.S. (June 1996).
2109:
Siong Kiat Tan; Keng Soon Chua; Kok Peng Lim (2019).
1610:
The center of genetic diversity for rambutans is the
1554:
have been known as rambutan production centers since
383:
374:
2572:"Thailand wants to export Rambutan, longan to India"
476:
of the fruit, which can affect the fruit's quality.
368:
362:
350:
30:
This article is about the tree. For the cipher, see
2784:
1004:
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855:
834:
817:
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729:
694:
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652:
636:
622:
617:
542:There was an attempt to introduce rambutans to the
359:
356:
2166:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2112:MINNAN (HOKKIEN) BOTANICAL NAMES USED IN SINGAPORE
2047:Manaf YN, Marikkar JM, Long K, Ghazali HM (2013).
1393:In Thailand, rambutan trees were first planted in
2375:L.) Fruits and Their Potentials in Food Products"
1235:. Bees foraging for nectar routinely contact the
867:
741:
590:
397:) is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family
1276:Rambutan' is more popular with a higher price.
1195:) are the main pollinators. Among the Diptera,
2717:) cultivars in Serang City, Banten, Indonesia"
1780:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T33266A67808476.en
1201:spp. are abundant, and among the Hymenoptera,
1126:. Rambutan seeds contain equal proportions of
1078:in a 100 gram reference amount (table). Other
618:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
2721:Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
2527:"Rambutan and Longan Production in Indonesia"
2496:"Rambutan: The hairy cousin from the tropics"
2006:
2004:
8:
2422:"Third Regional Workshop on Tropical Fruits"
1614:region. They have been widely cultivated in
603:
494:scar. Soft and containing equal portions of
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
1926:
1924:
1922:
468:The fruit is a round to oval single-seeded
2772:
2130:United States Food and Drug Administration
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
711:
602:
85:
61:
47:
38:
2732:
2687:
2646:
2447:Agar, Charles; Eveland, Jennifer (2005).
2390:
2271:
2261:
2064:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1778:
1687:Unripe rambutan fruits in the Philippines
2748:Paull, Robert E.; Duarte, Odilo (2012).
2598:"Farmers taking to Rambutan cultivation"
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1397:in 1926 by the Chinese Malay K. Vong in
1152:of rambutan fruit derives from numerous
1094:, rambutan does not contain significant
2596:Kuttoor, Radhakrishnan (28 June 2009).
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2042:
2040:
2038:
1806:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1744:
1653:
265:
1675:Ripe yellow rambutan fruit in Malaysia
1546:(habitation yards) in the villages of
440:The flowers are small, 2.5–5 mm,
2570:Shantanu Nandan Sharma (2006-05-07).
1824:
1822:
1382:lower number of flowers that produce
7:
3032:6014bb1d-36c6-4acf-8474-204c2faca511
2711:Windarsih, G.; Muhammad, E. (2019).
3159:IUCN Red List least concern species
1934:. Panoramic Fruit Farm, Puerto Rico
1766:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
56:Unpeeled and peeled rambutan fruit
1932:"The Rambutan Information Website"
25:
2019:Food and Agriculture Organization
2011:Tindall, H. D. (1 January 1994).
1054:Rambutan fruit is 78% water, 21%
3110:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:783833-1
2313:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02548.x
1987:10.17660/actahortic.2018.1194.25
1704:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1663:Young rambutan fruit in Malaysia
1656:
1355:
1070:at a moderate level (16% of the
609:
346:
110:
2191:from the original on 2024-05-09
2144:from the original on 2024-03-27
1340:and in the production of dyes.
1045:A cluster of yellowish rambutan
2549:"Exporting rambutan to Europe"
1839:. World Flora Consortium. 2023
448:, and borne in erect terminal
1:
2223:10.1016/s0955-2863(99)00017-0
1953:Grant, Amy (19 April 2021).
1542:. In Java, the orchards and
1305:Rambutans are propagated by
1027:Percentages estimated using
604:Rambutan, canned, syrup pack
3204:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2494:Le Bellec, F. (June 2014).
2089:"Vietnamese tropical fruit"
1582:the Pathanamthitta District
1558:, with a trading center in
1508:
1020:Link to USDA Database entry
546:, with seeds imported from
3220:
3169:Fruits originating in Asia
2689:10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1315
2118:. University of Singapore.
1154:volatile organic compounds
1098:content, but its colorful
628:343 kJ (82 kcal)
544:Southeastern United States
518:, introduced rambutans to
29:
2648:10.21273/hortsci.31.3.417
2392:10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-16
2263:10.3390/molecules15031453
1584:of the southern state of
1497:
1090:As an un-pigmented fruit
1026:
1016:
1012:
988:
980:
851:
847:
725:
721:
714:
710:
690:
686:
666:
662:
632:
608:
258:
251:
234:
227:
107:Scientific classification
105:
83:
74:
69:
60:
55:
46:
41:
2450:Frommer's Southeast Asia
1711:Three colors of rambutan
1347:Rambutan before ripening
1227:are the major visitors.
2734:10.13057/biodiv/d200537
1892:Fruits of Warm Climates
1723:List of culinary fruits
1029:US recommendations
32:Rambutan (cryptography)
1889:Morton, J. F. (1987).
1474:
1443:for bees in Malaysia.
1348:
1074:), while providing 82
1046:
1033:the National Academies
591:
581:
572:
534:in Southeast Asia, to
2455:John Wiley & Sons
1802:"Nephelium lappaceum"
1773:: e.T33266A67808476.
1485:and on the island of
1462:
1346:
1062:, and has negligible
1044:
716:Vitamins and minerals
479:The fruit flesh, the
27:Southeast Asian fruit
2014:Rambutan Cultivation
1957:. Gardening Know How
1755:Barstow, M. (2017).
1528:Surat Thani Province
1520:Chanthaburi Province
1338:traditional medicine
1082:are at a low level.
566:is derived from the
3071:Nephelium lappaceum
2816:Nephelium lappaceum
2786:Nephelium lappaceum
2715:Nephelium lappaceum
2373:Nephelium lappaceum
2297:Nephelium lappaceum
1832:Nephelium lappaceum
1759:Nephelium lappaceum
1514:), growing 450,000
1466:rambutan seller in
1412:, a village in the
605:
394:Nephelium lappaceum
270:Dimocarpus crinitus
238:Nephelium lappaceum
77:Conservation status
18:Nephelium lappaceum
2576:The Economic Times
2066:10.5650/jos.62.335
1979:Acta Horticulturae
1837:World Flora Online
1591:Rambutans are not
1475:
1368:Rambutan cut open
1349:
1047:
994:Other constituents
589:, they are called
516:Indian Ocean trade
310:Nephelium rambutan
294:Nephelium obovatum
286:Euphoria nephelium
3179:Trees of Thailand
3146:
3145:
3053:Open Tree of Life
2778:Taxon identifiers
2761:978-1-84593-789-8
2464:978-0-7645-7829-8
2348:10.1021/jf970665t
2336:J Agric Food Chem
2176:978-0-309-48834-1
2028:978-92-5-103325-8
1981:(1194): 165–172.
1569:were about 1,000
1562:, South Jakarta.
1524:Chumphon Province
1506:
1166:phenylacetic acid
1102:displays diverse
1039:
1038:
984:
983:
339:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
302:Nephelium pallens
298:
290:
282:
274:
220:N. lappaceum
100:
16:(Redirected from
3211:
3184:Trees of Malesia
3174:Medicinal plants
3139:
3138:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3035:
3034:
3025:
3024:
3012:
3011:
2999:
2998:
2986:
2985:
2973:
2972:
2960:
2959:
2947:
2946:
2934:
2933:
2921:
2920:
2908:
2907:
2895:
2894:
2882:
2881:
2869:
2868:
2856:
2855:
2843:
2842:
2830:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2773:
2766:
2765:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2691:
2682:(7): 1315–1318.
2667:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2606:. Archived from
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2506:. pp. 28–33
2502:. No. 223.
2491:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2418:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2385:(7): 1483–1490.
2379:Sains Malaysiana
2366:
2360:
2359:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2265:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2044:
2033:
2032:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1928:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1752:
1708:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1556:the colonial era
1513:
1501:
1499:
1359:
1158:beta-damascenone
871:
822:
806:
789:
772:
755:
745:
712:
613:
606:
594:
585:. Similarly, in
584:
575:
500:unsaturated fats
405:, including the
387:
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
328:
320:
318:Scytalia crinita
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
240:
115:
114:
94:
89:
88:
70:Rambutan fruits
65:
51:
39:
21:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3040:Observation.org
3038:
3030:
3028:
3020:
3015:
3007:
3002:
2994:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2968:
2963:
2955:
2950:
2942:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2903:
2898:
2890:
2885:
2877:
2872:
2864:
2859:
2851:
2846:
2838:
2833:
2825:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2780:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2751:Tropical Fruits
2747:
2746:
2742:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2493:
2492:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2457:. p. 158.
2446:
2445:
2441:
2420:
2419:
2408:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2307:(2): C198–204.
2294:
2293:
2289:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2194:
2192:
2177:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2046:
2045:
2036:
2029:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1900:
1888:
1887:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1700:
1697:
1688:
1685:
1676:
1673:
1664:
1661:
1652:
1644:the Philippines
1618:areas, such as
1608:
1548:Greater Jakarta
1457:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1299:
1287:
1282:
1266:Malay Peninsula
1254:
1183:
1178:
1088:
1052:
1022:
1017:
975:
962:
949:
936:
923:
910:
897:
884:
872:
842:
829:
820:
812:
804:
796:
787:
779:
770:
762:
753:
746:
717:
706:
701:
682:
677:
648:
643:
601:
560:
512:
466:
427:
403:tropical fruits
385:
349:
345:
335:
326:Scytalia rimosa
278:Euphoria glabra
264:
263:
247:
242:
236:
223:
109:
101:
90:
86:
79:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3189:Tropical fruit
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3136:wfo-0000381268
3127:
3114:
3101:
3088:
3075:
3062:
3049:
3036:
3026:
3013:
3000:
2987:
2974:
2961:
2948:
2935:
2922:
2909:
2896:
2883:
2870:
2857:
2844:
2831:
2821:
2806:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2740:
2703:
2662:
2641:(3): 417–418.
2621:
2610:on 24 May 2012
2588:
2562:
2540:
2525:R. Poerwanto.
2517:
2477:
2463:
2439:
2406:
2361:
2342:(2): 611–615.
2326:
2287:
2256:(3): 1453–65.
2236:
2211:J Nutr Biochem
2201:
2175:
2154:
2121:
2101:
2080:
2034:
2027:
2000:
1968:
1945:
1898:
1850:
1818:
1793:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1616:southeast Asia
1607:
1604:
1567:European Union
1522:, followed by
1456:
1453:
1364:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1330:arachidic acid
1298:
1295:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1272:local market.
1256:Well over 200
1253:
1250:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1104:phenolic acids
1087:
1086:Phytochemicals
1084:
1080:micronutrients
1051:
1048:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1002:
1001:
996:
990:
989:
986:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
973:
971:
965:
964:
960:
958:
952:
951:
947:
945:
939:
938:
934:
932:
926:
925:
921:
919:
913:
912:
908:
906:
900:
899:
895:
893:
887:
886:
882:
880:
874:
873:
866:
861:
853:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
840:
838:
832:
831:
827:
825:
815:
814:
810:
808:
799:
798:
794:
792:
782:
781:
777:
775:
765:
764:
760:
758:
748:
747:
740:
735:
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:
708:
707:
704:
702:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
680:
678:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
650:
649:
646:
644:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
626:
620:
619:
615:
614:
600:
597:
559:
556:
511:
508:
465:
462:
458:hermaphroditic
426:
423:
337:
336:
334:
333:
332:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
261:
260:
259:
256:
255:
249:
248:
243:
232:
231:
225:
224:
217:
215:
211:
210:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
166:
165:
160:
153:
152:
147:
140:
139:
134:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
103:
102:
84:
81:
80:
75:
72:
71:
67:
66:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3216:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:Edible fruits
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:(6): 367–71.
2216:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2158:
2155:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2105:
2102:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2059:(6): 335–43.
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1969:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:plant hormone
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1441:nectar source
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1366:
1358:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1219:stingless bee
1216:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1189:), and ants (
1188:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1170:cinnamic acid
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:The pleasant
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:ellagic acids
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:carbohydrates
1049:
1043:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
995:
991:
987:
979:
972:
970:
966:
959:
957:
953:
946:
944:
940:
933:
931:
927:
920:
918:
914:
907:
905:
901:
894:
892:
888:
881:
879:
875:
870:
865:
862:
860:
859:
854:
850:
846:
839:
837:
833:
826:
824:
816:
809:
807:
800:
793:
791:
783:
776:
774:
769:Riboflavin (B
766:
759:
757:
749:
744:
739:
736:
734:
733:
728:
724:
720:
713:
709:
703:
700:
699:
693:
689:
685:
679:
676:
675:
669:
665:
661:
657:
655:
654:Dietary fiber
651:
645:
642:
641:
640:Carbohydrates
635:
631:
627:
625:
621:
616:
612:
607:
598:
596:
593:
588:
583:
579:
574:
569:
565:
557:
555:
553:
549:
545:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
509:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
477:
475:
474:transpiration
471:
463:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:
390:
389:
379:
343:
327:
324:
319:
316:
311:
308:
303:
300:
295:
292:
287:
284:
279:
276:
271:
268:
267:
266:
257:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
233:
230:
229:Binomial name
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92:Least Concern
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2608:the original
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1811:18 September
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1606:Distribution
1590:
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1560:Pasar Minggu
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1414:Kelani River
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1208:Apis dorsata
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3199:Fruit trees
3084:kew-2382804
2952:iNaturalist
2810:Wikispecies
2676:HortScience
2635:HortScience
2555:24 February
1786:19 November
1593:climacteric
1487:Puerto Rico
1395:Surat Thani
1297:Cultivation
1187:Hymenoptera
1181:Pollination
1135:fatty acids
1132:unsaturated
1072:Daily Value
752:Thiamine (B
599:Composition
552:Puerto Rico
528:East Africa
425:Description
399:Sapindaceae
196:Sapindaceae
150:Angiosperms
3153:Categories
3079:Plant List
2301:J Food Sci
2195:2024-06-21
2148:2024-03-28
2053:J Oleo Sci
1739:References
1612:Indonesian
1544:pekarangan
1540:Kalimantan
1483:achotillo,
1455:Production
1430:Monaragala
1399:Ban Na San
1326:oleic acid
1217:) and the
1203:honey bees
1192:Solenopsis
1141:(34%) and
1106:, such as
1096:polyphenol
930:Phosphorus
186:Sapindales
3194:Nephelium
2918:200013210
2905:200013210
2698:0018-5345
2657:0018-5345
2603:The Hindu
2434:0253-4746
2401:0126-6039
2250:Molecules
2094:7 October
1995:0567-7572
1640:Singapore
1636:Indonesia
1632:Sri Lanka
1552:West Java
1472:Indonesia
1322:cultivars
1258:cultivars
1252:Varieties
1246:A. cerana
1242:A. cerana
1229:A. cerana
1214:A. cerana
1150:fragrance
1139:arachidic
1128:saturated
1068:manganese
1050:Nutrients
943:Potassium
917:Manganese
904:Magnesium
836:Vitamin C
819:Folate (B
803:Vitamin B
786:Niacin (B
592:chôm chôm
562:The name
558:Etymology
532:Indonesia
496:saturated
454:staminate
446:discoidal
442:apetalous
431:evergreen
429:It is an
214:Species:
207:Nephelium
120:Kingdom:
42:Rambutan
3123:50009191
3118:Tropicos
2983:10589835
2970:783834-1
2795:Wikidata
2754:. CABI.
2500:FruiTrop
2356:10554286
2321:22250923
2282:20335993
2231:15539312
2189:Archived
2185:30844154
2142:Archived
2132:(2024).
2075:23728324
1728:Pomology
1717:See also
1624:Thailand
1620:Malaysia
1600:ethylene
1479:orchards
1468:Semarang
1464:Javanese
1448:apomixis
1426:Medagama
1307:grafting
1285:Culinary
1162:vanillin
1137:, where
1112:coumaric
1108:syringic
1076:calories
999:Quantity
924:0.343 mg
864:Quantity
858:Minerals
797:1.352 mg
780:0.022 mg
763:0.013 mg
738:Quantity
732:Vitamins
564:rambutan
536:Suriname
520:Zanzibar
504:narcotic
450:panicles
342:Rambutan
321:Raeusch.
313:Schnizl.
253:Synonyms
192:Family:
163:Eudicots
97:IUCN 3.1
2931:5421126
2861:Ecocrop
2801:Q476864
2533:11 July
2510:11 July
2273:6257335
1961:22 July
1938:25 June
1843:30 June
1733:Pulasan
1650:Gallery
1628:Myanmar
1536:Sumatra
1505::
1418:Colombo
1410:Malwana
1388:locules
1315:budding
1291:curries
1224:Trigona
1198:Lucilia
1176:Ecology
1120:caffeic
1060:protein
976:0.08 mg
898:0.35 mg
878:Calcium
813:0.02 mg
698:Protein
647:20.87 g
587:Vietnam
510:History
435:pinnate
419:quenepa
415:pulasan
202:Genus:
182:Order:
124:Plantae
95: (
3092:PLANTS
3058:918468
3045:369588
3029:NZOR:
3022:151071
2996:506073
2957:278605
2879:595297
2840:425313
2827:177499
2824:APDB:
2758:
2696:
2655:
2614:8 June
2581:8 June
2461:
2432:
2399:
2354:
2319:
2280:
2270:
2229:
2183:
2173:
2073:
2025:
1993:
1642:, and
1586:Kerala
1571:tonnes
1538:, and
1516:tonnes
1437:nectar
1428:, and
1422:Bibile
1384:pollen
1376:Hawaii
1313:, and
1237:stigma
1221:genus
1168:, and
1122:, and
1116:gallic
1008:78.3 g
956:Sodium
843:4.9 mg
705:0.65 g
681:0.21 g
624:Energy
578:suffix
573:rambut
485:grapes
417:, and
411:longan
407:lychee
305:Radlk.
176:Rosids
3097:NELA7
3009:33266
2978:IRMNG
2944:25188
2892:NEELA
2853:46YB4
2727:(5).
2504:CIRAD
2116:(PDF)
1233:honey
1143:oleic
1092:flesh
1058:, 1%
1005:Water
963:11 mg
950:42 mg
885:22 mg
658:0.9 g
570:word
568:Malay
524:Pemba
492:basal
470:drupe
464:Fruit
329:Roxb.
297:Ridl.
281:Blume
273:Lour.
170:Clade
157:Clade
144:Clade
131:Clade
3105:POWO
3066:PfaF
3017:NCBI
3004:IUCN
2991:ITIS
2965:IPNI
2939:GRIN
2926:GBIF
2887:EPPO
2866:1528
2835:BOLD
2756:ISBN
2694:ISSN
2653:ISSN
2616:2012
2583:2012
2557:2021
2535:2015
2512:2019
2472:2010
2459:ISBN
2430:ISSN
2397:ISSN
2352:PMID
2317:PMID
2278:PMID
2227:PMID
2181:PMID
2171:ISBN
2096:2012
2071:PMID
2023:ISBN
1991:ISSN
1963:2022
1940:2011
1845:2023
1813:2010
1788:2021
1771:2017
1550:and
1532:Java
1526:and
1503:RTGS
1498:เงาะ
1494:Thai
1334:soap
1328:and
1280:Uses
1211:and
1130:and
1100:rind
969:Zinc
937:9 mg
911:7 mg
891:Iron
830:8 μg
548:Java
522:and
498:and
481:aril
388:-tən
384:ram-
262:List
3131:WFO
2913:FoC
2900:FNA
2874:EoL
2848:CoL
2729:doi
2684:doi
2643:doi
2387:doi
2344:doi
2309:doi
2268:PMC
2258:doi
2219:doi
2138:FDA
2061:doi
1983:doi
1834:L."
1775:doi
1510:ngo
1064:fat
922:15%
869:%DV
743:%DV
674:Fat
582:-an
526:in
386:BOO
289:DC.
3155::
3133::
3120::
3107::
3094::
3081::
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948:1%
935:1%
909:2%
896:2%
883:2%
841:5%
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