42:
65:
198:
260:
males, thereby increasing the mated male's paternity share. Mated males are castrated in the process of mate plugging, though this may be an advantage in mate guarding, as mated males have been observed to fight more aggressively and win more frequently than virgin males. So while the female spiders are still at least potentially polygamous, the males have become monogamous.
259:
which break off inside the females' copulatory openings after copulation. The broken palps serve as mating plugs, which makes future matings with a mated female more difficult. These genera of spiders also participate in mate guarding; a mated male will stand guard by his female and chase off other
544:, the authors of the study did not suggest splitting the genus. The phylogeny suggests that male enforced monogamy, via plugging of the female copulatory ducts by males leaving behind their palpal bulbs, is ancestral to the nephilides, and was lost in
300:, based on the structure of the male palp. Cladistic studies in the 1990s appeared to confirm the relationship between nephilines and Tetragnathidae. Further studies refuted this proposal, but did not resolve the relationship with araneids. In 2006,
712:
Kuntner, Matjaž; Hamilton, Chris A; Cheng, Ren-Chung; Gregorič, Matjaž; Lupše, Nik; Lokovšek, Tjaša; Lemmon, Emily
Moriarty; Lemmon, Alan R; Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A; Bond, Jason E; Paterson, Adrian (July 2019).
875:"Rounding up the usual suspects: a standard target-gene approach for resolving the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships of ecribellate orb-weaving spiders with a new family-rank classification (Araneae, Araneoidea)"
923:
Kuntner, MatjaĹľ; ÄŚandek, Klemen; GregoriÄŤ, MatjaĹľ; Turk, Eva; Hamilton, Chris A.; Chamberland, Lisa; Starrett, James; Cheng, Ren-Chung; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Agnarsson, Ingi; Bond, Jason E. (2023).
312:
et al. returned the group to their traditional position as a subfamily of
Araneidae. In 2023, the subfamily was resurrected back to family-level and is recognized as a family in the
988:
Kuntner, M.; Arnedo, M.A.; Trontelj, P.; Lokovsek, T. & Agnarsson, I. (2013). "A molecular phylogeny of nephilid spiders: evolutionary history of a model lineage".
2296:
2322:
795:
Kuntner, MatjaĹľ; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Schneider, Jutta M. (2009). "Intersexual arms race? Genital coevolution in nephilid spiders (Araneae, Nephilidae)".
2283:
873:
Dimitrov, Dimitar; Benavides, Ligia R.; Arnedo, Miquel A.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Griswold, Charles E.; Scharff, Nikolaj & Hormiga, Gustavo (2016).
2309:
328:
study suggested that the genera of
Nephilinae were related as shown in the cladogram below. It was this study that supported the split between
715:"Golden Orbweavers Ignore Biological Rules: Phylogenomic and Comparative Analyses Unravel a Complex Evolution of Sexual Size Dimorphism"
1141:
2399:
2314:
41:
1280:
588:
2262:
64:
2327:
635:
683:, in particular, are found in tropical and subtropical environments in the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia.
309:
2275:
325:
305:
838:
Fromhage, Lutz; Schneider, Jutta M. (2005). "Virgin doves and mated hawks: contest behaviour in a spider".
2174:
1064:
2358:
2028:
1312:
1134:
412:
304:
removed the group from
Araneidae and raised the subfamily Nephilinae to the family Nephilidae. However,
2376:
1029:"Phylogenetic systematics of the Gondwanan nephilid spider lineage Clitaetrinae (Araneae, Nephilidae)"
2371:
2337:
2244:
1579:
874:
621:
561:
313:
1106:
1028:
607:
301:
2404:
1887:
283:
1952:
1796:
1288:
1095:
1051:
899:
855:
820:
59:
2363:
308:
studies from 2004 onwards consistently placed nephilids within
Araneidae. Accordingly, in 2016,
2345:
2010:
1804:
1689:
1510:
1005:
812:
746:
222:
2301:
2350:
1729:
1703:
1497:
1364:
1127:
1087:
1043:
997:
936:
889:
847:
804:
777:
736:
726:
2212:
924:
197:
2151:
2084:
1996:
1781:
1571:
1515:
1356:
1333:
692:
418:
278:
and its close relatives were considered to make up the subfamily
Nephilinae of the family
51:
574:
269:
161:
2270:
2257:
1973:
1932:
1861:
1608:
1476:
1452:
1442:
1385:
1272:
741:
714:
665:
297:
218:
2393:
1937:
1924:
1866:
1787:
1773:
1747:
1737:
1708:
1595:
1566:
1484:
1415:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1217:
1047:
808:
655:
136:
1099:
1055:
903:
859:
2107:
2102:
2079:
2064:
2005:
1942:
1812:
1680:
1659:
1616:
1543:
1505:
1338:
1328:
1296:
1209:
925:"Increasing Information Content and Diagnosability in Family-Level Classifications"
824:
182:
851:
768:(Araneae : Nephilidae : Nephilinae), the Australasian 'coin spiders'".
2206:
2074:
2037:
2018:
1982:
1911:
1895:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1667:
1637:
1533:
1393:
1176:
1001:
644:
630:
442:
362:
292:
256:
247:
241:
106:
2122:
2113:
2094:
2055:
2046:
1967:
1919:
1903:
1879:
1874:
1853:
1817:
1768:
1752:
1721:
1713:
1650:
1587:
1538:
1468:
1460:
1447:
1434:
1377:
1351:
1320:
1304:
1198:
146:
941:
2069:
2023:
1987:
1742:
1600:
1557:
1551:
1524:
1398:
1346:
1170:
731:
569:
541:
466:
279:
96:
76:
2197:
1009:
816:
750:
2223:
1119:
17:
2231:
2191:
2089:
1947:
1698:
1675:
1492:
1182:
597:
583:
379:
255:
of these genera have become highly derived by evolving enlarged, complex
252:
235:
116:
2236:
1960:
1760:
1369:
1065:"Spider webs as habitat patches - The distribution of kleptoparasites (
616:
484:
274:
894:
217:. The various genera in the Nephilidae family were formerly placed in
1164:
1151:
210:
126:
86:
2288:
2168:
781:
1091:
959:
2172:
1237:
1195:
1123:
2249:
679:
The family has a pan-tropical distribution: species of
983:
981:
2181:
1636:
1423:
1414:
1251:
225:. All nephilid genera partially renew their webs.
1341:(funnel-webs or venomous funnel-web tarantulas)
251:display extreme sexually driven selection. The
1135:
8:
1732:(wandering spiders or tropical wolf spiders)
2169:
1642:
1427:
1420:
1257:
1248:
1234:
1192:
1142:
1128:
1120:
196:
40:
31:
1291:(atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders)
940:
893:
740:
730:
2159:are families with more than 1000 species
764:Kuntner, MatjaĹľ (2005). "A revision of
704:
954:
952:
990:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
2338:718435f3-0e2d-400c-ab85-45b3dca782d5
2276:7314567e-f1a9-4d05-94dd-715c12417a99
651:– tropical South America and Africa
458:
434:
404:
354:
347:
339:
1590:(violin spiders, assassin spiders)
25:
1829:(sheet weavers or money spiders)
1069:, Theridiidae) among host webs (
1048:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00220.x
960:"Family: Nephilidae Banks, 1892"
809:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00634.x
776:(5). CSIRO Publishing: 391–436.
268:Up to the late 1980s, following
63:
2377:urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0111
1283:(Australian funnel-web spiders)
640:– South Asia to north Australia
579:– Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka
213:family commonly referred to as
564:accepts the following genera:
1:
1790:(flat-bellied ground spiders)
1267:(mouse spiders and relatives)
966:. Natural History Museum Bern
852:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.02.020
1653:(araneomorph funnel weavers)
560:As of August 2023, the
1307:(cork-lid trapdoor spiders)
1002:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.008
189:
2421:
1603:(long-legged cave spiders)
1299:(brushed trapdoor spiders)
1275:(folding trapdoor spiders)
659:(previously a subgenus of
601:(previously a subgenus of
2147:
1645:
1621:Trogloraptor marchingtoni
1430:
1260:
1247:
1233:
1205:
1191:
1159:
480:
463:
456:
439:
432:
409:
402:
376:
359:
352:
345:
195:
188:
181:
174:
169:
60:Scientific classification
58:
48:
39:
34:
2097:(cribellate orb weavers)
2031:(long jawed orb-weavers)
1683:(anyphaenid sac spiders)
1479:(crevice weaver spiders)
1315:(wafer trapdoor spiders)
770:Invertebrate Systematics
1898:(red and black spiders)
1838:(liocranid sac spiders)
1582:(tube-dwelling spiders)
1518:(midget ground weavers)
1380:(funnel-web tarantulas)
1372:(tree trapdoor spiders)
1323:(funnel-web tarantulas)
593:– South Asia, Australia
296:belonged in the family
2400:Araneomorphae families
1927:(running crab spiders)
1820:(white-tailed spiders)
1662:(tangled nest spiders)
1487:(large-clawed spiders)
1463:(false violin spiders)
1080:Journal of Arachnology
1063:Agnarsson, I (2003a).
942:10.1093/sysbio/syad021
326:molecular phylogenetic
306:molecular phylogenetic
2359:Paleobiology Database
1955:(nursery web spiders)
1890:(cave cobweb spiders)
1882:(spurred orb-weavers)
1799:(dwarf sheet spiders)
1755:(net-casting spiders)
1546:(palp-footed spiders)
1388:(bald-legged spiders)
732:10.1093/sysbio/syy082
229:Reproductive behavior
2271:Fauna Europaea (new)
2040:(tangle-web spiders)
1807:(tree trunk spiders)
1763:(intertidal spiders)
1692:(orb-weaver spiders)
964:World Spider Catalog
562:World Spider Catalog
314:World Spider Catalog
2013:(dwarf orb-weavers)
1500:(lampshade spiders)
1471:(woodlouse hunters)
1220:(segmented spiders)
1212:(segmented spiders)
1027:Kuntner, M (2006).
284:Herbert Walter Levi
2047:Theridiosomatidae
2011:Symphytognathidae
1999:(huntsman spiders)
1906:(disc web spiders)
1724:(dark sac spiders)
1574:(spitting spiders)
1359:(dwarf tarantulas)
1110:of Southern Africa
1073:, Tetragnathidae)"
929:Systematic Biology
719:Systematic Biology
540:appears not to be
413:Nephila constricta
215:golden orb-weavers
2387:
2386:
2346:Open Tree of Life
2175:Taxon identifiers
2166:
2165:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2117:
2098:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2014:
2000:
1991:
1977:
1976:(jumping spiders)
1964:
1956:
1928:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1870:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1808:
1800:
1791:
1777:
1764:
1756:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1693:
1684:
1671:
1670:(termite hunters)
1663:
1654:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1617:Trogloraptoridae
1612:
1611:(armored spiders)
1604:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1561:
1547:
1528:
1519:
1511:Mecysmaucheniidae
1501:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1455:(coneweb spiders)
1438:
1437:(pelican spiders)
1410:
1409:
1402:
1401:(true tarantulas)
1389:
1381:
1373:
1360:
1357:Mecicobothriidae
1342:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1036:Zoologica Scripta
895:10.1111/cla.12165
669:
650:
639:
625:
611:
592:
578:
533:
532:
524:
523:
515:
514:
506:
505:
497:
496:
391:
390:
204:
203:
165:
16:(Redirected from
2412:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2366:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2291:
2279:
2278:
2266:
2265:
2253:
2252:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2170:
2115:
2096:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2012:
1998:
1989:
1975:
1958:
1954:
1926:
1913:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1869:(pirate spiders)
1868:
1856:(shield spiders)
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1806:
1798:
1789:
1776:(velvet spiders)
1775:
1762:
1754:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1704:Cheiracanthiidae
1691:
1682:
1669:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1560:(cellar spiders)
1559:
1545:
1527:(goblin spiders)
1526:
1517:
1516:Ochyroceratidae
1499:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1462:
1454:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1400:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1365:Microstigmatidae
1358:
1340:
1322:
1314:
1313:Cyrtaucheniidae
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1249:
1235:
1219:
1211:
1193:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1121:
1103:
1077:
1059:
1033:
1014:
1013:
985:
976:
975:
973:
971:
956:
947:
946:
944:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
897:
879:
870:
864:
863:
846:(5): 1099–1104.
840:Animal Behaviour
835:
829:
828:
803:(6): 1451–1463.
792:
786:
785:
761:
755:
754:
744:
734:
709:
664:
648:
634:
620:
606:
587:
573:
459:
435:
405:
355:
348:
340:
310:Dimitar Dimitrov
200:
160:
68:
67:
44:
32:
21:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2230:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2177:
2167:
2162:
2152:Spider taxonomy
2127:
2085:Trochanteriidae
2029:Tetragnathidae
1782:Gallieniellidae
1628:
1609:Tetrablemmidae
1424:Non-entelegynes
1406:
1386:Paratropididae
1334:Halonoproctidae
1273:Antrodiaetidae
1243:
1225:
1201:
1187:
1155:
1148:
1118:
1075:
1062:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1021:Further reading
1018:
1017:
987:
986:
979:
969:
967:
958:
957:
950:
922:
921:
917:
908:
906:
877:
872:
871:
867:
837:
836:
832:
794:
793:
789:
782:10.1071/IS05024
763:
762:
758:
711:
710:
706:
701:
693:Spider families
689:
677:
558:
534:
525:
516:
507:
498:
419:Nephila pilipes
392:
322:
286:suggested that
266:
231:
159:
62:
52:Nephila pilipes
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2418:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2368:
2355:
2342:
2332:
2319:
2306:
2293:
2280:
2267:
2258:Fauna Europaea
2254:
2241:
2228:
2218:
2203:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2058:(crab spiders)
2052:
2044:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1990:(bark hunters)
1985:
1980:
1970:
1965:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1933:Phrurolithidae
1930:
1925:Philodromidae
1922:
1917:
1914:(lynx spiders)
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1862:Megadictynidae
1859:
1851:
1847:(wolf spiders)
1841:
1833:
1823:
1815:
1813:Homalonychidae
1810:
1802:
1794:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1485:Gradungulidae
1482:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1445:
1443:Austrochilidae
1440:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:Theraphosidae
1396:
1394:Porrhothelidae
1391:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1265:Actinopodidae
1261:
1255:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:Heptathelidae
1215:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1117:
1116:External links
1114:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1092:10.1636/s02-21
1086:(3): 344–349.
1060:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:
996:(3): 961–979.
977:
948:
935:(4): 964–971.
915:
888:(3): 221–250.
865:
830:
787:
756:
725:(4): 555–572.
703:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
688:
685:
676:
673:
672:
671:
652:
641:
627:
613:
594:
580:
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531:
530:
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517:
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500:
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401:
398:
397:
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385:
384:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
358:
353:
351:
346:
344:
338:
321:
318:
302:MatjaĹľ Kuntner
298:Tetragnathidae
265:
262:
230:
227:
219:Tetragnathidae
202:
201:
193:
192:
186:
185:
179:
178:
172:
171:
167:
166:
154:
150:
149:
144:
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109:
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90:
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84:
80:
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70:
69:
56:
55:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2417:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2116:(ant spiders)
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2049:(ray spiders)
2045:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Physoglenidae
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1842:
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1834:
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1824:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1748:Cycloctenidae
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Cyatholipidae
1736:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1716:(sac spiders)
1712:
1710:
1709:Cithaeronidae
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1681:Anyphaenidae
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1660:Amaurobiidae
1658:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1596:Stenochilidae
1594:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:Segestriidae
1578:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1567:Plectreuridae
1565:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:Palpimanidae
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1498:Hypochilidae
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1477:Filistatidae
1475:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Araneomorphae
1413:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1352:Macrothelidae
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1339:Hexathelidae
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:Barychelidae
1295:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:Mygalomorphae
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:Opisthothelae
1236:
1232:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:Liphistiidae
1208:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1145:
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1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1109:
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1097:
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1049:
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1037:
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1024:
1020:
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1007:
1003:
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984:
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978:
965:
961:
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926:
919:
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869:
866:
861:
857:
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849:
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841:
834:
831:
826:
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806:
802:
798:
791:
788:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
760:
757:
752:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
708:
705:
698:
694:
691:
690:
686:
684:
682:
674:
670:– pantropical
667:
662:
658:
657:
656:Trichonephila
653:
649:Kuntner, 2013
647:
646:
642:
637:
633:
632:
628:
626:– pantropical
623:
619:
618:
614:
609:
604:
600:
599:
595:
590:
586:
585:
581:
576:
572:
571:
567:
566:
565:
563:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
529:
528:
520:
519:
511:
510:
502:
501:
493:
492:
489:
487:
486:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
468:
461:
460:
454:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
444:
437:
436:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
420:
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407:
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396:
395:
387:
386:
383:
382:
381:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
364:
357:
356:
350:
349:
342:
341:
337:
335:
331:
327:
319:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
263:
261:
258:
254:
250:
249:
244:
243:
238:
237:
228:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
199:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
168:
163:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
143:Superfamily:
142:
141:
138:
137:Araneomorphae
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
61:
57:
54:
53:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
27:Spider family
19:
2182:
2156:
2112:
2108:Xenoctenidae
2103:Viridasiidae
2080:Trechaleidae
2065:Titanoecidae
2054:
2038:Theridiidae
2036:
2006:Stiphidiidae
1997:Sparassidae
1995:
1988:Senoculidae
1972:
1943:Phyxelididae
1920:Penestomidae
1896:Nicodamidae
1843:
1836:Liocranidae
1827:Linyphiidae
1825:
1805:Hersiliidae
1788:Gnaphosidae
1786:
1714:Clubionidae
1688:
1668:Ammoxenidae
1649:
1620:
1556:
1552:Periegopidae
1523:
1506:Leptonetidae
1329:Euctenizidae
1107:
1083:
1079:
1070:
1066:
1042:(1): 19–62.
1039:
1035:
993:
989:
968:. Retrieved
963:
932:
928:
918:
907:. Retrieved
885:
881:
868:
843:
839:
833:
800:
796:
790:
773:
769:
765:
759:
722:
718:
707:
680:
678:
675:Distribution
660:
654:
643:
629:
615:
602:
596:
582:
568:
559:
549:
545:
542:monophyletic
537:
535:
483:
481:
465:
464:
441:
440:
417:
411:
410:
378:
377:
361:
360:
333:
329:
323:
291:
287:
273:
270:Eugène Simon
267:
257:palpal bulbs
246:
240:
234:
232:
214:
206:
205:
175:
156:
133:Infraorder:
50:
29:
2207:Wikispecies
2114:Zodariidae
2095:Uloboridae
2075:Trachelidae
2056:Thomisidae
2024:Synotaxidae
2019:Synaphridae
1983:Selenopidae
1974:Salticidae
1959:(including
1953:Pisauridae
1904:Oecobiidae
1888:Nesticidae
1880:Mysmenidae
1854:Malkaridae
1818:Lamponidae
1753:Deinopidae
1722:Corinnidae
1651:Agelenidae
1638:Entelegynae
1588:Sicariidae
1572:Scytodidae
1534:Orsolobidae
1493:Huttoniidae
1469:Dysderidae
1461:Drymusidae
1453:Diguetidae
1435:Archaeidae
1378:Nemesiidae
1321:Dipluridae
1305:Ctenizidae
1177:Chelicerata
1175:Subphylum:
645:Nephilingis
631:Nephilengys
612:– Sri Lanka
443:Nephilingis
363:Nephilengys
343:Nephilinae
334:Nephilingis
330:Nephilengys
293:Nephilengys
282:. In 1986,
248:Nephilingis
242:Nephilengys
233:The genera
107:Chelicerata
103:Subphylum:
35:Nephilidae
2405:Nephilidae
2394:Categories
2213:Nephilidae
2183:Nephilidae
2123:Zoropsidae
1968:Psechridae
1912:Oxyopidae
1875:Miturgidae
1867:Mimetidae
1845:Lycosidae
1797:Hahniidae
1769:Dictynidae
1690:Araneidae
1601:Telemidae
1558:Pholcidae
1539:Pacullidae
1525:Oonopidae
1448:Caponiidae
1281:Atracidae
1199:Mesothelae
1171:Arthropoda
909:2016-10-18
882:Cladistics
699:References
482:remaining
207:Nephilidae
176:See text.
157:Nephilidae
147:Araneoidea
97:Arthropoda
18:Nephilinae
2070:Toxopidae
1774:Eresidae
1743:Cybaeidae
1730:Ctenidae
1347:Idiopidae
1289:Atypidae
1239:Suborder
1197:Suborder
1183:Arachnida
1163:Kingdom:
1067:Argyrodes
970:23 August
797:Evolution
603:Clitaetra
570:Clitaetra
550:Clitaetra
536:Although
467:Clitaetra
320:Phylogeny
280:Araneidae
272:in 1894,
253:pedipalps
223:Araneidae
183:Diversity
117:Arachnida
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
2232:BugGuide
2221:BioLib:
2192:Wikidata
2090:Udubidae
1948:Pimoidae
1761:Desidae
1699:Arkyidae
1676:Anapidae
1370:Migidae
1169:Phylum:
1165:Animalia
1154:families
1100:54073105
1056:83783497
1010:23811436
904:34962403
860:53197549
817:19492993
766:Herennia
751:30517732
687:See also
681:Nephilia
598:Indoetra
584:Herennia
488:species
380:Herennia
264:Taxonomy
236:Herennia
190:7 genera
153:Family:
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
1961:Halidae
1181:Class:
1152:Araneae
1150:Extant
1108:Nephila
1071:Nephila
825:6321371
742:6568015
661:Nephila
636:L. Koch
617:Nephila
608:Kuntner
589:Thorell
546:Nephila
538:Nephila
485:Nephila
324:A 2013
288:Nephila
275:Nephila
170:Genera
127:Araneae
123:Order:
113:Class:
49:Female
2364:183348
2351:573777
2335:NZOR:
2328:450948
2315:847741
2302:119230
2263:348071
2237:109483
2224:323717
2198:Q10670
1098:
1054:
1008:
902:
858:
823:
815:
749:
739:
668:, 1911
638:, 1872
624:, 1815
610:, 2006
591:, 1877
577:, 1889
556:Genera
211:spider
164:, 1894
2297:IRMNG
1096:S2CID
1076:(PDF)
1052:S2CID
1032:(PDF)
900:S2CID
878:(PDF)
856:S2CID
821:S2CID
622:Leach
575:Simon
209:is a
162:Simon
2323:NCBI
2310:ITIS
2289:5634
2284:GBIF
2157:Bold
1006:PMID
972:2023
813:PMID
747:PMID
666:Dahl
548:and
332:and
290:and
245:and
221:and
2372:WSC
2250:205
2245:EoL
1088:doi
1044:doi
998:doi
937:doi
890:doi
848:doi
805:doi
778:doi
737:PMC
727:doi
2396::
2374::
2361::
2348::
2325::
2312::
2299::
2286::
2273::
2260::
2247::
2234::
2209::
2194::
1094:.
1084:31
1082:.
1078:.
1050:.
1040:35
1038:.
1034:.
1004:.
994:69
992:.
980:^
962:.
951:^
933:72
931:.
927:.
898:.
886:33
884:.
880:.
854:.
844:70
842:.
819:.
811:.
801:63
799:.
774:19
772:.
745:.
735:.
723:68
721:.
717:.
663:)
605:)
552:.
416:+
336:.
316:.
239:,
1963:)
1623:)
1619:(
1143:e
1136:t
1129:v
1102:.
1090::
1058:.
1046::
1012:.
1000::
974:.
945:.
939::
912:.
892::
862:.
850::
827:.
807::
784:.
780::
753:.
729::
20:)
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