3284:
7278:
6564:
4274:"The isotopic analyses disclosed a species of mass 248 in constant abundance in three samples analysed over a period of about 10 months. This was ascribed to an isomer of Bk with a half-life greater than 9 . No growth of Cf was detected, and a lower limit for the β half-life can be set at about 10 . No alpha activity attributable to the new isomer has been detected; the alpha half-life is probably greater than 300 ."
6970:
6170:
3622:
These applications are economically practical where photovoltaic power sources are weak or inconsistent due to probes being too far from the sun or rovers facing climate events that may obstruct sunlight for long periods (like
4451:
3206:, because it decays predominantly by beta emission with a long half-life. Several alternative production routes for this isotope have been investigated, namely those that reduce isotopic separation from
3180:. It is for this reason that despite its low critical mass and high neutron cross section, it has not been researched extensively as a nuclear fuel in weapons or reactors. Nevertheless,
2420:
2237:# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
267:
3616:
3612:
4745:
3676:
that could interfere with the operation of on-board electronic components, or irradiate people, makes it the radionuclide of choice for electric thermogenerators.
2413:
2325:# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
447:
isotopes have half-lives that are less than 4.5 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 50 minutes. This element also has five
4320:(Report). Republic of France, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Prévention et d'étude des Accidents. Archived from
4208:
Plus radium (element 88). While actually a sub-actinide, it immediately precedes actinium (89) and follows a three-element gap of instability after
2990:
260:
4314:
3469:
4415:
2406:
4481:
7639:
7608:
4738:
4712:
4695:
3560:
3516:
4578:
3580:
3564:
253:
4579:
Bounding
Analysis of Effects of Fractionation of Radionuclides in Fallout on Estimation of Doses to Atomic Veterans DTRA-TR-07-5. 2007
4247:
Milsted, J.; Friedman, A. M.; Stevens, C. M. (1965). "The alpha half-life of berkelium-247; a new long-lived isomer of berkelium-248".
4394:
4047:
Ma, L.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Gan, Z. G.; et al. (2020). "Short-Lived α-emitting isotope Np and the
Stability of the N=126 Magic Shell".
4300:" nuclides with half-lives significantly in excess of Th; e.g., while Cd has a half-life of only fourteen years, that of Cd is eight
3575:
to power the instruments left on the Moon surface by the astronauts. Thermoelectric generators were also embarked on board of deep
4731:
7629:
4685:
3879:
3627:). Space probes and rovers also make use of the heat output of the generator to keep their instruments and internals warm.
4301:
7603:
4677:
2624:
2585:
2552:
2525:
3714:, which is essential for deep space probes requiring a reliable and long-lasting source of energy without maintenance.
7598:
4341:
Reed, B. C. (2017). "An examination of the potential fission-bomb weaponizability of nuclides other than U and Pu".
3973:
2916:
2885:
2862:
2840:
2809:
6596:
6592:
3823:
and neptunium-239 are regarded as the leading hazardous radioisotopes in the first hour-to-week period following
3362:
7331:
7327:
7023:
7019:
6722:
6718:
591:
4413:
Jerome, S.M.; Ivanov, P.; Larijani, C.; Parker, D.J.; Regan, P.H. (2014). "The production of
Neptunium-236g".
3353:, with a critical mass of around 60 kg. However, it has a low probability of fission on bombardment with
7541:
7537:
7499:
7495:
7478:
7474:
6848:
6844:
6764:
6760:
6743:
6739:
4874:
4049:
3921:
3801:
Neptunium-239 has 146 neutrons and a half-life of 2.356 days. It is produced via β decay of the short-lived
3596:
3563:(RTG or RITEG) for the production of electricity and heat. The first type of thermoelectric generator SNAP (
2190:
666:
3283:
7170:
7166:
7128:
7124:
7065:
7061:
6941:
6937:
6920:
6916:
6869:
6865:
6701:
6697:
6638:
6634:
6575:
6571:
5871:
5867:
5850:
5846:
5261:
5257:
4772:
3915:
Zhang, Z. Y.; Gan, Z. G.; Yang, H. B.; et al. (2019). "New isotope Np: Probing the robustness of the
292:
103:
7457:
7453:
7415:
7411:
7394:
7390:
7254:
7250:
7044:
7040:
6981:
6977:
6890:
6886:
6827:
6823:
6806:
6802:
6060:
6056:
5934:
5930:
5892:
5888:
5808:
5804:
5764:
5760:
5629:
5625:
5482:
5478:
5354:
5350:
5219:
5215:
5196:
5192:
5017:
5013:
3415:
2461:
595:
4321:
4212:(84) where no nuclides have half-lives of at least four years (the longest-lived nuclide in the gap is
7562:
7558:
7289:
7285:
7107:
7103:
7086:
7082:
6785:
6781:
6526:
6522:
6475:
6471:
6454:
6450:
6391:
6387:
6328:
6324:
6244:
6240:
6223:
6219:
6181:
6177:
6039:
6035:
5743:
5739:
5671:
5667:
5461:
5457:
5440:
5436:
5419:
5415:
5398:
5394:
5303:
5299:
5124:
5120:
5082:
5078:
4943:
4939:
4783:
4658:
4613:
4516:
4386:
4256:
4157:
4113:
4058:
4019:
3930:
3604:
3588:
7520:
7516:
7352:
7348:
7310:
7306:
7233:
7229:
7191:
7187:
7149:
7145:
6680:
6676:
6659:
6655:
6617:
6613:
6433:
6429:
6370:
6366:
6307:
6303:
6265:
6261:
6202:
6198:
6132:
6128:
5976:
5972:
5913:
5909:
5829:
5825:
5787:
5783:
5713:
5709:
5692:
5688:
5650:
5646:
5608:
5604:
5375:
5371:
5240:
5236:
4996:
4992:
4700:
2284:
2274:
1960:
1729:
1161:
587:
7634:
7436:
7432:
7212:
7208:
7002:
6998:
6547:
6543:
6286:
6282:
6153:
6149:
6081:
6077:
5997:
5993:
5955:
5951:
5566:
5562:
5545:
5541:
5524:
5520:
5282:
5278:
5175:
5171:
5103:
5099:
5061:
5057:
4966:
4962:
4473:
4315:
Final Report, Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport
4297:
4284:
4173:
4082:
3954:
3772:
3746:
3624:
3437:
3391:
3203:
288:
197:
7593:
7587:
6496:
6492:
6377:
6102:
6098:
5324:
5320:
5040:
5036:
4708:
4534:
4432:
4390:
4074:
3946:
3738:
3199:
3062:
677:
88:
68:
59:
4368:
Analysis of the Reuse of
Uranium Recovered from the Reprocessing of Commercial LWR Spent Fuel
4367:
3162:, however, it is nearly impossible to separate in any significant quantities from its parent
6908:
6514:
6412:
6408:
6349:
6345:
6120:
5731:
5587:
5583:
5503:
5499:
5342:
5163:
5145:
5141:
4984:
4931:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4758:
4666:
4621:
4524:
4465:
4424:
4350:
4264:
4220:). Radium's longest lived isotope, at 1,600 years, thus merits the element's inclusion here.
4165:
4121:
4066:
4027:
3988:
3938:
3894:
3860:
3793:
production in order to replenish the stocks needed for space exploration by robotic probes.
3753:, are now almost exhausted. The extraction and purification of sufficient new quantities of
3481:
3321:
3309:
3109:
3034:
2476:
2335:
2264:
1551:
671:
599:
553:
216:
187:
169:
128:
120:
4642:
4597:
6018:
6014:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4638:
4593:
4234:
4230:
3824:
3810:
3673:
3584:
3572:
3395:
3357:, which makes it unsuitable as a fuel for light water nuclear power plants (as opposed to
3354:
2977:
2494:
2453:
2372:
371:
296:
4662:
4617:
4520:
4260:
4161:
4117:
4102:"New short-lived isotope Np and the absence of the Z = 92 subshell closure near N = 126"
4062:
4023:
3992:
3934:
3845:
3350:
3225:
2997:
2485:
2468:
2212:
624:
557:
7623:
6603:
4268:
4177:
4142:
4101:
4086:
4007:
3958:
3806:
3750:
3719:
3541:
3512:
3485:
3441:
3121:
3087:
2385:
2313:( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
2254:
1740:
658:
636:
617:
565:
561:
239:
175:
93:
4723:
4670:
4625:
4192:
7338:
7030:
6729:
4846:
4778:
4456:
4126:
4070:
4032:
3942:
3742:
3592:
3465:
3407:
3358:
3346:
3313:
3124:
of 6.79 kg (15.0 lb), though precise experimental data is not available.
3030:
382:
4428:
4283:
This is the heaviest nuclide with a half-life of at least four years before the "
7548:
7506:
7485:
6855:
6771:
6750:
4841:
4693:
Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the
Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).
3820:
3814:
3802:
3576:
3489:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3272:
3095:
3091:
3077:
3073:
3044:
2457:
2437:
732:
631:
444:
305:
161:
134:
114:
4169:
3864:
3827:
from a nuclear detonation, with Np dominating "the spectrum for several days."
3611:. Curiosity and Perseverance rovers are both equipped with the last version of
7177:
7135:
7072:
6948:
6927:
6876:
6708:
6645:
6582:
5878:
5857:
5268:
3144:
is produced in small quantities via the (n,2n) and (γ,n) capture reactions of
2228:) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
650:
531:
448:
346:
3116:
This particular isotope of neptunium has a mass of 236.04657 u. It is a
17:
7464:
7422:
7401:
7380:
7261:
7051:
6988:
6897:
6834:
6813:
6067:
5941:
5899:
5815:
5771:
5636:
5489:
5361:
5226:
5203:
5024:
4866:
4856:
4851:
4704:
4213:
3647:
3600:
3477:
2442:
644:
404:
280:
73:
36:
27:
Artificial nuclides with atomic number of 93 but with different mass numbers
4538:
4436:
4078:
3972:
Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017).
3950:
3050:
This isotope of neptunium has a weight of 235.044 063 3 u.
7569:
7296:
7114:
7093:
6792:
6533:
6482:
6461:
6398:
6335:
6251:
6230:
6188:
6046:
5750:
5678:
5468:
5447:
5426:
5405:
5310:
5131:
5089:
4950:
4209:
4006:
Yang, H; Ma, L; Zhang, Z; Yang, C; Gan, Z; Zhang, M; et al. (2018).
3974:"The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references"
3317:
3268:
3099:
2433:
3898:
3022:
has 142 neutrons and a half-life of 396.1 days. This isotope decays by:
303:
to be synthesized and identified was Np in 1940, produced by bombarding
7527:
7359:
7317:
7240:
7198:
7156:
6687:
6666:
6624:
6440:
6314:
6272:
6209:
6139:
5983:
5920:
5836:
5794:
5720:
5699:
5657:
5615:
5382:
5247:
5003:
4861:
4754:
4477:
3117:
2984:
2347:
375:
324:
300:
32:
4633:
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
4354:
3809:. This is the primary route for making plutonium, as U can be made by
3390:
is the only neptunium isotope produced in significant quantity in the
7443:
7219:
7009:
6554:
6293:
6160:
6088:
6004:
5962:
5573:
5552:
5531:
5289:
5182:
5110:
5068:
4973:
3473:
3264:
4552:
4529:
4504:
4469:
4370:, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
3844:
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021).
6503:
6109:
5331:
5047:
4681:
598:. Neptunium is the heaviest element for which the location of the
295:
cannot be given. Like all trace or artificial elements, it has no
6419:
6356:
5594:
5510:
5152:
3608:
3568:
3076:. This usually decays (with a half-life of 23 million years) to
2447:
2304:
as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
4727:
3878:
Peppard, D. F.; Mason, G. W.; Gray, P. R.; Mech, J. F. (1952).
6025:
3108:: the decay energy is 5.007 MeV and the decay product is
3043:: the decay energy is 0.125 MeV and the decay product is
3086:: the decay energy is 0.48 MeV and the decay product is
3072:: the decay energy is 0.93 MeV and the decay product is
3000:(thermal neutron capture cross section greater than 3k barns)
3559:, this product being useful as a thermal energy source in a
3345:
was shown to be capable of sustaining a chain reaction with
3112:. This decays with a half-life of 1.3 days to uranium-232.
3061:
has 143 neutrons and a half-life of 154,000 years. It can
3595:. They also deliver electrical and thermal power to the
2334:
Heaviest known nucleus, as of 2019, that is beyond the
3696:
is therefore a key radionuclide for the production of
3539:
can capture a neutron, undergo beta decay, and become
291:, although trace quantities are found in nature, so a
4452:"Neptunium Nukes? Little-studied metal goes critical"
4381:
Jukka Lehto; Xiaolin Hou (2011). "15.15: Neptunium".
4008:"Alpha decay properties of the semi-magic nucleus Np"
443:
with a half-life of 396.1 days. All of the remaining
385:
have been characterized, with the most stable being
4193:
Discovery of 234 Np isomer and its decay properties
4637:Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
4592:Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
3615:, a more efficient and standardized system dubbed
3402:(which fissions most but not all of the time) and
3846:"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"
4191:Asai, M.; Suekawa, Y.; Higashi, M.; et al.
3094:, which usually decays (half-life 69 years) to
3090:. This usually decays (half-life 2.8 years) to
2962:
2957:
2950:
2929:
2922:
2910:
2901:
2781:
2776:
2762:
4553:"Periodic Table Of Elements: LANL - Neptunium"
4505:"Nuclear power: Desperately seeking plutonium"
2846:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2801:
2796:
2791:
4739:
4336:
4334:
3880:"Occurrence of the (4n + 1) series in nature"
3775:is therefore necessary for the resumption of
3245:. The most favorable reactions to accumulate
2894:
2889:
2875:
2866:
2744:
2739:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2702:
2697:
2683:
2676:
2652:
2647:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2414:
261:
8:
2402:Actinides and fission products by half-life
602:is known; the lightest bound isotope is Np.
30:
4647:evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"
4602:evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"
3464:is considered to be one of the most mobile
2669:in the range of 100 a–210 ka ...
2540:
2531:
2513:
4746:
4732:
4724:
4233:fission of uranium-235, e.g. in a typical
3749:from 1943 to 1977) and the development of
2421:
2407:
2224:( ) – Uncertainty (1
2191:
370:Trace quantities are found in nature from
268:
254:
4528:
4125:
4031:
3410:occasionally knocks a neutron loose from
3033:is 5.2 MeV and the decay product is
378:atoms, a fact not discovered until 1951.
4408:
4406:
3887:Journal of the American Chemical Society
3737:built up in the United States since the
3282:
2991:naturally occurring radioactive material
2980:cross section in the range of 8–50 barns
609:
52:
4383:Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides
3910:
3908:
3836:
3470:Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository
3287:Neptunium-237 decay scheme (simplified)
2367:
2365:
2204:
530:has not yet been observed. The primary
425:with a half-life of 154,000 years, and
4416:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
4143:"Identification of the new isotope Np"
2321:
2319:
29:
7373:
4696:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
3607:) both exploring the cold surface of
3561:radioisotope thermoelectric generator
3517:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
3316:, which is stable, unlike most other
2943:
2662:
1940:
1656:
1493:
594:, and the primary products after are
476:The isotopes of neptunium range from
228:
225:
201:
196:
146:
143:
107:
102:
7:
3521:When exposed to neutron bombardment
4216:with a half life of less than four
3919:= 126 shell closure in neptunium".
3805:, and undergoes another β decay to
3565:Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power
4141:Huang, T. H.; et al. (2018).
512:, though the intermediate isotope
25:
3098:, which decays in a few years to
2808:
560:), and the primary mode after is
7276:
6968:
6907:
6562:
6513:
6168:
6119:
5730:
5341:
5162:
4983:
4930:
4555:. Los Alamos National Laboratory
4100:Sun, M. D.; et al. (2017).
534:before the most stable isotope,
4671:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
4626:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
4503:Witze, Alexandra (2014-11-27).
3369:Inventory in spent nuclear fuel
3198:has been considered for use in
2185:This table header & footer:
4686:Brookhaven National Laboratory
4127:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.03.074
4071:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.032502
4033:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.017
3943:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.192503
3406:, or (n,2n) reactions where a
3120:material; it has an estimated
2384:Intermediate decay product of
1:
4429:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.02.029
3993:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003
3571:in the 1960's and during the
2394:Actinides vs fission products
2211:Np – Excited
451:, with the most stable being
287:Np) is usually considered an
7640:Lists of isotopes by element
4678:National Nuclear Data Center
4450:P. Weiss (26 October 2002).
4269:10.1016/0029-5582(65)90719-4
3567:) was developed and used by
2945:... nor beyond 15.7 Ma
4343:American Journal of Physics
2664:No fission products have a
2397:
7656:
6957:
5210:
5031:
4957:
4170:10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044302
3987:(3): 030003-1–030003-442.
3581:Pioneer 10 and 11 missions
3510:
3480:conditions prevail in the
3363:accelerator-driven systems
3065:by the following methods:
2182:
7583:
7273:
4765:
2972:
2452:
2441:
2432:
2400:
2077:
1955:
1952:
1943:
1921:
1815:
1723:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1683:
1671:
1668:
1659:
1637:
1617:
1614:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1577:
1565:
1562:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1519:
1507:
1504:
1495:
1474:
1418:
1415:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1378:
1366:
1363:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1326:
1314:
1311:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1274:
1262:
1260:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1223:
1211:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1171:
1147:
1145:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1108:
1096:
1093:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1056:
957:
954:
935:
932:
929:
926:
907:
685:
676:
665:
657:
649:
643:
630:
623:
616:
612:
249:
222:
193:
140:
99:
58:
55:
51:
4639:Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik
4594:Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik
3865:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
3773:irradiated nuclear fuels
3440:as the decay product of
3320:, which decay to stable
3312:, which terminates with
4919:Chalcogens
4198:(Report) (in Japanese).
4050:Physical Review Letters
3922:Physical Review Letters
3743:Hanford nuclear complex
3597:Mars Science Laboratory
407:of 2.14 million years,
345:, which then underwent
3599:(Curiosity rover) and
3418:. Over the long term,
3288:
381:Twenty-five neptunium
293:standard atomic weight
7630:Isotopes of neptunium
4588:Isotope masses from:
4387:John Wiley & Sons
3416:isotopes of plutonium
3394:, both by successive
3286:
2989:№, primarily a
2976:₡, has thermal
596:isotopes of plutonium
556:(with a good deal of
4682:"NuDat 2.x database"
1816:2300(200)# keV
7609:Isotopes by element
7604:Metastable isotopes
4701:Boca Raton, Florida
4663:2003NuPhA.729....3A
4618:2003NuPhA.729....3A
4521:2014Natur.515..484W
4261:1965NucPh..71..299M
4162:2018PhRvC..98d4302H
4118:2017PhLB..771..303S
4063:2020PhRvL.125c2502M
4024:2018PhLB..777..212Y
3935:2019PhRvL.122s2503Z
3899:10.1021/ja01143a074
3672:and the absence of
3625:Martian dust storms
3468:at the site of the
2359:Most common nuclide
2301:Bold italics symbol
2285:Spontaneous fission
2275:Isomeric transition
1712:2.144(7)×10 y
588:isotopes of uranium
48:
7599:Tables of nuclides
4298:classically stable
4285:sea of instability
4229:Specifically from
3605:Perseverance rover
3438:spent nuclear fuel
3392:nuclear fuel cycle
3289:
3204:radioactive tracer
2553:> 9 a
2167:2.29(16) min
2123:1.85(15) min
1606:1.54(6)×10 y
686:Excitation energy
289:artificial element
7617:
7616:
7588:Table of nuclides
7578:
7577:
7565:
7544:
7523:
7502:
7481:
7460:
7439:
7418:
7397:
7376:
7355:
7334:
7313:
7292:
7257:
7236:
7215:
7194:
7173:
7152:
7131:
7110:
7089:
7068:
7047:
7026:
7005:
6984:
6944:
6923:
6893:
6872:
6851:
6830:
6809:
6788:
6767:
6746:
6725:
6704:
6683:
6662:
6641:
6620:
6599:
6578:
6550:
6529:
6499:
6478:
6457:
6436:
6415:
6394:
6373:
6352:
6331:
6310:
6289:
6268:
6247:
6226:
6205:
6184:
6156:
6135:
6105:
6084:
6063:
6042:
6021:
6000:
5979:
5958:
5937:
5916:
5895:
5874:
5853:
5832:
5811:
5790:
5767:
5746:
5716:
5695:
5674:
5653:
5632:
5611:
5590:
5569:
5548:
5527:
5506:
5485:
5464:
5443:
5422:
5401:
5378:
5357:
5327:
5306:
5285:
5264:
5243:
5222:
5199:
5178:
5148:
5127:
5106:
5085:
5064:
5043:
5020:
4999:
4969:
4946:
4916:Pnictogens
4877:
4775:
4759:chemical elements
4714:978-0-8493-0485-9
4699:(85th ed.).
4651:Nuclear Physics A
4646:
4606:Nuclear Physics A
4601:
4515:(7528): 484–486.
4355:10.1119/1.4966630
4296:Excluding those "
4150:Physical Review C
4106:Physics Letters B
4012:Physics Letters B
3981:Chinese Physics C
3893:(23): 6081–6084.
3853:Chinese Physics C
3739:Manhattan Project
3613:multi-mission RTG
3496:Raw material for
3263:were shown to be
3200:mass spectrometry
3007:
3006:
2968:0.7–14.1 Ga
2964:
2959:
2952:
2931:
2924:
2912:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2877:
2868:
2848:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2783:
2778:
2764:
2746:
2741:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2704:
2699:
2685:
2678:
2654:
2649:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2542:
2533:
2515:
2290:
2289:
2202:
2201:
1999:13.9(2) min
1944:7.22(2) min
1905:61.9(2) min
1548:396.1(12) d
1407:36.2(1) min
1355:14.7(3) min
1303:48.8(2) min
278:
277:
245:
244:
16:(Redirected from
7647:
7563:§ List
7557:
7542:§ List
7536:
7521:§ List
7515:
7500:§ List
7494:
7479:§ List
7473:
7458:§ List
7452:
7437:§ List
7431:
7416:§ List
7410:
7395:§ List
7389:
7374:§ List
7368:
7353:§ List
7347:
7332:§ List
7326:
7311:§ List
7305:
7290:§ List
7284:
7280:
7279:
7255:§ List
7249:
7234:§ List
7228:
7213:§ List
7207:
7192:§ List
7186:
7171:§ List
7165:
7150:§ List
7144:
7129:§ List
7123:
7108:§ List
7102:
7087:§ List
7081:
7066:§ List
7060:
7045:§ List
7039:
7024:§ List
7018:
7003:§ List
6997:
6982:§ List
6976:
6972:
6971:
6942:§ List
6936:
6921:§ List
6915:
6911:
6891:§ List
6885:
6870:§ List
6864:
6849:§ List
6843:
6828:§ List
6822:
6807:§ List
6801:
6786:§ List
6780:
6765:§ List
6759:
6744:§ List
6738:
6723:§ List
6717:
6702:§ List
6696:
6681:§ List
6675:
6660:§ List
6654:
6639:§ List
6633:
6618:§ List
6612:
6597:§ List
6591:
6576:§ List
6570:
6566:
6565:
6548:§ List
6542:
6527:§ List
6521:
6517:
6497:§ List
6491:
6476:§ List
6470:
6455:§ List
6449:
6434:§ List
6428:
6413:§ List
6407:
6392:§ List
6386:
6371:§ List
6365:
6350:§ List
6344:
6329:§ List
6323:
6308:§ List
6302:
6287:§ List
6281:
6266:§ List
6260:
6245:§ List
6239:
6224:§ List
6218:
6203:§ List
6197:
6182:§ List
6176:
6172:
6171:
6154:§ List
6148:
6133:§ List
6127:
6123:
6103:§ List
6097:
6082:§ List
6076:
6061:§ List
6055:
6040:§ List
6034:
6019:§ List
6013:
5998:§ List
5992:
5977:§ List
5971:
5956:§ List
5950:
5935:§ List
5929:
5914:§ List
5908:
5893:§ List
5887:
5872:§ List
5866:
5851:§ List
5845:
5830:§ List
5824:
5809:§ List
5803:
5788:§ List
5782:
5765:§ List
5759:
5744:§ List
5738:
5734:
5714:§ List
5708:
5693:§ List
5687:
5672:§ List
5666:
5651:§ List
5645:
5630:§ List
5624:
5609:§ List
5603:
5588:§ List
5582:
5567:§ List
5561:
5546:§ List
5540:
5525:§ List
5519:
5504:§ List
5498:
5483:§ List
5477:
5462:§ List
5456:
5441:§ List
5435:
5420:§ List
5414:
5399:§ List
5393:
5376:§ List
5370:
5355:§ List
5349:
5345:
5325:§ List
5319:
5304:§ List
5298:
5283:§ List
5277:
5262:§ List
5256:
5241:§ List
5235:
5220:§ List
5214:
5197:§ List
5191:
5176:§ List
5170:
5166:
5146:§ List
5140:
5125:§ List
5119:
5104:§ List
5098:
5083:§ List
5077:
5062:§ List
5056:
5041:§ List
5035:
5018:§ List
5012:
4997:§ List
4991:
4987:
4967:§ List
4961:
4944:§ List
4938:
4934:
4873:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4725:
4718:
4689:
4673:
4644:
4628:
4599:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4532:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4480:. Archived from
4447:
4441:
4440:
4410:
4401:
4400:
4385:(1st ed.).
4377:
4371:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4338:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4305:
4294:
4288:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4244:
4238:
4227:
4221:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4147:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3978:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3884:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3850:
3841:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3760:
3747:Washington State
3741:, thanks to the
3736:
3734:
3733:
3726:
3725:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3685:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3661:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3579:such as for the
3558:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3528:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3482:unsaturated zone
3463:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3453:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3425:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3379:
3365:, for example).
3355:thermal neutrons
3344:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3334:
3322:isotopes of lead
3310:neptunium series
3307:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3297:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3234:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3151:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3133:
3110:protactinium-232
3070:Electron capture
3041:Electron capture
3035:protactinium-231
3010:Notable isotopes
2963:
2958:
2951:
2930:
2923:
2911:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2886:1.61–6.5 Ma
2876:
2867:
2847:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2814:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2782:
2777:
2763:
2752:8.3–8.5 ka
2745:
2740:
2733:4.7–7.4 ka
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:1.3–1.6 ka
2703:
2698:
2684:
2677:
2667:
2653:
2648:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2541:
2532:
2514:
2454:Fission products
2423:
2416:
2409:
2398:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2336:proton drip line
2332:
2326:
2323:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2265:Electron capture
2248:
2247:
2246:Modes of decay:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2198:
2193:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2081:5.5(1) min
2078:0(50)# keV
2075:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2065:
2043:2.2(2) min
2031:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2021:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1977:
1941:20(15) keV
1938:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1928:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1883:
1860:2.356(3) d
1857:239.0529390(22)
1848:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1838:
1819:112(39) ns
1813:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1803:
1781:2.117(2) d
1778:238.0509464(20)
1769:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1759:
1709:237.0481734(20)
1700:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1690:
1657:60(50) keV
1654:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1644:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1584:
1545:235.0440633(21)
1536:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1526:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1481:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1333:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1252:4.6(3) min
1240:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1200:4.0(2) min
1188:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1137:61.4(14) s
1125:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1115:
1085:510(60) ms
1073:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1020:
986:
985:
984:
977:
976:
946:
944:
943:
924:
923:
922:
915:
914:
892:
890:
889:
870:
869:
868:
861:
860:
838:
836:
835:
817:
816:
815:
808:
807:
785:
783:
782:
763:
762:
761:
754:
753:
729:
727:
726:
707:
706:
705:
698:
697:
640:
610:
606:List of isotopes
600:proton drip line
585:
584:
583:
576:
575:
554:electron capture
551:
550:
549:
542:
541:
529:
528:
527:
520:
519:
511:
510:
509:
502:
501:
493:
492:
491:
484:
483:
468:
467:
466:
459:
458:
442:
441:
440:
433:
432:
424:
423:
422:
415:
414:
402:
401:
400:
393:
392:
366:
365:
364:
357:
356:
344:
343:
342:
335:
334:
322:
320:
319:
312:
311:
270:
263:
256:
236:
231:
213:
208:
206:
184:
172:
158:
153:
151:
131:
117:
110:
85:
53:
49:
47:
46:
21:
7655:
7654:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7644:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7579:
7573:
7566:
7552:
7545:
7531:
7524:
7510:
7503:
7489:
7482:
7468:
7461:
7447:
7440:
7426:
7419:
7405:
7398:
7384:
7377:
7363:
7356:
7342:
7335:
7321:
7314:
7300:
7293:
7277:
7265:
7258:
7244:
7237:
7223:
7216:
7202:
7195:
7181:
7174:
7160:
7153:
7139:
7132:
7118:
7111:
7097:
7090:
7076:
7069:
7055:
7048:
7034:
7027:
7013:
7006:
6992:
6985:
6969:
6952:
6945:
6931:
6924:
6901:
6894:
6880:
6873:
6859:
6852:
6838:
6831:
6817:
6810:
6796:
6789:
6775:
6768:
6754:
6747:
6733:
6726:
6712:
6705:
6691:
6684:
6670:
6663:
6649:
6642:
6628:
6621:
6607:
6600:
6586:
6579:
6563:
6558:
6551:
6537:
6530:
6507:
6500:
6486:
6479:
6465:
6458:
6444:
6437:
6423:
6416:
6402:
6395:
6381:
6374:
6360:
6353:
6339:
6332:
6318:
6311:
6297:
6290:
6276:
6269:
6255:
6248:
6234:
6227:
6213:
6206:
6192:
6185:
6169:
6164:
6157:
6143:
6136:
6113:
6106:
6092:
6085:
6071:
6064:
6050:
6043:
6029:
6022:
6008:
6001:
5987:
5980:
5966:
5959:
5945:
5938:
5924:
5917:
5903:
5896:
5882:
5875:
5861:
5854:
5840:
5833:
5819:
5812:
5798:
5791:
5775:
5768:
5754:
5747:
5724:
5717:
5703:
5696:
5682:
5675:
5661:
5654:
5640:
5633:
5619:
5612:
5598:
5591:
5577:
5570:
5556:
5549:
5535:
5528:
5514:
5507:
5493:
5486:
5472:
5465:
5451:
5444:
5430:
5423:
5409:
5402:
5386:
5379:
5365:
5358:
5335:
5328:
5314:
5307:
5293:
5286:
5272:
5265:
5251:
5244:
5230:
5223:
5207:
5200:
5186:
5179:
5156:
5149:
5135:
5128:
5114:
5107:
5093:
5086:
5072:
5065:
5051:
5044:
5028:
5021:
5007:
5000:
4977:
4970:
4954:
4947:
4922:Halogens
4886:
4881:
4761:
4752:
4715:
4692:
4676:
4636:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4558:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4530:10.1038/515484a
4502:
4501:
4497:
4487:
4485:
4470:10.2307/4014034
4449:
4448:
4444:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4366:
4362:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4324:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4295:
4291:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4249:Nuclear Physics
4246:
4245:
4241:
4235:nuclear reactor
4231:thermal neutron
4228:
4224:
4207:
4203:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3882:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3825:nuclear fallout
3811:neutron capture
3799:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:Stockpiles of
3710:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:~ 88 years) of
3653:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3589:Cassini–Huygens
3585:Voyager program
3573:Apollo missions
3554:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3511:Main articles:
3509:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3396:neutron capture
3386:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3308:decays via the
3304:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3271:irradiation of
3259:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3056:
3017:
3012:
3003:
2978:neutron capture
2841:327–375 ka
2810:150–250 ka
2689:430–900 a
2668:
2665:
2660:141–351 a
2445:
2428:
2427:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2373:neutron capture
2370:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2294:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2206:
2197:
2183:
2164:244.06785(32)#
2152:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1902:240.056162(16)
1890:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1660:22.5(4) h
1651:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1352:232.04011(11)#
1340:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1134:228.03618(21)#
1122:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1042:35(10) ms
1039:226.03515(10)#
1027:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1014:
983:
981:
980:
979:
975:
973:
972:
971:
970:
941:
939:
938:
936:
933:224.03422(21)#
921:
919:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
909:
908:
887:
885:
884:
882:
879:223.03285(21)#
867:
865:
864:
863:
859:
857:
856:
855:
854:
833:
831:
830:
828:
814:
812:
811:
810:
806:
804:
803:
802:
801:
780:
778:
777:
775:
772:220.03254(21)#
760:
758:
757:
756:
752:
750:
749:
748:
747:
724:
722:
721:
719:
704:
702:
701:
700:
696:
694:
693:
692:
691:
679:
674:
670:
663:
660:
655:
652:
647:
641:
634:
614:
608:
582:
580:
579:
578:
574:
572:
571:
570:
569:
548:
546:
545:
544:
540:
538:
537:
536:
535:
526:
524:
523:
522:
518:
516:
515:
514:
513:
508:
506:
505:
504:
500:
498:
497:
496:
495:
490:
488:
487:
486:
482:
480:
479:
478:
477:
472:
465:
463:
462:
461:
457:
455:
454:
453:
452:
439:
437:
436:
435:
431:
429:
428:
427:
426:
421:
419:
418:
417:
413:
411:
410:
409:
408:
399:
397:
396:
395:
391:
389:
388:
387:
386:
372:neutron capture
363:
361:
360:
359:
355:
353:
352:
351:
350:
341:
339:
338:
337:
333:
331:
330:
329:
328:
318:
316:
315:
314:
310:
308:
307:
306:
304:
297:stable isotopes
286:
274:
234:
229:
211:
204:
202:
182:
168:
156:
149:
147:
127:
113:
108:
83:
76:
69:abundance
44:
40:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7653:
7651:
7643:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7622:
7621:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7590:
7584:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7575:
7567:
7556:
7554:
7546:
7535:
7533:
7525:
7514:
7512:
7504:
7493:
7491:
7483:
7472:
7470:
7462:
7451:
7449:
7441:
7430:
7428:
7420:
7409:
7407:
7399:
7388:
7386:
7378:
7367:
7365:
7357:
7346:
7344:
7336:
7325:
7323:
7315:
7304:
7302:
7294:
7283:
7281:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7267:
7259:
7248:
7246:
7238:
7227:
7225:
7217:
7206:
7204:
7196:
7185:
7183:
7175:
7164:
7162:
7154:
7143:
7141:
7133:
7122:
7120:
7112:
7101:
7099:
7091:
7080:
7078:
7070:
7059:
7057:
7049:
7038:
7036:
7028:
7017:
7015:
7007:
6996:
6994:
6986:
6975:
6973:
6966:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6946:
6935:
6933:
6925:
6914:
6912:
6904:
6903:
6895:
6884:
6882:
6874:
6863:
6861:
6853:
6842:
6840:
6832:
6821:
6819:
6811:
6800:
6798:
6790:
6779:
6777:
6769:
6758:
6756:
6748:
6737:
6735:
6727:
6716:
6714:
6706:
6695:
6693:
6685:
6674:
6672:
6664:
6653:
6651:
6643:
6632:
6630:
6622:
6611:
6609:
6601:
6590:
6588:
6580:
6569:
6567:
6560:
6552:
6541:
6539:
6531:
6520:
6518:
6510:
6509:
6501:
6490:
6488:
6480:
6469:
6467:
6459:
6448:
6446:
6438:
6427:
6425:
6417:
6406:
6404:
6396:
6385:
6383:
6375:
6364:
6362:
6354:
6343:
6341:
6333:
6322:
6320:
6312:
6301:
6299:
6291:
6280:
6278:
6270:
6259:
6257:
6249:
6238:
6236:
6228:
6217:
6215:
6207:
6196:
6194:
6186:
6175:
6173:
6166:
6158:
6147:
6145:
6137:
6126:
6124:
6116:
6115:
6107:
6096:
6094:
6086:
6075:
6073:
6065:
6054:
6052:
6044:
6033:
6031:
6023:
6012:
6010:
6002:
5991:
5989:
5981:
5970:
5968:
5960:
5949:
5947:
5939:
5928:
5926:
5918:
5907:
5905:
5897:
5886:
5884:
5876:
5865:
5863:
5855:
5844:
5842:
5834:
5823:
5821:
5813:
5802:
5800:
5792:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5769:
5758:
5756:
5748:
5737:
5735:
5727:
5726:
5718:
5707:
5705:
5697:
5686:
5684:
5676:
5665:
5663:
5655:
5644:
5642:
5634:
5623:
5621:
5613:
5602:
5600:
5592:
5581:
5579:
5571:
5560:
5558:
5550:
5539:
5537:
5529:
5518:
5516:
5508:
5497:
5495:
5487:
5476:
5474:
5466:
5455:
5453:
5445:
5434:
5432:
5424:
5413:
5411:
5403:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5380:
5369:
5367:
5359:
5348:
5346:
5338:
5337:
5329:
5318:
5316:
5308:
5297:
5295:
5287:
5276:
5274:
5266:
5255:
5253:
5245:
5234:
5232:
5224:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5201:
5190:
5188:
5180:
5169:
5167:
5159:
5158:
5150:
5139:
5137:
5129:
5118:
5116:
5108:
5097:
5095:
5087:
5076:
5074:
5066:
5055:
5053:
5045:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5022:
5011:
5009:
5001:
4990:
4988:
4980:
4979:
4971:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4948:
4937:
4935:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4882:alkali metals
4878:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4713:
4690:
4674:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4583:
4582:
4571:
4565:
4544:
4495:
4484:on 26 May 2024
4442:
4402:
4396:978-3527633029
4395:
4372:
4360:
4330:
4327:on 2011-05-19.
4306:
4289:
4276:
4239:
4222:
4201:
4183:
4133:
4092:
4039:
3998:
3964:
3929:(19): 192503.
3904:
3870:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3798:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3766:
3758:
3751:atomic weapons
3745:(operating in
3731:
3723:
3709:
3701:
3691:
3683:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3553:
3545:
3534:
3526:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3459:
3451:
3436:also forms in
3431:
3423:
3385:
3377:
3370:
3367:
3351:nuclear weapon
3340:
3332:
3303:
3295:
3280:
3277:
3258:
3250:
3240:
3232:
3219:
3211:
3193:
3185:
3175:
3167:
3157:
3149:
3139:
3131:
3114:
3113:
3106:Alpha emission
3103:
3081:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3038:
3027:Alpha emission
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2998:neutron poison
2994:
2987:
2981:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2787:32–76 ka
2785:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2451:
2440:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2377:
2375:in uranium ore
2361:
2352:
2340:
2327:
2315:
2306:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2239:
2230:
2217:
2213:nuclear isomer
2203:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:243.06428(3)#
2118:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:242.06164(21)
2038:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1582:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1459:4.4(1) d
1457:
1456:234.042895(9)
1454:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
982:
974:
967:
966:
963:
959:
958:
956:
953:
950:
947:
934:
931:
928:
925:
920:
912:
905:
904:
902:
899:
896:
893:
880:
877:
874:
871:
866:
858:
851:
850:
848:
845:
842:
839:
826:
824:
821:
818:
813:
805:
798:
797:
795:
792:
789:
786:
773:
770:
767:
764:
759:
751:
744:
743:
741:
738:
735:
730:
717:
714:
711:
708:
703:
695:
688:
687:
683:
682:
675:
664:
656:
648:
642:
629:
622:
615:
607:
604:
581:
573:
566:decay products
564:. The primary
558:alpha emission
547:
539:
525:
517:
507:
499:
489:
481:
470:
464:
456:
438:
430:
420:
412:
398:
390:
362:
354:
340:
332:
317:
309:
284:
276:
275:
273:
272:
265:
258:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
237:
232:
227:
224:
220:
219:
214:
209:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
179:
178:
173:
165:
164:
159:
154:
145:
142:
138:
137:
132:
124:
123:
118:
111:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
86:
81:
71:
66:
63:
62:
57:
56:Main isotopes
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7652:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7627:
7625:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7572:
7571:
7564:
7560:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7543:
7539:
7534:
7530:
7529:
7522:
7518:
7513:
7509:
7508:
7501:
7497:
7492:
7488:
7487:
7480:
7476:
7471:
7467:
7466:
7459:
7455:
7450:
7446:
7445:
7438:
7434:
7429:
7425:
7424:
7417:
7413:
7408:
7404:
7403:
7396:
7392:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7375:
7371:
7366:
7362:
7361:
7354:
7350:
7345:
7341:
7340:
7333:
7329:
7324:
7320:
7319:
7312:
7308:
7303:
7299:
7298:
7291:
7287:
7282:
7275:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7263:
7256:
7252:
7247:
7243:
7242:
7235:
7231:
7226:
7222:
7221:
7214:
7210:
7205:
7201:
7200:
7193:
7189:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7172:
7168:
7163:
7159:
7158:
7151:
7147:
7142:
7138:
7137:
7130:
7126:
7121:
7117:
7116:
7109:
7105:
7100:
7096:
7095:
7088:
7084:
7079:
7075:
7074:
7067:
7063:
7058:
7054:
7053:
7046:
7042:
7037:
7033:
7032:
7025:
7021:
7016:
7012:
7011:
7004:
7000:
6995:
6991:
6990:
6983:
6979:
6974:
6967:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6956:
6951:
6950:
6943:
6939:
6934:
6930:
6929:
6922:
6918:
6913:
6910:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6899:
6892:
6888:
6883:
6879:
6878:
6871:
6867:
6862:
6858:
6857:
6850:
6846:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6829:
6825:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6808:
6804:
6799:
6795:
6794:
6787:
6783:
6778:
6774:
6773:
6766:
6762:
6757:
6753:
6752:
6745:
6741:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6724:
6720:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6703:
6699:
6694:
6690:
6689:
6682:
6678:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6661:
6657:
6652:
6648:
6647:
6640:
6636:
6631:
6627:
6626:
6619:
6615:
6610:
6606:
6605:
6598:
6594:
6589:
6585:
6584:
6577:
6573:
6568:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6549:
6545:
6540:
6536:
6535:
6528:
6524:
6519:
6516:
6512:
6511:
6506:
6505:
6498:
6494:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6477:
6473:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6456:
6452:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6435:
6431:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6414:
6410:
6405:
6401:
6400:
6393:
6389:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6372:
6368:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6351:
6347:
6342:
6338:
6337:
6330:
6326:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6309:
6305:
6300:
6296:
6295:
6288:
6284:
6279:
6275:
6274:
6267:
6263:
6258:
6254:
6253:
6246:
6242:
6237:
6233:
6232:
6225:
6221:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6204:
6200:
6195:
6191:
6190:
6183:
6179:
6174:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6155:
6151:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6134:
6130:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6104:
6100:
6095:
6091:
6090:
6083:
6079:
6074:
6070:
6069:
6062:
6058:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6041:
6037:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6020:
6016:
6011:
6007:
6006:
5999:
5995:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5978:
5974:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5936:
5932:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5894:
5890:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5873:
5869:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5838:
5831:
5827:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5810:
5806:
5801:
5797:
5796:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5766:
5762:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5745:
5741:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5722:
5715:
5711:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5694:
5690:
5685:
5681:
5680:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5660:
5659:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5639:
5638:
5631:
5627:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5610:
5606:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5576:
5575:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5547:
5543:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5526:
5522:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5484:
5480:
5475:
5471:
5470:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5442:
5438:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5421:
5417:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5400:
5396:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5356:
5352:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5333:
5326:
5322:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5305:
5301:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5242:
5238:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5221:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5154:
5147:
5143:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5105:
5101:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5063:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5042:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5005:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4945:
4941:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4887:earth metals
4884:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4749:
4744:
4742:
4737:
4735:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4716:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4595:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4580:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4496:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4446:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4323:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4194:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4156:(4): 044302.
4155:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4134:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4057:(3): 032502.
4056:
4052:
4051:
4043:
4040:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3859:(3): 030001.
3858:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3807:plutonium-239
3804:
3797:Neptunium-239
3796:
3794:
3774:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3715:
3677:
3675:
3649:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3591:mission, and
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3518:
3514:
3513:Plutonium-238
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:volcanic tuff
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3466:radionuclides
3445:
3443:
3442:americium-241
3439:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3347:fast neutrons
3325:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3285:
3279:Neptunium-237
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3227:
3205:
3201:
3125:
3123:
3122:critical mass
3119:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3088:plutonium-236
3085:
3084:Beta emission
3082:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3059:Neptunium-236
3054:Neptunium-236
3053:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:Neptunium-235
3015:Neptunium-235
3014:
3009:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2920:
2918:
2917:15–24 Ma
2915:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2811:
2806:
2790:
2786:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2768:24.1 ka
2767:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2711:
2707:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2659:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2626:
2623:
2611:
2605:
2587:
2584:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:Cluster decay
2253:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:241.05825(8)
1995:
1992:
1989:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1949:
1946:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1714:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1665:
1662:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1603:236.04657(5)
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1501:
1498:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1412:
1409:
1404:233.04074(5)
1377:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1305:
1300:231.03825(5)
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1249:230.03783(6)
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1202:
1197:229.03626(9)
1170:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1139:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1090:
1087:
1082:227.03496(8)
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
995:225.03391(8)
994:
991:
988:
969:
968:
964:
961:
960:
951:
948:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
881:
878:
875:
872:
853:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
827:
825:
822:
819:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
774:
771:
768:
765:
746:
745:
742:
739:
736:
734:
731:
718:
716:219.03162(9)
715:
712:
709:
690:
689:
684:
681:
673:
668:
662:
654:
646:
638:
633:
632:Isotopic mass
628:
627:
621:
620:
611:
605:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
567:
563:
562:beta emission
559:
555:
533:
474:
473:22.5 hours).
450:
446:
406:
384:
383:radioisotopes
379:
377:
374:reactions by
373:
368:
348:
326:
321:
302:
298:
294:
290:
282:
271:
266:
264:
259:
257:
252:
251:
248:
241:
238:
233:
221:
218:
215:
210:
199:
192:
189:
186:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
167:
166:
163:
160:
155:
139:
136:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
112:
105:
98:
95:
94:product
92:
90:
87:
80:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
64:
61:
54:
50:
38:
34:
19:
18:Neptunium-224
7592:Categories:
7568:
7547:
7526:
7505:
7484:
7463:
7442:
7421:
7400:
7379:
7369:
7358:
7337:
7316:
7295:
7260:
7239:
7218:
7197:
7176:
7155:
7134:
7113:
7092:
7071:
7050:
7029:
7008:
6987:
6947:
6926:
6896:
6875:
6854:
6833:
6812:
6791:
6770:
6749:
6728:
6707:
6686:
6665:
6644:
6623:
6602:
6581:
6553:
6532:
6502:
6481:
6460:
6439:
6418:
6397:
6376:
6355:
6334:
6313:
6292:
6271:
6250:
6229:
6208:
6187:
6159:
6138:
6108:
6087:
6066:
6045:
6024:
6003:
5982:
5961:
5940:
5919:
5898:
5877:
5856:
5835:
5814:
5793:
5770:
5749:
5719:
5698:
5677:
5656:
5635:
5614:
5593:
5572:
5551:
5530:
5509:
5488:
5467:
5446:
5425:
5404:
5381:
5360:
5330:
5309:
5288:
5267:
5246:
5225:
5202:
5181:
5151:
5130:
5109:
5088:
5067:
5046:
5023:
5002:
4972:
4949:
4925:Noble gases
4880:Hydrogen and
4694:
4654:
4650:
4609:
4605:
4574:
4568:
4557:. Retrieved
4547:
4512:
4508:
4498:
4486:. Retrieved
4482:the original
4461:
4457:Science News
4455:
4445:
4420:
4414:
4382:
4375:
4363:
4346:
4342:
4322:the original
4309:
4292:
4279:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4225:
4217:
4204:
4186:
4153:
4149:
4136:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3984:
3980:
3967:
3926:
3920:
3916:
3890:
3886:
3873:
3856:
3852:
3839:
3819:
3800:
3716:
3678:
3645:
3631:Shortage of
3621:
3593:New Horizons
3577:space probes
3520:
3446:
3408:fast neutron
3372:
3359:fast reactor
3326:
3314:thallium-205
3290:
3126:
3115:
3105:
3083:
3069:
3058:
3057:
3049:
3040:
3031:decay energy
3026:
3019:
3018:
2944:
2863:1.33 Ma
2663:
2625:29–97 a
2586:10–29 a
2496:
2487:
2478:
2470:
2380:
2371:Produced by
2355:
2343:
2330:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2242:
2233:
2225:
2220:
2207:
2184:
1557:
1556:
1496:~9 min
625:
618:
592:protactinium
475:
380:
369:
299:. The first
279:
230:2.356 d
109:396.1 d
78:
4464:(17): 259.
4423:: 315–322.
4302:quadrillion
4112:: 303–308.
4018:: 212–216.
3821:Uranium-237
3815:uranium-238
3803:uranium-239
3674:γ-radiation
3490:water table
3412:uranium-238
3404:uranium-236
3400:uranium-235
3273:uranium-238
3096:thorium-228
3092:uranium-232
3078:thorium-232
3074:uranium-236
3045:uranium-235
2941:80 Ma
2509:<0.001%
2506:0.04–1.25%
2438:decay chain
1947:β (99.89%)
1609:EC (87.3%)
1570:α (.0026%)
1410:β (99.99%)
1358:β (99.99%)
1088:α (99.95%)
449:meta states
445:radioactive
327:to produce
7624:Categories
4559:2013-10-13
4488:7 November
4255:(2): 299.
3831:References
3642:stockpiles
3507:production
3488:above the
3349:, as in a
2526:4–6 a
1735:(various)
1622:β (12.5%)
1423:α (.001%)
1371:α (.003%)
1312:(5/2)(+#)
1167:(various)
532:decay mode
347:beta decay
7635:Neptunium
4705:CRC Press
4657:: 3–128,
4612:: 3–128,
4349:: 38–44.
4214:radon-222
4178:125251822
4087:220965400
3959:169038981
3648:half-life
3646:The long
3603:mission (
3601:Mars 2020
3478:oxidizing
3327:In 2002,
3318:actinides
3202:and as a
2996:þ,
2983:ƒ,
2666:half-life
2443:Half-life
2434:Actinides
1663:EC (52%)
1630:α (.16%)
1101:β (.05%)
680:abundance
645:Half-life
405:half-life
281:Neptunium
207:10 y
152:10 y
74:half-life
37:neptunium
7594:Isotopes
7559:Isotopes
7538:Isotopes
7517:Isotopes
7496:Isotopes
7475:Isotopes
7454:Isotopes
7433:Isotopes
7412:Isotopes
7391:Isotopes
7370:Isotopes
7349:Isotopes
7328:Isotopes
7307:Isotopes
7286:Isotopes
7251:Isotopes
7230:Isotopes
7209:Isotopes
7188:Isotopes
7167:Isotopes
7146:Isotopes
7125:Isotopes
7104:Isotopes
7083:Isotopes
7062:Isotopes
7041:Isotopes
7020:Isotopes
6999:Isotopes
6978:Isotopes
6938:Isotopes
6917:Isotopes
6909:⑧
6887:Isotopes
6866:Isotopes
6845:Isotopes
6824:Isotopes
6803:Isotopes
6782:Isotopes
6761:Isotopes
6740:Isotopes
6719:Isotopes
6698:Isotopes
6677:Isotopes
6656:Isotopes
6635:Isotopes
6614:Isotopes
6593:Isotopes
6572:Isotopes
6544:Isotopes
6523:Isotopes
6515:⑦
6493:Isotopes
6472:Isotopes
6451:Isotopes
6430:Isotopes
6409:Isotopes
6388:Isotopes
6367:Isotopes
6346:Isotopes
6325:Isotopes
6304:Isotopes
6283:Isotopes
6262:Isotopes
6241:Isotopes
6220:Isotopes
6199:Isotopes
6178:Isotopes
6150:Isotopes
6129:Isotopes
6121:⑥
6099:Isotopes
6078:Isotopes
6057:Isotopes
6036:Isotopes
6015:Isotopes
5994:Isotopes
5973:Isotopes
5952:Isotopes
5931:Isotopes
5910:Isotopes
5889:Isotopes
5868:Isotopes
5847:Isotopes
5826:Isotopes
5805:Isotopes
5784:Isotopes
5761:Isotopes
5740:Isotopes
5732:⑤
5710:Isotopes
5689:Isotopes
5668:Isotopes
5647:Isotopes
5626:Isotopes
5605:Isotopes
5584:Isotopes
5563:Isotopes
5542:Isotopes
5521:Isotopes
5500:Isotopes
5479:Isotopes
5458:Isotopes
5437:Isotopes
5416:Isotopes
5395:Isotopes
5372:Isotopes
5351:Isotopes
5343:④
5321:Isotopes
5300:Isotopes
5279:Isotopes
5258:Isotopes
5237:Isotopes
5216:Isotopes
5193:Isotopes
5172:Isotopes
5164:③
5142:Isotopes
5121:Isotopes
5100:Isotopes
5079:Isotopes
5058:Isotopes
5037:Isotopes
5014:Isotopes
4993:Isotopes
4985:②
4963:Isotopes
4940:Isotopes
4932:①
4885:Alkaline
4755:Isotopes
4641:(2003),
4596:(2003),
4539:25428482
4437:24731718
4210:polonium
4079:32745401
3951:31144958
3476:) where
3269:deuteron
3100:lead-208
1743:(4×10%)
1732:(2×10%)
1676:β (48%)
1306:β (98%)
1255:β (97%)
1216:β (49%)
1203:α (51%)
1164:(.012%)
1152:α (41%)
1140:β (59%)
998:6(5) ms
962:α (17%)
949:α (83%)
945: μs
891: μs
837: ns
784: μs
728: ms
678:Isotopic
659:Daughter
325:neutrons
33:Isotopes
7561:
7540:
7519:
7498:
7477:
7456:
7435:
7414:
7393:
7372:
7351:
7330:
7309:
7288:
7269:
7253:
7232:
7211:
7190:
7169:
7148:
7127:
7106:
7085:
7064:
7043:
7022:
7001:
6980:
6940:
6919:
6889:
6868:
6847:
6826:
6805:
6784:
6763:
6742:
6721:
6700:
6679:
6658:
6637:
6616:
6595:
6574:
6546:
6525:
6495:
6474:
6453:
6432:
6411:
6390:
6369:
6348:
6327:
6306:
6285:
6264:
6243:
6222:
6201:
6180:
6152:
6131:
6101:
6080:
6059:
6038:
6017:
5996:
5975:
5954:
5933:
5912:
5891:
5870:
5849:
5828:
5807:
5786:
5763:
5742:
5712:
5691:
5670:
5649:
5628:
5607:
5586:
5565:
5544:
5523:
5502:
5481:
5460:
5439:
5418:
5397:
5374:
5353:
5323:
5302:
5281:
5260:
5239:
5218:
5195:
5174:
5144:
5123:
5102:
5081:
5060:
5039:
5016:
4995:
4965:
4942:
4788:
4757:of the
4659:Bibcode
4614:Bibcode
4517:Bibcode
4478:4014034
4389:. 231.
4257:Bibcode
4158:Bibcode
4114:Bibcode
4059:Bibcode
4020:Bibcode
3931:Bibcode
3484:of the
3224:or the
3118:fissile
2985:fissile
2503:4.5–7%
2446:range (
2350:nuclide
2348:Fissile
2132:(5/2−)
2008:(5/2+)
1963:(.11%)
1416:(5/2+)
1319:α (2%)
1267:α (3%)
740:(9/2−)
661:isotope
613:Nuclide
568:before
403:with a
376:uranium
301:isotope
4875:Period
4711:
4643:"The N
4598:"The N
4537:
4509:Nature
4476:
4435:
4393:
4304:years.
4176:
4085:
4077:
3957:
3949:
3587:, the
3583:, the
3474:Nevada
3265:proton
3226:isomer
3029:: the
2993:(NORM)
2226:σ
1917:Trace
1872:Trace
1724:Trace
1209:5/2+#
1094:5/2−#
1007:9/2−#
672:parity
226:trace
144:synth
39:
4773:Group
4645:UBASE
4600:UBASE
4474:JSTOR
4325:(PDF)
4318:(PDF)
4196:(PDF)
4174:S2CID
4146:(pdf)
4083:S2CID
3977:(PDF)
3955:S2CID
3883:(PDF)
3849:(PDF)
3771:from
3617:MMRTG
3063:decay
2462:yield
2176:(7−)
2052:(1+)
1953:1(+)
1914:(5+)
1869:5/2+
1721:5/2+
1615:(6−)
1563:5/2+
1468:(0+)
1364:(4+)
901:9/2−
725:−0.07
723:+0.72
651:Decay
552:, is
323:with
203:2.144
198:trace
104:synth
60:Decay
7574:102
7553:101
7532:100
6953:120
6932:119
6902:118
6881:117
6860:116
6839:115
6818:114
6797:113
6776:112
6755:111
6734:110
6713:109
6692:108
6671:107
6650:106
6629:105
6608:104
6587:103
4709:ISBN
4535:PMID
4490:2013
4433:PMID
4391:ISBN
4218:days
4075:PMID
3947:PMID
3609:Mars
3569:NASA
3515:and
3267:and
2192:view
2161:151
2117:150
2088:6+#
2037:149
1993:148
1899:147
1854:146
1775:145
1706:144
1600:143
1542:142
1453:141
1401:140
1349:139
1297:138
1246:137
1194:136
1131:135
1079:134
1036:133
992:132
955:1−#
930:131
886:+100
883:2.15
876:130
847:1-#
834:−110
832:+260
823:129
794:1−#
769:127
720:0.15
713:126
667:Spin
653:mode
590:and
586:are
269:edit
262:talk
255:view
148:1.54
89:mode
7511:99
7490:98
7469:97
7448:96
7427:95
7406:94
7385:93
7364:92
7343:91
7322:90
7301:89
7266:70
7245:69
7224:68
7203:67
7182:66
7161:65
7140:64
7119:63
7098:62
7077:61
7056:60
7035:59
7014:58
6993:57
6949:Ubn
6928:Uue
6559:88
6538:87
6508:86
6487:85
6466:84
6445:83
6424:82
6403:81
6382:80
6361:79
6340:78
6319:77
6298:76
6277:75
6256:74
6235:73
6214:72
6193:71
6165:56
6144:55
6114:54
6093:53
6072:52
6051:51
6030:50
6009:49
5988:48
5967:47
5946:46
5925:45
5904:44
5883:43
5862:42
5841:41
5820:40
5799:39
5776:38
5755:37
5725:36
5704:35
5683:34
5662:33
5641:32
5620:31
5599:30
5578:29
5557:28
5536:27
5515:26
5494:25
5473:24
5452:23
5431:22
5410:21
5387:20
5366:19
5336:18
5315:17
5294:16
5273:15
5252:14
5231:13
5208:12
5187:11
5157:10
4667:doi
4655:729
4622:doi
4610:729
4525:doi
4513:515
4466:doi
4462:162
4425:doi
4421:138
4351:doi
4265:doi
4166:doi
4122:doi
4110:771
4067:doi
4055:125
4028:doi
4016:777
3989:doi
3939:doi
3927:122
3895:doi
3861:doi
3813:in
3619:.
3414:or
3398:by
3361:or
2953:Th
2932:Pu
2913:Cm
2897:Pd
2892:Zr
2878:Np
2869:Cs
2849:Se
2835:Pu
2828:Cm
2821:Sn
2816:Tc
2794:Np
2784:Pa
2779:Th
2765:Pu
2747:Cm
2742:Cm
2730:Am
2725:Cm
2720:Th
2715:Pu
2705:Bk
2700:Ra
2686:Cf
2679:Am
2655:Am
2650:Cf
2641:Sn
2636:Sm
2631:Cs
2621:Cm
2616:Pu
2602:Cd
2597:Kr
2592:Sr
2582:Ac
2577:Cf
2572:Pu
2567:Cm
2543:Bk
2534:Eu
2516:Ra
2499:+ 3
2490:+ 2
2481:+ 1
2460:by
2456:of
2436:by
2281:SF:
2271:IT:
2261:EC:
2251:CD:
2173:Pu
2158:93
2129:Pu
2114:93
2049:Pu
2034:93
2005:Pu
1990:93
1966:Np
1950:Pu
1911:Pu
1896:93
1866:Pu
1851:93
1790:2+
1787:Pu
1772:93
1748:Mg
1718:Pa
1703:93
1679:Pu
1633:Pa
1625:Pu
1597:93
1573:Pa
1539:93
1512:EC
1505:5+
1502:Np
1499:IT
1450:93
1426:Pa
1398:93
1374:Pa
1346:93
1322:Pa
1294:93
1270:Pa
1243:93
1206:Pa
1191:93
1160:β,
1155:Pa
1128:93
1091:Pa
1076:93
1048:Pa
1033:93
1004:Pa
989:93
965:Pa
952:Pa
942:−11
940:+26
927:93
898:Pa
888:−52
873:93
844:Pa
829:380
820:93
791:Pa
779:+14
766:93
737:Pa
710:93
669:and
494:to
471:1/2
349:to
223:Np
194:Np
141:Np
100:Np
82:1/2
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