474:
496:
415:
540:
393:
54:
371:
325:, adopted Gaius Octavius, who later became Augustus, Rome's first emperor. Moreover, there were often still family connections: Trajan adopted his first cousin once removed and great-nephew by marriage Hadrian, Hadrian made his half-nephew by marriage Antoninus Pius heir, and the latter adopted both Hadrian's half-great-nephew by marriage Marcus Aurelius (Antonius' nephew by marriage) and the son of
518:
605:
Marcus
Aurelius and Lucius Verus succeeded Antoninus Pius in 161 upon that emperor's death, and co-ruled until Verus' death in 169. Marcus continued the Antonine legacy after Verus' death as an unpretentious and gifted administrator and leader. He died in 180 and was followed by his biological son,
296:
The importance of official adoption in Roman society has often been considered a conscious repudiation of the principle of dynastic inheritance and has been deemed one of the factors of the period's prosperity. However, this was not a new practice. It was common for patrician families to adopt, and
687:
One hypothesis posits that adoptive succession arose because of a lack of biological heirs. All but the last of the adoptive emperors had no legitimate biological sons to succeed them. They were therefore obliged to pick a successor somewhere else; as soon as the
Emperor could look towards a
678:
that their rule was a time when "the Roman Empire was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of wisdom and virtue". Gibbon believed that these benevolent monarchs and their moderate policies were unusual and contrasted with their more tyrannical and oppressive successors.
664:
Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus, and Marcus had no need of praetorian cohorts, or of countless legions to guard them, but were defended by their own good lives, the good-will of their subjects, and the attachment of the
288:
the candidate of his choice to be his successor. Under Roman law, an adoption established a bond legally as strong as that of kinship. Because of this, all but the first and last of the Nerva–Antonine emperors are called
593:
named
Antoninus Pius his son and heir, under the condition that he adopt both Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. Hadrian died that same year, and Antoninus began a peaceful, benevolent reign. He adhered strictly to
440:
was the first of the dynasty. Though his reign was short, it saw a partial reconciliation between the army, the senate and the commoners. Nerva adopted as his son the popular military leader
4469:
735:
656:, were bad, all were good who succeeded by adoption, as in the case of the five from Nerva to Marcus. But as soon as the empire fell once more to the heirs by birth, its ruin recommenced.
674:
4013:
228:
1911:
4197:
2149:
652:
From the study of this history, we may also learn how a good government is to be established; for while all the emperors who succeeded to the throne by birth, except
4464:
4035:
728:
2492:
329:, Lucius Verus. Marcus Aurelius's naming of his son Commodus as heir was considered to be an unfortunate choice and the beginning of the Empire's decline.
1045:
221:
3343:
721:
4190:
3746:
4137:
3998:
332:
With the murder of
Commodus in 192, the Nerva–Antonine dynasty came to an end. It was followed by a brief period of turbulence known as the
3145:
4444:
214:
172:
284:
The first five of the six successions within this dynasty were notable in that the reigning emperor did not have a male heir, and had to
4449:
4229:
4183:
3976:
3957:
2298:
1231:
3081:
38:
3074:
2561:
448:
succeeded Trajan; he had been the latter's heir presumptive, and averred that he had been adopted by him on Trajan's deathbed.
3733:
4459:
3889:
1079:
3629:
Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree.
4028:
4409:
4008:
2485:
1696:
1272:
4030:
3124:
4251:
2250:
1086:
4454:
4397:
3117:
865:
4120:
4029:
4299:
4281:
2784:
1037:
333:
200:
660:
Machiavelli argued that these adopted emperors earned the respect of those around them through good governance:
4323:
4129:
2868:
1265:
53:
589:
In 138, after a long reign dedicated to the cultural unification and consolidation of the empire, the
Emperor
3323:
1936:
4415:
4275:
4219:
3357:
2312:
644:
639:
3880:
4373:
4367:
1507:
495:
473:
414:
4027:
4391:
4265:
4261:
3605:
3316:
2812:
2546:
3883:) gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius. This is also echoed in
539:
4031:
3609:
2861:
1488:
3796:
It is uncertain whether
Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman.
4379:
4096:
2516:
2508:
392:
4032:
4335:
4133:
4076:
3994:
3972:
3953:
700:
318:
4403:
4349:
4317:
3885:
3350:
4033:
4329:
4305:
4287:
4041:
3597:
dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships
2875:
2820:
2792:
1499:
1257:
1030:
635:
575:
501:
337:
266:
193:
135:
31:
3581: lighter purple indicates designated imperial heir of said dynasty who never reigned
3986:
2525:
1478:
1223:
631:
571:
567:
479:
322:
285:
262:
115:
17:
4438:
4343:
4206:
4115:
3935:"De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families"
3572:
2854:
1727:
858:
669:
326:
314:
246:
4118:; Hill, Bennett D.; Buckler, John; Ebrey, Patricia B.; & Beck, Roger B. (2007).
370:
4224:
4045:
3515:
2835:
1759:
599:
595:
579:
523:
270:
125:
4175:
3525:
4246:
696:
4361:
3699:
517:
4256:
3089:
1785:
583:
545:
306:
302:
298:
274:
145:
3132:
3108:
1888:
1768:
1689:
1279:
627:
590:
445:
420:
258:
105:
52:
4125:
1239:
623:
441:
398:
254:
95:
1058:
1013:
688:
biological son to succeed him, adoptive succession was set aside.
653:
619:
437:
376:
250:
85:
3952:. Translated by R. Ross Holloway. Milan: Edizioni Arte e Moneta.
3934:
310:
4179:
4026:
277:(177–192). The first five of these are commonly known as the "
598:
traditions and institutions, and shared his power with the
297:
Roman emperors had adopted heirs in the past: the
Emperor
3593: bluish-purple indicates emperors of other dynasties
30:"Antonine" redirects here. For people with the name, see
3950:
Women of the
Caesars: Their Lives and Portraits on Coins
37:"Antonines" redirects here. For the Catholic order, see
4167:
The
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
675:
The
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
4014:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
3587: grey indicates unsuccessful imperial aspirants
3991:
Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age
3771:
Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163.
3969:Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous
3723:Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161.
4470:2nd-century disestablishments in the Roman Empire
3669:Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161.
3901:Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164.
3639:Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p. 7.
3843:Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10.
662:
650:
167:
3852:Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163.
3691:
3689:
3687:
336:which ended with the establishment of the new
4191:
729:
222:
27:Dynasty of 7 Roman Emperors from AD 96 to 192
8:
3758:Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p. 99 and
3762:; deification: Lamber (1984), pp. 2–5, etc.
4241:
4198:
4184:
4176:
736:
722:
714:
229:
215:
43:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
692:
3710:
3708:
3698:contributor (Herbert W. Benario, 2000),
3677:
3675:
3656:
3654:
4059:
3632:
181:
158:
75:
46:
4465:90s establishments in the Roman Empire
691:The dynasty may be broken up into the
323:the transition from Republic to Empire
4148:
4146:
3523:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3356:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3131:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3107:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3073:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2967:
2901:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2810:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2591:
2560:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2523:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2484:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2336:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2173:
2161:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1910:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1783:
1766:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1658:
1656:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1512:
1506:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1379:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1255:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1011:
989:
987:
985:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
951:
949:
947:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
906:
904:
902:
896:
894:
891:
886:
884:
882:
876:
874:
871:
864:
862:
857:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
753:
707:(after their common name Antoninus).
704:
321:and considered to be instrumental in
7:
327:Hadrian's original planned successor
4048:from 161 until Verus' death in 169.
642:in his posthumously published book
614:The rulers commonly known as the "
249:who ruled from AD 96 to 192:
25:
4416:Emperors/Despots of Thessalonica
4398:Eastern Roman/Byzantine emperors
538:
516:
494:
472:
413:
391:
369:
39:Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony
3879:The epitomator of Cassius Dio (
3571: Reddish-purple indicates
3532:
3096:
2842:
2799:
2532:
1774:
1246:
1065:
1020:
570:who ruled between 138 and 192:
550:
528:
506:
484:
461:
425:
403:
381:
358:
173:Category:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
4066:E.g. by Machiavelli and Gibbon
1:
4077:"Decline of the Roman Empire"
3575:of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty
3344:C. Furius Sabinus Timesitheus
4121:A History of World Societies
4252:Crisis of the Third Century
3993:. Oxford University Press.
1087:Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus
4486:
744:Nerva–Antonine family tree
711:Nerva–Antonine family tree
168:Nerva–Antonine family tree
36:
29:
4239:
4214:
3967:Lambert, Royston (1984).
3948:Giacosa, Giorgio (1977).
3543:
3541:
3521:
3519:
3516:Furia Sabina Tranquillina
3452:
3448:
3446:
3436:
3366:
3364:
3354:
3320:
3313:
3311:L. Aurelius Agaclytus (2)
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3207:
3205:
3189:
3187:
3167:
3154:
3138:
3129:
3114:
3105:
3103:
3078:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2995:
2975:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2887:
2881:
2872:
2858:
2851:
2817:
2808:
2806:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2521:
2505:
2489:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2428:
2426:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2309:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2239:
2237:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2008:
2006:
1994:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1933:
1915:
1896:
1894:
1885:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1828:
1826:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1781:
1764:
1733:
1731:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1697:L. Julius Ursus Servianus
1693:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1485:
1483:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1449:
1447:
1435:
1433:
1421:
1419:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1355:
1353:
1341:
1339:
1325:
1293:
1276:
1262:
1253:
1228:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1114:
1112:
1083:
1041:
1027:
1005:
1003:
1001:
993:
991:
983:
981:
969:
967:
955:
953:
945:
941:
935:
900:
898:
889:
880:
878:
869:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
823:
821:
819:
811:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
767:
763:
761:
759:
638:. The term was coined by
334:Year of the Five Emperors
201:Year of the Five Emperors
4450:Roman imperial dynasties
4130:Houghton Mifflin Company
3603:= posthumously deified (
2493:Calvisia Domitia Lucilla
859:Q. Marcius Barea Soranus
47:Roman imperial dynasties
4278:(27 BC–AD 68)
3125:Ti. Claudius Pompeianus
2251:L. Caesennius Antoninus
699:dynasty after Trajan's
57:The Roman Empire in 125
4445:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
4392:Western Roman emperors
4324:Year of the 6 Emperors
4300:Year of the 5 Emperors
4294:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
4282:Year of the 4 Emperors
4276:Julio-Claudian dynasty
4220:List of Roman emperors
3915:Levick (2014), p. 117.
3870:Giacosa (1977), p. 10.
3834:Levick (2014), p. 164.
3812:Levick (2014), p. 162.
3787:Levick (2014), p. 163.
3660:Levick (2014), p. 161.
3358:Junius Licinius Balbus
3152:Junius Licinius Balbus
3146:M. Plautius Quintillus
3118:M. Annius Verus Caesar
2077:C. Fuscus Salinator II
1889:Julia Serviana Paulina
683:Alternative hypothesis
667:
658:
645:The Discourses on Livy
356:Nerva–Trajan dynasty (
243:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
65:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
58:
18:Nerva-Antonine dynasty
4460:192 disestablishments
4410:Emperors of Trebizond
4374:Valentinianic dynasty
4368:Constantinian dynasty
4156:, Book I, Chapter 10.
4097:"Adoptive Succession"
3933:contributors (2000).
3714:Giacosa (1977), p. 9.
3681:Giacosa (1977), p. 7.
3648:Giacosa (1977), p. 8.
1883:C. Fuscus Salinator I
866:Q. Marcius Barea Sura
56:
4266:Eastern Roman Empire
4262:Western Roman Empire
3971:. New York: Viking.
3890:"Marcus Aurelius" 24
2124:L. Caesennius Paetus
2067:L. Ceionius Commodus
1937:Cn. Arrius Antoninus
1232:C. Salonius Matidius
693:Nerva–Trajan dynasty
349:Nerva–Trajan dynasty
3331:Plautius Quintillus
3324:L. Antistius Burrus
3306:Petronius Antoninus
2869:Q. Servilius Pudens
2862:Plautius Quintillus
2313:C. Avidius Nigrinus
1489:Libo Rupilius Frugi
1266:P. Acilius Attianus
907:P. Aelius Hadrianus
640:Niccolò Machiavelli
4404:Emperors of Nicaea
4380:Theodosian dynasty
4350:Britannic emperors
4154:Discourses on Livy
3734:"Julius Servianus"
2821:C. Avidius Cassius
2150:T. Aurelius Fulvus
616:Five Good Emperors
610:Five Good Emperors
459:Antonine dynasty (
305:, and the Emperor
279:Five Good Emperors
59:
4455:96 establishments
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4336:Illyrian emperors
4318:Barracks emperors
4138:978-0-618-61093-8
4024:
4023:
4000:978-0-19-537941-9
3620:
3619:
3547:
3546:
3082:M. Petronius Sura
1508:L. Vibius Sabinus
887:M. Cocceius Nerva
695:(also called the
319:dictator perpetuo
291:Adoptive Emperors
239:
238:
206:
205:
154:
153:
70:
16:(Redirected from
4477:
4242:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4157:
4150:
4141:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4044:co-reigned with
4018:
4004:
3982:
3963:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3916:
3913:
3902:
3899:
3893:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3853:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3813:
3810:
3797:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3772:
3769:
3763:
3756:
3750:
3743:
3737:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3703:
3693:
3682:
3679:
3670:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3649:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3602:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3570:
3564:(3) = 3rd spouse
3561:(2) = 2nd spouse
3558:(1) = 1st spouse
3553:
3552:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3351:Antonia Gordiana
3336:Plautia Servilla
3157:Servilia Ceionia
3100:
3098:
3092:
3075:Cornificia Minor
2846:
2844:
2838:
2815:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2547:L. Aelius Caesar
2536:
2534:
2528:
2519:
1931:Boionia Procilla
1918:Rupilia Faustina
1788:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1762:
1502:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1226:
1217:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1048:
1024:
1022:
1016:
892:Sergia Plautilla
872:Antonia Furnilla
751:
750:
738:
731:
724:
715:
705:Antonine dynasty
554:
552:
542:
532:
530:
520:
510:
508:
498:
488:
486:
476:
465:
463:
452:Antonine dynasty
429:
427:
417:
407:
405:
395:
385:
383:
373:
362:
360:
245:comprised seven
231:
224:
217:
198:Followed by
191:Preceded by
188:
187:
82:
81:
68:
44:
21:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4385:
4355:
4344:Gallic emperors
4330:Gordian dynasty
4311:
4306:Severan dynasty
4288:Flavian dynasty
4235:
4234:
4210:
4204:
4174:
4173:
4164:
4160:
4151:
4144:
4114:
4110:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4042:Marcus Aurelius
4036:
4034:
4007:
4001:
3987:Levick, Barbara
3985:
3979:
3966:
3960:
3947:
3939:
3937:
3929:
3919:
3914:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3816:
3811:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3786:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3757:
3753:
3744:
3740:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3713:
3706:
3694:
3685:
3680:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3568:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3095:
3093:
3088:
2876:Ceionia Plautia
2841:
2839:
2834:
2829:Aurelia Fadilla
2811:
2798:
2796:
2793:Marcus Aurelius
2791:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2515:
2486:M. Annius Verus
1912:M. Annius Verus
1784:
1773:
1767:
1758:
1500:Salonia Matidia
1498:
1256:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1222:
1215:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1044:
1031:Marcia Furnilla
1019:
1017:
1012:
745:
742:
713:
685:
636:Marcus Aurelius
612:
576:Marcus Aurelius
560:
559:
558:
557:
556:
549:
543:
535:
534:
527:
521:
513:
512:
505:
502:Marcus Aurelius
499:
491:
490:
483:
477:
468:
467:
460:
454:
435:
434:
433:
432:
431:
424:
418:
410:
409:
402:
396:
388:
387:
380:
374:
365:
364:
357:
351:
346:
338:Severan dynasty
273:(161–169), and
267:Marcus Aurelius
235:
199:
194:Flavian dynasty
192:
177:
136:Marcus Aurelius
42:
35:
32:Antonine (name)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4483:
4481:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4437:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4395:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:by time period
4207:Roman emperors
4205:
4203:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4171:
4158:
4142:
4116:McKay, John P.
4108:
4088:
4068:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4011:, ed. (1870).
4009:Smith, William
4005:
3999:
3983:
3977:
3964:
3958:
3945:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3903:
3894:
3872:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3814:
3798:
3789:
3773:
3764:
3751:
3749:, pp. 319–322.
3745:Smith (1870),
3738:
3732:Smith (1870),
3725:
3716:
3704:
3683:
3671:
3662:
3650:
3641:
3631:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3598:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3535: 238–244
3522:
3520:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3317:Aurelia Sabina
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3099: 177–192
3086:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2845: 161–169
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2813:Faustina Minor
2809:
2807:
2805:
2802: 161–180
2789:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2535: 138–161
2526:Antoninus Pius
2522:
2520:
2513:
2511:
2509:M. Annius Libo
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Arria Antonina
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1777: 117–138
1765:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1479:Lucius Mindius
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1273:P. Aelius Afer
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1046:Trajanus Pater
1042:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
919:
918:
916:
914:
912:
909:
908:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
870:
868:
863:
861:
855:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
813:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
747:
746:
743:
741:
740:
733:
726:
718:
712:
709:
703:'Ulpius') and
684:
681:
632:Antoninus Pius
611:
608:
572:Antoninus Pius
568:Roman Emperors
553: 177–192
544:
537:
536:
531: 161–169
522:
515:
514:
509: 161–180
500:
493:
492:
487: 138–161
480:Antoninus Pius
478:
471:
470:
469:
464: 138–192
458:
457:
456:
455:
453:
450:
428: 117–138
419:
412:
411:
397:
390:
389:
375:
368:
367:
366:
355:
354:
353:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
263:Antoninus Pius
247:Roman emperors
237:
236:
234:
233:
226:
219:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
196:
184:
183:
179:
178:
176:
175:
170:
164:
161:
160:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
128:
122:
121:
118:
116:Antoninus Pius
112:
111:
108:
102:
101:
98:
92:
91:
88:
78:
77:
73:
72:
61:
60:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4482:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4201:
4196:
4194:
4189:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:Machiavelli,
4149:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4109:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3978:0-670-15708-2
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3959:0-8390-0193-2
3955:
3951:
3946:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3599:
3596:
3574:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3527:
3517:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3325:
3318:
3300:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3277:
3275:
3266:
3243:
3217:
3215:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3110:
3091:
3083:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3041:
3039:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2921:
2919:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2855:Ceionia Fabia
2849:
2837:
2822:
2814:
2794:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2755:
2753:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2673:
2671:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2548:
2527:
2518:
2510:
2494:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2462:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2378:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2252:
2230:
2227:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2151:
2142:Arria Fadilla
2112:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2091:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2058:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2028:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1938:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1815:
1809:
1787:
1770:
1761:
1729:
1728:Matidia Minor
1721:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1701:
1698:
1691:
1690:Paulina Minor
1652:
1640:
1638:
1609:
1606:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1546:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1501:
1490:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1399:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:Paulina Major
1274:
1267:
1259:
1249: 98–117
1241:
1233:
1225:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1132:
1124:
1122:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1081:
1060:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1015:
1010:
1007:
999:
997:
996:
943:
939:
937:
933:
931:
920:
917:
915:
913:
911:
910:
867:
860:
856:
853:
829:
827:
825:
817:
815:
814:
809:
785:
783:
765:
757:
755:
752:
749:
748:
739:
734:
732:
727:
725:
720:
719:
717:
716:
710:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
682:
680:
677:
676:
671:
670:Edward Gibbon
666:
661:
657:
655:
649:
647:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
609:
607:
603:
601:
597:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
547:
541:
525:
519:
503:
497:
481:
475:
451:
449:
447:
443:
439:
422:
416:
406: 98–117
400:
394:
378:
372:
361: 96–138
348:
343:
341:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:Julius Caesar
312:
308:
304:
300:
294:
292:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
232:
227:
225:
220:
218:
213:
212:
210:
209:
202:
197:
195:
190:
189:
186:
185:
180:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
163:
162:
157:
150:177–192
149:
147:
144:
143:
140:161–180
139:
137:
134:
133:
130:161–169
129:
127:
124:
123:
120:138–161
119:
117:
114:
113:
110:117–138
109:
107:
104:
103:
99:
97:
94:
93:
89:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:
74:
66:
63:
62:
55:
51:
50:
45:
40:
33:
19:
4293:
4225:Roman Empire
4166:
4161:
4153:
4119:
4111:
4100:. Retrieved
4091:
4080:. Retrieved
4071:
4062:
4046:Lucius Verus
4039:
4012:
3990:
3968:
3949:
3938:. Retrieved
3930:
3924:
3897:
3884:
3875:
3848:
3839:
3792:
3767:
3759:
3754:
3741:
3728:
3719:
3695:
3665:
3644:
3635:
3628:
3625:
3604:
2836:Lucius Verus
2305:
2072:Appia Severa
1068: 96–98
1023: 79–81
701:gentile name
690:
686:
673:
668:
663:
659:
651:
643:
615:
613:
604:
600:Roman Senate
588:
580:Lucius Verus
563:
561:
524:Lucius Verus
436:
384: 96–98
331:
309:had adopted
301:had adopted
295:
290:
283:
278:
271:Lucius Verus
242:
240:
126:Lucius Verus
100:98–117
64:
4418:(1224–1246)
4412:(1204–1461)
4406:(1204–1261)
4400:(395–1453)
4362:Tetrarchies
4230:Family tree
4124:(7th ed.).
3925:References:
3526:Gordian III
2293:L. Commodus
648:from 1531:
444:. In turn,
269:(161–180),
265:(138–161),
261:(117–138),
90:96–98
4439:Categories
4320:(235–284)
4247:Principate
4102:2007-09-18
4082:2007-09-18
4054:References
3940:2015-04-14
3601:Small Caps
2785:Cornificia
606:Commodus.
257:(98–117),
182:Succession
76:Chronology
4394:(395–476)
4382:(378–455)
4376:(364–392)
4370:(305–363)
4364:(293–313)
4352:(286–297)
4346:(260–274)
4338:(268–284)
4332:(238–244)
4308:(193–235)
4302:(192–193)
3747:"Hadrian"
3700:"Hadrian"
3614:or other)
672:wrote in
566:are four
564:Antonines
253:(96–98),
4296:(96–192)
4257:Dominate
4165:Gibbon,
4132:, v–vi.
3989:(2014).
3610:Augustae
3090:Commodus
2517:Faustina
2503:Fundania
1786:Antinous
1224:Marciana
584:Commodus
546:Commodus
307:Claudius
303:Tiberius
299:Augustus
275:Commodus
146:Commodus
4290:(69–96)
4284:(68–69)
4169:, I.78.
3606:Augusti
3573:emperor
3133:Lucilla
3109:Fadilla
2306:unknown
2299:Plautia
1769:Hadrian
1258:Plotina
665:senate.
628:Hadrian
618:" were
591:Hadrian
446:Hadrian
421:Hadrian
344:History
259:Hadrian
106:Hadrian
71:96–192)
4245:Early
4136:
4126:Boston
4040:Note:
3997:
3975:
3956:
3760:passim
3626:Notes:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3569:
2562:Avidia
1760:Sabina
1240:Trajan
1216:Flavia
1038:Marcia
697:Ulpian
634:, and
624:Trajan
442:Trajan
399:Trajan
255:Trajan
159:Family
96:Trajan
4326:(238)
3881:72.22
2847:) (1)
1080:Ulpia
1059:Nerva
1014:Titus
654:Titus
620:Nerva
596:Roman
438:Nerva
377:Nerva
286:adopt
251:Nerva
86:Nerva
4264:and
4134:ISBN
3995:ISBN
3973:ISBN
3954:ISBN
582:and
562:The
311:Nero
241:The
3931:DIR
3696:DIR
3326:(1)
3127:(2)
1510:(1)
1491:(3)
1481:(2)
281:".
4441::
4145:^
4128::
3906:^
3886:HA
3857:^
3817:^
3801:^
3776:^
3707:^
3686:^
3674:^
3653:^
3608:,
3533:r.
3097:r.
2843:r.
2800:r.
2533:r.
1775:r.
1247:r.
1066:r.
1021:r.
630:,
626:,
622:,
602:.
586:.
578:,
574:,
551:r.
529:r.
507:r.
485:r.
462:r.
426:r.
404:r.
382:r.
359:r.
340:.
317:,
313:.
293:.
69:AD
4199:e
4192:t
4185:v
4140:.
4105:.
4085:.
4017:.
4003:.
3981:.
3962:.
3943:.
3892:.
3736:.
3702:.
3612:,
3537:)
3530:(
3360:?
3101:)
3094:(
2840:(
2804:)
2797:(
2537:)
2530:(
1779:)
1772:(
1251:)
1244:(
1070:)
1063:(
1025:)
1018:(
737:e
730:t
723:v
555:)
548:(
533:)
526:(
511:)
504:(
489:)
482:(
466:)
430:)
423:(
408:)
401:(
386:)
379:(
363:)
230:e
223:t
216:v
67:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
