842:, then straightens, thereby propelling itself rapidly forward. Functionally this is a fast escape response, triggered most easily by a strong sound wave or pressure wave impinging on the lateral line organ of the fish. Mauthner cells are not the only identified neurons in fish—there are about 20 more types, including pairs of "Mauthner cell analogs" in each spinal segmental nucleus. Although a Mauthner cell is capable of bringing about an escape response all by itself, in the context of ordinary behavior other types of cells usually contribute to shaping the amplitude and direction of the response.
674:
184:
36:
1783:
1772:
239:
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857:, used for pioneering experiments in neurophysiology because of their enormous size, both participate in the fast escape circuit of the squid. The concept of a command neuron has, however, become controversial, because of studies showing that some neurons that initially appeared to fit the description were really only capable of evoking a response in a limited set of circumstances.
5235:
1468:'Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such a way? You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion on my poor nerves.' 'You mistake me, my dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these twenty years at least.'
480:
to the site of injury allowing
Schwann cells, basal lamina, and the neurilemma near the injury to begin producing a regeneration tube. Nerve growth factors are produced causing many nerve sprouts to bud. When one of the growth processes finds the regeneration tube, it begins to grow rapidly towards
837:
of fish. Every fish has two
Mauthner cells, located in the bottom part of the brainstem, one on the left side and one on the right. Each Mauthner cell has an axon that crosses over, innervating (stimulating) neurons at the same brain level and then travelling down through the spinal cord, making
829:
if it has properties that distinguish it from every other neuron in the same animal—properties such as location, neurotransmitter, gene expression pattern, and connectivity—and if every individual organism belonging to the same species has exactly one neuron with the same set of properties. In
1422:
William Cullen as early as 1785 postulated that certain mental disorders were the result of some unknown physical change in the nerves, for which he coined the term neurosis. This term has since quite altered its meaning, as it now refers not to a state of the nerves but to a nervous
481:
its original destination guided the entire time by the regeneration tube. Nerve regeneration is very slow and can take up to several months to complete. While this process does repair some nerves, there will still be some functional deficit as the repairs are not perfect.
652:
nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system is activated in cases of emergencies to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system is activated when organisms are in a relaxed state. The enteric nervous system functions to control the
849:. A command neuron is a special type of identified neuron, defined as a neuron that is capable of driving a specific behavior all by itself. Such neurons appear most commonly in the fast escape systems of various species—the
838:
numerous connections as it goes. The synapses generated by a
Mauthner cell are so powerful that a single action potential gives rise to a major behavioral response: within milliseconds the fish curves its body into a
436:
that section of the body or organ. Other terms relate to whether the nerve affects the same side ("ipsilateral") or opposite side ("contralateral") of the body, to the part of the brain that supplies it.
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vertebrate nervous systems, very few neurons are "identified" in this sense. Researchers believe humans have none—but in simpler nervous systems, some or all neurons may be thus unique.
258:, which forms a complete sleeve around a bundle of axons. Perineurial septae extend into the nerve and subdivide it into several bundles of fibres. Surrounding each such fibre is the
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Specific terms are used to describe nerves and their actions. A nerve that supplies information to the brain from an area of the body, or controls an action of the body is said to
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serve for the nervous system. There is no brain or centralised head region, and instead there are interconnected neurons spread out in nerve nets. These are found in
930:'s 1785 hypothesis associating mental states with physical nerves, although popular or lay medicine may still invoke "nerves" in diagnosing or blaming any sort of
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from nerve irritation (or injury), the amount of endoneurial fluid may increase at the site of irritation. This increase in fluid can be visualized using
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information and outgoing muscle commands in the same bundle. All spinal nerves are mixed nerves, and some of the cranial nerves are also mixed nerves.
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Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; McNamara, James O.; White, Leonard E. (2008).
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771:, weakness, numbness or paralysis, an example being CTS. Symptoms can be felt in areas far from the actual site of damage, a phenomenon called
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262:. This forms an unbroken tube from the surface of the spinal cord to the level where the axon synapses with its muscle fibres, or ends in
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Nerves have historically been considered the basic units of the peripheral nervous system. A nerve provides a common pathway for the
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of the neuron is not damaged, the axons can regenerate and remake the synaptic connections with neurons with the help of
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system. Both autonomic and enteric nervous systems function involuntarily. Nerves that exit from the cranium are called
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301:. Molecules are thereby prevented from crossing the blood into the endoneurial fluid. During the development of nerve
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occurs when pressure is placed on a nerve, usually from swelling due to an injury, or pregnancy and can result in
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Kanda, T (Feb 2013). "Biology of the blood-nerve barrier and its alteration in immune mediated neuropathies".
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neurons conducting at speeds up to 120 m/s. The impulses travel from one neuron to another by crossing a
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in everyday
English we find lay terms such as 'nervous breakdown' that relate to mental illness as a whole
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493:) carried by the individual neurons that make up the nerve. These impulses are extremely fast, with some
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Nerve growth normally ends in adolescence, but can be re-stimulated with a molecular mechanism known as "
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Nerves can be categorized into two groups based on where they connect to the central nervous system:
343:
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of an individual's own immune system damage the myelin sheaths that insulate the axon of the nerve.
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2001:
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528:, in the peripheral nervous system are called nerves, and bundles of afferent fibers are known as
281:
Within the endoneurium, the individual nerve fibres are surrounded by a low-protein liquid called
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1403:. International perspectives in philosophy and psychiatry. Oxford University Press. p. 99.
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A nerve conveys information in the form of electrochemical impulses (as nerve impulses known as
1486:. International perspectives in philosophy and psychiatry. Oxford University Press. p. 1.
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to the central nervous system, where the information is then processed. Bundles of fibres or
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Nerves are categorized into three groups based on the direction that signals are conducted:
263:
153:
149:
1152:"Laser-based single-axon transection for high-content axon injury and regeneration studies"
574:
to and from different parts of its body. In vertebrates it consists of two main parts, the
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2016:
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1366:
1140:(Oct. 22, 1999) — Results Could Boost Understanding Of Alzheimer's, Other Brain Disorders
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nerves, while those nerves that transmit information from the body to the CNS are called
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2006:
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594:. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or
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1996:
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1021:
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834:
775:. Referred pain can happen when the damage causes altered signalling to other areas.
772:
764:
662:
275:
161:
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Within a nerve, each axon is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the
173:
51:
935:
689:
203:. Finally, the entire nerve is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the
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1436:
1211:"Pathophysiology of Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Brief Review: Nerve Regeneration"
898:
699:
can spread by invading the spaces around nerves. This is particularly common in
591:
543:
in the central nervous system to muscles. Bundles of these fibres are known as
384:
361:
259:
255:
227:
216:
200:
192:
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2132:
1840:
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innervate (distribute to/stimulate) much of the body, and connect through the
267:
251:
204:
1101:
97:
2402:
2197:
1978:
1755:
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worry or hesitancy, as in the common traditional phrases "my poor nerves", "
865:
778:
587:
406:
1809:
1195:
1109:
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is sometimes included. In addition, cranial nerves have descriptive names.
199:, and each fascicle is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the
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2335:
1916:
1901:
1879:
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contain both afferent and efferent axons, and thus conduct both incoming
271:
756:
is a disease associated with extensive nerve damage. It occurs when the
3924:
2608:
2526:
2503:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2330:
2313:
2266:
1971:
1921:
1896:
906:
790:
498:
309:, and thus MR neurography can identify nerve irritation and/or injury.
4809:
3886:
3071:
2563:
2558:
2493:
2488:
2434:
2370:
2318:
2237:
2127:
2115:
2070:
2029:
2024:
1966:
1891:
786:
696:
567:
477:
458:
351:
278:, since the neurons of a nerve have fairly high energy requirements.
266:. The endoneurium consists of an inner sleeve of material called the
177:
169:
16:
Enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system
714:
Nerves can be damaged by physical injury as well as conditions like
1627:
Brave New Brain: Conquering Mental
Illness in the Era of the Genome
1131:
Yale Study Shows Way To Re-Stimulate Brain Cell Growth
ScienceDaily
833:
In vertebrates, the best known identified neurons are the gigantic
2573:
2568:
2453:
2087:
1988:
1946:
1936:
1885:
1554:
Binder, Marc D.; Hirokawa, Nobutaka; Windhorst, Uwe, eds. (2009).
1449:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 32.
746:, or failure of the blood vessels surrounding the nerve all cause
672:
583:
402:
365:
355:
302:
237:
182:
122:
68:
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3834:
2634:
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1951:
1869:
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168:. Each axon, within the nerve, is an extension of an individual
157:
138:
5253:
4555:
4194:
4065:
3075:
2638:
1813:
629:
nerves. The PNS is divided into three separate subsystems, the
207:. Nerve cells (often called neurons) are further classified as
2375:
2192:
1956:
512:
Nerves can be categorized into two groups based on function:
391:. They are given letter-number designations according to the
1794:
644:
The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the
641:
nervous systems. Somatic nerves mediate voluntary movement.
1716:
The
Anatomy of Bias: How Neural Circuits Weigh the Options
246:
Each nerve is covered on the outside by a dense sheath of
137:
is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers (called
401:
innervate parts of the head, and connect directly to the
1646:
Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain.
805:. This initial exam can be followed with tests such as
274:
fibres. Nerves are bundled and often travel along with
346:
conduct signals from the central nervous system along
601:
Nerves that transmit signals from the CNS are called
476:
The nerve begins the process by destroying the nerve
661:
while those exiting from the spinal cord are called
598:, that connect the CNS to all remaining body parts.
195:. The axons are bundled together into groups called
5774:
5714:
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4147:
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2159:
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2015:
1987:
1860:
1851:
1673:The Shattered Mind: The Person After Brain Damage.
1531:Bear, M. F.; B. W. Connors; M. A. Paradiso (2006).
1241:
Principles of
Anatomy and Physiology (15th edition)
1090:
Journal of
Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
103:
91:
79:
67:
62:
50:
45:
28:
1532:
1060:
969:Connective tissue in the peripheral nervous system
19:This article is about nerves. For other uses, see
1805:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 394–400.
172:, along with other supportive cells such as some
395:through which they connect to the spinal column.
1319:"Wormbook: Specification of the nervous system"
905:in eye movement. Analysis of the nerves in the
5265:
4567:
4206:
4077:
3087:
2650:
1825:
1295:Identified neurons and behavior of arthropods
570:that coordinates its actions by transmitting
8:
1263:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
897:(335–280 BC) described the functions of the
254:. Beneath this is a layer of fat cells, the
1719:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
1067:(7th ed.). Pearson. pp. 388–602.
1027:(4 ed.). Sinauer Associates. pp.
5475:
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3094:
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2657:
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2635:
2053:
1857:
1832:
1818:
1810:
1539:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
781:usually diagnose disorders of nerves by a
34:
1446:Pride and Prejudice: An Annotated Edition
1185:
1175:
4700:medial superior posterior nasal branches
1334:
1332:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1014:
1012:
1010:
226:, the analogous structures are known as
160:to peripheral organs or, in the case of
2948:Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves
1584:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
1280:Normal computed tomography of the brain
1006:
156:that are transmitted along each of the
1372:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1256:
1239:Tortora, G.J., Derrickson, B. (2016).
845:Mauthner cells have been described as
501:, where the message is converted from
120:
25:
2879:Posterior branches of thoracic nerves
2750:Posterior branches of cervical nerves
1604:Fundamental Neuroscience, 4th edition
1341:Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior
909:enabled him to differentiate between
890:History of neurology and neurosurgery
7:
5234:
625:serve both functions and are called
520:conducts sensory information from a
285:. This acts in a similar way to the
270:and an outer, delicate, meshwork of
3059:Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve
3017:Posterior branches of sacral nerves
1578:; Schwartz JH; Jessell TM (2012).
926:Modern research has not confirmed
14:
4683:inferior posterior nasal branches
4471:superior lateral cutaneous of arm
2862:Thoraco-abdominal nerves – T7–T11
1793:Parsons, Frederick Gymer (1911).
1713:Lauwereyns, Jan (February 2010).
1535:Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
164:, from the periphery back to the
5233:
5224:
5223:
1781:
1770:
1368:Nerve Cells and Animal Behaviour
1325:from the original on 2011-07-17.
979:List of nerves of the human body
952:
428:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
117:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
1221:from the original on 2011-10-31
923:"string, plant fiber, nerve").
582:(PNS). The CNS consists of the
409:). They are typically assigned
1483:The Metaphor of Mental Illness
1400:The Metaphor of Mental Illness
1063:Human Anatomy & Physiology
793:and other directed movements,
750:, which can vary in severity.
469:. This is also referred to as
307:magnetic resonance neurography
1:
5782:Nerve supply of the human leg
5571:common plantar digital nerves
5532:intermediate dorsal cutaneous
4222:Nerve supply of the human arm
3974:Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
509:and then back to electrical.
5687:posterior cutaneous of thigh
4964:Inferior mesenteric ganglion
4959:Superior mesenteric ganglion
4302:lateral cutaneous of forearm
1581:Principles of Neural Science
1557:Encyclopedia of Neuroscience
1364:Simmons PJ, Young D (1999).
1293:Hoyle G, Wiersma CA (1977).
1209:Burnett, Mark; Zager, Eric.
1177:10.1371/journal.pone.0026832
5431:anterior cutaneous branches
4369:medial cutaneous of forearm
3753:Inferior salivatory nucleus
1630:. Oxford University Press.
1059:Marieb EN, Hoehn K (2007).
994:Nerve injury classification
785:, including the testing of
187:Nerve cell and organization
5834:
3197:lateral geniculate nucleus
3158:anterior olfactory nucleus
918:
887:
732:neurodegenerative diseases
555:
425:
40:Nerves (yellow) in the arm
18:
5808:Peripheral nervous system
5315:anterior cutaneous branch
5219:
5084:Cavernous nerves of penis
4675:branches of distribution:
3877:Superior cervical cardiac
3570:Superior salivary nucleus
3323:spinal trigeminal nucleus
1756:Resources in your library
580:peripheral nervous system
143:peripheral nervous system
115:
33:
5620:lateral dorsal cutaneous
5310:lateral cutaneous branch
5207:Pelvic splanchnic nerves
5185:Sacral splanchnic nerves
5109:Lumbar splanchnic nerves
4666:nerve of pterygoid canal
4656:Pterygopalatine ganglion
4584:autonomic nervous system
4010:spinal accessory nucleus
3450:pterygopalatine ganglion
3241:Edinger–Westphal nucleus
1789:at Wikibooks (non-human)
1480:Pickering, Neil (2006).
1397:Pickering, Neil (2006).
1102:10.1136/jnnp-2012-302312
720:repetitive strain injury
539:conducts signals from a
461:are damaged, as long as
242:Cross-section of a nerve
5527:medial dorsal cutaneous
5505:lateral terminal branch
5488:lateral sural cutaneous
5446:medial crural cutaneous
5008:Abdominal aortic plexus
4496:inferior lateral of arm
4374:medial cutaneous of arm
3392:no significant branches
3294:no significant branches
3134:no significant branches
2857:Intercostobrachial – T2
1802:Encyclopædia Britannica
1644:Damasio, A. R. (1994).
728:Guillain–Barré syndrome
413:from 1 to 12, although
332:, for example from the
176:that coat the axons in
5601:proper plantar digital
5596:common plantar digital
5576:proper plantar digital
5557:medial sural cutaneous
5510:medial terminal branch
4859:Thoracic aortic plexus
4714:Submandibular ganglion
4520:posterior interosseous
3712:Stylopharyngeal branch
3472:submandibular ganglion
3457:Nerve to the stapedius
2953:Superior cluneal L1–L3
2760:Greater occipital – C2
2284:Lymphoid immune system
1853:Musculoskeletal system
1693:New York, Zone Books.
1689:Goldstein, K. (2000).
1441:Spacks, Patricia Meyer
807:nerve conduction study
716:carpal tunnel syndrome
693:
576:central nervous system
389:central nervous system
330:central nervous system
291:central nervous system
243:
224:central nervous system
188:
166:central nervous system
152:nerve impulses called
21:Nerve (disambiguation)
5702:perforating cutaneous
5671:to obturator internus
5661:lateral rotator group
5162:paravertebral ganglia
4927:paravertebral ganglia
4826:paravertebral ganglia
4751:paravertebral ganglia
4510:dorsal digital nerves
4413:proper palmar digital
4409:common palmar digital
4399:dorsal digital nerves
4337:proper palmar digital
4333:common palmar digital
4318:anterior interosseous
3022:Medial cluneal nerves
2272:Myeloid immune system
2058:Cardiovascular system
888:Further information:
676:
669:Clinical significance
324:conduct signals from
241:
186:
5757:dorsal of the penis♂
5666:to quadratus femoris
5493:communicating branch
5070:Inferior hypogastric
5053:Superior hypogastric
4940:prevertebral ganglia
4500:posterior of forearm
3560:Facial motor nucleus
3256:parasympathetic root
2765:Third occipital – C3
2624:Islets of Langerhans
2484:Genitourinary system
2220:Integumentary system
1778:at Wikibooks (human)
1671:Gardner, H. (1976).
783:physical examination
701:head and neck cancer
537:efferent nerve fiber
518:afferent nerve fiber
5522:superficial fibular
5036:Inferior mesenteric
5024:Superior mesenteric
4972:prevertebral plexus
4839:prevertebral plexus
4786:prevertebral plexus
4129:Transverse cervical
3872:Recurrent laryngeal
3717:Pharyngeal branches
3495:Posterior auricular
3343:trigeminal ganglion
2514:Reproductive system
2233:Subcutaneous tissue
2002:Cartilaginous joint
1622:Andreasen, Nancy C.
1524:William E. Skaggs,
1339:Stein, PSG (1999).
1168:2011PLoSO...626832K
974:Dermatome (anatomy)
855:squid giant synapse
825:A neuron is called
815:computed tomography
801:, and the sense of
724:Autoimmune diseases
682:perineural invasion
405:(especially to the
299:blood–brain barrier
295:blood-nerve barrier
287:cerebrospinal fluid
5746:posterior scrotal♂
5591:superficial branch
5370:Lateral cutaneous
5333:anterior scrotal ♂
5285:lumbosacral plexus
3855:Superior laryngeal
3722:Tonsillar branches
3420:Intermediate nerve
3236:oculomotor nucleus
2296:Respiratory system
2049:Circulatory system
1776:The Nervous System
1136:2017-07-07 at the
754:Multiple sclerosis
694:
566:is the part of an
457:If the axons of a
415:cranial nerve zero
293:and constitutes a
244:
189:
5790:
5789:
5710:
5709:
5696:perineal branches
5676:to the piriformis
5633:
5632:
5625:lateral calcaneal
5456:
5455:
5247:
5246:
5215:
5214:
5202:splanchnic nerves
5180:splanchnic nerves
5140:
5139:
5104:splanchnic nerves
5058:hypogastric nerve
4905:
4904:
4867:splanchnic nerves
4849:Esophageal plexus
4804:
4803:
4778:Stellate ganglion
4729:
4728:
4549:
4548:
4529:
4528:
4260:to the subclavius
4188:
4187:
4124:Greater auricular
4059:
4058:
3987:
3986:
3953:Posterior gastric
3848:pharyngeal plexus
3843:Pharyngeal branch
3766:
3765:
3630:Scarpa's ganglion
3618:lateral lemniscus
3613:striae medullares
3596:vestibular nuclei
3584:Vestibulocochlear
3578:
3577:
3069:
3068:
2936:Lumbosacral trunk
2755:Suboccipital – C1
2632:
2631:
2155:
2154:
2145:Glymphatic system
2043:
2042:
1742:Library resources
1726:978-0-262-12310-5
1637:978-0-19-514509-0
1624:(March 4, 2004).
1591:978-0-8385-7701-1
1567:978-3-540-23735-8
1383:978-0-521-62726-9
1350:978-0-262-69227-4
1304:978-0-306-31001-0
1250:978-1-119-34373-8
1150:Kunik, D (2011).
1074:978-0-8053-5909-1
1038:978-0-87893-697-7
940:nervous breakdown
901:in sight and the
709:colorectal cancer
491:action potentials
471:neuroregeneration
283:endoneurial fluid
264:sensory receptors
248:connective tissue
154:action potentials
131:
130:
126:
5825:
5716:coccygeal plexus
5691:inferior cluneal
5653:inferior gluteal
5648:superior gluteal
5562:medial calcaneal
5476:
5467:
5298:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5251:
5237:
5236:
5227:
5226:
5151:
5132:Myenteric plexus
5127:Submucous plexus
4916:
4854:Pulmonary plexus
4831:Thoracic ganglia
4815:
4796:Internal carotid
4791:Cavernous plexus
4756:Cervical ganglia
4740:
4678:greater palatine
4637:Ciliary ganglion
4607:Cervical ganglia
4597:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4553:
4492:posterior of arm
4298:musculocutaneous
4286:lateral pectoral
4274:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4192:
4114:Lesser occipital
4086:
4079:
4072:
4063:
4005:nucleus ambiguus
3979:Solitary nucleus
3969:Nucleus ambiguus
3948:Anterior gastric
3895:Inferior cardiac
3825:Auricular branch
3820:Meningeal branch
3778:
3758:Solitary nucleus
3748:Nucleus ambiguus
3727:Lingual branches
3648:
3642:Glossopharyngeal
3565:Solitary nucleus
3445:Greater petrosal
3410:
3260:ciliary ganglion
3096:
3089:
3082:
3073:
3047:Coccygeal plexus
2659:
2652:
2645:
2636:
2591:Endocrine system
2353:Digestive system
2098:Lymphatic system
2081:Lymphatic vessel
2054:
1858:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1785:
1774:
1730:
1641:
1595:
1571:
1550:
1538:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1371:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1297:. Plenum Press.
1290:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1254:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1215:Medscape Article
1206:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1147:
1141:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1066:
1056:
1043:
1042:
1026:
1016:
962:
957:
956:
922:
903:oculomotor nerve
860:In organisms of
851:squid giant axon
811:electromyography
655:gastrointestinal
586:, including the
387:and thus to the
381:vertebral column
350:to their target
334:mechanoreceptors
123:edit on Wikidata
38:
26:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5770:
5706:
5679:
5629:
5606:
5582:lateral plantar
5543:
5480:common fibular
5452:
5417:
5382:
5364:
5341:
5319:
5302:iliohypogastric
5287:
5278:
5248:
5243:
5211:
5194:Parasympathetic
5189:
5136:
5113:
5063:Superior rectal
4901:
4884:cardiac nerves:
4872:cardiopulmonary
4800:
4725:
4690:lesser palatine
4630:Parasympathetic
4625:
4586:
4582:Anatomy of the
4580:
4550:
4545:
4541:Brachial plexus
4525:
4435:
4360:ansa pectoralis
4356:medial pectoral
4342:
4290:ansa pectoralis
4270:Infraclavicular
4265:
4240:dorsal scapular
4229:Supraclavicular
4224:
4219:
4189:
4184:
4158:Ansa cervicalis
4143:
4139:Supraclavicular
4099:
4097:cervical plexus
4090:
4060:
4055:
4026:
3983:
3957:
3919:
3881:
3829:
3805:
3762:
3736:
3700:lesser petrosal
3695:tympanic plexus
3675:
3636:
3601:cochlear nuclei
3574:
3548:
3486:
3478:
3435:
3429:
3398:
3369:
3300:
3271:
3218:
3179:
3173:olfactory tract
3140:
3106:
3100:
3070:
3065:
3028:
2959:
2885:
2867:Subcostal – T12
2771:
2736:Brachial plexus
2731:Cervical plexus
2668:
2663:
2633:
2628:
2585:
2547:Seminal vesicle
2508:
2470:
2420:Small intestine
2347:
2290:
2249:
2214:
2151:
2092:
2039:
2017:Muscular system
2011:
1983:
1862:Skeletal system
1847:
1838:
1792:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1712:
1638:
1620:
1592:
1574:
1568:
1553:
1547:
1530:
1517:
1515:Further reading
1512:
1511:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1435:
1433:
1429:
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1413:
1411:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1255:
1251:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1138:Wayback Machine
1129:
1125:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1058:
1057:
1046:
1039:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1003:
998:
958:
951:
948:
920:νεῦρον (neûron)
892:
886:
862:radial symmetry
847:command neurons
823:
795:muscle weakness
705:prostate cancer
686:prostate cancer
671:
650:parasympathetic
560:
554:
545:efferent nerves
487:
467:guidepost cells
455:
447:Notch signaling
443:
430:
424:
344:Efferent nerves
326:sensory neurons
322:Afferent nerves
315:
297:similar to the
236:
150:electrochemical
127:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5831:
5829:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5795:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5743:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5720:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5693:
5673:
5668:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5579:
5573:
5567:medial plantar
5564:
5559:
5553:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5537:dorsal digital
5534:
5529:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5515:dorsal digital
5512:
5507:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5484:
5482:
5473:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5392:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5360:genital branch
5357:
5355:femoral branch
5351:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5329:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5254:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5231:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5175:
5174:
5172:Ganglion impar
5169:
5167:Sacral ganglia
5157:
5155:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5077:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5010:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4976:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4947:Celiac ganglia
4935:
4934:
4932:Lumbar ganglia
4922:
4920:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4844:Cardiac plexus
4834:
4833:
4821:
4819:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4746:
4744:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4692:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4513:
4503:
4485:
4475:
4474:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4445:
4443:
4441:posterior cord
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4402:
4392:
4387:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4306:
4305:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4282:
4280:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4247:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4195:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4066:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4007:
3998:
3996:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3787:
3785:
3775:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3686:
3684:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3657:
3655:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3608:Cochlear nerve
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3517:Parotid plexus
3514:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3462:Chorda tympani
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3439:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3311:
3309:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3229:
3227:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3190:
3188:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:olfactory bulb
3162:
3161:
3160:
3151:
3149:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3117:
3115:
3108:
3107:
3104:cranial nerves
3101:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2476:Urinary system
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2398:Laryngopharynx
2395:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Salivary gland
2357:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2263:
2261:
2259:immune systems
2255:Haematopoietic
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2205:Somatic system
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2188:Sensory system
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2163:
2161:Nervous system
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2140:CNS equivalent
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2007:Synovial joint
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1790:
1787:Nervous System
1779:
1768:
1766:List of nerves
1759:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:External links
1734:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1710:
1691:The Organism.
1687:
1669:
1642:
1636:
1618:
1608:Academic Press
1596:
1590:
1572:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1528:
1522:Nervous system
1518:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1492:
1472:
1455:
1427:
1409:
1389:
1382:
1356:
1349:
1328:
1310:
1303:
1285:
1282:. p. 109.
1270:
1249:
1231:
1201:
1162:(11): e26832.
1142:
1123:
1096:(2): 208–212.
1080:
1073:
1044:
1037:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
965:
964:
963:
960:Biology portal
947:
944:
928:William Cullen
885:
882:
835:Mauthner cells
822:
819:
799:proprioception
736:polyneuropathy
680:demonstrating
670:
667:
659:cranial nerves
578:(CNS) and the
564:nervous system
558:Nervous system
556:Main article:
553:
552:Nervous system
550:
549:
548:
533:
530:sensory nerves
522:sensory neuron
486:
483:
454:
451:
442:
439:
426:Main article:
423:
420:
419:
418:
411:Roman numerals
399:Cranial nerves
396:
370:
369:
359:
341:
314:
311:
235:
232:
162:sensory nerves
129:
128:
119:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
71:
65:
64:
60:
59:
57:Nervous system
54:
48:
47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5830:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5730:
5729:inferior anal
5727:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5462:sacral plexus
5459:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:infrapatellar
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5347:genitofemoral
5344:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5293:Lumbar plexus
5290:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5270:
5268:
5263:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5240:
5232:
5230:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5094:Middle rectal
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4979:Celiac plexus
4977:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4721:Otic ganglion
4719:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4661:deep petrosal
4659:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4649:Short ciliary
4647:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4621:Deep petrosal
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4565:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:thoracodorsal
4458:
4455:
4451:
4448:subscapular (
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4257:
4256:suprascapular
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:long thoracic
4241:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4204:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4168:inferior root
4166:
4164:
4163:superior root
4161:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:Vagal trunks
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3812:jugular fossa
3808:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3783:jugular fossa
3779:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3732:Carotid sinus
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3705:otic ganglion
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3682:jugular fossa
3678:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3653:jugular fossa
3649:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:lingual nerve
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:septal nuclei
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3005:Sacral plexus
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Lumbar plexus
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
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2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
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2786:
2783:
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2780:
2778:
2774:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
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2751:
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2747:
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2745:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2666:Spinal nerves
2660:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2459:Biliary tract
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
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2364:
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2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
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2342:
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2337:
2334:
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2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2243:Mammary gland
2241:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Fibrous joint
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:Human systems
1835:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1796:"Nerve"
1791:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1707:0-942299-97-3
1704:
1700:
1699:0-942299-96-5
1696:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1685:0-394-71946-8
1682:
1678:
1677:Vintage Books
1674:
1670:
1667:
1666:0-380-72647-5
1663:
1659:
1658:0-399-13894-3
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1616:0-12-660303-0
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1546:0-7817-6003-8
1542:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1506:
1495:
1493:9780198530879
1489:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1458:
1456:9780674049161
1452:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:For example:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1412:
1410:9780198530879
1406:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1343:. MIT Press.
1342:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1000:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
961:
955:
950:
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
932:psychological
929:
924:
921:
916:
915:Ancient Greek
912:
911:blood vessels
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
883:
881:
879:
878:Echinodermata
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
836:
831:
828:
821:Other animals
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
774:
773:referred pain
770:
766:
765:pinched nerve
761:
759:
755:
751:
749:
745:
741:
738:, infection,
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
691:
690:H&E stain
687:
683:
679:
675:
668:
666:
664:
663:spinal nerves
660:
656:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:Spinal nerves
620:
616:
612:
611:
606:
605:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
559:
551:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:
513:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
484:
482:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
463:the cell body
460:
452:
450:
448:
440:
438:
435:
429:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:Spinal nerves
375:
374:
373:
367:
363:
360:
357:
353:
349:
348:motor neurons
345:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
319:
318:
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
276:blood vessels
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
240:
233:
231:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
185:
181:
179:
175:
174:Schwann cells
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
124:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:
102:
99:
96:
94:
90:
87:
84:
82:
78:
75:
72:
70:
66:
61:
58:
55:
53:
49:
44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
5813:Neuroanatomy
5766:anococcygeal
5680:
5659:
5500:deep fibular
5325:ilioinguinal
5200:
5178:
5160:
5102:
5089:Uterovaginal
5003:aorticorenal
5002:
4970:
4952:Aorticorenal
4938:
4925:
4883:
4865:
4837:
4824:
4784:
4749:
4695:nasopalatine
4674:
4616:long ciliary
4610:
4487:
4314:lateral root
4278:lateral cord
4249:
4235:
4092:
3485:stylomastoid
3437:facial canal
3391:
3293:
3207:optic chiasm
3133:
3053:
3041:
3011:
2999:
2942:
2925:
2873:
2846:
2742:
2723:
2446:
2414:
2387:
2180:
2139:
2122:
2105:
2065:
1800:
1746:
1715:
1701:(Hardcover)
1690:
1672:
1660:(Hardcover)
1645:
1626:
1603:
1599:
1580:
1560:. Springer.
1556:
1534:
1526:Scholarpedia
1504:
1497:. Retrieved
1482:
1475:
1467:
1460:. Retrieved
1445:
1437:Austen, Jane
1430:
1421:
1414:. Retrieved
1399:
1392:
1367:
1359:
1340:
1313:
1294:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1243:. J. Wiley.
1240:
1234:
1223:. Retrieved
1217:. Medscape.
1214:
1204:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1126:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1062:
1023:Neuroscience
1022:
984:Nerve injury
925:
913:and nerves (
893:
859:
844:
832:
826:
824:
779:Neurologists
777:
762:
752:
748:nerve damage
713:
695:
643:
626:
618:
614:
608:
602:
600:
561:
544:
541:motor neuron
529:
511:
488:
475:
456:
453:Regeneration
444:
433:
431:
371:
362:Mixed nerves
316:
294:
282:
280:
245:
228:nerve tracts
221:
217:mixed nerves
190:
147:
134:
132:
86:A14.2.00.013
73:
5818:Soft tissue
5586:deep branch
5154:Sympathetic
4919:Sympathetic
4818:Sympathetic
4743:Sympathetic
4600:Sympathetic
4506:superficial
4432:: see above
4430:medial root
4405:superficial
4367:cutaneous:
4348:medial cord
4251:upper trunk
4104:Superficial
4032:Hypoglossal
3413:Near origin
3212:optic tract
2852:Intercostal
2614:Parathyroid
2314:Nasopharynx
2176:Spinal cord
2111:Bone marrow
1880:Collar bone
1709:(Paperback)
1668:(Paperback)
1598:Squire, L.
936:high-strung
899:optic nerve
813:(EMG), and
758:macrophages
646:sympathetic
592:spinal cord
441:Development
422:Terminology
385:spinal cord
260:endoneurium
256:perineurium
201:perineurium
193:endoneurium
63:Identifiers
5797:Categories
5017:Suprarenal
4994:Pancreatic
4707:pharyngeal
3625:Vestibular
3537:mandibular
3510:stylohyoid
3500:Suprahyoid
3425:Geniculate
3363:mandibular
3353:ophthalmic
3306:Trigeminal
3224:Oculomotor
2393:Oropharynx
2133:Lymph node
2066:peripheral
1912:Metatarsus
1907:Metacarpus
1886:Thigh bone
1882:(clavicle)
1675:New York,
1650:Avon Books
1648:New York,
1576:Kandel, ER
1278:Weinberg.
1225:2011-10-26
1001:References
989:Neuropathy
895:Herophilos
874:Ctenophora
866:nerve nets
827:identified
718:(CTS) and
678:Micrograph
503:electrical
495:myelinated
313:Categories
268:glycocalyx
252:epineurium
205:epineurium
5761:clitoris♀
5682:cutaneous
5644:Muscular
5436:saphenous
5413:accessory
5408:posterior
5401:cutaneous
5388:obturator
5080:Prostatic
5041:Spermatic
4488:cutaneous
4328:recurrent
4045:Branches
3993:Accessory
3913:posterior
3900:Pulmonary
3586:(CN VIII)
3527:zygomatic
3505:digastric
3388:Branches
3358:maxillary
3349:Branches
3290:Branches
3277:Trochlear
3247:Branches
3146:Olfactory
3054:posterior
3034:Coccygeal
3012:posterior
2943:posterior
2874:posterior
2744:posterior
2599:Pituitary
2448:accessory
2403:Esophagus
2123:secondary
2035:Diaphragm
1979:Cartilage
1927:Phalanges
1439:(2010) .
1259:cite book
1118:207005110
635:autonomic
588:brainstem
434:innervate
407:brainstem
234:Structure
197:fascicles
141:) in the
5736:perineal
5724:pudendal
5396:anterior
5378:patellar
5337:labial ♀
5229:Category
4897:Inferior
4887:Superior
4877:thoracic
4771:Inferior
4761:Superior
4483:muscular
4467:axillary
4385:muscular
4034:(CN XII)
3908:anterior
3865:internal
3860:external
3799:inferior
3794:superior
3790:Ganglia
3690:Tympanic
3669:inferior
3664:superior
3660:Ganglia
3542:cervical
3522:temporal
3406:(CN VII)
3375:Abducens
3265:inferior
3251:superior
3226:(CN III)
3112:Terminal
3042:anterior
3000:anterior
2926:anterior
2847:anterior
2777:Thoracic
2725:anterior
2674:Cervical
2579:Placenta
2542:Testicle
2537:Prostate
2464:Pancreas
2425:Appendix
2415:lower GI
2388:upper GI
2336:Bronchus
2279:Lymphoid
1962:Vertebra
1917:Ossicles
1902:Mandible
1602:(2012).
1323:Archived
1219:Archived
1196:22073205
1156:PLOS ONE
1134:Archived
1110:23243216
946:See also
938:", and "
870:Cnidaria
787:reflexes
744:diabetes
740:neuritis
726:such as
648:and the
619:afferent
610:efferent
507:chemical
485:Function
393:vertebra
272:collagen
5775:Related
5750:labial♀
5471:sciatic
5423:femoral
5283:of the
5239:Commons
5119:Enteric
5075:Vesical
5046:Ovarian
5029:Gastric
4989:Splenic
4984:Hepatic
4911:Abdomen
4180:Phrenic
4095:of the
4049:lingual
4041:Nucleus
4017:Cranial
4001:Nuclei
3995:(CN XI)
3943:Hepatic
3925:Abdomen
3781:Before
3651:Before
3644:(CN IX)
3592:Nuclei
3487:foramen
3384:Nucleus
3377:(CN VI)
3339:Course
3314:Nuclei
3286:Nucleus
3279:(CN IV)
3232:Nuclei
3203:Course
3193:Nuclei
3187:(CN II)
3164:Course
3154:Nuclei
3130:Course
3120:Nuclei
2619:Adrenal
2609:Thyroid
2527:Scrotum
2504:Urethra
2499:Bladder
2408:Stomach
2331:Trachea
2267:Myeloid
2106:primary
1972:Sternum
1922:Patella
1897:Humerus
1888:(femur)
1679:, 1976
1443:(ed.).
1187:3206876
1164:Bibcode
907:cranium
884:History
840:C-shape
791:walking
639:enteric
631:somatic
615:sensory
572:signals
499:synapse
383:to the
366:sensory
352:muscles
328:to the
289:in the
222:In the
209:sensory
46:Details
5803:Nerves
5549:tibial
5281:Nerves
5146:Pelvis
4892:Middle
4810:Thorax
4766:Middle
4479:radial
4426:median
4395:dorsal
4390:palmar
4323:palmar
4310:median
4093:Nerves
4022:Spinal
3962:Nuclei
3933:Celiac
3887:Thorax
3810:After
3774:(CN X)
3741:Nuclei
3680:After
3553:Nuclei
3532:buccal
3434:Inside
3404:Facial
3308:(CN V)
3148:(CN I)
3114:(CN 0)
2965:Sacral
2891:Lumbar
2604:Pineal
2564:Vagina
2559:Uterus
2554:Female
2494:Ureter
2489:Kidney
2435:Rectum
2371:Tongue
2319:Larynx
2238:Breast
2210:Tissue
2128:Spleen
2116:Thymus
2071:Artery
2030:Tendon
2025:Muscle
1989:Joints
1967:Pelvis
1942:Tarsus
1932:Radius
1892:Fibula
1875:Carpus
1845:organs
1744:about
1723:
1705:
1697:
1683:
1664:
1656:
1634:
1614:
1600:et al.
1588:
1564:
1543:
1499:27 May
1490:
1462:27 May
1453:
1423:state.
1416:27 May
1407:
1380:
1347:
1301:
1247:
1194:
1184:
1116:
1108:
1071:
1035:
817:(CT).
697:Cancer
637:, and
590:, and
568:animal
478:distal
459:neuron
356:glands
250:, the
178:myelin
170:neuron
74:nervus
52:System
5638:other
5612:sural
5013:Renal
4642:Roots
4611:roots
4534:Other
4454:lower
4450:upper
4381:ulnar
4176:C3–C5
4154:C1–C3
4135:C3–C4
4120:C2–C3
3938:Renal
3772:Vagus
3185:Optic
2574:Ovary
2569:Vulva
2532:Penis
2454:Liver
2430:Colon
2381:Tooth
2361:Mouth
2326:Lower
2304:Upper
2181:Nerve
2171:Brain
2088:Heart
1947:Tibia
1937:Skull
1747:Nerve
1114:S2CID
1031:–20.
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627:mixed
604:motor
596:axons
584:brain
526:axons
403:brain
303:edema
215:, or
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135:nerve
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3102:The
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2440:Anus
2341:Lung
2309:Nose
2257:and
2228:Skin
2076:Vein
1952:Ulna
1870:Bone
1843:and
1721:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1695:ISBN
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1662:ISBN
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562:The
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2830:T10
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2198:Eye
2193:Ear
1957:Rib
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942:".
684:of
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535:An
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