130:
352:
405:
and spinal irritation. In common with some other people of the time, he believed this condition to be due to "non-completed coitus" or the non-completion of the higher cultural correlate thereof, or to "infrequency of emissions" or the infrequent practice of the higher cultural correlate thereof.
541:
system categorized neurasthenia under "F48 – Other neurotic disorders". Under "F48.0 Neurasthenia", the characteristics of the disorder differ among various cultures. Two overlapping symptoms can be present: Increased fatigue after mental exertion can be associated with a reduction in cognitive
525:
This diagnosis remained popular well into the 20th century, eventually coming to be seen as a mental and behavioural rather than physical condition. Neurasthenia had largely been abandoned as a medical diagnosis by the 21st century, and is deprecated in the
1919:
1904:
410:
as well as in cases of masturbation, there was "an insufficient libidinal discharge" that had a poisoning effect on the organism, in other words, neurasthenia was the result of (auto‑)intoxication. Eventually he separated it from
754:
classifies it as a persistent mental disorder diagnosed with three of these five symptoms: "'weakness' symptoms, 'emotional' symptoms, excitement' symptoms, tension-induced pain, and sleep disturbances" not caused by other conditions.
418:
In 19th-century
Britain and, by extension, across the British Empire, neurasthenia was also used to describe mental exhaustion or fatigue in “brain workers” or in the context of “overstudy”. This use was often synonymous with the term
759:
described
Chinese neurasthenia as a "biculturally patterned illness experience (a special form of somatization), related to depression or other diseases or to culturally sanctioned idioms of distress and psychosocial coping."
505:
reviewed electrotherapy and declared it a "pretense treatment". He emphasized the example of
Elizabeth von R's note that "the stronger these were the more they seemed to push her own pains into the background."
1567:
Smile or Die: How
Positive Thinking Fooled America and the World by Barbara Ehrenreich. Jenni Murray salutes a long-overdue demolition of the suggestion that positive thinking is the answer to all our problems.
775:
involving mandatory rest and isolation, followed by progressively more difficult work, and a resumption of a previous social role. The diagnosis is sometimes used to disguise serious mental illnesses such as
447:, especially for women. Data from this period gleaned from the Annual Reports of Queen Square Hospital, London, indicates that the diagnosis was balanced between the sexes and had a presence within Europe.
1827:
Farmer A, Jones I, Hillier J, Llewelyn M, Borysiewicz L, Smith A (October 1995). "Neuraesthenia revisited: ICD-10 and DSM-III-R psychiatric syndromes in chronic fatigue patients and comparison subjects".
542:
function. Minimal physical effort might be felt as extreme fatigue along with pain and anxiety. Many other symptoms of bodily discomfort may be felt with either form. Excluded from this disorder are:
994:"Death of neurasthenia and its psychological reincarnation: A study of neurasthenia at the National Hospital for the Relief and Cure of the Paralysed and Epileptic, Queen Square, London, 1870–1932"
498:
William James was diagnosed with neurasthenia, which he nicknamed "Americanitis", and was quoted as saying, "I take it that no man is educated who has never dallied with the thought of suicide."
2442:
892:
1606:
New
Thought had won its great practical victory. It had healed a disease—the disease of Calvinism, or, as James put it, the "morbidness" associated with "the old hell-fire theology."
517:", but its use declined a decade later. Soldiers who deserted their post could be executed even if they had a medical excuse, but officers who had neurasthenia were not executed.
491:
and then increasingly experimental treatments for people with neurasthenia, a position that was controversial. An 1868 review posited that Beard's and
Rockwell's knowledge of the
697:
313:
563:
3246:
1502:
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Office of the Center Director, Data Policy and Standards (March 2001).
371:'s energy reserves, which Beard attributed to modern civilization. Physicians in the Beard school of thought associated neurasthenia with the stresses of
2914:
2870:
1973:
751:
322:
2729:
2346:
2159:
288:. Van Deusen associated the condition with farm wives made sick by isolation and a lack of engaging activity; Beard connected the condition to busy
887:
2139:
595:, through replacing the "puritanical 'demand for perpetual effort and self-examination to the point of self-loathing'" with a more hopeful faith.
253:
2465:
1789:
1599:
1390:
1363:
1328:
1243:
1111:
945:
2926:
2074:
257:
1100:
Dimsdale, Joel E.; Xin, Yu; Kleinman, Arthur; Patel, Vikram; Narrow, William E.; Sirovatka, Paul J.; Regier, Darrel A. (2 March 2009).
475:
drug company introduced a medication called "Americanitis Elixir" which claimed to be a soother for any bouts related to neurasthenia.
2176:
2151:
1986:
2680:
2962:
2782:
90:
3054:
2291:
2262:
2203:
1761:
693:
308:
3236:
2296:
2091:
2016:
1806:
1233:
2734:
2705:
1966:
638:
620:
375:
and with stress suffered as a result of the increasingly competitive business environment. Typically, it was associated with
2475:
2193:
2169:
1461:
612:
318:
237:. It became a major diagnosis in North America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries after neurologist
3241:
3138:
2675:
2208:
2053:
731:
3196:
2383:
2181:
1128:
1422:
Evangard B; Schacterie R.S.; Komaroff A. L. (Nov 1999). "Chronic fatigue syndrome: new insights and old ignorance".
888:"Doctors and 'Educational Overpressure' in Nineteenth-Century Britain: A Fatigue State that Divided Medical Opinion"
3231:
3133:
2048:
1201:"Says Venus de Milo was not a Flapper; Osteopath Says She Was Neurasthenic, as Her Stomach Was Not in Proper Place"
3143:
3112:
2490:
2373:
1959:
1503:
1457:
964:
531:
296:
2267:
1566:
3191:
3107:
3102:
2799:
2762:
2754:
2572:
2541:
2282:
1934:
1482:
798:
578:
559:
458:
1504:"A Summary of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Its Classification in the International Classification of Diseases"
1155:
1080:
3128:
2635:
2485:
2480:
2437:
2254:
3006:
2645:
2536:
2495:
2470:
2378:
1160:
804:
701:
402:
368:
182:
1200:
3201:
2934:
2814:
2721:
2700:
1311:
Bogousslavsky, Julien (2007). "Marcel Proust's
Diseases and Doctors: The Neurological Story of a Life".
167:
256:
in 1869. Also in 1868, New York neurologist George Beard used the term in an article published in the
3026:
2939:
2695:
2515:
2116:
2096:
463:
171:
1405:
3076:
3058:
3021:
3011:
2865:
2767:
2744:
2592:
2584:
2363:
2341:
2069:
1923:
1536:
1264:"'Brain fag': a syndrome associated with 'overstudy' and mental exhaustion in 19th century Britain"
843:
820:
484:
277:
238:
129:
2949:
2739:
2336:
2188:
1853:
1738:
1579:
1133:
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273:
261:
138:
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1641:
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110:
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2038:
2026:
1837:
1722:
1685:
1631:
1431:
1316:
1275:
1061:
1005:
901:
859:
793:
431:
From 1869, neurasthenia became a "popular" diagnosis, expanding to include such symptoms as
412:
49:
1810:
3031:
2989:
2860:
2847:
2794:
2789:
2772:
2652:
2447:
2419:
2220:
2043:
1982:
1782:
Cultures of
Neurasthenia: From Beard to the First World War (Clio Medica 63) (Clio Medica)
1660:
Social
Origins of Distress and Disease: Depression, Neurasthenia, and Pain in Modern China
756:
720:
384:
245:
3081:
1315:. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience. Vol. 22. Basel: KARGER. pp. 89–104.
1382:
Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation
233:"weak") is a term that was first used as early as 1829 for a mechanical weakness of the
3016:
2957:
2881:
2690:
2657:
2640:
2630:
1690:
1673:
1636:
1619:
1050:"Observations on a form of nervous prostration, (neurasthenia) culminating in insanity"
815:
772:
488:
448:
1928:
1812:
Fat and Blood: an essay on the treatment of certain types of Neurasthenia and hysteria
1765:
1588:
Bright-sided. How the relentless promotion of positive thinking has undermined America
383:
working in sedentary occupations, but really can apply to anyone who lives within the
3225:
3050:
3001:
2319:
1713:
Lin, Tsung-Yi (June 1989). "Neurasthenia revisited: Its place in modern psychiatry".
1435:
1353:
1182:
781:
777:
716:
567:
502:
468:
415:, though he believed that a combination of the two conditions existed in many cases.
360:
336:
123:
1951:
1857:
1742:
331:
were said to be particularly prone to neurasthenia, which resulted in the nickname "
2904:
2685:
2237:
1866:
Neurasthenic Nation: America's Search for Health, Comfort, and Happiness, 1869-1920
574:
453:
380:
372:
249:
159:
1280:
1263:
467:
also suffers under the auspices of rest cure doctors, much as Gilman herself did.
451:
was known to have been forced to have rest cures, which she describes in her book
17:
1939:
1103:
Somatic Presentations of Mental Disorders: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-V
2889:
2620:
2351:
2101:
863:
809:
682:
670:
662:
592:
514:
510:
376:
393:
included a variety of physical symptoms into this category, including fatigue,
3206:
2899:
2804:
2505:
2230:
2225:
2021:
1913:
936:
Sandler, Joseph; Holder, Alex; Dare, Christopher; Dreher, Anna Ursula (1997).
906:
398:
119:
115:
1289:
968:
915:
3159:
3091:
2909:
2368:
2106:
2031:
1540:
588:
444:
436:
394:
356:
328:
289:
281:
175:
1699:
1645:
1443:
1338:
1297:
1019:
1849:
1841:
1734:
1010:
993:
750:"five internal organs" (heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys). The modern
471:
was said to suffer from neurasthenia. To capitalize on this epidemic, the
2894:
2564:
2531:
2457:
1065:
686:
587:, restating James's view, considered that neurasthenia was caused by the
547:
543:
440:
432:
269:
214:
203:
191:
155:
151:
147:
1800:
Before Freud: Neurasthenia and the American Medical Community, 1870-1910
1726:
745:
555:
551:
443:. A common treatment promoted by neurologist S. Weir Mitchell was the
265:
199:
195:
187:
163:
143:
1896:
1510:
1320:
2612:
2427:
1908:
1590:. New York: Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt and Company, LLC. p.
708:
628:
538:
527:
472:
304:
300:
234:
1049:
847:
1183:"Nervosism - Biology-Online Dictionary - Biology-Online Dictionary"
367:
The condition was explained as being a result of exhaustion of the
2390:
1129:"One Step Back; Where Are the Elixirs of Yesteryear When We Hurt?"
764:
727:
390:
350:
1764:. American Association of the History of Medicine. Archived from
363:
was "neurasthenic as her stomach was not in the proper position".
712:
3180:
3048:
2983:
2835:
2562:
2407:
2317:
2137:
1998:
1955:
495:
was suspect and did not believe their claims to be warranted.
73:
58:
70:
740:
82:
79:
61:
1037:. New York: Harper and Brothers. pp. (ed. 3) IV. 370.
573:
One modern theory of neurasthenia is that it was actually
55:
509:
Nevertheless, neurasthenia was a common diagnosis during
339:). Another (albeit rarely used) term for neurasthenia is
248:
term, the first to publish on neurasthenia was Michigan
893:
European Journal for the History of Medicine and Health
1762:"An American Treatment for the 'American Nervousness'"
1483:"Chapter V Mental and behavioural disorders (F00-F99)"
1385:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 104.
700:
in 1980, neurasthenia is listed in an appendix as the
307:. It also is no longer included as a diagnosis in the
1878:
The book The Invisible Rainbow by Arthur Firstenberg.
1868:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2011.
715:
as a culturally acceptable diagnosis that avoids the
651:(神経衰弱), both of which also translate the common term
314:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
91:
76:
64:
52:
1886:
1235:
The Freud Encyclopedia: Theory, Therapy, and Culture
744:"vital energy" and reduction of functioning in the
3152:
3121:
3090:
3069:
2948:
2925:
2879:
2846:
2753:
2720:
2668:
2611:
2602:
2583:
2524:
2456:
2418:
2278:
2253:
2150:
2062:
2009:
1890:
303:, but deprecated, and thus no more diagnosable, in
209:
181:
137:
109:
67:
40:
35:
1674:"Why is neurasthenia important in Asian cultures?"
1620:"Why is neurasthenia important in Asian cultures?"
564:myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
1313:Neurological Disorders in Famous Artists - Part 2
1257:
1255:
1569:The Observer, 10 January 2010 at guardian.co.uk.
1081:"ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics"
317:. The condition is, however, described in the
1967:
1875:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
1802:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.
1509:. Centers for disease Control. Archived from
8:
1584:"Three. The Dark Roots of American Optimism"
1355:Manhood at Harvard: William James and others
987:
985:
959:
957:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
838:
836:
3177:
3066:
3045:
2980:
2871:Other specified feeding or eating disorder
2843:
2832:
2608:
2580:
2559:
2415:
2404:
2314:
2147:
2134:
2006:
1995:
1974:
1960:
1952:
1887:
711:. The condition is thought to persist in
323:Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders
128:
32:
1815:. Philadelphia: J. D. Lippincott & Co
1689:
1635:
1279:
1009:
905:
406:Later, Freud formulated that in cases of
3134:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia
2730:Depersonalization-derealization disorder
1561:
1559:
1557:
1227:
1225:
1106:. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 58.
931:
929:
927:
925:
1672:Schwartz, Pamela Yew (September 2002).
1618:Schwartz, Pamela Yew (September 2002).
852:The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
832:
260:to denote a condition with symptoms of
1537:"A family of misunderstood disorders"
1238:. Taylor & Francis. p. 362.
1156:"The Brief History of "Americanitis""
848:"Neurasthenia, or nervous exhaustion"
7:
1262:Ayonrinde, Oyedeji A. (2020-06-26).
295:Neurasthenia was a diagnosis in the
3247:Obsolete terms for mental disorders
2837:Physiological and physical behavior
685:) "weakness; feebleness; debility;
258:Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
2783:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
2177:Emotional and behavioral disorders
1780:Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke (2001).
1268:International Review of Psychiatry
241:reintroduced the concept in 1869.
25:
2963:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
1379:Jack W. Tsao (15 February 2010).
1154:Daugherty, Greg (25 March 2015).
992:Taylor, Ruth E. (December 2001).
2263:X-linked intellectual disability
1715:Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry
1662:, Yale University Press, p. 115.
1436:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00513.x
1048:Van Deusen, E. H. (April 1869).
694:American Psychiatric Association
591:gloom, and it was helped by the
309:American Psychiatric Association
48:
2092:Intermittent explosive disorder
2017:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
692:Despite being removed from the
643:
225:(from the Ancient Greek νεῦρον
2735:Dissociative identity disorder
2000:Adult personality and behavior
1412:. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
633:
624:
616:
1:
1281:10.1080/09540261.2020.1775428
998:British Journal of Psychiatry
530:classification system of the
319:Chinese Society of Psychiatry
3139:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
2676:Generalized anxiety disorder
2409:Neurological and symptomatic
2054:Sexual relationship disorder
1424:Journal of Internal Medicine
1054:American Journal of Insanity
940:. Karnac Books. p. 52.
886:Connor, Henry (2022-10-20).
732:traditional Chinese medicine
707:as well as appearing in the
292:and overworked businessmen.
2915:REM sleep behavior disorder
2384:Seasonal affective disorder
2182:Separation anxiety disorder
1079:World Health Organization.
864:10.1056/NEJM186904290801301
673:) "nerve(s); nervous" and
3263:
3182:Symptoms and uncategorized
2283:developmental disabilities
2049:Sexual maturation disorder
1873:American Nervousness, 1903
1535:Fogoros, R (29 May 2006).
1406:"World War One executions"
938:Freud's Models of the Mind
560:postviral fatigue syndrome
3187:
3176:
3144:Simple-type schizophrenia
3113:Schizophreniform disorder
3065:
3044:
2997:
2979:
2842:
2831:
2579:
2558:
2491:Mild cognitive impairment
2476:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
2414:
2403:
2374:Major depressive disorder
2327:
2313:
2279:Psychological development
2146:
2133:
2005:
1994:
1658:Kleinman, Arthur (1986),
1458:World Health Organization
1358:. New York: W.W. Norton.
1033:Good, John Mason (1829).
907:10.1163/26667711-bja10026
657:. This loanword combines
607:is translated as Chinese
532:World Health Organization
297:World Health Organization
3192:Impulse-control disorder
3108:Schizoaffective disorder
3103:Brief reactive psychosis
2800:Mass psychogenic illness
2763:Body dysmorphic disorder
2542:Post-concussion syndrome
2152:Emotional and behavioral
1127:Marcus, G (1998-01-26).
799:Chronic fatigue syndrome
579:autonomic nervous system
577:, an "imbalance" of the
483:Beard, with his partner
459:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
252:E. H. Van Deusen of the
3129:Childhood schizophrenia
2481:Frontotemporal dementia
2438:High-functioning autism
2255:Intellectual disability
3237:Neurological disorders
2646:Specific social phobia
2537:Organic brain syndrome
2379:Melancholic depression
2140:Childhood and learning
1784:. Rodopi Bv Editions.
1352:Townsend, Kim (1996).
1232:Erwin, Edward (2002).
1187:www.biology-online.org
805:Combat stress reaction
702:culture-bound syndrome
566:(ME/CFS)) (G93.3) and
403:intra-cranial pressure
369:central nervous system
364:
183:Differential diagnosis
3202:Psychomotor agitation
2992:and substance-related
2935:Postpartum depression
2815:Somatization disorder
2701:Acute stress reaction
2466:AIDS dementia complex
1842:10.1192/bjp.167.4.503
1410:History Learning Site
1035:The study of medicine
1011:10.1192/bjp.179.6.550
969:"ICD-10 Version:2019"
401:, and indications of
354:
3197:Klüver–Bucy syndrome
3027:Substance dependence
2940:Postpartum psychosis
2486:Huntington's disease
2268:Lujan–Fryns syndrome
2117:Personality disorder
1066:10.1176/ajp.25.4.445
464:The Yellow Wallpaper
355:According to a 1922
229:"nerve" and ἀσθενής
3242:Military psychiatry
3077:Delusional disorder
3022:Stimulant psychosis
3012:Physical dependence
2866:Rumination syndrome
2768:Conversion disorder
2745:Psychogenic amnesia
2595:with depressed mood
2593:Adjustment disorder
2496:Parkinson's disease
2471:Alzheimer's disease
2364:Atypical depression
2200:Social functioning
2075:Munchausen syndrome
2070:Factitious disorder
1864:Schuster, David G.
1580:Ehrenreich, Barbara
821:Psychogenic disease
621:traditional Chinese
278:high blood pressure
239:George Miller Beard
3096:schizophrenia-like
2740:Dissociative fugue
2189:Movement disorders
1760:Brown, EM (1980).
1727:10.1007/BF02220656
1208:The New York Times
1134:The New York Times
738:as a depletion of
719:of a diagnosis of
644:sàhngīng sēuiyeuhk
613:simplified Chinese
585:Barbara Ehrenreich
487:, advocated first
461:'s protagonist in
408:coitus interruptus
365:
335:" (popularized by
274:heart palpitations
246:psychopathological
27:Psychological term
18:Nervous exhaustion
3232:Anxiety disorders
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3040:
3039:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2716:
2715:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2511:Vascular dementia
2433:Asperger syndrome
2399:
2398:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2243:Tourette syndrome
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
1949:
1948:
1791:978-90-420-0931-8
1601:978-0-8050-8749-9
1392:978-0-387-87887-4
1365:978-0-393-03939-9
1330:978-3-8055-8265-0
1321:10.1159/000102874
1245:978-0-415-93677-4
1113:978-0-89042-656-2
947:978-1-85575-167-5
705:shenjing shuairuo
654:nervous breakdown
634:shénjīng shuāiruò
609:shenjing shuairuo
603:The medical term
493:scientific method
220:
219:
150:, stress-related
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3254:
3178:
3067:
3046:
2981:
2856:Anorexia nervosa
2844:
2833:
2810:Psychogenic pain
2778:Globus pharyngis
2626:Childhood phobia
2609:
2581:
2560:
2416:
2405:
2315:
2214:Selective mutism
2165:Conduct disorder
2148:
2135:
2112:Trichotillomania
2087:Gender dysphoria
2082:Fear of intimacy
2039:Sexual anhedonia
2007:
1996:
1983:Mental disorders
1976:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1888:
1861:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1807:Weir Mitchell, S
1795:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1747:
1746:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1516:on June 11, 2014
1515:
1508:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1419:
1413:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1283:
1274:(5–6): 520–535.
1259:
1250:
1249:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1210:. April 29, 1922
1205:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1189:. December 2020.
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1013:
989:
980:
979:
977:
975:
961:
952:
951:
933:
920:
919:
909:
883:
868:
867:
840:
794:Burnout syndrome
771:is treated with
736:shenjingshuairuo
645:
635:
626:
618:
521:Modern diagnosis
413:anxiety neurosis
379:people and with
254:Kalamazoo asylum
213:Electrotherapy,
133:
132:
98:
94:
89:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
60:
57:
54:
33:
21:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3211:
3183:
3164:
3148:
3117:
3095:
3086:
3061:
3036:
2993:
2990:substance abuse
2967:
2944:
2921:
2875:
2861:Bulimia nervosa
2838:
2819:
2795:Hypochondriasis
2790:False pregnancy
2773:Ganser syndrome
2755:Somatic symptom
2749:
2712:
2664:
2653:Specific phobia
2598:
2575:
2546:
2520:
2452:
2448:Savant syndrome
2420:Autism spectrum
2410:
2395:
2323:
2301:
2280:
2274:
2249:
2142:
2121:
2097:Dermatillomania
2058:
2044:Sexual anorexia
2001:
1990:
1980:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1899:
1885:
1830:Br J Psychiatry
1826:
1818:
1816:
1805:
1798:Gosling, F. G.
1792:
1779:
1771:
1769:
1759:
1756:
1754:Further reading
1751:
1750:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1653:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1331:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1027:
991:
990:
983:
973:
971:
963:
962:
955:
948:
935:
934:
923:
885:
884:
871:
858:(13): 217–221.
842:
841:
834:
829:
790:
769:shinkei-suijaku
757:Arthur Kleinman
721:mental disorder
649:shinkei-suijaku
601:
523:
481:
429:
385:monetary system
349:
196:chronic fatigue
127:
105:
96:
92:
51:
47:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3260:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3063:
3062:
3049:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:Rebound effect
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2958:Hypersexuality
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2691:Panic disorder
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2658:Claustrophobia
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2641:Anthropophobia
2633:
2631:Social anxiety
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2563:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:Pick's disease
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1992:
1991:
1987:Classification
1981:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1931:
1916:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:Classification
1884:
1883:External links
1881:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1824:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1777:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1721:(2): 105–129.
1705:
1664:
1651:
1610:
1600:
1571:
1565:Jenni Murray,
1553:
1527:
1494:
1473:
1449:
1430:(5): 455–469.
1414:
1398:
1391:
1371:
1364:
1344:
1329:
1303:
1251:
1244:
1221:
1192:
1174:
1146:
1119:
1112:
1092:
1071:
1060:(4): 445–461.
1040:
1025:
1004:(6): 550–557.
981:
953:
946:
921:
869:
831:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
818:
816:Placebo effect
813:
807:
802:
796:
789:
786:
782:mood disorders
773:Morita therapy
647:) or Japanese
639:Cantonese Yale
600:
597:
522:
519:
489:electrotherapy
480:
477:
449:Virginia Woolf
428:
425:
348:
345:
286:depressed mood
218:
217:
211:
207:
206:
185:
179:
178:
141:
135:
134:
113:
107:
106:
104:
103:
44:
42:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3259:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3179:
3175:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:Schizophrenia
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3051:Schizophrenia
3047:
3043:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3002:Drug overdose
3000:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2950:Sexual desire
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2830:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2636:Social phobia
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2571:-related and
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1768:on 2008-09-07
1767:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1093:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
986:
982:
970:
966:
960:
958:
954:
949:
943:
939:
932:
930:
928:
926:
922:
917:
913:
908:
903:
900:(aop): 3–38.
899:
895:
894:
889:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
839:
837:
833:
826:
822:
819:
817:
814:
811:
808:
806:
803:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
787:
785:
783:
779:
778:schizophrenia
774:
770:
766:
761:
758:
753:
749:
748:
743:
742:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
717:social stigma
714:
710:
706:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
650:
646:
640:
636:
630:
622:
614:
610:
606:
598:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
580:
576:
571:
569:
568:psychasthenia
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
535:
533:
529:
520:
518:
516:
512:
507:
504:
503:Sigmund Freud
499:
496:
494:
490:
486:
485:A.D. Rockwell
478:
476:
474:
470:
469:Marcel Proust
466:
465:
460:
456:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
426:
424:
422:
416:
414:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
386:
382:
381:professionals
378:
374:
370:
362:
361:Venus de Milo
358:
353:
346:
344:
342:
338:
337:William James
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
290:society women
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
197:
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41:Pronunciation
39:
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3082:Folie à deux
3007:Intoxication
2988:substances,
2986:Psychoactive
2905:Night terror
2722:Dissociative
2686:Panic attack
2238:Tic disorder
1933:
1918:
1903:
1872:
1865:
1836:(4): 503–6.
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1829:
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1811:
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1766:the original
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1681:
1678:West. J. Med
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1624:West. J. Med
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1518:. Retrieved
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452:
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340:
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332:
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230:
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223:Neurasthenia
222:
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168:restlessness
160:irritability
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3055:schizotypal
2890:Hypersomnia
2880:Nonorganic
2621:Agoraphobia
2352:Cyclothymia
2347:Bipolar NOS
2322:(affective)
2194:Stereotypic
2102:Kleptomania
1871:Lutz, Tom.
1161:Smithsonian
812:(satirical)
810:Newyorkitis
593:New Thought
546:NOS (R53),
515:shell shock
511:World War I
377:upper class
3226:Categories
3207:Stereotypy
3070:Delusional
3059:delusional
3032:Withdrawal
2900:Parasomnia
2805:Nosophobia
2585:Adjustment
2573:somatoform
2506:Sundowning
2359:Depression
2342:Bipolar II
2231:Stuttering
2226:Cluttering
2022:Paraphilia
1819:2008-09-11
1772:2008-09-11
1488:2009-10-09
1467:2023-04-24
1140:2008-09-11
1086:2023-04-24
827:References
734:describes
562:(includes
399:flatulence
120:psychology
116:Psychiatry
3160:Catatonia
3092:Psychosis
2927:Postnatal
2910:Nightmare
2516:Wandering
2369:Dysthymia
2337:Bipolar I
2292:Pervasive
2107:Pyromania
2032:Voyeurism
2027:Fetishism
1541:About.com
1290:0954-0261
1214:August 5,
916:2666-7703
589:Calvinist
570:(F48.8).
550:(Z73.0),
501:In 1895,
479:Treatment
445:rest cure
437:dizziness
427:Diagnosis
421:brain fag
395:dyspepsia
357:osteopath
341:nervosism
329:Americans
282:neuralgia
210:Treatment
176:weariness
111:Specialty
2895:Insomnia
2565:Neurotic
2532:Delirium
2458:Dementia
2297:Specific
1858:45684552
1809:(1884).
1743:28936419
1700:12208833
1646:12208833
1582:(2009).
1462:"ICD-11"
1444:10583715
1339:17495507
1298:32589474
1020:11731361
846:(1869).
844:Beard, G
801:(ME/CFS)
788:See also
687:asthenia
675:shuairuo
659:shenjing
548:burn-out
544:asthenia
441:fainting
433:weakness
347:Symptoms
270:headache
250:alienist
231:asthenés
204:lethargy
192:asthenia
156:insomnia
152:headache
148:lethargy
139:Symptoms
2604:Anxiety
2443:PDD-NOS
2332:Bipolar
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1940:D009440
1850:8829720
1735:2766788
1691:1071745
1637:1071745
1167:6 April
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667:shinkei
599:In Asia
558:(R53),
556:fatigue
552:malaise
266:anxiety
262:fatigue
200:fatigue
188:anxiety
164:malaise
144:fatigue
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2696:Stress
2613:Phobia
2569:stress
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1914:F48.0
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1935:MeSH
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1786:ISBN
1731:PMID
1696:PMID
1642:PMID
1596:ISBN
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1522:2022
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