353:
citizens. It planned all new towns carefully, with the objective that the new towns should be self-reliant. Besides residential areas, then, the government included commercial, industrial and recreational areas in the planning of the new towns in the first two phases, such that the new towns could provide their residents with enough job opportunities. The attempt, if successful, could minimise the need for transportation between the new towns and the city centre, lowering both residents’ travel expenditures and the burden on the transportation system. For this reason, the government planned industrial areas near all the new towns it planned before the 1980s:
320:
towns were established in the 2000s and early 2010s, and new-town development was restricted to further development of the ones already developed. In response to excess housing demand since the late 2000s, however, which resulted in extremely high housing prices and rents as well as very long queues in pending for public housing, government considered to add to the number of new towns again. In the early 2010s, the government proposed to build new towns in
159:, were built to provide work opportunities for the residents in the nearby new towns. Although the government successfully turned most of the new towns's town centres into vibrant commercial and cultural centres in their areas, the overall objective of self-reliance for the new towns failed, since most residents still had their jobs in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon; the objective became impossible to accomplish when most of Hong Kong's
345:
33:
208:. The government, for the first time, built public housing to accommodate the victims and found a change in housing policy essential. On the one hand, the government began to provide public housing, and on the other hand it proposed to develop “satellite towns” in undeveloped areas in order to make more lands available for the increasing housing need. At first, it identified
261:. These new towns were intended to accommodate a few hundred thousand people each. For example, according to the first plan in 1961, the government planned to accommodate 360,000 people in Sha Tin once the entire new town had been built; the estimated population in Sha Tin rose to 500,000 in the planning of the early 1970s. In the corresponding areas,
110:. With the success of these new towns, and the experience gained from building them, the government launched further stages of new-town development in subsequent decades. To date, nine new towns have been built, and about half of the Hong Kong population lives in these newly developed areas. After the government had built
200:, which brought a large number of refugees to Hong Kong from the 1950s to the early 1970s and led to the rapid advance of Hong Kong's economy from the 1970s to the early 1990s. The government in the 1950s originally had no plans to deal with the problem of housing the increasing population, until the
319:
New Town development slowed in the 2000s, on account of unexpectedly slow population growth. Indeed, even the development of North Lantau New Town was hindered: the population of North Lantau New Town was just 80,000 in early 2010s, less than half of the 200,000 originally planned. No additional new
97:
Plans to develop new areas were continued in the late 1960s and 1970s, when the name “new town” was officially adopted. As most flat lands in Hong Kong Island and
Kowloon had already been developed, the government proposed to build new towns in the New Territories, a largely rural area at that time.
528:
When new towns were first developed, land reclamation was an important way of gaining land to build on. Large areas were gained by land reclamations in Sha Tin, Tsuen Wan, Tuen Mun, Tai Po, Tsing Yi, Ma On Shan, Tin Shui Wai, Tseung Kwan O and Tung Chung – 7 of 9 new towns, with
Fanling-Sheung Shui
352:
The planning of the new towns was, in colonial history, the first major attempt at horizontal coordination among government departments. Regarding it as a cornerstone of Hong Kong social policy, the colonial government aimed to alleviate urban overpopulation and improve quality of life for ordinary
415:
in Hong Kong began moving to the
Mainland China, where costs were much lower, and Hong Kong gradually emerged instead as a commercial and financial centre in the region. In consequence, most of the work opportunities remained in the urban areas, forcing residents in the new towns to travel between
248:
In the late 1960s and the 1970s, another stage of new-town developments was launched and the term "new town" was officially adopted. As most flat lands in
Kowloon and Hong Kong Island had already been developed, the government proposed to build new towns in New Territories, a largely rural area at
146:
Land use is carefully planned in new towns, and development sets aside plenty of room for public housing projects. Highways, tunnels, bridges and railways have been built for accessibility. The first few new towns, such as Tuen Mun, Sha Tin, Yuen Long and Tai Po, were intended to be self-reliant,
432:
Typically, a new town was planned and developed around a town centre, which was the town's business, cultural and traffic hub. For example, in the town centres of Tuen Mun New Town and Sha Tin New Town, one can find shopping centres, public libraries, theatres, government offices, parks, and bus
420:, or even rebuilt as residential apartments. The new towns planned in the 1980s and 1990s had either no more industrial areas (e.g. Tin Shui Wai New Town and Tung Chung), or industrial areas with only high-value-adding industries allowed (e.g.
249:
that time. Kwun Tong, as the first satellite town, was not considered as a new town, as it was part of
Kowloon and regarded by the government as part of the urban area. The first phase of new town development was unveiled in 1973, including
228:. Thus, in the late 1950s, Kwun Tong became the first developed satellite town. Around the same time, the government also began to develop Tsuen Wan as a satellite town. In 1967, using a similar concept on a smaller scale, it also built
126:
and it became difficult for residents to buy new homes, the Hong Kong government suggested that new towns be built again in the 2010s, hoping thereby to increase the supply in the private housing market and provide more flats for
445:
after Tsuen Wan New Town had expanded to Tsing Yi. With the exception of Tin Shui Wai New Town, the only new town without a clear town centre, the new towns’ town centres became vibrant business and cultural hubs of their areas.
454:
Transport is vital for the new towns, and thus is planned with care. Before the development of new towns, most areas in the New
Territories were poorly connected; new development required both roads and public transport.
191:
Before the 1950s, most of the population in Hong Kong lived in Hong Kong's urban area, namely the central and western parts of the
Kowloon Peninsula and the northern coast of Hong Kong Island. After the
504:
were the only links to
Kowloon, the traffic between these new towns and the urban area was highly congested, prompting the government to study new road and rail links. The situation improved when
416:
the new towns and the city centre every day. From the 1990s on, when Hong Kong had almost no more substantial secondary industries, the industrial buildings were repurposed into offices and
900:
336:. The proposals are matters of heated public debate; if the proposals are adopted, construction work is expected to begin in the mid-2010s, and its first phase to end in the early 2020s.
151:
and recreational areas, such that residents would not need to travel between the new towns and the city centre for work and leisure. To this end, a few industrial estates, such as
466:
were two principal highways built in the late 1970s and early 1980s to connect the new towns in western New
Territories and eastern New Territories to New Kowloon; tunnels (e.g.
284:
also began in the mid-1970s, and was regarded as part of the second phase of new-town development. The third phase of new-town development was proposed in the 1980s, including
268:
The first phase having succeeded, Hong Kong government proposed later in the 1970s to build New Towns in other areas as well. As part of this second phase, the development of
296:, the last of which was officially considered as an extension of Sha Tin New Town. The fourth phase of new-town development, so far the last, commenced in 1996 and developed
481:
Public transport was also developed. Many new towns were planned with new railway lines (e.g. MTR stations in Tsuen Wan New Town, Tseung Kwan O New Town, Tung Chung and the
433:
terminuses. Any new town with a railway station had its town centre planned near it. Tsuen Wan New Town was distinctive in having more than one town centre, situated around
508:
opened in 1998. These new towns in the north-western New
Territories were finally connected to urban areas with direct railway service when KCR West Rail (now part of the
1127:
265:
to create new space for some of the new towns. These newly developed towns, maturing in the 1980s, provided new homes to more than 1 million Hong Kong people.
82:, were designated as the first satellite towns, when the urban area in Hong Kong was still relatively small, restricted to the central and western parts of
496:, although at the time they remained the only new towns without direct railway service to the urban areas. Because there was no railway transport, and
1844:
1503:
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489:
was electrified in the early 1980s in order to provide convenient transport to the new towns at Fanling-Sheung Shui, Tai Po and Sha Tin.
1606:
421:
409:
309:
176:
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was also built in a remote corner on the southern side of Hong Kong Island, with similar concepts but at a smaller scale.
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To ease the traffic between the new towns and the urban area, new roads and highways were built. For example,
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1632:
1543:"Result of North East New Territories New Development Areas Planning and Engineering Study (with video)"
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The idea did not work, however. In the 1980s, when the new towns were developing at their highest pace,
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183:. This experience influenced the colonial Hong Kong government's development of new towns in Hong Kong.
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36:
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220:, located in then-underdeveloped eastern Kowloon, would be attractive to people living in the
201:
196:, however, the population boomed. The drastic growth was due to prolonged political unrest in
119:
107:
83:
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87:
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in the 1990s, the pace at which it developed new towns slowed in the 2000s, owing to lower
1725:
989:
980:
698:
678:
482:
269:
148:
79:
1523:. Tsuen Wan and West Kowloon District Planning Office, Planning Department of Hong Kong
505:
369:
197:
59:
55:
280:
began in 1976, 1977 and 1978 respectively; the extension of the Tsuen Wan New Town to
17:
1838:
1801:
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1006:
1002:
880:
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91:
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509:
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225:
372:, north of Wong Chu Road, east of Shan King Estate and south of Tai Hing Gardens;
1820:
1738:
1463:
1074:
925:
344:
333:
253:, which as a satellite town was not brought to full-scale development, and also
205:
54:. During the first phase of development, the newly developed towns were called "
1784:
1698:
1614:
840:
772:
572:
380:
305:
301:
237:
213:
143:
have been proposed by the government and currently under public consultation.
32:
1694:
1674:
1669:
958:
568:
417:
217:
209:
75:
67:
1277:
1564:
1417:
1816:
1806:
1624:
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906:
764:
576:
362:
329:
325:
136:
1490:""Tsuen Wan Legend" to celebrate 50th anniversary of Tsuen Wan New Town"
1825:
North Lantau New Town (Tung Chung Development Plan Phase 3 and Phase 4)
1811:
1734:
1325:
968:
911:
619:
615:
140:
98:
The first phase of new-town development, which began in 1973, included
71:
768:
358:
63:
1317:
520:
New towns’ residential areas have both private and public housing.
304:
was developed, although originally the plan included the area near
1592:"Places from the Past lost in New Towns: Hong Kong's Old Villages"
343:
164:
31:
492:
New towns in the north-western New Territories were connected by
221:
1628:
1302:
Scott, Ian (1982). "Administering the New Towns of Hong Kong".
368:
Tuen Mun New Town: Tuen Mun Industrial Area 屯門工業區, west of the
240:, in a remote corner on the southern side of Hong Kong Island.
216:
as sites for the first satellite towns, but it then found that
1278:"North East New Territories New Development Areas - The Study"
147:
each having not only residential areas but also commercial,
529:
New Town and Yuen Long New Town being the only exceptions.
582:
1959 (construction and planning begins, as satellite town)
379:
Industrial Area 柴灣角工業區, Texaco Industrial Area 德士古工業區 and
901:
North East New Territories New Development Areas Planning
1794:
1758:
1718:
1683:
1662:
584:1961 (formal, full scale development as new town)
204:in 1953 destroyed the homes of 58,203 people in a
1443:"Reclamation & Development in Hong Kong 1996"
941:(Tung Chung Development Plan Phase 3 and Phase 4)
179:to help relocate displaced populations after the
1590:Van Dijk, Terry; Weitkamp, Gerd (6 March 2017).
1750:Tsing Yi Town (extension of Tsuen Wan New Town)
316:. At present, there are nine new towns in all.
948:Planned new districts in established new towns
1640:
1260:"Development Phases of North Lantau New Town"
8:
1599:METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture
478:) were also built to shorten travel times.
1776:Ma On Shan (extension of Sha Tin New Town)
1647:
1633:
1625:
536:
27:Newly developed towns in the 20th century
1464:"Tsuen Wan Town Hall - A Changing Town"
1112:
1561:"Tung Chung New Town Extension Study"
308:), as a supporting town for the then-
175:The British government had developed
7:
1337:
1335:
1229:
1227:
1155:
1153:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
78:, located in the south-west of the
25:
1845:Planned communities in Hong Kong
1607:Middle East Technical University
1368:"Government Planned Development"
46:started developing new towns in
422:Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate
177:new towns in the United Kingdom
58:", a concept borrowed from the
555:Population density (people/km)
386:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town:
52:Hong Kong's booming population
1:
1492:. info.gov.hk. 3 March 2011.
1098:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town
916:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town
733:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town
278:Fanling-Sheung Shui New Town
402:Yuen Long Industrial Estate
232:, which lay to the west of
157:Yuen Long Industrial Estate
62:, of which Hong Kong was a
1861:
1615:10.4305/METU.JFA.2017.2.5
839:(Currently only includes
310:newly constructed airport
86:and the northern side of
558:Administrative division
441:, and later also around
395:Tai Po Industrial Estate
348:Tai Po Industrial Estate
163:industries had moved to
153:Tai Po Industrial Estate
122:. As demand rose in the
1235:"Historical Background"
1207:"Historical Background"
1182:"Historical Background"
1128:"Historical Background"
907:Kwu Tung North New Town
390:Industrial Area 安樂村工業區;
137:Kwu Tung North New Town
1656:New towns of Hong Kong
1021:Tseung Kwan O New Town
1011:Tseung Kwan O New Town
912:North Fanling New Town
881:Hung Shui Kiu New Town
760:Tseung Kwan O New Town
487:Kowloon–Canton Railway
349:
286:Tseung Kwan O New Town
141:North Fanling New Town
133:Hung Shui Kiu New Town
39:
18:New towns in Hong Kong
939:North Lantau New Town
885:Tin Shui Wai New Town
836:North Lantau New Town
809:Tin Shui Wai New Town
533:Established new towns
485:for Ma On Shan). The
347:
298:North Lantau New Town
290:Tin Shui Wai New Town
70:, located in eastern
37:Tin Shui Wai New Town
35:
1518:"Tsuen Wan New Town"
1017:Anderson Road Quarry
928:New Town (Suspended)
474:) and bridges (e.g.
400:Yuen Long New Town:
375:Tsuen Wan New Town:
328:, North Fanling and
44:Hong Kong government
1731:Fanling-Sheung Shui
1393:"Planning Concepts"
1343:"Planning Concepts"
1138:on 7 September 2017
604:Kwai Tsing District
543:Time of development
472:Tate's Cairn Tunnel
1418:"香港地方 | 地方 | 填海工程"
1282:www.nentnda.gov.hk
1094:Yuen Long New Town
1019:Development Plan (
973:Yuen Long New Town
963:Yuen Long New Town
954:Yuen Long District
889:Yuen Long New Town
876:Yuen Long District
829:Yuen Long District
726:Yuen Long District
706:Yuen Long New Town
600:Tsuen Wan District
564:Tsuen Wan New Town
549:Planned population
512:) opened in 2003.
494:Light Rail Transit
357:Sha Tin New Town:
350:
274:Yuen Long New Town
263:land was reclaimed
251:Tsuen Wan New Town
40:
1832:
1831:
1079:Tuen Mun New Town
1070:Tuen Mun District
998:Sai Kung District
870:Planned new towns
867:
866:
802:Sai Kung District
672:Tuen Mun District
652:Tuen Mun New Town
439:Kwai Fong station
435:Tsuen Wan station
393:Tai Po New Town:
259:Tuen Mun New Town
202:Shek Kip Mei Fire
120:population growth
84:Kowloon Peninsula
16:(Redirected from
1852:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1618:
1596:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1563:. Archived from
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1539:
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1532:
1530:
1528:
1522:
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1422:www.hk-place.com
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1397:www.pland.gov.hk
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1372:www.pland.gov.hk
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1347:www.pland.gov.hk
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1264:www.pland.gov.hk
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1239:www.pland.gov.hk
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1211:www.pland.gov.hk
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1186:www.pland.gov.hk
1178:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1134:. Archived from
1132:www.pland.gov.hk
1124:
1090:Lok Ma Chau Loop
1062:Sha Tin New Town
1048:Sha Tin New Town
1038:Sha Tin New Town
1029:Sha Tin District
934:Islands District
862:Islands District
645:Sha Tin District
611:Sha Tin New Town
537:
524:Land reclamation
502:Castle Peak Road
468:Lion Rock Tunnel
443:Tsing Yi station
410:secondary sector
255:Sha Tin New Town
194:Second World War
181:Second World War
161:secondary sector
88:Hong Kong Island
21:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1828:
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1714:
1679:
1663:Satellite towns
1658:
1653:
1622:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1584:Further reading
1581:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1567:on 28 June 2016
1559:
1558:
1554:
1547:www.info.gov.hk
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1504:"Urban Mapping"
1502:
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1318:10.2307/2643702
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990:Tai Po New Town
981:Tai Po District
950:
872:
838:
762:
699:Tai Po District
679:Tai Po New Town
613:
583:
566:
546:2012 population
535:
526:
518:
483:Ma On Shan Rail
476:Tsing Yi Bridge
452:
430:
342:
270:Tai Po New Town
246:
189:
187:Satellite towns
173:
131:. For example,
80:New Territories
56:satellite towns
50:to accommodate
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1847:
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1807:Kwu Tung North
1804:
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1795:Under planning
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1745:Yuen Long Town
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914:(Extension of
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897:North District
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753:North District
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506:Tai Lam Tunnel
451:
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373:
370:Tuen Mun River
366:
341:
340:Urban planning
338:
245:
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198:Mainland China
188:
185:
172:
169:
129:public housing
124:housing market
60:United Kingdom
26:
24:
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34:
30:
19:
1781:North Lantau
1771:Tin Shui Wai
1655:
1621:
1602:
1598:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1555:
1546:
1537:
1527:29 September
1525:. Retrieved
1512:
1498:
1484:
1472:
1458:
1448:16 September
1446:. Retrieved
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1396:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1371:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1346:
1312:(7): 663–4.
1309:
1305:Asian Survey
1303:
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1238:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:
1176:
1167:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:the original
1131:
1034:Shui Chuen O
986:Pak Shek Kok
527:
519:
510:Tuen Ma Line
491:
480:
464:Tolo Highway
457:
453:
431:
428:Town centres
407:
388:On Lok Tsuen
377:Chai Wan Kok
351:
318:
314:Chek Lap Kok
267:
247:
226:Ngau Tau Kok
190:
174:
145:
96:
41:
29:
1821:Ta Kwu Ling
1739:Sheung Shui
1726:Tai Po Town
1609:: 197–220.
1479:dsd.gov.hk
1161:"Factsheet"
1075:So Kwun Wat
1044:Kau To Hill
926:Ta Kwu Ling
763:(including
614:(including
567:(including
334:Ta Kwu Ling
206:shanty town
1785:Tung Chung
1699:Kwai Chung
1107:References
1058:Lok Wo Sha
1005:South and
841:Tung Chung
773:LOHAS Park
624:Ma On Shan
573:Kwai Chung
418:warehouses
413:industries
381:Kwai Chung
306:Tai Ho Wan
302:Tung Chung
294:Ma On Shan
238:Pok Fu Lam
224:of nearby
214:Kwai Chung
149:industrial
112:a new town
1759:Phase III
1737:Town and
1697:Town and
1695:Tsuen Wan
1691:Tsuen Wan
1675:Tsuen Wan
1670:Kwun Tong
1054:Whitehead
959:Yuen Long
569:Tsuen Wan
552:Area (km)
540:New Towns
450:Transport
424:將軍澳工業邨).
244:New towns
218:Kwun Tong
210:Tsuen Wan
100:Tsuen Wan
76:Tsuen Wan
68:Kwun Tong
48:the 1950s
1839:Category
1817:Ping Che
1719:Phase II
1710:Tuen Mun
1427:20 March
1402:20 March
1377:20 March
1352:20 March
1287:20 March
1244:20 March
1216:20 March
1191:20 March
1142:20 March
922:Ping Che
765:Hang Hau
577:Tsing Yi
363:Shek Mun
330:Ping Che
326:Kwu Tung
234:Aberdeen
108:Tuen Mun
1735:Fanling
1705:Sha Tin
1684:Phase I
1571:13 June
1326:2643702
1086:Others
971:South (
969:Kam Tin
961:South (
852:220,000
819:306,000
816:288,000
792:450,000
789:372,000
743:291,000
740:255,000
716:196,000
713:148,000
689:347,000
686:265,000
662:649,000
659:486,000
635:735,000
632:636,000
620:Tai Wai
616:Sha Tin
590:845,000
587:856,000
516:Housing
171:History
104:Sha Tin
72:Kowloon
1324:
1168:gov.hk
883:(Near
849:78,000
825:63,000
798:34,800
779:, and
769:Po Lam
749:31,300
722:18,000
695:22,200
668:25,710
641:18,000
622:, and
596:32,300
575:, and
404:元朗工業邨.
397:大埔工業邨;
359:Fo Tan
300:(only
74:, and
64:colony
1741:Town)
1701:Town)
1605:(2).
1595:(PDF)
1521:(PDF)
1322:JSTOR
1164:(PDF)
858:9,700
795:10.05
719:11.70
692:12.70
665:19.00
638:35.87
593:24.00
222:slums
165:China
1573:2016
1529:2021
1477:Book
1450:2023
1429:2018
1404:2018
1379:2018
1354:2018
1289:2018
1246:2018
1218:2018
1193:2018
1144:2018
1096:and
1056:and
887:and
855:8.30
846:1996
822:4.30
813:1987
786:1982
746:7.80
737:1978
710:1977
683:1976
656:1973
629:1973
602:and
500:and
470:and
462:and
437:and
361:and
292:and
276:and
257:and
212:and
155:and
139:and
106:and
42:The
1611:doi
1314:doi
312:in
236:in
114:on
1841::
1603:35
1601:.
1597:.
1545:.
1420:.
1395:.
1370:.
1345:.
1334:^
1320:.
1310:22
1308:.
1280:.
1262:.
1237:.
1226:^
1209:.
1184:.
1166:.
1152:^
1130:.
1115:^
903:)
775:,
771:,
767:,
618:,
571:,
324:,
288:,
272:,
167:.
135:,
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1316::
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332:-
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