31:
174:. Due to the huge numbers of men wishing to sign up, in places queues up to a mile long formed outside recruitment offices, there were many problems in equipping and providing shelter for the new recruits. Rapidly the Government added many new recruitment centres, which eased the admissions burden, and began a programme of temporary construction at the main training camps. By 12 September, almost half a million men had enlisted. The priority placement of recruits was to make up the strength of K1 units, then the Reserve battalions, and then the K2 units. Almost 2.5 million men volunteered for Kitchener's Army. The War Office stipulated that NCOs for these new formations should be selected from those men reenlisting.
1036:'Kitchener's Mob' they were called in the early days of August, 1914, when London hoardings were clamorous with the first calls for volunteers. The seasoned regulars of the first British expeditionary force said it patronizingly, the great British public hopefully, the world at large doubtfully. 'Kitchener's Mob,' when there was but a scant sixty thousand under arms with millions yet to come. 'Kitchener's Mob' it remains to-day, fighting in hundreds of thousands in France, Belgium, Africa, the Balkans. And to-morrow, when the war is ended, who will come marching home again, old campaigners, war-worn remnants of once mighty armies? 'Kitchener's Mob.'
279:
Territorial battalions. (Since
Kitchener's death in 1916, no other major figure opposed this fundamental change to the principles on which the New Army had been raised.) In some cases, New Army divisions had to disband about half of their units to make room for surplus battalions transferred from Regular or First-Line Territorial divisions. While the change reduced the unique sense of identity of some New Army formations, it developed the divisions in France into more homogeneous units. By this time there was no longer much real distinction between Regular, Territorial, and New Army divisions.
87:
205:
156:. The initial BEF—a single army of five regular divisions in August 1914, grew to two field armies comprising 16 divisions by the end of 1914 when the Territorials had been deployed, and to five armies totalling around 60 divisions in strength by the summer of 1916; approximately 2 million men, of whom around half were infantry (the rest were gun crews, supply and logistics men etc.)
265:
The Army had difficulty supplying new units with enough weapons. No artillery pieces had been left in
Britain to train new artillery brigades, and most battalions had to drill with obsolete rifles or wooden mockups. By early 1915 the Government had overcome many of these problems. Among its methods
73:
to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of
Kitchener's Army units came
1188:
Peter
Simkins comments in "Kitchener's Army" that once K1 had been formed, the SR battalions would be brought up to strength of 2,000 before K2 was formed. This, according to Simkins was decided on 27th Aug 1914. Any further surplus would then be used for the formation of K2... the realisation that
195:
of 1918 were conscripts, many of whom were youths under 21 years of age, or in their late thirties or older. Many of the other soldiers were men of lower levels of fitness who had volunteered earlier in the war and had since been "combed out" of rear echelon jobs. Roughly half of those who served in
1162:
I recall late Sep 1914 that the authorities tightened up the requirements in order to put the brakes on recruiting, only to relax it again in Nov 1914, once the backlog had started to clear. The effects can be clearly seen in the daily data (see below). The subtle changes in the recruiting criteria
1088:
Medlicott, (1967), p. 21.' had acted decisively on the outbreak of war in calling for a large enlistment of 500,000 volunteers for the regular army; but these would take time to train and he did not anticipate that the full weight of the
British effort could be thrown in until perhaps the middle of
442:
The divisions were not fully formed when the decision was made to use them to provide replacements for the first three New Armies. The divisions were broken up on 10 April 1915; the infantry brigades and battalions became reserve formations and the other divisional troops were transferred to the
30:
278:
in France became acute. The Army ordered infantry divisions to be reduced from twelve infantry battalions to nine. The higher-numbered battalions (in effect the New Army units, and some Second-Line
Territorial units) were to be disbanded rather than the lower-numbered Regular and First-Line
262:") to have been promoted from the ranks to meet the demand, especially as casualty rates among junior infantry officers were extremely high. Many officers, both regular and temporary, were promoted to ranks and responsibilities far greater than they had ever realistically expected to hold.
224:
The
British Army traditionally recruited on a regimental basis, therefore a recruit accepted into the Army was first sent to his new regiment's depot, where he received his kit and was introduced to army discipline and training. Next he was sent to the main training camps to join his
124:
1870–1871. In the early days of the war, the
Territorial Force could not reinforce the regular army, as it lacked modern equipment, particularly artillery. In addition, it took time to form first-line units composed only of men who had volunteered for "General Service".
94:
Contrary to the popular belief that the war would be over by
Christmas 1914, Kitchener predicted a long and brutal war. He believed that arrival in Europe of an overwhelming force of new, well-trained and well-led divisions would prove a decisive blow against the
184:, like the other great powers involved in the war. (Conscription was also applied "in reverse", so that skilled workers and craftsmen who had volunteered early in the war could be drafted back into the munitions industry, where they were sorely needed.)
257:
and university graduates, many of whom had some prior military training in
Officer Training Corps, were often granted direct commissions. Commanding officers were encouraged to promote promising leaders and later in the war it was common for officers
246:. Whilst this crisis went on, the soldiers wore regimental and unit badges or patches on their clothing. Many photographs from the era show uniformed soldiers drilling alongside civilian clothed soldiers, perhaps led by red-jacketed NCOs.
119:
as part of the Army reforms of the Edwardian period) as the basis for the New Army, as many of its members had volunteered for "Home Service" only, and because he was suspicious of the poor performance of French "territorials" in the
1667:
1662:
233:
had the required stocks of equipment, or the manpower to train the flood of recruits; men trained wearing their own clothes and shoes. To mitigate this problem, the army issued old stored uniforms, including
165:
99:. Kitchener fought off opposition to his plan, and attempts to weaken or water down its potential, including piece-meal dispersal of the New Army battalions into existing regular or
170:
All five of the full army groups (meaning a group of divisions similar in size to an army, not a group of armies) were made up of volunteer recruits, which included the famous
178:
By the beginning of 1916, the queues were not so long anymore. Information about the true nature of the war had reached Great Britain, and enthusiasm for volunteering plunged.
242:. Some regiments bought their own uniform and boots with money paid from public collections. Many regiments were also issued with emergency blue uniforms, popularly known as
136:. These new battalions had titles of the form "xxth (Service) Battalion, <regiment name>". The first New Army divisions were first used in August 1915 at
266:
was pressing into use old ceremonial cannons and unfinished modern artillery pieces (they lacked targeting sights). During 1915, it corrected such shortages.
1175:
275:
239:
104:
1015:
287:
Kitchener's New Army was made up of the following Army Groups (meaning a group of divisions similar in size to an army, not a group of armies) and
1672:
333:
1578:
112:
66:
196:
the British Army throughout the war, including more than half of the five million men serving in the British Army in 1918, were conscripts.
1657:
1117:
187:
The first conscripts arrived in France in late 1916 to fill the gaps in the volunteer units, which had been greatly diminished during the
1149:
1502:
1483:
249:
The Regiments also suffered from a lack of officers to train them. The government called up all reserve-list officers and any
54:
557:
552:
547:
529:
500:
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86:
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686:
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320:
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693:
519:
204:
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are of great interest. Sadly I only have daily recruiting data for 1914 . Thereafter it becomes monthly.
538:
371:
351:
325:
305:
770:
192:
1122:
923:
809:
576:
569:
288:
259:
250:
188:
153:
121:
253:
officer who happened to be on leave in the UK during the period. Men who had been to a recognised
704:
141:
1521:
1127:
1637:
1633:
1621:
1605:
1574:
1498:
1479:
1047:
917:
887:
676:
647:
639:
209:
100:
658:
1534:
515:
Following the re-designation of the previous K5 Army Group, a new K5 Army Group was formed.
1189:
the SR would need far more men in the immediate future than their establishment of 606 ORs.
874:
each comprising three batteries with six 18 pounders and one battery of six 4.5" howitzers
850:
716:
635:
1495:
Order of Battle of Divisions Part 3B. New Army Divisions (30–41) & 63rd (RN) Division
1617:
1601:
235:
171:
145:
96:
75:
58:
1178:. Analysis of 1914 recruiting statistics in WO 162/4. Great War Forum. 11 October 2013
1646:
854:
782:
1545:
Ginzburg, Carlo. "‘Your Country Needs You’: A Case Study in Political Iconography."
817:
34:
17:
191:. After the bloody battles of 1916 and 1917, many of the British Army facing the
843:
600:
217:
62:
1538:
1152:. BEF 1915: Loos and the Kitchener battalions. Great War Forum. 8 January 2015
729:
665:
643:
1563:
Kitchener Enigma: The Life and Death of Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, 1850-1916
863:
839:
835:
625:
596:
226:
137:
129:
1626:
1610:
1594:
822:
722:
654:
582:
230:
133:
1614:
All in It: K(1) Carries On a Continuation of the First Hundred Thousand
828:
614:
589:
111:). Kitchener declined to use the existing Territorial Force (set up by
1449:
1426:
1403:
1380:
1353:
1330:
1307:
1284:
1261:
1226:
1668:
Military units and formations of the United Kingdom in World War I
203:
85:
29:
1663:
Military units and formations of the British Army in World War I
750:
1476:
Order of Battle of Divisions Part 3A. New Army Divisions (9–26)
419:
Kitchener's Fourth New Army was formed from November 1914 with
61:
from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the
1630:
Kitchener's Mob: Adventures of an American in the British Army
1044:
Kitchener's Mob: Adventures of an American in the British Army
128:
Those recruited into the New Army were used to form complete
1061:
Men 'who may be promoted from the rank they formerly held.'
443:
divisions of the newly created Fourth and Fifth New Armies.
274:
At the beginning of 1918, the shortage of manpower in the
166:
Recruitment to the British Army during the First World War
65:
in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of
879:
2 medium trench mortar batteries with 6 × 2" mortars each
27:
Initially all-volunteer army formed in the United Kingdom
1571:
Kitchener's Army: The Raising of the New Armies, 1914–16
1176:"Kitchener Bn men drawn off to fill Regular Bns in 1914"
1573:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military.
180:
Great Britain had to resort to conscription under the
152:
in the autumn of 1915; they were sorely tested in the
1099:
1097:
1095:
103:
divisions (the view of the Commander-in-Chief of the
1520:
451:Redesignated K4 following breakup of original K4.
53:, was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the
1511:Beckett, Ian, Timothy Bowman, and Mark Connelly.
1150:"Recruiting [bar charts] Aug-Dec 1914"
8:
1118:"Voluntary recruiting in Britain, 1914-1915"
1497:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office.
1478:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office.
37:'s recruitment poster for Kitchener's Army.
1212:
812:would have comprised the following units:
572:would have comprised the following units:
90:1914 poster describing terms of enlistment
1404:"The 36th (Ulster) Division in 1914–1918"
710:1 pioneer battalion (with 4 machine guns)
1513:The British Army and the First World War
1450:"The 38th (Welsh) Division in 1914–1918"
1227:"The 14th (Light) Division in 1914–1918"
1016:List of British divisions in World War I
1522:"Kitchener's Army: The Somme and After"
1200:
1103:
1081:
1026:
568:In 1915, the prescribed structure of a
1379:. The Long, Long Trail. Archived from
1247:
1070:his basic uniform, boots, webbing etc
332:but renumbered when the regular army
7:
1515:(Cambridge University Press, 2017)
990:Assorted carts & vehicles: 870
911:1 pioneer battalion, 12 Lewis Guns
776:Assorted carts & vehicles: 958
25:
1427:"The 37th Division in 1914–1918"
1377:"The 35th Division in 1914–1918"
1354:"The 34th Division in 1914–1918"
1331:"The 33rd Division in 1914–1918"
1308:"The 32nd Division in 1914–1918"
1285:"The 31st Division in 1914–1918"
1262:"The 30th Division in 1914–1918"
947:Number of troops and equipment:
922:comprising 4 companies, with 16
742:Number of troops and equipment:
657:brigade (of 4 batteries of four
78:(September–October 1915).
1519:Carrington, Charles E. (1978).
1555:Contemporary England 1914-1964
1116:Simkins, Peter (29 Jan 2014).
882:1 divisional ammunition column
671:1 divisional ammunition column
1:
1673:United Kingdom in World War I
526:, numbered on 28 August 1914.
336:was formed in September 1914.
804:Divisional structure in 1918
564:Divisional structure in 1915
132:under existing British Army
1658:British Army in World War I
937:1 mobile veterinary section
871:2 field artillery brigades
276:British Expeditionary Force
105:British Expeditionary Force
1689:
1598:The First Hundred Thousand
1565:(The History Press, 2016).
1493:Becke, Major A.F. (1945).
1474:Becke, Major A.F. (1938).
940:1 motor ambulance workshop
735:1 motor ambulance workshop
668:with an ammunition column)
541:—originally designated as
532:—originally designated as
503:—originally designated as
494:—originally designated as
485:—originally designated as
476:—originally designated as
467:—originally designated as
458:—originally designated as
163:
71:Secretary of State for War
1539:10.1080/03071847809426027
954:Horses & mules: 3,838
892:H.Q. Divisional Engineers
868:H.Q. Divisional Artillery
661:and an ammunition column)
182:Military Service Act 1916
1553:Medlicott, W.N. (1967).
1547:History Workshop Journal
357:17th (Northern) Division
347:15th (Scottish) Division
311:11th (Northern) Division
1569:Simkins, Peter (2007).
682:HQ Divisional Engineers
631:HQ Divisional Artillery
367:19th (Western) Division
362:18th (Eastern) Division
321:13th (Western) Division
316:12th (Eastern) Division
301:9th (Scottish) Division
214:10th (Irish) Division's
45:, often referred to as
1452:. The Long, Long Trail
1429:. The Long, Long Trail
1406:. The Long, Long Trail
1356:. The Long, Long Trail
1333:. The Long, Long Trail
1310:. The Long, Long Trail
1287:. The Long, Long Trail
1264:. The Long, Long Trail
1229:. The Long, Long Trail
853:battery with eight 3"
664:1 heavy battery (four
520:36th (Ulster) Division
415:Original K4 Army Group
221:
91:
49:or, disparagingly, as
38:
849:and one light trench
539:38th (Welsh) Division
372:20th (Light) Division
352:16th (Irish) Division
326:14th (Light) Division
306:10th (Irish) Division
207:
89:
33:
1005:Motor ambulances: 21
924:Vickers machine guns
771:Vickers machine guns
638:brigades (each of 4
330:8th (Light) Division
193:Ludendorff Offensive
109:Field Marshal French
1383:on 21 December 2011
1123:The British Library
966:trench mortars: 36
808:In 1918, a typical
762:16 × 4.5" howitzers
592:, each comprising:
260:temporary gentlemen
251:British Indian Army
189:Battle of the Somme
154:Battle of the Somme
122:Franco-Prussian War
1250:, pp. 133–138
1130:on 26 January 2021
979:Machine guns: 400
963:4.5" howitzers: 12
943:1 divisional train
934:1 sanitary section
931:3 field ambulances
834:each comprising 3
738:1 divisional train
653:1 field artillery
270:Later developments
229:. In practice, no
222:
142:Gallipoli Campaign
92:
39:
18:New Army (British)
1638:Project Gutenberg
1634:James Norman Hall
1622:Project Gutenberg
1606:Project Gutenberg
1580:978-1-84-415585-9
1048:James Norman Hall
951:All ranks: 16,035
918:Machine Gun Corps
895:3 field companies
746:All ranks: 19,614
648:ammunition column
620:1 cyclist company
210:Church of England
101:Territorial Force
67:Herbert Kitchener
16:(Redirected from
1680:
1653:Kitchener's Army
1584:
1558:
1542:
1527:The RUSI Journal
1524:
1508:
1489:
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1215:, p. 15-20.
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1126:. Archived from
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1086:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1002:Motor lorries: 3
996:Motor cycles: 44
903:1 signal company
900:Signals Service
759:48 × 18 pounders
717:field ambulances
699:1 signal company
610:Mounted troops:
447:K4/K5 Army Group
179:
172:Pals' Battalions
47:Kitchener's Army
21:
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1679:
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1643:
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1561:Royle, Trevor.
1552:
1549:. No. 52. 2001.
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1213:Carrington 1978
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1024:
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960:18 pounders: 36
806:
765:4 × 60 pounders
694:Signals Service
636:field artillery
566:
524:Ulster Division
522:—raised as the
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343:
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285:
272:
212:service at the
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63:First World War
51:Kitchener's Mob
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1589:External links
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244:Kitchener Blue
236:First Boer War
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164:Main article:
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146:Battle of Loos
97:Central Powers
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76:Battle of Loos
59:United Kingdom
57:formed in the
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1322:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1286:
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749:Horses &
748:
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734:
731:
727:
724:
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709:
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619:
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594:
593:
591:
587:
586:
584:
581:
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563:
559:
558:41st Division
556:
554:
553:40th Division
551:
549:
548:39th Division
546:
544:
543:43rd Division
540:
537:
535:
534:44th Division
531:
530:37th Division
528:
525:
521:
518:
517:
516:
511:K5 Army Group
510:
506:
505:42nd Division
502:
501:35th Division
499:
497:
496:41st Division
493:
492:34th Division
490:
488:
487:40th Division
484:
483:33rd Division
481:
479:
478:39th Division
475:
474:32nd Division
472:
470:
469:38th Division
466:
465:31st Division
463:
461:
460:37th Division
457:
456:30th Division
454:
453:
452:
446:
444:
438:35th Division
437:
435:34th Division
434:
432:33rd Division
431:
429:32nd Division
428:
426:31st Division
425:
423:30th Division
422:
421:
420:
414:
410:
409:26th Division
407:
405:
404:25th Division
402:
400:
399:24th Division
397:
395:
394:23rd Division
392:
390:
389:22nd Division
387:
385:
384:21st Division
382:
381:
378:K3 Army Group
377:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
341:K2 Army Group
340:
335:
331:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
295:K1 Army Group
294:
292:
290:
282:
280:
277:
269:
267:
263:
261:
256:
255:public school
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
232:
228:
219:
215:
211:
206:
199:
197:
194:
190:
185:
183:
175:
173:
167:
159:
157:
155:
151:
150:Western Front
147:
144:and also the
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
123:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
88:
81:
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77:
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68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
36:
32:
19:
1629:
1613:
1597:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1533:(1): 15–20.
1530:
1526:
1512:
1494:
1475:
1468:Bibliography
1454:. Retrieved
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1381:the original
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1255:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1220:
1208:
1201:Simkins 2007
1196:
1187:
1180:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1154:. Retrieved
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1128:the original
1121:
1111:
1104:Simkins 2007
1084:
1066:
1057:
1043:
1029:
946:
844:machine guns
807:
741:
601:machine guns
567:
542:
533:
523:
514:
504:
495:
486:
477:
468:
459:
450:
441:
418:
334:8th Division
329:
328:—originally
286:
273:
264:
248:
243:
223:
186:
176:
169:
127:
117:Douglas Haig
113:Lord Haldane
93:
55:British Army
50:
46:
42:
40:
35:Alfred Leete
1557:. Longmans.
993:Cycles: 341
982:Vickers: 64
916:Battalion,
816:Divisional
779:Cycles: 538
666:60 pounders
644:18 pounders
240:red jackets
218:Basingstoke
160:Recruitment
140:during the
69:, then the
1647:Categories
1456:17 January
1433:17 January
1410:17 January
1387:17 January
1360:17 January
1337:17 January
1314:17 January
1291:17 January
1268:17 January
1248:Becke 1945
1233:17 January
1134:9 November
1077:References
985:Lewis: 336
972:Medium: 12
969:Stokes: 24
840:Lewis Guns
838:, with 36
836:battalions
794:lorries: 4
788:cycles: 19
730:veterinary
597:battalions
577:Divisional
130:battalions
1022:Footnotes
957:Guns: 48
908:Pioneers
888:Engineers
864:Artillery
728:1 mobile
687:companies
677:Engineers
646:and one
640:batteries
626:Artillery
289:Divisions
283:Structure
238:–vintage
227:battalion
138:Suvla Bay
134:regiments
1182:26 March
1156:25 March
1010:See also
829:brigades
823:Infantry
810:division
791:cars: 11
723:sanitary
705:Pioneers
685:3 field
655:howitzer
642:of four
617:squadron
599:(with 4
590:brigades
583:Infantry
570:division
231:regiment
216:camp at
200:Training
43:New Army
842:(light
753:: 5,818
732:section
725:section
615:cavalry
220:in 1915
148:on the
107:(BEF),
82:Origins
74:at the
1627:E-book
1611:E-book
1595:E-book
1577:
1501:
1482:
1089:1916.'
1050:, 1916
855:Stokes
851:mortar
846:) each
756:Guns:
751:mules
603:each)
1575:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1458:2014
1435:2014
1412:2014
1389:2014
1362:2014
1339:2014
1316:2014
1293:2014
1270:2014
1235:2014
1184:2024
1158:2024
1136:2022
926:each
773:: 52
115:and
41:The
1636:at
1632:by
1620:at
1616:by
1604:at
1600:by
1535:doi
1531:123
1046:by
1649::
1529:.
1525:.
1186:.
1160:.
1120:.
1094:^
831:,
827:3
818:HQ
785::
721:1
715:3
707::
696::
679::
634:3
628::
613:1
595:4
588:3
585::
579:HQ
291::
258:("
208:A
1583:.
1541:.
1537::
1507:.
1488:.
1460:.
1437:.
1414:.
1391:.
1364:.
1341:.
1318:.
1295:.
1272:.
1237:.
1138:.
1106:.
1042:—
1038:"
1034:"
650:)
20:)
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