57:
1500:
490:
1969:
1487:
476:
416:, also happened to be governor of Vancouver Island. This situation was manageable, so long as the European population remained small (about 100, mostly Company employees and their families). All this changed in 1858, however, with the discovery of gold north of
56:
424:
and the influx of twenty to thirty thousand people, mostly
American. Douglas, who had no legal authority over the region, felt compelled to exert British sovereignty by placing a gunboat at the mouth of the
317:
The boundaries of the department were vague, and changed over time. For all practical purposes, New
Caledonia extended as far as the economic relationships enjoyed by its designated
1996:
1461:
1466:
1991:
1538:
1736:
792:
1136:
529:
2001:
921:
610:
305:
river systems. The origin of the name is generally attributed to Simon Fraser and his companions, to whom the hills and woodlands were reminiscent of the
152:
1362:
1357:
438:
437:
was prompted into action, and legislation was passed designating New
Caledonia a crown colony on August 2, 1858. The name given the new entity was the
930:
519:
1264:
385:. Nonetheless, in popular parlance, the entire British-held mainland north of the US boundary and west of the Rockies was known as New Caledonia.
1376:
1531:
1347:
1159:
1146:
1083:
787:
1246:
1192:
1179:
1094:
1070:
660:
1946:
1417:
1223:
971:
938:
434:
1300:
1561:
257:
posts west of the Rocky
Mountains by Simon Fraser and his crew, during their explorations of 1805–08. These were Fort George (later
716:
2021:
1972:
1524:
1407:
583:
293:. In its proper sense, New Caledonia at first thus comprised the territory of the northwestern Interior Plateau drained by the
1716:
1456:
996:
914:
603:
539:
457:
258:
2006:
665:
1916:
1874:
1427:
274:
270:
1804:
706:
685:
1825:
1640:
1076:
640:
1839:
1490:
1412:
1352:
1269:
907:
761:
596:
401:
382:
174:
in 1846, New
Caledonia was often used to describe anywhere on the mainland not in the Columbia Department, such as
1881:
1704:
1616:
1131:
508:
461:
215:
1646:
1026:
814:
766:
721:
620:
449:
413:
412:
New
Caledonia continued over the next few years to be administered by the HBC, whose regional chief executive,
219:
2016:
1956:
1818:
1790:
1731:
1547:
1372:
726:
421:
366:
247:
231:
207:
203:
144:
39:
1295:
1065:
1050:
1016:
741:
417:
1888:
1251:
802:
570:
358:
298:
253:
For all intents and purposes, New
Caledonia came into being with the establishment of the first British
235:
234:(HBC). However, until 1849, the region which now comprises British Columbia was an unorganized area of
961:
1951:
1941:
1762:
1746:
1471:
1367:
1322:
1285:
1280:
1236:
819:
731:
711:
701:
655:
545:
534:
453:
294:
588:
246:, were not concessions to HBC. Rather, the company was simply granted a monopoly to trade with the
1853:
1622:
1060:
1040:
1006:
751:
680:
650:
378:
346:
338:
163:
2011:
1867:
1783:
1726:
1598:
1332:
1327:
1001:
890:
746:
675:
306:
227:
756:
448:
The name New
Caledonia is still used in official and commercial names in the region (e.g., the
158:, New Caledonia was part of the British claim to North America. Its administrative centre was
1860:
1797:
1709:
1566:
1342:
1055:
1021:
645:
635:
513:
397:
342:
243:
373:
in 1846 ended disputed joint occupation of areas west of the Rocky
Mountains pursuant to the
321:, which greatly expanded over the years. The eastern boundary had been considered to be the
1906:
1699:
1682:
1440:
1382:
1290:
899:
873:
389:
278:
239:
191:
148:
131:
337:
drainage. The region south of the
Thompson River and north of the then Mexico border, the
285:
on McLeod Lake, north of Fort George, and the administrative headquarters of the district,
1911:
1676:
1670:
1169:
1117:
1044:
442:
322:
202:. Similarly, British claims were established inland via the explorations of such men as
1392:
1604:
1213:
1011:
866:
524:
481:
374:
354:
334:
286:
195:
167:
159:
72:
17:
1985:
1770:
1652:
1504:
1317:
736:
495:
370:
302:
266:
171:
565:
242:
to the north and east, the departments of New Caledonia and its southern neighbour,
1741:
1571:
1402:
1309:
1305:
1121:
861:
840:
806:
584:
Geographical Names of Canada Provinces and Territories - The origins of their names
426:
393:
362:
350:
326:
262:
211:
175:
1846:
1832:
1776:
1664:
1634:
1516:
1312:
856:
430:
290:
282:
27:
Fur-trading district of the Hudson's Bay Company in present-day southwest Canada
1811:
1274:
985:
835:
771:
471:
199:
187:
170:
by the Americans. Even before the partition of the Columbia Department by the
1921:
1610:
1576:
1397:
1107:
503:
318:
254:
223:
147:
that comprised the territory of the north-central portions of present-day
1628:
878:
1581:
951:
330:
991:
155:
162:. The rest of what is now mainland British Columbia was called the
1658:
377:. The southern boundary of the district was shifted north to the
250:
inhabitants after its merger with the North West Company in 1821.
1520:
903:
592:
445:, was established on the southern reaches of the Fraser River.
198:
in 1792 established the British claim to the coast north of
400:
were designated a crown colony in their own right, the
1934:
1899:
1755:
1692:
1591:
1554:
1449:
1426:
1245:
1222:
1201:
1178:
1145:
1093:
970:
937:
849:
828:
801:
780:
694:
628:
126:
104:
94:
82:
68:
32:
361:). Westward migration of American settlers by the
1462:Areas disputed by Canada and the United States
1997:States and territories disestablished in 1858
1532:
915:
604:
8:
1467:Proposed provinces and territories of Canada
530:Roman Catholic Diocese of Victoria in Canada
1992:States and territories established in 1805
1752:
1539:
1525:
1517:
922:
908:
900:
611:
597:
589:
29:
931:Former colonies and territories in Canada
520:Former colonies and territories in Canada
433:seeking to travel upstream. The British
222:, and by the subsequent establishment of
557:
67:
408:From New Caledonia to British Columbia
429:in order to obtain licence fees from
121:
117:
103:
93:
89:
77:
7:
460:; Caledonia Sr. Secondary School in
313:Shifting boundaries and designations
2002:Pre-Confederation British Columbia
143:was a fur-trading district of the
25:
717:Company of One Hundred Associates
1968:
1967:
1498:
1486:
1485:
1457:Territorial evolution after 1867
781:Lists of forts and trading posts
488:
474:
381:, and administration shifted to
329:, and the southern boundary the
55:
540:Territorial evolution of Canada
281:, near the Peace River Canyon,
1:
707:Bent, St. Vrain & Company
1717:Hudson's Bay Trading Company
1363:British Columbia (1866–1871)
1358:British Columbia (1858–1866)
325:, the northern boundary the
2038:
1270:British Arctic Territories
762:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
439:Colony of British Columbia
402:Colony of Vancouver Island
1965:
1584:(1978–2020, 2023–present)
1480:
887:
509:Columbia (Oregon Country)
261:) at the junction of the
194:, and the concessions of
122:
118:
114:
90:
78:
50:
45:
37:
815:Portage La Loche Brigade
767:Russian-American Company
722:Dutch West India Company
621:North American fur trade
450:College of New Caledonia
349:was governed first from
341:, was designated as the
166:by the British, and the
151:, Canada. Though not a
1732:North-Western Territory
1373:North-Western Territory
1348:Queen Charlotte Islands
422:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush
367:Oregon boundary dispute
204:Sir Alexander Mackenzie
1705:Rupert's Land Act 1868
742:New Netherland Company
369:. The signing of the
178:in the Fraser Valley.
106:• Disestablished
18:New Caledonia District
2007:British North America
571:BC Geographical Names
441:, and a new capital,
359:Vancouver, Washington
236:British North America
2022:Hudson's Bay Company
1952:NRDC Equity Partners
1747:York Factory Express
1548:Hudson's Bay Company
1472:Population of Canada
1323:Prince Edward Island
820:York Factory Express
793:Hudson's Bay Company
732:Missouri Fur Company
727:Hudson's Bay Company
712:Columbia Fur Company
702:American Fur Company
546:Washington Territory
535:Stickeen Territories
454:Diocese of Caledonia
232:Hudson's Bay Company
186:The explorations of
182:Fur-trading district
145:Hudson's Bay Company
40:Hudson's Bay Company
1623:I. G. Baker Company
1265:Newfoundland (1583)
752:Pacific Fur Company
629:Fur trading regions
347:Columbia Department
339:42nd parallel north
164:Columbia Department
96:• Established
1727:North West Company
1296:Nova Scotia (1710)
1160:Nova Scotia (1621)
962:L'Anse aux Meadows
891:Siberian fur trade
747:North West Company
307:Scottish Highlands
289:, on the shore of
228:North West Company
1979:
1978:
1930:
1929:
1806:Fort Chesterfield
1710:Deed of Surrender
1683:Lord & Taylor
1567:Saks Fifth Avenue
1514:
1513:
1505:Canada portal
1343:Columbia District
1170:Port Royal Colony
1137:Pacific Northwest
947:Named territories
897:
896:
514:Columbia District
398:Strait of Georgia
343:Columbia District
138:
137:
16:(Redirected from
2029:
1971:
1970:
1753:
1555:Current holdings
1541:
1534:
1527:
1518:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1489:
1488:
1441:Sverdrup Islands
1437:
1389:
1353:Vancouver Island
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1210:
1189:
1166:
1156:
1128:
1114:
1104:
1037:
981:
958:
948:
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874:Iron Confederacy
613:
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566:"Fort St. James"
562:
498:
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492:
491:
484:
479:
478:
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420:, prompting the
390:Vancouver Island
192:George Vancouver
149:British Columbia
132:British Columbia
59:
30:
21:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
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1982:
1981:
1980:
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1961:
1957:Rewards program
1942:Company archive
1926:
1912:Mackinaw jacket
1895:
1876:Princess Louise
1751:
1688:
1677:Home Outfitters
1671:Galeria Kaufhof
1592:Former holdings
1587:
1550:
1545:
1515:
1510:
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1476:
1445:
1435:
1422:
1388:Important sites
1387:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1231:
1218:
1208:
1197:
1193:Russian America
1187:
1174:
1164:
1154:
1141:
1126:
1118:Fort San Miguel
1113:Important sites
1112:
1102:
1089:
1045:Annapolis Royal
1036:Important sites
1035:
979:
966:
956:
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933:
928:
898:
893:
883:
845:
824:
797:
776:
757:Revillon Frères
690:
624:
619:History of the
617:
580:
579:
564:
563:
559:
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494:
489:
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443:New Westminster
435:colonial office
410:
323:Rocky Mountains
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2035:
2033:
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2019:
2017:Oregon Country
2014:
2009:
2004:
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1994:
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1935:Related topics
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1605:Designer Depot
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1214:Oregon Country
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1056:Trois-Rivières
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1048:
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1032:
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1022:Pays d'en Haut
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1012:Domaine du roy
1009:
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867:Deerskin trade
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525:Oregon Country
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482:History portal
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375:Treaty of 1818
355:Fort Vancouver
335:Thompson River
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287:Fort St. James
216:David Thompson
183:
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168:Oregon Country
160:Fort St. James
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130:north central
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1917:Point blanket
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1722:New Caledonia
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1700:Rupert's Land
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1401:
1399:
1398:Avalon (1620)
1396:
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1384:
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1364:
1361:
1359:
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1338:New Caledonia
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1333:United Canada
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1329:
1326:
1324:
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1318:New Brunswick
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1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
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1291:Rupert's Land
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1286:New Yorkshire
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1119:
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1111:
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1101:
1100:
1098:
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1086:
1085:
1084:List of forts
1081:
1079:
1078:
1077:List of towns
1074:
1072:
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