567:
776:
Livestock
Society. Tail hair of the ponies is trimmed, and cut into a recognisable pattern to show that the pony's grazing fees have been paid for the year. Each Agister has his own "tail-mark", indicating the area of the Forest where the owner lives. The Agisters keep a constant watch over the condition of the Forest-running stock, and an animal may be "ordered off" the Forest at any time. The rest of the year, the lives of the ponies are relatively unhindered unless they need veterinary attention or additional feeding, when they are usually taken off the Forest.
587:(RBST) conservation charity watch-listed the New Forest pony in its "minority breed" category, given the presence of less than 3,000 breeding females in the forest. Over the course of five years, the number of foals born each year had dropped by two-thirds (from 1,563 to just 423 in 2013) â a change attributed by The New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society to a declining market, and by the New Forest Verderers to steps that had been taken to improve the quality rather than the quantity of foals.
756:
423:
from the breeding section of the New Forest Pony
Breeding & Cattle Society's stud book, and all New Forest stallions licensed in the UK also will be tested, whether or not they descend from Kantje's Ronaldo, to cover the possibility that the mutated gene may have appeared earlier in the pedigree, although it is believed that the mutated gene has now been eradicated from the British breeding stock. All breeding stock imported to the UK also will be tested.
256:
274:(58.25 inches, 148 cm). Although there is no minimum height standard, in practice New Forest ponies are seldom less than 12 hands (48 inches, 122 cm). In shows, they normally are classed in two sections: competition height A, 138 centimetres (54 in) and under; and competition height B, over 138 centimetres (54 in). New Forest ponies should be of riding type, workmanlike, and strong in
438:
629:
40:
704:
743:
A small number (usually fewer than 50) are turned out, generally between May and August. This ensures that foals are born neither too early (before the spring grass is coming through), nor too late (as the colder weather is setting in and the grazing and browsing on the Forest is dying back) in the following year.
780:
or injured in road traffic accidents every year. Human interaction with ponies is also a problem; well meaning but misguided visitors to the forest frequently feed them, which can create dietary problems and sickness (e.g. colic) and cause the ponies to adopt an aggressive attitude in order to obtain human food.
211:" over the Forest lands. An annual marking fee is paid for each animal turned out to graze. The population of ponies on the Forest has fluctuated in response to varying demand for young stock. Numbers fell to fewer than six hundred in 1945, but have since risen steadily, and thousands now run loose in
746:
Colts are assessed as two-year-olds by the New Forest Pony
Breeding and Cattle Society for suitability to be kept as stallions; any animal failing the assessment must be gelded. Once approved, every spring (usually in March), the stallions must pass the Verderers' assessment before they are permitted
742:
Stallions must be registered New
Foresters, and are not allowed to run free all year round on the Forest. They normally are turned out only for a limited period in the spring and summer, when they gather several groups of mares and youngstock into larger herds and defend them against other stallions.
636:
In the past, smaller ponies were used as pit ponies. Today the New Forest pony and related crossbreeds are still the "working pony of choice" for local farmers and commoners, as their sure-footedness, agility, and sound sense will carry them (and their rider) safely across the varied and occasionally
795:(forestry plantations), fenced paddocks, and bogs. Riders with a detailed knowledge of the Forest are thus at an advantage. The location of the meeting place is given to competitors on the previous evening, and the starting point of the race is revealed once riders have arrived at the meeting point.
779:
The open nature of the New Forest means that ponies are able to wander onto roads. The ponies actually have right of way over vehicles and many wear reflective collars in an effort to reduce traffic fatalities, but despite this, many ponies, along with commoners' cattle, pigs, and donkeys are killed
598:
blood had been added to ponies in the New Forest. Over time, however, the better-quality ponies were sold off, leaving the poorer-quality and less hardy animals as the Forest breeding stock. To address this situation, as well as to increase the stock's hardiness and restore native type, in the early
549:
to improve the breed was recommended. The census of stock of 1875 reported just under three thousand ponies grazing the Forest, and by 1884 the number had dropped to 2,250. Profits from the sale of young ponies affected the number of mares that commoners bred in subsequent years. The drop in numbers
579:
book and organise the Breed Show; the two societies merged in 1937 to form the New Forest Pony
Breeding and Cattle Society. Overall numbers of livestock grazing the Forest, including ponies, tended to decline in the early twentieth century; in 1945 there were just 571 ponies depastured. By 1956 the
422:
of the mutated gene, as all the ponies who tested positive for the mutation are direct descendants of this stallion. The probable founder stallion has been identified as Kantje's
Ronaldo; testing is now underway to identify which of his offspring carry the mutated gene. All carriers will be removed
558:
hardiness to thrive on the open Forest over winter. Numbers of ponies on the Forest also declined as a result of demand for more refined-looking ponies for riding and driving work prior to the introduction of motor vehicles. Later, the Second World War drove up the demand for, and thus, the market
775:
with their owner's mark, and many animals are wormed. Many owners choose to remove a number of animals from the Forest for the winter, turning them out again the following spring. Animals surplus to their owner's requirements often are sold at the
Beaulieu Road Pony Sales, run by the New Forest
751:
in the ponies running out on the New Forest, and to counteract this and preserve the hardiness of Forest-run ponies, the
Verderers introduced the Bloodline Diversity Project, which will use hardy Forest-run mares, mostly over eleven years old, bred to stallions that have not been run out on the
619:
were introduced to the Forest. This practice ended in 1930, and since that time, only purebred New Forest stallions may be turned out. The New Forest Pony
Breeding and Cattle Society has been publishing the stud book since 1960. New Forest ponies have been exported to many parts of the world,
574:
Founded in 1891, the
Society for the improvement of New Forest Ponies organised a stallion show and offered financial incentives to encourage owners of good stallions to run them on the Forest. In 1905 the Burley and District NF Pony Breeding and Cattle Society was set up to start the
730:
Ponies living full-time on the New Forest are almost all mares, although there are also a few geldings. For much of the year the ponies live in small groups, usually consisting of an older mare, her daughters, and their foals, all keeping to a discrete area of the Forest
580:
number of ponies of all breeds on the Forest had more than doubled to 1,341. Twenty years later pony numbers were up to 3,589, rising to 4,112 in 1994, before dipping back below four thousand until 2005. As of 2011, there were 4,604 ponies grazing on the New Forest.
486:
more than two thousand horses across the English Channel when he invaded England in 1066. The earliest written record of horses in the New Forest dates back to that time, when rights of common of pasture were granted to the area's inhabitants. A
456:(about 50 miles (80 km) from the heart of the modern New Forest), dated 500,000 BC, demonstrates that early humans were hunting horses in the area at that time, and the remains of a large Ice Age hunting camp have been found close to
476:(about 25 miles (40 km) from the heart of the modern New Forest), indicate that the animals were approximately 12 hands (48 inches, 122 cm) â a height similar to that of some of the smaller New Forest ponies of today.
417:
mode of inheritance, whereby both parents have to contribute the mutated allele for a physically affected foal to be produced with that phenotype. The study suggested that the mutation was of relatively recent origin: the
286:
for small children to ride comfortably, are also capable of carrying adults. Smaller ponies may not be suitable for heavier riders, but they often have more show quality. The New Forest pony has free, even
791:, finishing at a different place each year. The races do not have a fixed course, but instead are run across the open Forest, so competitors choose their own routes around obstructions such as
2418:
664:
The ponies can carry adults and in many cases compete on equal terms with larger equines while doing so. For example, in 2010, the New Forest Pony Enthusiasts Club (NFPEC), a registered
1054:
365:
New Forest ponies have a gentle temperament and a reputation for intelligence, strength, and versatility. On the whole, they are a sturdy and hardy breed. The one known hereditary
1854:
2159:
499:
has, according to the New Forest National Park Authority, "long been accepted as a myth", however, the offspring of Forest mares, probably bred at the Royal Stud in
2411:
2133:
1076:
452:
Ponies have grazed in the area of the New Forest for many thousands of years, predating the last Ice Age. Spear damage on a horse shoulder bone discovered at
69:
Very sturdy with plenty of speed, can be ridden by children or adults, all colours are acceptable except piebald, skewbald, and blue-eyed cream, but most are
2710:
2690:
1262:
735:
a "haunt." Under New Forest regulations, mares and geldings may be of any breed. Although the ponies are predominantly New Foresters, other breeds such as
696:), are called "the architects of the Forest": it is the grazing and browsing of the commoners' animals over a thousand years which created the New Forest
2404:
2427:
1894:
545:
In the 1850s and 1860s, the quality of the ponies was noted to be declining, a result of poor choice of breeding stallions, and the introduction of
2185:
1023:
673:
566:
507:. A genetic study in 1998 suggested that the New Forest pony has ancient shared ancestry with two endangered Spanish Celtic-type pony breeds, the
968:"A missense mutation in the skeletal muscle chloride channel 1 (CLCN1) as candidate causal mutation for congenital myotonia in a New Forest pony"
966:
Wijnberg, I.D.; Owczarek-Lipska, M.; Sacchetto, R.; Mascarello, F.; Pascoli, F.; GrĂŒnberg, W.; van der Kolk, J.H.; DrögemĂŒller, C. (April 2012).
719:
employed by the Verderers of the New Forest. The Verderers are a statutory body with ancient roots, who share management of the forest with the
550:
on the Forest may have been a consequence of introducing Arab blood to the breed in the 1870s, resulting in fewer animals suitable for use as
278:, with a sloping shoulder and powerful hindquarters; the body should be deep, and the legs straight with strong, flat bone, and hard, rounded
2250:
1336:
1245:
2261:
727:. Approximately 80 per cent of the animals depastured on the New Forest are owned by just 10 per cent of the commoning families.
2004:
1951:
1050:
927:
223:
of the New Forest. Each Agister takes responsibility for a different area of the Forest. The ponies are gathered annually in a series of
2288:
715:, but are owned by commoners, who pay an annual fee for each animal turned out. The animals are looked after by their owners and by the
483:
1850:
1387:
1298:
539:
1650:
1151:
554:, or to the increase in the profits from running dairy cattle instead of ponies. The Arab blood may have reduced the ponies' natural
1212:
637:
hazardous terrain of the open Forest, sometimes at great speed, during the autumn drifts. New Forest ponies also are used today for
131:
1824:
1464:
1413:
Checa, M.L; Dunner, S.; Martin, J.P.; Vega, J.L.; Cañon, J. (1998). "A note on the characterization of a small Celtic pony breed".
902:
828:
688:
The ponies grazing the New Forest are considered to be iconic. They, together with the cattle, donkeys, pigs, and sheep owned by
354:. Ponies failing to pass these standards may not be registered in the purebred section of the stud book, but are recorded in the
1181:
358:, known as the X-register. The offspring of these animals may not be registered as purebred New Forest ponies, as the stud book
2293:
680:
Quadrille is a national competition, with only four teams from the whole of Britain selected to compete at the National Final.
432:
2026:
1610:
1520:
771:
are removed, along with any animals considered too "poor" to remain on the Forest over the winter. The remaining fillies are
1679:
859:
231:, and tail-marked; each pony's tail is trimmed to the pattern of the Agister responsible for that pony. Purebred New Forest
2163:
1493:
784:
244:
1560:
620:
including Canada, the U.S., Europe, and Australia, and many countries now have their own breed societies and stud books.
263:
Standards for the breed are stipulated by the New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society. The maximum height allowed is
1737:
1139:
590:
For a variety of reasons, including normal trade in the area and attempts to improve the breed, Arabian, Thoroughbred,
409:
was found in both the foal's parents, its siblings, and two other related animals, none of whom exhibited any clinical
377:. It was identified in the Netherlands in 2009, after a clinically affected foal was presented to the Equine Clinic of
2137:
1117:
1080:
646:
2369:
1748:
1881:
1726:
584:
1273:
402:
149:(48 to 58 inches, 122 to 147 cm); ponies of all heights should be strong, workmanlike, and of a good
1015:
724:
351:
1704:
1770:
1715:
1898:
2705:
2685:
2652:
2189:
677:
665:
638:
535:
479:
460:(on the western border of the modern New Forest). Evidence from the skeletal remains of ponies from the
453:
220:
181:
2324:
1798:
1781:
2663:
2511:
669:
500:
216:
2695:
2359:
934:
720:
457:
414:
342:
on the head and lower legs are allowed, unless they appear behind the head, above the point of the
275:
204:
2377:
1759:
755:
599:
twentieth century animals from other British native mountain and moorland pony breeds such as the
291:, active and straight, but not exaggerated, and is noted for sure-footedness, agility, and speed.
2581:
2267:. Our New Forest: a living register of language and traditions. New Forest Museum. Archived from
1269:
997:
772:
591:
398:
378:
370:
224:
2268:
192:
may be registered as purebred. The New Forest pony can be ridden by children and adults, can be
2339:
2000:
255:
45:
2647:
2473:
2443:
2246:
1947:
1430:
1357:
1332:
1241:
1235:
989:
938:
748:
390:
307:
2302:
362:
and only the offspring of purebred-approved registered ponies may be registered as purebred.
235:
approved by the Breed Society and by the New Forest Verderers run out on the Forest with the
2453:
1422:
979:
366:
359:
169:
1642:
1450:"Domestication of the horse: results based on microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers"
2700:
2642:
2381:
1785:
1774:
1763:
1752:
1741:
1730:
1719:
1708:
1143:
654:
527:
446:
299:
193:
154:
74:
2289:"The Development of the Smallholding and Cottage Stock-keeping Economy of the New Forest"
1204:
1828:
1449:
898:
812:
2556:
2516:
1426:
576:
531:
523:
496:
419:
382:
355:
343:
339:
327:
283:
189:
2679:
2632:
2571:
2551:
2526:
2483:
2468:
2463:
2448:
1173:
736:
612:
608:
595:
546:
492:
374:
150:
142:
2396:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2546:
2531:
2488:
2033:
1827:. The New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society. 18 December 2010. Archived from
1617:
1516:
1001:
764:
642:
519:
504:
437:
410:
303:
184:
of the New Forest pony, but today only ponies whose parents are both registered as
78:
1675:
855:
17:
2637:
2599:
2536:
2478:
2458:
824:
732:
693:
616:
508:
465:
295:
271:
208:
173:
146:
138:
70:
1489:
628:
39:
2591:
2561:
2521:
2493:
1884:(from British Riding Clubs, britishridingclubs.org.uk). Retrieved 9 June 2012.
1875:
1564:
1324:
1263:
Archaeology on the A303 Stonehenge Improvement; Appendix 6 â Animal bones
1079:. New Forest Pony Breeding & Cattle Society. November 2012. Archived from
984:
967:
788:
703:
604:
560:
461:
386:
347:
319:
288:
279:
212:
197:
161:
2364:
1734:
1434:
668:
whose members compete only on purebred registered New Forest ponies, won the
215:
conditions. The welfare of ponies grazing on the Forest is monitored by five
2541:
1391:
1361:
1302:
792:
697:
600:
228:
165:
1113:
993:
1745:
1027:
747:
onto the Forest to breed. The stallion scheme resulted in a reduction of
658:
650:
555:
551:
488:
473:
469:
323:
315:
232:
185:
1723:
2624:
716:
707:
Stallion engaging in courtship behaviour with a mare near Homlsley Camp
689:
442:
331:
311:
2243:
New Forest Drift: A Photographic Portrait of Life in the National Park
172:. DNA studies have shown ancient shared ancestry with the Celtic-type
2576:
1563:. New Forest Pony Association (USA). 15 December 1992. Archived from
512:
406:
177:
2435:
768:
754:
712:
711:
The cattle and ponies living on the New Forest are not completely
702:
627:
565:
518:
The most notable stallion in the early history of the breed was a
436:
394:
254:
113:
1801:. The New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society. Archived from
2503:
2391:
2344:
2001:"Animal welfare organisations praise condition of Forest ponies"
1802:
1778:
1701:
335:
240:
236:
135:
2400:
2386:
2354:
2329:
1767:
1712:
495:
said to have swum ashore from wrecked ships at the time of the
93:
820:
763:
Drifts to gather the animals are carried out in autumn. Most
373:, a muscular condition also found in humans, dogs, cats, and
2032:. Verderers of the New Forest. February 2011. Archived from
739:
and their crossbred descendants may be found in some areas.
2374:
1756:
901:. The New Forest Pony Breeding & Cattle Society. 2011.
542:, and was used to breed with "country mares" in the 1760s.
2334:
2188:. New Forest National Park Authority. 2013. Archived from
2162:. New Forest National Park Authority. 2013. Archived from
2136:. New Forest National Park Authority. 2012. Archived from
1897:. New Forest National Park Authority. 2012. Archived from
1390:. New Forest National Park Authority. 2006. Archived from
1301:. New Forest National Park Authority. 2009. Archived from
2349:
1540:
1538:
1116:. The New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society. 2011.
1049:
Utrecht University Press Communications (27 March 2012).
482:, who claimed the New Forest as a royal hunting ground,
98:
413:. The researchers concluded that the condition has an
1983:
1981:
1918:
1916:
1329:
The Medieval Warhorse: From Byzantium to the Crusades
196:, and competes successfully against larger horses in
881:
879:
877:
247:
pony sales, which are held several times each year.
2623:
2590:
2502:
2434:
1678:. The New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society.
1616:. Verderers of the New Forest. 2007. Archived from
858:. The New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society.
153:type. They are valued for hardiness, strength, and
84:
65:
60:
52:
1354:The Battle of Hastings: Sources and Interpretation
203:All ponies grazing on the New Forest are owned by
2209:
2207:
1799:"The New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society"
326:and very light chestnut are only accepted by the
2360:New Forest Pony Owners and Breeders of Australia
2003:. Verderers of the New Forest. 2004. p. 2.
922:
920:
850:
848:
846:
2325:The New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society
752:Forest, or closely related to those that have.
676:at Olympia. This was a significant win, as the
491:linking the ancestry of the New Forest pony to
282:. Larger ponies, although narrow enough in the
1647:BBC News online, Hampshire & Isle of Wight
534:. Marske was sold to a Ringwood farmer for 20
2412:
1851:"Dressage to Music and Quadrille information"
811:Winter, Dylan (presenter) (20 January 2006).
8:
1950:. New Forest National Park Authority. 2012.
180:ponies. Many breeds have contributed to the
145:. Height varies from around 12 to 14.2
32:
94:New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society
2419:
2405:
2397:
2128:
2126:
1702:New Forest Pony Association & Registry
1555:
1553:
1448:Aberle, Kerstin S.; Distl, Ottmar (2004).
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1051:"Myotonia discovered in New Forest ponies"
961:
959:
239:for a short period each year. Many of the
38:
31:
1788:(in Finnish). All retrieved 15 June 2012.
1735:Norsk Ponniavlsforening â New Forest
1174:"Ice Age hunting camp found in Hampshire"
983:
928:"History and heritage: New Forest ponies"
856:"Breed Standards for The New Forest Pony"
783:New Forest ponies are raced in an annual
27:Breed of pony native to the British Isles
2355:New Forest Pony Association of Australia
2350:New Forest Pony Society of North America
1713:New Forest Pony Association of Australia
1670:
1668:
464:suggests that they resembled the modern
243:bred on the Forest are sold through the
99:New Forest Pony Society of North America
1415:Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics
899:"Registration and Passport Information"
803:
503:, were exported in 1507 for use in the
1643:"New Forest pony listed as rare breed"
1205:"Britain in the age of warrior heroes"
1114:"History of The New Forest Pony Breed"
2007:from the original on 15 February 2013
1682:from the original on 17 February 2012
1597:
1544:
1120:from the original on 13 February 2012
1057:from the original on 26 December 2013
905:from the original on 10 February 2012
831:from the original on 13 November 2012
759:Ponies gathered in a pound at a drift
7:
2387:Netherlands New Forest Pony Studbook
2340:New Forest National Park Information
2225:
2160:"Animal accidents: How you can help"
2105:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2057:
1987:
1972:
1934:
1922:
1374:
1144:"Man the Hunter returns at Boxgrove"
885:
862:from the original on 1 November 2015
385:revealed that the affected foal was
2711:Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist
2691:Horse breeds originating in England
2370:The Swedish New Forest Pony Society
1768:Nederlands New Forest Pony Stamboek
1746:The Swedish New Forest Pony Society
2392:New Forest Pony Society of Finland
2375:The Danish New Forest Pony Society
1611:"Stock turned out onto the Forest"
1427:10.1111/j.1439-0388.1998.tb00339.x
787:meeting in the Forest, usually on
540:Prince William, Duke of Cumberland
25:
2428:Horse breeds of the British Isles
2345:New Forest Pony Association (USA)
2262:"Report on New Forest traditions"
1653:from the original on 4 March 2014
1523:from the original on 14 July 2016
1154:from the original on 17 July 2012
2213:
2117:
1954:from the original on 14 May 2018
1857:from the original on 31 May 2012
1585:
1496:from the original on 28 May 2022
1470:from the original on 21 May 2014
1215:from the original on 23 May 2012
1184:from the original on 15 May 2012
397:, a protein which regulates the
338:. Blue eyes are never accepted.
2330:The Verderers of the New Forest
2294:The Agricultural History Review
1240:. Routledge. pp. 115â116.
1237:Animals in Celtic Life and Myth
674:London International Horse Show
433:History of the horse in Britain
350:at the bend in the knee in the
188:in the approved section of the
160:The breed is indigenous to the
1779:Suomen New Forest Poniyhdistys
1016:"Myotonia. Phenotype in horse
530:, and a great-grandson of the
346:in the hind leg, or above the
1:
1948:"Who runs the National Park?"
1853:. The British Horse Society.
1203:Osgood, Richard (July 1999).
468:. Horse bones excavated from
294:The ponies are most commonly
207:â people who have "rights of
2335:New Forest Livestock Society
2186:"Feeding and petting ponies"
1877:2010 Quadrille Final Olympia
1331:. Grange Books. p. 99.
559:value of, young animals for
445:shipping horses to England:
227:, to be checked for health,
2245:. Perspective Photo Press.
1825:"Winning Olympia Quadrille"
1492:. Thoroughbred Bloodlines.
1299:"History of the New Forest"
2727:
2301:(1): 23â39. Archived from
1766:(in Danish); Netherlands,
1261:Grimm, Jessica M. (2008).
585:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
430:
2661:
1519:. Thoroughbred Heritage.
1352:Morillo, Stephen (1996).
985:10.1016/j.nmd.2011.10.001
130:is one of the recognised
107:
89:
37:
1744:(in Norwegian); Sweden,
1740:15 February 2013 at the
1718:15 February 2013 at the
1707:26 November 2012 at the
1356:. Boydell. p. 222.
684:Ponies on the New Forest
570:In their natural habitat
2365:New Forest Pony, Norway
1234:Green, Miranda (1998).
972:Neuromuscular Disorders
725:National park authority
472:ritual burial sites at
66:Distinguishing features
1700:See for example: USA,
1053:. Utrecht University.
937:. 2004. Archived from
760:
708:
633:
571:
449:
369:found in the breed is
260:
2653:Yorkshire Coach Horse
1895:"The New Forest Pony"
1777:(in Dutch); Finland,
1724:Newforestpony Belgium
1388:"New Forest wildlife"
758:
706:
694:common grazing rights
631:
569:
480:William the Conqueror
454:Eartham Pit, Boxgrove
440:
393:in the gene encoding
258:
182:foundation bloodstock
132:mountain and moorland
2664:List of horse breeds
2512:British Spotted Pony
2380:22 June 2013 at the
2287:Tubbs, C.R. (1965).
2241:Fear, Sally (2006).
1784:16 June 2020 at the
1773:5 March 2013 at the
1762:22 June 2013 at the
1649:. 20 February 2014.
1457:Archiv fĂŒr Tierzucht
1180:(61). October 2001.
813:"Fit for the future"
678:British Riding Clubs
205:New Forest commoners
114:Equus ferus caballus
1729:31 May 2013 at the
1209:British Archaeology
1178:British Archaeology
1148:British Archaeology
1030:on 13 December 2012
935:Forestry Commission
721:Forestry Commission
692:(local people with
672:competition at the
415:autosomal recessive
371:congenital myotonia
219:, employees of the
44:New Forest pony at
34:
2305:on 13 October 2012
2192:on 10 October 2011
2166:on 10 October 2011
2134:"Animal accidents"
1901:on 6 December 2011
1805:on 29 January 2009
1751:2010-08-11 at the
1567:on 16 January 2012
1394:on 13 October 2009
1305:on 13 October 2009
1270:Wessex Archaeology
761:
709:
634:
572:
450:
379:Utrecht University
261:
2670:
2669:
2648:Old English Black
2474:Irish Sport Horse
2444:British Warmblood
2252:978-0-9553253-0-4
2060:, pp. 49â54.
1755: ; Denmark,
1676:"About the Breed"
1600:, pp. 38â39.
1547:, pp. 37â38.
1338:978-1-85627-990-1
1247:978-0-415-18588-2
749:genetic diversity
489:popular tradition
391:missense mutation
322:are not allowed;
209:common of pasture
194:driven in harness
124:
123:
53:Country of origin
18:New Forest ponies
16:(Redirected from
2718:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2256:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1831:on 15 April 2012
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1623:on 11 March 2012
1622:
1615:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1454:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1421:(1â6): 157â163.
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1272:. Archived from
1267:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1142:(October 1996).
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1110:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1026:. Archived from
1018:(Equus caballus)
1012:
1006:
1005:
987:
963:
954:
953:
951:
949:
943:
932:
924:
915:
914:
912:
910:
895:
889:
883:
872:
871:
869:
867:
852:
841:
840:
838:
836:
808:
700:as it is today.
538:on the death of
505:Renaissance wars
367:genetic disorder
269:
259:At an exhibition
170:southern England
116:
42:
35:
21:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2666:
2657:
2643:Norfolk Trotter
2619:
2586:
2498:
2430:
2425:
2382:Wayback Machine
2321:
2308:
2306:
2286:
2277:
2275:
2274:on 9 March 2013
2271:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1786:Wayback Machine
1775:Wayback Machine
1764:Wayback Machine
1753:Wayback Machine
1742:Wayback Machine
1731:Wayback Machine
1720:Wayback Machine
1709:Wayback Machine
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1268:(from report).
1265:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1083:on 8 March 2013
1075:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1014:
1013:
1009:
965:
964:
957:
947:
945:
941:
930:
926:
925:
918:
908:
906:
897:
896:
892:
884:
875:
865:
863:
854:
853:
844:
834:
832:
810:
809:
805:
801:
686:
626:
447:Bayeux Tapestry
435:
429:
403:skeletal muscle
348:metacarpal bone
320:blue-eyed cream
268:
264:
253:
251:Characteristics
155:sure-footedness
128:New Forest pony
120:
112:
103:
85:Breed standards
48:
33:New Forest pony
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2724:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2319:External links
2317:
2316:
2315:
2284:
2257:
2251:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2203:
2177:
2151:
2140:on 14 May 2018
2122:
2110:
2108:, p. 116.
2098:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2039:on 2 July 2013
2018:
1992:
1977:
1965:
1939:
1927:
1912:
1886:
1868:
1842:
1816:
1790:
1693:
1664:
1634:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1549:
1534:
1515:Peters, Anne.
1507:
1481:
1463:(6): 517â535.
1440:
1405:
1379:
1367:
1344:
1337:
1316:
1290:
1279:on 2 July 2013
1253:
1246:
1226:
1195:
1165:
1131:
1094:
1068:
1041:
1007:
955:
944:on 2 June 2012
916:
890:
873:
842:
802:
800:
797:
785:point to point
685:
682:
625:
622:
532:Darley Arabian
526:, the sire of
497:Spanish Armada
493:Spanish horses
428:
425:
405:. The mutated
383:DNA sequencing
340:White markings
310:are excluded:
266:
252:
249:
122:
121:
119:
118:
108:
105:
104:
102:
101:
96:
90:
87:
86:
82:
81:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2723:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2674:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Galloway pony
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Suffolk Punch
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Irish Draught
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:Cleveland Bay
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2228:, p. 70.
2227:
2222:
2219:
2216:, p. 32.
2215:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2096:, p. 59.
2095:
2090:
2087:
2084:, p. 24.
2083:
2078:
2075:
2072:, p. 79.
2071:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1990:, p. 96.
1989:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1975:, p. 22.
1974:
1969:
1966:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1937:, p. 72.
1936:
1931:
1928:
1925:, p. 75.
1924:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1711:; Australia,
1710:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1588:, p. 11.
1587:
1582:
1579:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1377:, p. 91.
1376:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1230:
1227:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:Roberts, Mark
1135:
1132:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1011:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
981:
977:
973:
969:
962:
960:
956:
940:
936:
929:
923:
921:
917:
904:
900:
894:
891:
888:, p. 29.
887:
882:
880:
878:
874:
861:
857:
851:
849:
847:
843:
830:
826:
822:
819:. Episode 5.
818:
814:
807:
804:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
781:
777:
774:
770:
766:
757:
753:
750:
744:
740:
738:
734:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
705:
701:
699:
695:
691:
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:cross-country
644:
640:
630:
623:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
593:
588:
586:
583:In 2014, the
581:
578:
568:
564:
562:
557:
553:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
448:
444:
441:11th-century
439:
434:
426:
424:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
285:
281:
277:
273:
257:
250:
248:
246:
245:Beaulieu Road
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
200:competition.
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
143:British Isles
140:
137:
133:
129:
117:
115:
110:
109:
106:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
88:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2706:Feral horses
2686:Horse breeds
2672:
2615:Windsor Grey
2566:
2489:Thoroughbred
2307:. Retrieved
2303:the original
2298:
2292:
2276:. Retrieved
2269:the original
2242:
2235:Bibliography
2221:
2194:. Retrieved
2190:the original
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2164:the original
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2138:the original
2120:, p. 9.
2113:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2034:the original
2027:"Newsletter"
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
1995:
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1942:
1930:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:the original
1889:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:the original
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1803:the original
1793:
1757:Newforest.dk
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1655:. Retrieved
1646:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1618:the original
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1525:. Retrieved
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1460:
1456:
1443:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:the original
1382:
1370:
1353:
1347:
1328:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1274:the original
1256:
1236:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1208:
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1177:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1147:
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1085:. Retrieved
1081:the original
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:the original
1017:
1010:
978:(4): 361â7.
975:
971:
946:. Retrieved
939:the original
907:. Retrieved
893:
864:. Retrieved
833:. Retrieved
816:
806:
782:
778:
762:
745:
741:
729:
710:
687:
663:
643:show jumping
635:
589:
582:
573:
544:
520:Thoroughbred
517:
478:
451:
399:excitability
364:
308:coat colours
293:
276:conformation
262:
202:
159:
127:
125:
111:
29:
2638:Irish Hobby
1809:29 December
1722:; Belgium,
1657:20 February
1325:Hyland, Ann
817:Rare steeds
666:riding club
466:Exmoor pony
2696:New Forest
2680:Categories
2567:New Forest
2454:Clydesdale
2260:Ivey, Jo.
2196:13 January
2170:13 January
1733:; Norway,
1598:Tubbs 1965
1545:Tubbs 1965
1077:"Myotonia"
799:References
793:inclosures
789:Boxing Day
690:commoners'
592:Welsh pony
561:horse meat
552:pit ponies
462:Bronze Age
431:See also:
387:homozygous
213:semi-feral
198:horse show
162:New Forest
134:or native
2557:Kerry Bog
2517:Connemara
2494:Welsh Cob
2459:Gypsy Cob
2226:Fear 2006
2106:Fear 2006
2094:Fear 2006
2082:Fear 2006
2070:Fear 2006
2058:Fear 2006
1988:Fear 2006
1973:Fear 2006
1935:Fear 2006
1923:Fear 2006
1561:"History"
1517:"Eclipse"
1435:0931-2668
1375:Fear 2006
1087:3 January
886:Fear 2006
767:and some
737:Shetlands
698:ecosystem
670:Quadrille
639:gymkhanas
501:Lyndhurst
360:is closed
328:stud book
233:stallions
221:Verderers
190:stud book
166:Hampshire
46:Spy Holms
2572:Shetland
2552:Highland
2527:Dartmoor
2378:Archived
2309:19 April
2005:Archived
1952:Archived
1861:21 April
1855:Archived
1835:19 April
1782:Archived
1771:Archived
1760:Archived
1749:Archived
1738:Archived
1727:Archived
1716:Archived
1705:Archived
1686:19 April
1680:Archived
1651:Archived
1627:19 April
1571:19 April
1527:19 April
1521:Archived
1500:19 April
1494:Archived
1490:"Marske"
1474:19 April
1465:Archived
1362:60237653
1327:(1994).
1213:Archived
1182:Archived
1152:Archived
1124:18 April
1118:Archived
1055:Archived
994:22197188
948:20 April
903:Archived
866:18 April
860:Archived
829:Archived
717:Agisters
659:eventing
651:dressage
613:Dartmoor
609:Highland
556:landrace
509:AsturcĂłn
474:Danebury
470:Iron Age
458:Ringwood
356:appendix
332:geldings
324:palomino
316:skewbald
300:chestnut
217:Agisters
186:purebred
174:AsturcĂłn
75:chestnut
2625:Extinct
2547:Hackney
2532:Eriskay
2464:Hackney
1882:YouTube
1061:13 June
1034:15 June
1002:8292200
825:Radio 4
773:branded
769:fillies
655:driving
632:Jumping
596:Hackney
536:guineas
528:Eclipse
484:shipped
443:Normans
427:History
420:founder
401:of the
352:foreleg
312:piebald
141:of the
56:England
2701:Ponies
2610:Hunter
2577:Welara
2537:Exmoor
2504:Ponies
2436:Horses
2278:9 June
2249:
2144:13 May
2043:7 June
1958:13 May
1905:7 June
1433:
1398:26 May
1360:
1335:
1309:26 May
1283:9 June
1244:
1219:9 June
1211:(46).
1188:9 June
1158:9 June
1150:(18).
1000:
992:
909:10 May
835:9 June
733:called
657:, and
617:Exmoor
615:, and
594:, and
524:Marske
522:named
513:Pottok
407:allele
389:for a
318:, and
306:. Few
284:barrel
280:hooves
270:
229:wormed
225:drifts
178:Pottok
151:riding
139:breeds
61:Traits
2592:Types
2582:Welsh
2562:Lundy
2522:Dales
2479:Shire
2272:(PDF)
2265:(PDF)
2037:(PDF)
2030:(PDF)
2011:7 May
1621:(PDF)
1614:(PDF)
1468:(PDF)
1453:(PDF)
1277:(PDF)
1266:(PDF)
998:S2CID
942:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
765:colts
713:feral
605:Dales
411:signs
395:CLCN1
375:goats
336:mares
302:, or
289:gaits
272:hands
265:14.2â
241:foals
237:mares
147:hands
77:, or
2605:Hack
2542:Fell
2311:2012
2280:2012
2247:ISBN
2214:Ivey
2198:2013
2172:2013
2146:2018
2118:Ivey
2045:2012
2013:2012
1960:2018
1907:2012
1863:2012
1837:2012
1811:2011
1688:2012
1659:2014
1629:2012
1586:Ivey
1573:2012
1529:2012
1502:2012
1476:2012
1431:ISSN
1400:2012
1358:OCLC
1333:ISBN
1311:2012
1285:2012
1242:ISBN
1221:2012
1190:2012
1160:2012
1126:2012
1089:2013
1063:2012
1036:2012
1024:OMIA
990:PMID
950:2012
911:2012
868:2012
837:2012
723:and
624:Uses
601:Fell
577:stud
547:Arab
511:and
344:hock
334:and
304:grey
176:and
136:pony
126:The
79:grey
2600:Cob
1880:on
1423:doi
1419:115
980:doi
821:BBC
330:as
296:bay
168:in
164:in
71:bay
2682::
2299:13
2297:.
2291:.
2206:^
2125:^
1980:^
1915:^
1667:^
1645:.
1552:^
1537:^
1461:47
1459:.
1455:.
1429:.
1417:.
1207:.
1176:.
1146:.
1097:^
1022:.
996:.
988:.
976:22
974:.
970:.
958:^
933:.
919:^
876:^
845:^
827:.
823:.
815:.
661:.
653:,
649:,
645:,
641:,
611:,
607:,
603:,
563:.
515:.
381:.
314:,
298:,
157:.
73:,
2420:e
2413:t
2406:v
2313:.
2282:.
2255:.
2200:.
2174:.
2148:.
2047:.
2015:.
1962:.
1909:.
1865:.
1839:.
1813:.
1690:.
1661:.
1631:.
1575:.
1531:.
1504:.
1478:.
1437:.
1425::
1402:.
1364:.
1341:.
1313:.
1287:.
1250:.
1223:.
1192:.
1162:.
1128:.
1091:.
1065:.
1038:.
1020:"
1004:.
982::
952:.
913:.
870:.
839:.
267:4
20:)
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