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New Jersey in the 20th century

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811:. A long investigation ensued as detectives attempted to round up the kidnapper of the baby. The police proceeded to seal off many roads in order to prevent the kidnapper's escape, and interrogated the members of the Lindbergh household. The stress of being under police questioning led to the suicide of Violet Sharpe. Dr. John F. Condon became a negotiator between the kidnapper "John" and the Lindbergh family. The kidnapper demanded a ransom of $ 50,000, which was paid but turned out to be a hoax. Two other hoaxes were perpetrated by two other people who were not involved in the kidnapping, desperate to get their hands on ransom money. Both were charged after their declarations proved false. The baby was later found dead. 893:. While approaching a mooring mast in Lakehurst, the zeppelin suddenly caught fire, and within 34 seconds the entire hydrogen-filled zeppelin was engulfed in flames; 36 people died in the disaster, most of them leaping from the burning ship. Contrary to popular belief, the Hindenburg had flown an entire year of successful voyages before it caught on fire. Questions and controversy surround the accident to this day: theories for the sudden burst of flames include sabotage against the German 1060: 1122: 145: 871: 33: 1117:
and several other projects. However, suburbs continued to grow. Revolts occurred, often due to frustration about the poor urban conditions. As urban decay started a gap between the wealthier suburbs and poorer cities, state income taxes were implemented to stop the gap. Around the 1970s, urbanization
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monsters that destroyed massive stretches of lands in New Jersey as well as massacring many people. Although it was announced in advance and at conclusion as a radio play, the broadcast resulted in widespread panic into New Jersey and the surrounding areas. Many people had believed the bulletin to be
1197:. The cause was the feeling that African Americans were being disenfranchised. 26 people died in the Newark riots, and nearly 1,600 were arrested. The riots are often cited as a major factor in the decline of Newark and its neighboring communities, as many residents fled to the 576:. Around 1919, after the end of World War I, these companies and plants slowed and ceased production of war materials. (The Gillespie plant was destroyed by explosions on October 4, 1918.) In addition, New Jersey became a leading chemical producer worldwide after discovering 567:
In addition to camps for training soldiers, factories were needed desperately to produce ammunition to help the war effort. Four companies that produced ammunition were created during the World War I period: Atlantic Loading Co., Bethlehem Loading Company,
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to making weapon parts. Several camps and the forts were opened for soldiers during the war. The roles of these sites were generally to provide a location for soldiers to stock up on supplies, receive medical treatment, or become discharged. Several
1145:. In the Paterson riot, twenty stores and other buildings were damaged, and eight people were injured. In the Elizabeth riot, six people were injured and seventeen stores were damaged. In the aftermath of these riots, 135 people were arrested. 981:
Millville Airport opened on August 2, 1941. It was called "America's First Defense Airport" because it was opened as a gunnery training area for fighter pilots. Over 1,500 pilots were trained for advanced aircraft fighting at this airport.
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sites, bases for interceptor aircraft, anti-aircraft gun batteries, surface-to-air missile sites, and command and control facilities were constructed to defend against an attack by long range, nuclear-armed aircraft of the
966:. Buildings were painted such that they had a camouflage effect. Camp Kilmer helped to serve troops by offering medical care and providing them with supplies. Camp Kilmer became inactive in 1949 but was reactivated for the 1132:
During the 1960s, many African Americans felt disenfranchised. This feeling was exacerbated by police forces, which often sided against African Americans. This tension led to race riots, the first of which occurred in
452:. Standard Oil had controlled nearly 90% of refined oil flows into the United States, having a near complete monopoly upon it. Standard Oil Company was split into 34 smaller companies as a result of the dissolution. 564:, was also constructed to help in the war effort starting in June 1917. It was used as a training and staging ground throughout the war. After the end of the war, it was converted into a demobilization center. 468:
from 1910 to 1970. African Americans migrated north for the growing numbers of industrial jobs and to get the right to vote, a better education for their children, and improved living conditions. They fled
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Like much of the rest of the United States, New Jersey entered a prosperous state through the 1920s. Through this period, New Jersey's population and employment rate increased greatly. Though
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became easily affordable and common. Roads were paved and improved greatly. As a result, many people who had never been farther than their hometown now could travel around the state. The
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disputed this claim and retains jurisdiction of a small portion of the island. The dispute has little practical effect since the federal government administers the island through the
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was criticized for allowing fictitious bulletins to gain attention of listeners. Welles and the other broadcasters were not punished by law, but were held under a brief informal "
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on August 2, 1964, causing heavy damage to the Jersey City area. 71 stores were damaged and 46 people were injured. From August 11 to August 13, 1964, similar riots occurred in
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was opened again for the training of soldiers for the war effort. Nearly 500,000 soldiers enlisted for the war, leading many women to take jobs in their husbands’ absences.
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took advantage of Japanese labor to increase productivity when the government allowed small groups of people from the internment camps to work there. At the end of
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In the early 1950s, the cities of New Jersey began experiencing urban decay. Governments attempted to intervene with the urban decay, focusing on the office
718:, part of the Second New Deal by FDR, many new jobs were provided in order to support the poor and unemployed. These projects included the expansion of 1299: 1071: 465: 937: 780: 818:
was a lieutenant who tracked the ransom money. He had agents travel to banks to capture the kidnapper while passing the ransom bills. Meanwhile,
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made it a prominent part of both of the World Wars. Despite rising in the Roaring Twenties, New Jersey's economy slowed with the start of the
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ships were sunken off of the coast of New Jersey. Other factors contributing to the U.S. Entry into the war include German sabotage of both
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secrets. Many chemical companies in New Jersey were able to exploit their advantage to become some of the largest chemical producers.
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Because of its strategic location on the East Coast, New Jersey played an important role in the United States' Cold War defense. 14
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was ratified, reorganizing the state government. Governors were allowed to serve four years instead of three, and a bicameral
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in Monmouth County was opened for naval production, which provided ships with a safe port to take on ammunition. A German
779:, fell on a farm in the neighborhood of Grover’s Mill, New Jersey, twenty-two miles from Trenton." It went on to describe 771: 715: 998: 863: 1013:, the government closed down the internment camps, but many people from the camps continued to work at Seabrook Farms. 1225:
anti-aircraft missile batteries in two groups were constructed in New Jersey to protect the metropolitan areas around
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of New Jersey was a large integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing organization, founded by
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production decreased after the end of World War I, production lines still remained in relatively high production.
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New Jersey Tricentennial Flag, designed in 1964 to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the establishment of the
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following the riots. Race related violence would continue to plague the state with smaller riots occurring in
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also grew common during the Great Depression; in 1937 a group of gravediggers from New Jersey went on strike.
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systems. However, the meeting helped improve the strained relationships between the Soviet Union and the US.
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The Hindenburg was not the first flaming shipwreck to encounter New Jersey during the 1930s, though. The
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New Jersey's African American population grew rapidly in the early 20th century during the phases of the
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may have been based upon this kidnapping, with events paralleling many of the Lindbergh kidnapping.
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radio broadcast from New Jersey. Listeners were told that a "huge, flaming object, believed to be a
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Also in the summer of 1967, urban residents, primarily African Americans, rioted for 5 days in
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ordered the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, viewing it as violating the
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However, federal experts and detectives slowly managed to locate and capture the kidnapper.
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New Jersey shipyards were responsible for the construction of many naval ships, including
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Donald E. Bender (1999). Nike Missile Sites in New Jersey. Retrieved December 17, 2005.
1032:. The new State Constitution also returned the right of suffrage to females and blacks. 643:, was completed in 1927 providing a means of easy transportation between New Jersey and 556:
in order to be shipped off to Europe. Camp Merritt was decommissioned in November 1919.
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real, and that New Jersey truthfully was being torn up by giant and immensely powerful
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Historical Census Browser, 1910, 1930 and 1960 censuses. Accessed 28 December 2007
1259: 1222: 1010: 933: 796:" for a short period of time while being bombarded by questions by news reporters. 793: 766: 652: 640: 620: 232: 870: 1174:. No specific agreements were reached, especially in the area of restrictions on 552:. It was from there that many soldiers headed for war in Europe were deployed to 955: 743: 671: 549: 501: 240: 32: 1047:
and sentenced to death for the murder of an elderly white shopkeeper based on
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factories were also built to supply war material. Factories such as the
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housing people of Japanese, German, and Italian descent was located in
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Like all the rest of the United States, New Jersey was hit hard by the
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1960 - 514,875 total colored, 8.5 percent of population of 6.1 million
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1910 - 89,760 total colored, 3.5 percent of population of 2.5 million
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in what was known as the "Trial of the Century", and was convicted.
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New Jersey was also the first state in the United States to ratify
239:. In the 1960s, several race riots occurred following the start of 1234: 1120: 1058: 894: 869: 831: 648: 587: 488:
1930 - 208,829 total colored, 5 percent of population of 4 million
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Saloon that was written down by a gas attendant. He was tried in
990:. Gunners in the fort prevented German submarines from entering 970:. It again became inactive in 1955, but was reactivated for the 1495: 706:. By 1933, one-tenth of the population were dependent upon the 789: 616: 26: 830:; the bill had the license plate number of Hauptmann's blue 1110:
obsolete. In 1985 the port was the busiest in the world.
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became extremely popular through this period of time. The
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underwent many changes. New Jersey's position along the
1043:. Six African American defendants were convicted by an 1371:"Day of Explosions and Fire Finishes Shell Plant Ruin" 952:(U-869) was sunk off the coast of New Jersey in 1945. 680:
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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Transportation became much easier through the 1920s.
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New Jersey was a site of shipbuilding throughout the
826:. Finally, a ransom note was located and traced to 57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1098:. The newly opened port quickly made the docks of 857:, was passed making kidnapping a federal law. The 674:, which restricted the purchasing and selling of 1579:(February 4, 2004), retrieved December 25, 2005. 1443:World War II Time Line: New Jersey and the World 1350:"Great Munition Plant Blown Up; 100 May Be Dead" 908:and beached herself near Asbury Park in 1934. 849:. As a result of the Lindbergh kidnapping the 1327:by Kevin Wright, retrieved December 19, 2005. 198: 8: 1300:"Geostat Center: Historical Census Browser" 1262:came under the jurisdiction of New Jersey. 1086:. This was the first port in the world to 799:During the Great Depression, 20-month-old 250: 205: 191: 130: 1158:from June 23 to June 25, 1967, president 1072:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 938:Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company 897:, static buildup, and flammable fabric. 841:Bruno Hauptmann was electrocuted in the 663:(1937) were completed, making access to 1591:http://alpha.fdu.edu/~bender/NYmsg.html 1291: 1125:Lyndon Johnson meets Alexei Kosygin in 1024:was created, consisting of a 40-member 133: 548:Camp Merritt was activated for use in 270: 1076:Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal 7: 55:adding citations to reliable sources 1189:. These two riots are known as the 1016:In 1947 the current version of the 651:were required to travel across the 18:New Jersey in the Twentieth Century 1555:(2004), retrieved January 9, 2006. 1252:Supreme Court of the United States 807:, was abducted from his home near 260: 25: 1467:New York Shipbuilding Corporation 942:New York Shipbuilding Corporation 878:just moments after catching fire. 1529:"New Jersey: Tricentennial flag" 600:border in the newly constructed 143: 66:"New Jersey in the 20th century" 31: 1527:Jan Mertens (13 October 2008). 1415:, Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000. 801:Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr. 574:T. A. Gillespie Loading Company 42:needs additional citations for 1618:New Jersey in the 19th century 1517:, retrieved December 26, 2005. 1452:, retrieved December 17, 2005. 1394:. Chicago: Heinemann Library. 1339:, retrieved December 19, 2005. 1: 1018:New Jersey State Constitution 746:secured the construction the 716:Works Progress Administration 694:reopened almost immediately. 1567:, retrieved January 9, 2006. 1185:and the neighboring city of 864:Murder on the Orient Express 231:. It also became a site for 1577:Biography of Lyndon Johnson 1150:Glassboro Summit Conference 1003:Gloucester City, New Jersey 946:Naval Weapons Station Earle 944:in Camden During the war, 446:United States Supreme Court 1654: 1638:20th century in New Jersey 1553:Overview of Paterson Riots 1147: 1118:started increasing again. 1007:Seabrook Farms, New Jersey 633:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 570:DuPont Engineering Company 1090:due to the innovation of 972:1956 Hungarian Revolution 824:McCormick, South Carolina 411: 396: 381: 366: 351: 336: 321: 306: 291: 276: 269: 264: 259: 256: 1162:met with Soviet premier 1094:and the founding of the 984:Fort Hancock, New Jersey 958:was a staging area near 803:, son of famous aviator 769:' produced his infamous 657:George Washington Bridge 625:Benjamin Franklin Bridge 221:in the twentieth century 1633:Centuries in New Jersey 1565:The Crisis- an Overview 1496:Millville Army Airfield 1172:Glassboro State College 988:Sandy Hook (New Jersey) 843:New Jersey State Prison 627:was completed, linking 592:People standing on the 1390:Stewart, Mark (2004). 1280:Mercer Pottery Company 1256:New Jersey v. New York 1176:anti-ballistic missile 1129: 1074:planned and built the 1067: 1065:Province of New Jersey 912:1940s and World War II 879: 851:Federal Kidnapping Act 836:Flemington, New Jersey 684:Twenty-first Amendment 605: 520:converted from making 466:Second Great Migration 1613:History of New Jersey 1268:National Park Service 1254:ruled in the case of 1195:1967 Plainfield riots 1168:Glassboro, New Jersey 1154:In the middle of the 1124: 1062: 904:caught fire during a 891:Lakehurst, New Jersey 873: 772:The War of the Worlds 708:Franklin D. Roosevelt 591: 450:Sherman Antitrust Act 252:Historical population 235:batteries during the 1096:Sea-Land Corporation 853:, also known as the 809:Hopewell, New Jersey 477:laws, and a fear of 430:Standard Oil Company 181:Twenty-first century 51:improve this article 1392:New Jersey: History 1041:Trenton, New Jersey 986:was also opened in 882:In 1937 the German 847:Trenton, New Jersey 539:Kingsland Explosion 456:The Great Migration 442:John D. Rockefeller 438:William Rockefeller 253: 160:American Revolution 1596:1999-10-08 at the 1533:Flags of the World 1513:2005-12-21 at the 1448:2006-07-16 at the 1433:Gerdes pp. 230–240 1424:Gerdes pp. 210–218 1411:Gerdes, Louise I. 1380:. October 6, 1918. 1378:The New York Times 1359:. October 5, 1918. 1357:The New York Times 1130: 1070:In the 1950s, the 1068: 880: 686:in December 1933. 629:Camden, New Jersey 606: 562:Pemberton Township 251: 167:Nineteenth century 1486:Stewart pp. 30–37 1191:1967 Newark riots 1078:in the cities of 1039:went to trial in 1028:and an 80-member 922:aircraft carriers 805:Charles Lindbergh 756:Roosevelt Stadium 426: 425: 215: 214: 174:Twentieth century 127: 126: 119: 101: 16:(Redirected from 1645: 1600: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1524: 1518: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1474: 1459: 1453: 1440: 1434: 1431: 1425: 1422: 1416: 1409: 1403: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1375: 1367: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1311: 1302:. Archived from 1296: 1240:Soviet Air Force 1037:Trenton Six Case 964:port of New York 781:extraterrestrial 704:Great Depression 698:Great Depression 655:. Later on, the 584:Roaring Twenties 471:disfranchisement 272: 267: 262: 254: 229:Great Depression 207: 200: 193: 147: 146: 131: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 100: 59: 35: 27: 21: 1653: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1623: 1622: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1598:Wayback Machine 1589: 1587: 1583: 1575: 1571: 1563: 1559: 1551: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1515:Wayback Machine 1508:Seabrook Museum 1506: 1502: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1472: 1470: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1450:Wayback Machine 1441: 1437: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1410: 1406: 1389: 1385: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1364: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1331: 1323: 1319: 1309: 1307: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1276: 1248: 1219: 1152: 1104:Lower Manhattan 1057: 1055:1950s and 1960s 1005:. In addition, 999:internment camp 992:New York Harbor 914: 902:SS Morro Castle 859:Agatha Christie 828:Bruno Hauptmann 742:political boss 732:Rutgers Stadium 700: 678:. However, the 659:(1931) and the 586: 541:in what is now 522:sewing machines 498: 462:Great Migration 458: 444:. In 1911, the 434:Henry H. Rogers 265: 249: 211: 153:Colonial period 144: 136: 123: 112: 106: 103: 60: 58: 48: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1651: 1649: 1641: 1640: 1635: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1581: 1569: 1557: 1545: 1519: 1500: 1488: 1479: 1454: 1435: 1426: 1417: 1404: 1383: 1362: 1341: 1329: 1317: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1275: 1272: 1264:New York State 1247: 1244: 1218: 1215: 1164:Alexei Kosygin 1160:Lyndon Johnson 1148:Main article: 1115:Gateway Center 1092:Malcolm McLean 1056: 1053: 1045:all-white jury 926:heavy cruisers 913: 910: 889:exploded over 861:mystery novel 820:Arthur Koehler 748:Medical Center 724:Roosevelt Park 699: 696: 661:Lincoln Tunnel 637:Holland Tunnel 602:Holland Tunnel 585: 582: 514:Singer Company 497: 494: 493: 492: 489: 486: 473:in the South, 457: 454: 424: 423: 420: 418: 415: 409: 408: 405: 403: 400: 394: 393: 390: 388: 385: 379: 378: 375: 373: 370: 364: 363: 360: 358: 355: 349: 348: 345: 343: 340: 334: 333: 330: 328: 325: 319: 318: 315: 313: 310: 304: 303: 300: 298: 295: 289: 288: 285: 283: 280: 274: 273: 268: 263: 258: 248: 245: 225:Atlantic Ocean 213: 212: 210: 209: 202: 195: 187: 184: 183: 177: 176: 170: 169: 163: 162: 156: 155: 149: 148: 140: 139: 125: 124: 39: 37: 30: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1650: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1546: 1534: 1530: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1489: 1483: 1480: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1400:1-4034-0673-1 1397: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1379: 1372: 1366: 1363: 1358: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1318: 1306:on 2007-08-23 1305: 1301: 1295: 1292: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1258:that most of 1257: 1253: 1250:In 1998, the 1245: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1231:New York City 1228: 1224: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1209:in 1969, and 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1066: 1061: 1054: 1052: 1051:confessions. 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 960:New Brunswick 957: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 911: 909: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 885: 877: 872: 868: 866: 865: 860: 856: 855:Lindbergh Law 852: 848: 844: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 816:James J. Finn 812: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 787: 782: 778: 774: 773: 768: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 697: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 668: 667:even easier. 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645:New York City 642: 638: 635:in 1926. The 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 613: 611: 603: 599: 595: 590: 583: 581: 579: 575: 571: 565: 563: 559: 555: 551: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 495: 490: 487: 484: 483: 482: 480: 476: 472: 467: 463: 455: 453: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 421: 419: 416: 414: 410: 406: 404: 401: 399: 395: 391: 389: 386: 384: 380: 376: 374: 371: 369: 365: 361: 359: 356: 354: 350: 346: 344: 341: 339: 335: 331: 329: 326: 324: 320: 316: 314: 311: 309: 305: 301: 299: 296: 294: 290: 286: 284: 281: 279: 275: 255: 246: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 220: 208: 203: 201: 196: 194: 189: 188: 186: 185: 182: 179: 178: 175: 172: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 158: 157: 154: 151: 150: 142: 141: 138: 132: 129: 121: 118: 110: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75: 71: 68: –  67: 63: 62:Find sources: 56: 52: 46: 45: 40:This article 38: 34: 29: 28: 19: 1584: 1572: 1560: 1548: 1536:. Retrieved 1532: 1522: 1503: 1491: 1482: 1471:. 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Retrieved 1304:the original 1294: 1260:Ellis Island 1255: 1249: 1227:Philadelphia 1220: 1180: 1153: 1131: 1112: 1088:containerize 1069: 1035:In 1947 the 1034: 1015: 1011:World War II 996: 980: 962:serving the 954: 934:World War II 915: 899: 881: 862: 840: 813: 798: 794:house arrest 770: 767:Orson Welles 764: 701: 669: 653:Hudson River 641:Hudson River 639:, under the 621:Jersey Shore 614: 607: 566: 547: 499: 459: 427: 233:Nike missile 217: 216: 173: 128: 113: 107:January 2023 104: 94: 87: 80: 73: 61: 49:Please help 44:verification 41: 1402:. pp. 30–32 1217:1970s-1980s 1211:Asbury Park 1135:Jersey City 1022:Legislature 956:Camp Kilmer 918:battleships 744:Frank Hague 740:Jersey City 672:Prohibition 550:World War I 535:Jersey City 502:World War I 496:World War I 247:Early 1900s 241:urban decay 1627:Categories 1473:2019-04-06 1310:2010-07-30 1286:References 1187:Plainfield 968:Korean War 930:destroyers 906:nor'easter 887:Hindenburg 876:Hindenburg 736:Piscataway 647:. 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New Jersey in the Twentieth Century

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History of
New Jersey

Colonial period
American Revolution
Nineteenth century
Twentieth century
Twenty-first century
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New Jersey
Atlantic Ocean
Great Depression
Nike missile
Cold War
urban decay
1900
1910
1920

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