New Jersey v. Dharun Ravi - Knowledge (XXG)

514:"roommate used webcam to spy on me/want a single room." The part about spying was ruled hearsay and not admissible. Late on the evening of September 21, after seeing Ravi's "dare you" tweet and just before his meeting with M.B., Clementi visited a resident assistant, Rahi Grover. Grover was not permitted to testify about what Clementi said, but did testify about Clementi's demeanor. He said that Clementi's voice was "a little shaky" and that he appeared uncomfortable. The judge allowed some parts of Grover's official report of the incident: "Tyler is quite upset and feels uncomfortable. Tyler prefers some sort of roommate switch ASAP and prefers some sort of punishment for Dharun Ravi." Grover also included his own recommendation that a roommate change be made as soon as possible, and he offered Clementi a bed in his own room for that night, which Clementi declined. 309:"I want to explain what happened. Sunday night when you requested to have someone over I didn't realize you wanted the room in private. I went to Molly's room and I was showing her how I set up my computer so I can access it from anywhere. I turned on my camera and saw you in the corner of the screen and I immediately closed it. I felt uncomfortable and guilty of what happened. Obviously I told people what occurred so they could give me advice. Then Tuesday when you requested the room again I wanted to make sure what happened Sunday wouldn't happen again and not to video chat me from 930 to 12. Just in case, I turned my camera away and put my computer to sleep so even if anyone tried it wouldn't work. I wanted to make amends for Sunday night. I'm sorry if you heard something distorted and disturbing but I assure you all my actions were good natured." 353:

responded "Omg dharun why didnt u talk to me first i told them everything". According to a prosecution expert witness, Ravi deleted almost 100 text messages between him, Wei and another high school friend, whom he had invited to view Clementi's second encounter with his guest. A key aspect of the prosecution's evidence tampering charge was Ravi's deletion of two potentially incriminating postings: one on Twitter on September 19 in which he wrote that his roommate was "making out with a dude. Yay", and one on September 21 in which he told his iChat followers "dare you to video chat me" during the time of Clementi's tryst. He replaced the latter post with one that said "don't you dare video chat me" at the time of the tryst, stating that the first message was a draft. Ravi was charged with third and fourth degree invasion of privacy.

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privacy and the bias intimidation charges. There is "no question", she said, that Clementi believed he was selected because of his sexual orientation, and some of Ravi's messages referring to gays might also be evidence of intent; she noted that, under the New Jersey bias intimidation law, the prosecution does not have to prove a biased intent, but only a reasonable belief by the victim that he was targeted because of sexual orientation. Abraham also guessed that one defense argument would be that, when Ravi admitted to violating privacy in his statements to the police, he did not understand the legal meaning of "invasion of privacy" and made the statement under duress.

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Clementi and another man leaning against the bed kissing. Wei said that she and Ravi viewed for only a few seconds, turned off the livestream, and initially agreed not to tell anyone, because it "just felt weird" and she felt it was wrong. Several minutes later she chatted about the incident online. Ravi later left the room to shower and Wei, within an hour of the initial viewing, accessed Ravi's webcam again, at the request of a friend, and briefly showed four other students. Wei said the scene was the same as that before, except that the men's shirts were off. According to one student, the two men were turned so one could not see their faces.

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September 21. The first student said that Ravi encouraged him to text friends to watch Clementi's date and that Ravi used his computer to test the angle of the webcam so that it was pointed at Clementi's bed. The second student said that after dinner Ravi "hyped up" his earlier "dare you" tweet, that Ravi used her computer to access his iChat, and that "Tyler's side of the room came into view" when the webcam was accessed. The first student said that the next day he told Ravi that the livestream had not worked: "Then I saw in the lounge and I said, 'Yo, it didn't work.' And he said, 'Yeah, I have been getting that from a lot of people.'"

689:"As to the so-called 'apology,' it was, of course, no apology at all, but a public relations piece produced by Mr. Ravi's advisers only after Judge Berman scolded Mr. Ravi in open court for his failure to have expressed a word of remorse or apology. ... A sincere apology is personal. Many people convicted of crimes address the victims and their families in court. Mr. Ravi was given that opportunity but chose to say nothing. His press release did not mention Tyler or our family, and it included no words of sincere remorse, compassion or responsibility for the pain he caused." 585:"I'm not the same person I was two years ago. I don't even recognize the person I was two years ago" ... ... "But I wasn't biased. I didn't act out of hate and I wasn't uncomfortable with Tyler being gay. ... I'm never going to regret not taking the plea ... If I took the plea, I would have had to testify that I did what I did to intimidate Tyler and that would be a lie. I won't ever get up there and tell the world I hated Tyler because he was gay, or tell the world I was trying to hurt or intimidate him because it's not true." 554:"first-year college students". Regarding bias intimidation, Fahy said that there was "not a lot of proof" that the viewing was done because Clementi was gay. In regard to obstruction of justice, Fahy noted that a few texts by Ravi were "very difficult to explain". Fahy said that the police interview revealed a "kid not used to being interrogated" and that the interview contained "one big lie" by Ravi—that in the second (September 21) incident he had "turned the computer off and later turned it on." 430:

only Ravi and one other student had seen Clementi's guest in person and that the other student said the guest was not "anything out of the ordinary" and, while older, was "not obscenely old". None of the students said that Ravi had expressed any animosity towards gays. One student said that Ravi had called Clementi "nice", and another said that Ravi had told him he had a gay friend. Wei said that Ravi mentioned that Clementi was gay, but "didn't make a big deal out of it".

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Steven Goldstein, the chairman of a New Jersey equal rights advocacy group, said that "This verdict sends the important message that a 'kids will be kids' defense is no excuse to bully another student." Louis Raveson, a professor of criminal and civil trial litigation at Rutgers School of Law-Newark, said that bias intimidation criteria had been met: "I think the statute correctly predicted this kind of crime and ... is being used appropriately."

321:"I've known you were gay and I have no problem with it. In fact one of my closest friends is gay and he and I have a very open relationship. I just suspected you were shy about it which is why I never broached the topic. I don't want your freshman year to be ruined because of a petty misunderstanding, it's adding to my guilt. You have a right to move if you wish but I don't want you to feel pressured to without fully understanding the situation." 537:, an authority on hate crimes, was skeptical of the case for bias intimidation, saying of Ravi that "it becomes difficult to determine whether the motivation was due to sexual orientation or some other conflicts between the roommates that have nothing to do with sexual orientation", although he also noted that the position of the camera had raised doubts about Ravi's contention that he was primarily concerned about protecting his possessions. 349:

think there would be enough evidence to charge Ravi and Wei with a hate crime. After further investigation, the prosecution concluded that there was evidence supporting a hate crime charge against Ravi, dating to when Ravi first learned of Clementi's name. On April 20, 2011, a Middlesex County grand jury indicted Ravi on 15 counts, including bias intimidation, invasion of privacy, witness tampering, and evidence tampering.

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sexual orientation. In regard to the planned viewing on September 21 and Ravi's encouragement of his Twitter followers to watch, the jury concluded that Ravi acted with the purpose to intimidate, with the knowledge that intimidation would occur, and with the result that Clementi was intimidated and reasonably believed that he was targeted because of sexual orientation. Ravi was acquitted of all bias charges against M.B.

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with friends. Ravi wrote: "Roommate asked for the room till midnight. I went into Molly's room and turned on my webcam. I saw him making out with a dude. Yay." The second saved message was sent by Ravi at 6:39 p.m. on September 21, after Clementi requested private use of the room for another tryst late that afternoon: "Anyone with i-chat, I dare you to video chat me between 9:30 and 12. Yes, it's happening again."

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roommate. He told me he had done it before that date" and "that he was planning on doing it again. That night." When Clementi returned to his room, he noticed the camera and texted a friend saying he had unplugged Ravi's power strip to prevent further video streaming during his date. Ravi has said that he had changed his mind regarding the broadcast and disabled the camera himself by putting the computer to sleep.

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in such a wildly inappropriate manner." The judge ruled that "wildly inappropriate" be excluded from jury evidence since it was not a present sense impression but a description of past actions that Clementi had deliberated on. According to former prosecutor John Fahy, Clementi's e-mail and Grover's testimony were important in regard to whether or not Clementi "reasonably believed he was being intimidated".

681:"I accept responsibility for and regret my thoughtless, insensitive, immature, stupid and childish choices that I made on September 19, 2010 and September 21, 2010. My behavior and actions, which at no time were motivated by hate, bigotry, prejudice or desire to hurt, humiliate or embarrass anyone, were nonetheless the wrong choices and decisions. I apologize to everyone affected by those choices." 413:

not, she emphasized, a "prank", "accident", or "mistake", but rather were "intentional", "planned", "criminal", and "mean-spirited". She said Ravi was motivated by the fact that Clementi was homosexual: "he sought to brand Tyler as different from everybody else" and "to set him up for contempt." Later, she explained, Ravi tried to "cover up the tracks" of his actions by altering evidence.

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the prosecution showed there was "no foundation" for them to say that Ravi was not anti-gay. Claypool said that the defense theme (of Ravi's not having bias) should have been pursued with numerous additional witnesses. He also said that Ravi himself needed to testify to show he had no bias against gays and to explain the inconsistencies in his recorded interview with the police.

593:"Bad stuff happens and they need to set an example, but it's unfortunate this has to be the case where this happens ... The people that are fighting for gay rights, they have a just cause. I think this kind of detracts from their cause ... This is something people can point to and say, 'You guys are going overboard.' I think it's bad for them." 244:

men had been "kissing [each other] right now / like THEY WERE GROPING EACH OTHER." Later, Wei turned on the camera for another view with four others in the room, though Ravi was not there. During this second viewing, Wei and others saw Clementi and his guest kissing with their shirts off and their pants on.

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not really bothered by what Ravi had seen in the first, brief viewing, primarily due to its extreme brevity. According to a Rutgers employee, at about 4 a.m. on September 21, after further conversations online, Clementi sent an online request for a single room because his "roommate used webcam to spy on me."

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Clementi's guest, identified only as MB at the trial, reacted to the verdict on March 16, 2012. He said, "I had hoped for all concerned that a trial could have been avoided, but that was not my choice. It was Mr. Ravi's decision, and now he will have to live with it." MB's attorney said that the jury

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Grover requested that Clementi later send him an e-mail to formalize the roommate change request, part of which was allowed as evidence. In his e-mail (12:03 a.m.) Clementi wrote: "I feel like my privacy has been violated and I am extremely uncomfortable sharing a room with someone who would act

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According to M.B.'s testimony, he and Clementi met on a social network site and the September 19 meeting was the second of three dates. M.B. said his relationship with Clementi was a "good relationship", which included continual texting and online chats, and that Clementi was "happy" when he last saw

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Defense attorney Steven Altman said that Ravi's actions were those of an "18-year-old boy". He argued that although these actions may have been "immature" and "stupid", they were not hateful, bigoted, or criminal. "There was no bullying," Altman emphasized. Ravi never "harassed", "ridiculed", or even

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because the prosecution had not presented evidence to the grand jury which, he argued, would have cleared Ravi, and had presented other evidence in what he said was a misleading manner. This evidence included documents that showed that Clementi had titled files on his computer "Why does it have to be

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In a formal e-mail request to the resident assistant made after the meeting, Clementi described the two viewing incidents, quoted from Ravi's Twitter postings, and wrote "I feel that my privacy has been violated and I am extremely uncomfortable sharing a room with someone who would act in this wildly

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for a few seconds, seeing Clementi and his guest kissing. Ravi posted to his 150 Twitter followers, "Roommate asked for the room till midnight. I went into molly's room and turned on my webcam. I saw him making out with a dude. Yay." Soon after, Wei began an online chat in which she said that the two

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Observers who commented after the prosecution rested its case, and before the defense brought its arguments, differed on the strength of the prosecution's case. Susan Abraham, a law professor and former public defender, said that she believed that the prosecution had established both the invasion of

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Only a portion of Clementi's requests for a room change were permitted to be seen by the jury. After discussing with friends Ravi's first Twitter message ("saw my roommate making out with a dude"), Clementi, at 3:55 a.m. on September 21, filed a request on the Rutgers housing website; he wrote,

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M.B. said that during the September 19 visit he noticed a webcam pointed at Clementi's bed and thought the position "was kind of strange", although he did not think that anyone was actually watching. In cross-examination, he noted he remembered this only when it later became relevant. M.B. also said

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On February 24, 2012, Assistant Prosecutor Julia McClure told jurors that Dharun Ravi acted to "deprive" Tyler Clementi of his "privacy" and "dignity" when he observed an intimate encounter of Clementi and later invited others to watch a second liaison of Clementi and his friend. Ravi's actions were

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The prosecution noted that the apology came after Ravi learned he faced discipline by Rutgers. Prosecutor Julia McClure said that the apology was one of "many attempts" by Ravi to "dilute, cover up and explain, in other words to tamper with the facts and to fabricate evidence that could be looked on

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On the evening of September 22, the day after Ravi's second webcam transmission attempt, Clementi left the dorm room and got food. At around 6:30 p.m., he headed toward the George Washington Bridge. By 8:42 p.m., Clementi had made his way to the George Washington Bridge and posted from his

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On the nights of September 19 and 21, Clementi texted Ravi about using their room for the evening. On the first occasion, Ravi met Clementi's male friend, and Clementi said that the two wanted to be alone for the evening. In conversations with Wei and later text messages with friends, Ravi expressed

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On May 21, 2012, Judge Glenn Berman sentenced Ravi to 30 days in jail, 3 years' probation, 300 hours of community service, a $ 10,000 fine, and counseling on cyberbullying and alternate lifestyles. "It wasn't my deal," the judge said. "It was the state's." Lead prosecutor Julia McClure had sought a

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intimidation counts. In regard to the viewing on September 19, the jury concluded that Ravi did not act with the purpose to intimidate either Clementi or his guest because of their sexual orientation, but that Clementi was intimidated and reasonably believed that he had been targeted because of his

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Tyler Clementi followed Ravi's Twitter messages, visiting Ravi's Twitter page 38 times on the two days before his suicide. Clementi saved two of the messages. On September 20, Clementi saw the first message, which Ravi had made a few minutes after the September 19 viewing, and Clementi discussed it

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described M.B. as having "close-cropped hair", not dressed as casually as on September 19, 2010, but his "hair and bearing much the same" as in the Rutgers dormitory surveillance camera photo. She wrote that "he did not look, as Mr. Ravi's friends have described him, 'scruffy' or 'shady'." However,

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Wei testified that, shortly after 9 p.m. on September 19, 2010, Dharun Ravi came to Wei's room and within a few minutes he showed her how he could get live images from his room via an auto-accept feature of his computer's video chat. Wei said that both she and Ravi were "shocked" when they saw

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Bruce Kaplan, the prosecutor in the case, said "now that two individuals have been charged with invasion of privacy, we will be making every effort to assess whether bias played a role in the incident, and, if so, we will bring appropriate charges." On October 4, 2010, Kaplan stated that he did not

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help Ravi avoid deportation. Ravi declined the opportunity to speak at the sentencing hearing and was reprimanded by Judge Berman for not having publicly apologized: "I heard this jury say guilty 288 times—24 questions, 12 jurors, that's the multiplication. And I haven't heard you apologize once."

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The trial and the verdict sparked nationwide debate on the validity and efficacy of the New Jersey hate crime statute and similar laws. Marcellus A. McRae, a former federal prosecutor uninvolved in the case, hailed the guilty verdicts as "a watershed moment, because it says youth is not immunity".

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After the first morning of the defense presentation on March 9, 2012, trial attorney Brian Claypool viewed the overall defense strategy as effective, but he questioned defense techniques in trying to show that Ravi was not anti-gay. The character witnesses called, he said, were ineffective because

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account. M.B.'s testimony was important, not only because he himself was an alleged victim, but because the defense had portrayed him as a suspicious character that prompted Ravi's actions. According to former prosecutor John Fahy, it was also important for the prosecution to establish that sexual

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message boards about complaints he filed through university channels about his roommate. His posts indicated that he did not want to share a room with Ravi after he learned about the first incident and then discovered that Ravi invited his Twitter followers to watch a second sexual encounter. "He

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and two other officials that Ravi had used a webcam to livestream part of Clementi's private sexual encounter with another man. The resident assistant testified at trial that Clementi appeared shaky and uncomfortable when they met around 11 p.m., and in his official report of the meeting, the

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At trial, two Rutgers students testified that Ravi used their computers to verify that the webcam was still focused on Clementi's bed. The captain of Ravi's Ultimate Frisbee team testified that, after practice that evening, Ravi "told me he had set up a webcam of some sort to capture images of his

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Clementi followed Ravi on Twitter. Although Clementi could not see Ravi's phone text messages, he saw his Twitter postings the next day. Clementi viewed Ravi's Twitter posts 38 times following the first webcam viewing. Late on September 20, Clementi wrote to a friend online that, initially, he was

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On May 21, 2012, Ravi was sentenced to 30 days in jail, 3 years' probation, 300 hours of community service, a $ 10,000 fine, and counseling on cyberbullying and alternate lifestyles. Ravi served 20 days of his 30-day jail term from May 31 to June 19, 2012, at the Middlesex County Adult Corrections

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Judge Berman said that Ravi's "'letter of apology' to the pre-sentence people" was "unimpressive" and "didn't even mention the seven cover-up charges". He said it was "ironic" that Ravi's letter "doesn't mention M.B. as if he doesn't exist", yet M.B. had in his letter offered to write a letter to

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Wei and other students testified that Ravi had told them that he was concerned about his possessions. Two of these students testified that Ravi also said he wanted to confirm that his roommate was gay. Several students described Clementi's guest as "shabby" or "shady". The prosecution argued that

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In December 2011, Ravi rejected a plea agreement in which he would not spend any time in jail and through which the prosecutor's office would assist him in fighting any potential deportation orders. Ravi is a citizen of India living legally in the United States. In rejecting the plea arrangement,

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Wei and the prosecutor reached a plea agreement on May 6, 2011. Under the agreement, all charges against Wei would be dropped if Wei testified against Ravi and completed a three-year intervention program, including counseling and community service. Clementi's parents "supported leniency for Wei",

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Steve Altman, Ravi's attorney, said, "Nothing was transmitted beyond one computer and what was seen was only viewed for a matter of seconds." Rubin Sinins, Wei's attorney, said, "I'm unaware of any evidence of sexual contact. The statute defining sexual contact refers to nudity and private parts,

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Under New Jersey law, one commits a fourth-degree crime of invasion of privacy if one observes another person without that person's consent under circumstances in which a "reasonable person would know that another may expose intimate parts or may engage in sexual penetration or sexual contact." A

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At 6:39 p.m., Ravi tweeted, "Anyone with iChat, I dare you to video chat me between the hours of 9:30 and 12. Yes, it's happening again." Ravi had set up the webcam and initially pointed it towards Clementi's bed. Ravi has stated that he realized that his "joke" was "stupid", and pointed the

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After the indictments, attorney Edward Weinstein had said that the prosecution case might be weak, but after hearing the prosecution case, he concluded that "The defense has an extremely large burden; the prosecution put on a good case." He noted that Ravi's Twitter messages, revealed during the

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Ravi left for ultimate frisbee practice around 8:30–9:00 p.m. The captain of the frisbee team testified that at 11 p.m. after practice, he, Ravi and others went to get takeout food at the dining hall and that Ravi said that "he had set up a webcam of some sorts to capture images of his

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At 9:15 p.m., Clementi saved a screenshot of Ravi's "dare you to video chat me" tweet. At 9:25, Ravi's computer was disconnected, according to analysis by the Rutgers IT expert, and it stayed disconnected till 11:19 p.m. At 9:33, Clementi told a friend online that he had turned off the

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On the afternoon of September 21, Ravi texted his friend Michelle Huang. Ravi said that Clementi's guest "was older and creepy and def from the internet". He said he had not seen the guest since September 19, but "My webcam checks my bed hahaha. I got so creeped out after Sunday." He then added,

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Ravi's communications, both in person and in texts and tweets, were key evidence in regard to the September 21 incident. The prosecution contended that on September 21 Ravi set up his webcam to view a second tryst of Clementi's and advertised it to friends and Twitter followers. The viewing was

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On September 22, a friend of Ravi asked what had happened to the livestream the night before. Ravi responded, "It got messed up and didn't work." In the afternoon, the resident assistant confronted Ravi about Clementi's written complaint, in which he requested a room change. Within a few hours,

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Two Rutgers students testified that Ravi, in an apparent test of his webcam, used computers in their rooms to connect to his own. A Rutgers information technology analyst reported that iChat connections were made with Ravi's computer from these students' computers at 6:58 and 7:44 p.m. on

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Shortly after Ravi sent his "dare you" tweet at 6:39 p.m., Ravi urged Huang to later watch the livestream: "Do it for real! I have it pointed at his bed. And the monitor is off so he can't see you. Be careful it could get nasty." At 8:41, in another text conversation, Ravi told Huang that

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The witness tampering charges were based on text messages Ravi sent to Wei, in which he tried to persuade her not to contradict what he had told police. In these messages, Ravi said "Did you tell them we did it on purpose?", and "Because I said we were just messing around with the camera." Wei

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John Fahy, a former Bergen County Prosecutor, said after closing arguments that both the defense and prosecution did a "very good job". In regard to the invasion of privacy charge, Fahy said the defense was effective in raising reasonable doubt by characterizing the incidents as a "frolic" of

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On March 23, Joseph Clementi, Tyler's father, said that the family believed that the jury had reached the "correct verdict," which "was based on the facts and the evidence"; the defense explanation, he added, "was simply not believable". "I have said all along we were looking for justice and

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webcam towards his own bed before the planned viewing on September 21. The police say, however, that it was subsequently found still pointed directly at Clementi's bed. When Ravi's friend suggested that Clementi and his guest might use his bed, Ravi said "My webcam checks my bed, hahaha."

486:"people are having a viewing party" with rum and beer. Ravi told Huang the next day, "It got messed up and didn't work." On September 23, Ravi and Huang discussed Clementi's death and Huang asked, "Didn't you say there was a viewing party once. ..." Ravi answered, "No that was a joke." 438:

On March 2, 2012, Tyler Clementi's guest, M.B., testified for more than five hours. To protect his privacy as a possible crime victim, the judge ordered that media could show only his hands and could not record him—courtroom restrictions that were a "rare exception" according to

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On September 21, Ravi sent a friend a series of text messages, including messages saying, "Yeah, keep the gays away" and "People are having a viewing party with a bottle of Bacardi and beer in this kid's room for my roommate" along with directions on how to view it remotely.

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that when he lay in Clementi's bed, he heard people joking and laughing in the courtyard, and it "seemed like the jokes were at somebody else's expense". When he left the room, there were about five students who "seemed to be looking at me and it seemed kind of unsettling".

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Ravi said he was worried about theft and that he left the computer in a state where he could view the webcam due to those concerns. However, other witnesses testified that Ravi said he also wanted to confirm that Clementi was gay. Ravi and Wei viewed the livestream via

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In an interview with investigators, Ravi said that he had turned the webcam away from Clementi's bed on September 21. A former university detective testified that, when he inspected the dorm room on September 23, the webcam was "angled directly at Tyler's bed".

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In a news analysis published shortly before the verdict was announced, Chris Cuomo of ABC News wrote that "for the most part, the consensus of reporters and legal analysts following the trial is that the state's hate crime charges are thin, at best."

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followers to watch via his webcam a second private encounter between Clementi and M.B., though the viewing never occurred. Clementi died by suicide on September 22, 2010, and his death brought national and international attention to Ravi's trial.

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After 12 hours of deliberations over two and a half days, a jury of 12 members and three alternates reached a verdict on March 16, 2012. Ravi was found guilty of invasion of privacy, hindering apprehension, witness tampering, and all four of the

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Ravi accepted a plea deal on October 27, 2016, and pleaded guilty to one count of attempted invasion of privacy, a third-degree felony. He was sentenced to time already served and fines paid, and the remaining charges against him were dropped.

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The charges stemmed from incidents that occurred on September 19 and 21, 2010. On September 9, 2016, a New Jersey court of appeals overturned the conviction and ordered a new trial on narrower charges. The following month, Ravi accepted a

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who immigrated at age 6. Clementi's family, M.B., and the judge all recommended Ravi not be deported. In June 2012, Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials announced that the convictions were not serious enough to seek deportation.

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argued that, while Ravi's invasion of Clementi's privacy "should be out of bounds on a college campus," the punishment he faced was disproportionate to that crime, and that hate crime laws were not intended for these types of actions.

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overturned the conviction after the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that the bias intimidation laws under which Ravi had been convicted were unconstitutional. The appeals court ordered that Ravi could be re-tried on ten other charges.

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Ravi also said he turned his webcam away from Clementi's bed that night and later moved it back to its normal position, pointing toward the front of his own desk. But the detective said it was found pointed directly at Clementi's

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believing that her "actions, although unlawful, were substantially different in their nature and their extent than the actions of Tyler's former roommate" and that she "was forthcoming and cooperative during the investigation."

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Ravi was represented during the trial by attorneys Steven Altman and Philip Nettl of the New Jersey criminal defense law firm Benedict & Altman. The trial lasted 13 days with closing arguments ending on March 13, 2012.

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roommate", had "done it before," and that night "was planning on doing it again". The student also testified that Ravi seemed uncomfortable with his roommate's being gay, but had said nothing explicitly "disparaging".

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Five minutes after Clementi posted on Facebook, Ravi sent the first of two final messages to Clementi. The messages were sent after Ravi had been visited that afternoon by the resident assistant and told of Clementi's

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Before September 17, 2010, Clementi had chatted online with a man whose identity has not been made public. While Ravi was out for the evening on September 17, the man came to Clementi's dorm room for the first time.

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Appellate court found bias intimidation laws unconstitutional, invalidating Ravi's original convictions. Ravi subsequently accepted a guilty plea deal from prosecutors, for one count of attempted invasion of

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Agarwal and fellow Rutgers student Lokesh Ojha also testified Ravi reminded them about the planned Sept. 21 encounter, then went on their computers to make sure his webcam was angled toward Clementi's bed.

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On May 30, 2012, Ravi waived his right to remain free during the appeals process and began his jail term at the Middlesex County Adult Corrections Center in North Brunswick, New Jersey on May 31, 2012.

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thwarted, they argued, only because Clementi unplugged the computer. Ravi said that his messages were made in a joking manner and that he later turned off the webcam so that no viewing would occur.

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so painful" and took photographs of the George Washington Bridge a month before entering Rutgers. The judge did not grant Ravi's motion. Ravi was not charged with a role in the suicide.

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Glenn Berman, the judge who presided over Ravi's trial, said that the New Jersey statute was "muddled" and that he would have written it differently. The editorial board of the

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third-degree crime is committed if one discloses a "reproduction of the image" of the observed person. Ravi was charged with both third- and fourth-degree invasion of privacy.

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said "anything bad" about his roommate. Moreover, Altman said that Ravi saw only a few seconds of hugging and that nobody "transmitted" or "reproduced any image of anything".

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criticized Ravi for "bullying (via webcam)", but argued that hate crime laws unfairly punish an individual for thought or speech, and therefore erode civil liberties. In a

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had been thorough and that the jury was correct in not finding MB to be the victim of a bias crime since the Rutgers students "didn't know anything about our client".

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Ravi was released from jail on June 19, 2012, after serving 20 days of his 30-day term, with 5 days of credit for good behavior and 5 days of work credits.

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and, to my knowledge, nothing like that was seen. I'm also unaware of any evidence that any video was recorded, reproduced or disseminated in any way."

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trial, showed that "he was not just a mischievous kid pulling a prank", though he also felt that the outcome of the case "totally remains to be seen".

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Shortly after 11 p.m., Ravi texted Clementi to see if he was still using the room. At 11:48, Clementi texted Ravi that "we're done."

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Ravi's lawyer stated: "Simple answer, simple principle ... He's innocent. He's not guilty. That's why he rejected the plea."

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Both the prosecutors and Ravi filed separate appeals. In February 2016, Ravi asked the courts to overturn his convictions.

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seemed to take it seriously," Clementi wrote in a post about 15 hours before his jump from the George Washington Bridge.

4162: 152: 43: 4263: 4224:"Convictions overturned for Dharun Ravi, Rutgers student whose bullying led to suicide of gay roommate Tyler Clementi" 1517: 214: 1322: 3713: 2433: 1005: 4158: 3676: 1434: 235:

distrust of the stranger that Clementi brought into the room, describing him as "an older, shabbier-looking guy".

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Soon after the charges against Wei were made public, Wei's attorneys released a statement proclaiming her

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Soon after these charges were filed, there were calls from gay rights advocates and bloggers to include

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accountability. I trusted the Courts and the State of New Jersey to get this right ... and they did."

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activity had occurred, and M.B. had to answer specific questions about the nature of that activity.

4228: 4191: 3741: 3161: 3091: 2696: 2623: 2335: 1901: 1843: 1726:"Clementi seemed 'uncomfortable' when he reported conflict with Ravi, resident assistant testifies" 1256: 167: 1689:"Authorities subpoena Rutgers for e-mails regarding Tyler Clementi complaint of roommate's webcam" 4078: 4046: 3981: 3949: 3810: 3774: 2874: 2460: 2367: 2231:"Dharun Ravi and Molly Wei saw no sexual contact in Tyler Clementi secret broadcast, lawyers say" 1556: 1484: 1225: 1033: 1000: 875: 847: 610: 441: 269: 160: 2761:"Dharun Ravi trial: Witnesses testify that Clementi's roommate had no problem with homosexuals" 801:

DeMarco, Megan; Calefati, Jessica; Epstein, Sue; McGlone, Peggy; Sherman, Ted (16 March 2012).

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resident assistant said that Clementi requested both punishment and a room change for Ravi.

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On September 28, 2010, Dharun Ravi and Molly Wei were charged with four and two counts of

2181:"Rutgers webcam trial: Ravi deleted dozens of text messages from cell phone, expert says" 3878:"Dharun Ravi appears in court, tells judge he will report to jail Thursday - Crimesider" 1317: 774:"Live coverage: Dharun Ravi found guilty on most counts in webcam spying trial verdict" 148: 2692:"Tyler Clementi case: Students 'freaked out' after spying on gay roommate with webcam" 2586:"Sides paint different pictures of Dharun Ravi"s intentions during opening statements" 4247: 1038: 632: 286:

Clementi returned to his dorm room and he and Ravi were there for less than an hour.

2655:"Molly Wei testimony: Dharun Ravi was 'shocked' to see Tyler Clementi kissing a man" 4069: 3940: 3801: 3667:"Di Ionno: 'Muddled' legislation exists at core of jury deliberation in Ravi trial" 2865: 1547: 991: 449: 3120:"Friend testifies Ravi was 'creeped out' by seeing Clementi kiss a man via webcam" 3045:"Rutgers webcam trial: Ravi admits he violated Tyler Clementi's privacy by spying" 28: 650:

five-year prison term and on May 23, 2012 filed a motion appealing the sentence.

3846:"Dharun Ravi sentence: Middlesex County Prosecutor's office files appeal notice" 2331:"Dharun Ravi, suspected of spying on gay roommate at Rutgers, rejects plea deal" 871:"Roommate in Tyler Clementi Case Pleads Guilty to Attempted Invasion of Privacy" 331: 2014: 3505: 3469: 2835: 342: 3819: 1046: 166:

student Dharun Ravi was tried and convicted on 15 counts of crimes involving

3429:"Prosecutors build strong case in Rutgers webcam spying trial, analysts say" 3329: 2408: 2145:"Grand jury hands up 15-count indictment against roommate of Tyler Clementi" 1793: 734:"Dharun Ravi trial update: Opening arguments in roommate webcam spying case" 569: 187: 111: 4103: 3882: 3497:

Former prosecutor says Ravi defense effective in showing reasonable doubt

3251:"Witness testifies Dharun Ravi was 'uncomfortable' with his gay roommate" 2980: 1985:. Middlesex County Prosecutor's Office. 28 September 2010. Archived from 400: 3598:"Man seen kissing Tyler Clementi reacts to verdict in Ravi webcam trial" 3461:

Civil rights expert BRIAN CLAYPOOL on NJ v. Dharun Ravi defense strategy

1837:

Lemire, Jonathan; Feeney, Michael J.; McShane, Larry (October 1, 2010).

1391:"Former defendant Molly Wei: Other students viewed Rutgers webcam-video" 277:

inappropriate manner." Clementi wrote in detail on the Just Us Boys and

4099:"Ex-Rutgers Student Apologizes in Webcam Spy Case, Will Report to Jail" 3481: 2729: 2271: 205: 3394:"Former Public Defender Thinks Prosecution Has Good Case Against Ravi" 2798:"Rutgers students say Tyler Clementi webcam peeking was 'no big deal'" 2796:

Koenigs, Michael; Shearn, Ian T.; Curry, Colleen (February 24, 2012).

1625:"Friend testifies Ravi seemed 'uncomfortable' with Clementi being gay" 3688: 3619: 3549: 3272: 3141: 3066: 2960: 2782: 2676: 2251: 2165: 1739: 1710: 1673: 1609: 1173: 1136: 1097: 966: 843:"Conviction Thrown Out for Ex-Rutgers Student in Tyler Clementi Case" 824: 787: 278: 194: 107: 4128:"Prosecutors to appeal 30-day sentence in Rutgers gay bullying case" 1922:"WATCH: Roommate Questioned by Police in Rutgers Webcam Spying Case" 1425:"Exclusive interview with Dharun Ravi: 'I'm very sorry about Tyler'" 494:

power strip to Ravi's computer. At 10:19, Clementi's guest arrived.

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M.B. testified that he had not shaved the evening of the encounter.

4074:"Rutgers Webcam-Spying Defendant Is Sentenced to 30-Day Jail Term" 3639: 3465: 3433: 240: 190:

and pleaded guilty to one count of attempted invasion of privacy.

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Friedman, Alexi; Manahan, Kevin; DeMarco, Megan (March 4, 2012).

1653:"Rutgers student Tyler Clementi's suicide spurs action across US" 3398: 3362:"Burden of proof: Prosecutor presents first bias crime evidence" 3360:

Cuomo, Chris; Shearn, Ian T.; Koenigs, Michael (March 1, 2012).

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Cuomo, Chris; Shearn, Ian T.; Koenigs, Michael (March 3, 2012).

1926: 3737:"Tyler Clementi and the questionable wisdom of hate crime laws" 3704:"Dharun Ravi doesn't deserve jail for spying on Tyler Clementi" 1951:"Tyler Clementi case: Prosecutors deride Dharun Ravi's Apology" 4132: 3910:"Ex-Rutgers Student Dharun Ravi Released from Jail - ABC News" 2045:"Rutgers Trial: The Political Firestorm Before the Indictment" 1812: 197:

to view a private romantic encounter between Ravi's roommate,

2725:"Molly Wei and Dharun Ravi's classmates take the stand today" 2267:"Plea deal means student to testify against Rutgers roommate" 4042:"Parents of Rutgers Spying Victim Reject Roommate's Apology" 193:

In the first incident, Ravi and his friend Molly Wei used a

2456:"More Complex Picture Emerges in Rutgers Student's Suicide" 1029:"Invasion of Privacy Charges After Death of Tyler Clementi" 301:

cell phone on Facebook, "Jumping off the gw bridge sorry."

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from February 24, 2012, to March 16, 2012, in which former

2558:"Rutgers' Ravi: 'I Wasn't the One Who Caused Him to Jump'" 469:

September 21: Timeline of Ravi's communications and events

3325:"Rutgers dormmate testifies he helped Ravi set up webcam" 3009:"Rutgers trial summation fireworks as case heads to jury" 2870:"Veiled witness in Rutgers case tells of noticing webcam" 2522:"Judge refuses to dismiss charges in Rutgers webcam case" 2081:"Message Board Community Pays Tribute to Rutgers Student" 2079:

Weisensee Egan, Nicole; Herbst, Diane (October 5, 2010).

803:"Dharun Ravi found guilty in Rutgers webcam spying trial" 1780:"Judge excludes part of email evidence in Rutgers trial" 1221:"In Rutgers Case, Testimony About Text Message Exchange" 677:

On May 29, 2012, Ravi released the following statement:

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Five days after the verdict, Ravi said in an interview:

3945:"Rutgers Case Will Not Spur Deportation, Officials Say" 3504:. March 14, 2012. Event occurs at 2:23. Archived from 3224:

Millicker, Anastasia; Kumar, Rashmee (March 19, 2012).

2363:"Rutgers Verdict Repudiates Notion of Youth as Defense" 2011:"New Jersey Criminal Laws: 2C:14-9 Invasion of Privacy" 1983:"Two Rutgers students charged with invasion of privacy" 1809:"Did Tyler Clementi Reach Out for Help Before Suicide?" 1753:

Tzatzev, Aleksi; Millicker, Anastasia (March 1, 2012).

2299:"Student Gets Leniency in Rutgers Webcam-Spying Case" 1724:

DeMarco, Megan; Friedman, Alexi (February 29, 2012).

1077:"Live blog: Dharun Ravi sentenced to 30 days in jail" 16:

2012 hate crime trial in the U.S. state of New Jersey

2903:"Burden of proof: M.B.wants no jail for Dharun Ravi" 1755:"Ravi uses friend's laptop to set up webcam viewing" 1152:"Dharun Ravi is released from Middlesex County jail" 996:"Jury Finds Spying in Rutgers Dorm Was a Hate Crime" 399:

In August 2011, Ravi's defense attorney requested a

3087:"Clementi checked Ravi's Twitter feed before death" 2424:"Dharun Ravi Trial: Lawyers Make Closing Arguments" 1897:"Rutgers dorm assistant on stand in Clementi trial" 1448:Bazelon, Emily; Lerner, Kevin (February 14, 2012). 869:Schweber, Nate; Foderaro, Lisa (October 27, 2016). 421:

September 19 viewing: Testimony of Rutgers students

132: 127: 100: 90: 85: 74: 59: 49: 35: 21: 3565:"Clementi family finds justice in juror's verdict" 3188:Loyd, Beth; Koenigs, Michael (February 29, 2012). 2551: 2549: 2388:"Opening statements heard in Rutgers webcam trial" 1687:Margolin, Josh; Heyboer, Kelly (October 6, 2010). 1513:"Jurors see video of interview in webcam spy case" 1249:"Defendant in Rutgers trial: 'Keep the Gays away'" 3635:"Gay spying case: Will jury convict for 'hate'?" 2109:"Roommate charged with hate crime in NJ suicide" 1480:"Rutgers Defendant Wrote of Keeping "Gays Away"" 1242: 1240: 986: 984: 982: 980: 978: 976: 907:"Rutger's Trial: Dharun Ravi's Texts to Witness" 727: 725: 723: 703:Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division 3806:"Judge Defends Sentence Imposed on Dharun Ravi" 2976:"Mystery man testifies in Rutgers webcam trial" 687: 679: 591: 583: 508: 319: 204:In the second incident, Ravi urged friends and 3702:Star Ledger Editorial Board (March 16, 2012). 3219: 3217: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1075:DeMarco, Megan; Friedman, Alexi (2012-05-21). 221:Events leading up to the indictments and trial 3080: 3078: 3076: 2143:Heyboer, Kelly; Haydon, Tom (20 April 2011). 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 182:, and hindering apprehension or prosecution. 8: 2229:Heyboer, Kelly; DiIonno, Mark (2010-10-31). 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1116:"Dharun Ravi arrives to begin jail sentence" 201:, and another man identified only as "M.B." 4015:. Vol. 55, no. 21. Archived from 1473: 1471: 1469: 1109: 1107: 1070: 1068: 4036: 4034: 4004:Hurley-Schubert, Victoria (May 24, 2012). 2860: 2858: 2102: 2100: 2074: 2072: 1949:Egan, Nicole Weisensee (August 29, 2011). 900: 898: 864: 862: 836: 834: 509:Clementi's complaints to Rutgers officials 268:On September 21, Clementi complained to a 27: 18: 3770:"Make the Punishment Fit the Cyber-Crime" 2619:"Trial starts for ex-Rutgers cyber bully" 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2013:. Samuel Louis Sachs, Esq. Archived from 2005: 2003: 1214: 1212: 468: 3977:"Dharun Ravi won't be deported to India" 3563:Millicker, Anastasia (March 26, 2012). 3288:"Friend: Ravi spoke of 'viewing party'" 3038: 3036: 2932: 2930: 2831:"Summations begin in Dharun Ravi trial" 2754: 2752: 2648: 2646: 2520:Anastasia, George (10 September 2011). 2454:Pérez-Peña, Richard (August 12, 2011). 1344: 1342: 1340: 841:McGeehan, Patrick (September 9, 2016). 767: 765: 763: 761: 719: 662:permanent resident of the United States 3422: 3420: 3190:"Rutgers trial witness admits he lied" 2617:Boyle, Christina (February 24, 2012). 2361:Glauberson, William (March 17, 2012). 2297:Egan, Nicole Weisensee (May 6, 2011). 1895:Boyle, Christina (February 29, 2012). 1552:"New light on Rutgers student's death" 938: 936: 934: 732:Mulvihill, Geoff (February 24, 2012). 317:Ten minutes later, Ravi texted again: 2810:from the original on February 3, 2016 2579: 2577: 2329:Boyle, Christina (December 9, 2011). 1581: 1579: 1542: 1540: 1027:Foderaro, Lisa (September 29, 2010). 290:Clementi suicide and Ravi's apologies 7: 3596:O'Brien, Kathleen (March 16, 2012). 1864:"Should Dharun Ravi Have Testified?" 1586:DeMarco, Megan (February 28, 2012). 1219:Schweber, Nate (February 27, 2012). 54:State of New Jersey vs. Dharun Ravi 2422:Mulvihill, Geoff (March 13, 2012). 905:Curry, Colleen (27 February 2012). 144:State of New Jersey vs. Dharun Ravi 106:Ravi sentenced to 30 days in jail ( 3286:Mulvihill, Geoff (March 6, 2012). 3155:Boyle, Christina (March 5, 2012). 3085:Boyle, Christina (March 6, 2012). 2690:Prince, Rosa (February 27, 2012). 2487:Kinney, Monica (August 21, 2011). 2204:Heyboer, Kelly (October 5, 2010). 1920:Mulvihill, Geoff (March 7, 2012). 1511:Mulvihill, Geoff (March 7, 2012). 1389:Sudol, Karen (February 27, 2012). 1349:Gardiner, Sean (August 12, 2011). 1189:"Identity shielded, man testifies" 1187:Mulvihill, Geoff (March 3, 2012). 14: 4222:Otis, Ginger David (2016-09-09). 4199:. 3 February 2016. Archived from 3768:Bazelon, Emily (March 19, 2012). 3735:Cohen, Richard (March 19, 2012). 3665:Di Ionno, Mark (March 15, 2012). 3157:"Ravi text: 'Keep the gays away'" 3007:Curry, Colleen (March 13, 2012). 2974:Thompson, Brian (March 2, 2012). 2829:Dais, Arthur J (March 24, 2012). 2489:"Young lives are a too-open book" 1862:Bazelon, Emily (March 13, 2012). 1807:Lohr, David (30 September 2010). 1623:Friedman, Alexi (March 1, 2012). 1423:Di Ionno, Mark (March 21, 2012). 772:DeMarco, Megan (March 16, 2012). 170:, attempted invasion of privacy, 4097:Mulvihill, Geoff (29 May 2012). 3890:from the original on 30 May 2012 3468:. March 12, 2012. Archived from 3323:Racz, Gene (February 29, 2012). 3249:DeMarco, Megan (March 1, 2012). 3118:DeMarco, Megan (March 5, 2012). 2386:Racz, Gene (February 24, 2012). 2179:DeMarco, Megan (March 7, 2012). 1792:on 29 February 2012 – via 1778:Racz, Gene (February 29, 2012). 1478:Schweber, Nate (March 5, 2012). 1311:Parker, Ian (February 6, 2012). 786:on 11 November 2020 – via 4254:Hate crime in the United States 3876:Crimesider Staff (2012-05-30). 3226:"TIMELINE: Dharun Ravi's trial" 2556:Gomstyn, Alice (Mar 22, 2012). 2107:DeFalco, Beth (20 April 2011). 2043:Cuomo, Chris (March 13, 2012). 1738:on 3 February 2016 – via 1450:"Dharun Ravi Should Cut a Deal" 1247:Winch, Graham (March 7, 2012). 589:In another interview, he said: 4161:. June 4, 2012. Archived from 4126:Hayes, Ashley (May 21, 2012). 4054:. May 31, 2012. Archived from 3989:. 19 June 2012. Archived from 3043:Friedman, Alexi (2012-03-07). 2759:Friedman, Alexi (2012-02-25). 2723:Mulvihill, Evan (2012-02-28). 1651:Peet, Judy (October 3, 2010). 943:Friedman, Alexi (2012-03-06). 685:Clementi's parents responded: 345:charges against Ravi and Wei. 1: 3527:DeMarco, Megan (2012-03-16). 2653:DeMarco, Megan (2012-02-27). 2584:DeMarco, Megan (2012-02-24). 1150:Haydon, Tom (June 19, 2012). 386:Trial arguments and testimony 252:Second planned webcam viewing 110:after 20 days), plus 3 years 3908:Ng, Christina (2012-06-19). 3844:Epstein, Sue (24 May 2012). 3402:. 2012-03-08. Archived from 357:Public statements by defense 153:Middlesex County, New Jersey 44:Middlesex County, New Jersey 4269:Legal history of New Jersey 4006:"Ravi sentenced to 30 days" 1847:. p. 2. Archived from 1815:News Canada. Archived from 1518:The San Diego Union-Tribune 482:"Yeah keep the gays away." 215:North Brunswick, New Jersey 4290: 4259:LGBT history in New Jersey 3427:Gold, Jim (8 March 2012). 701:On September 9, 2016, the 293: 81:(2012; overturned in 2016) 3293:The Philadelphia Inquirer 2527:The Philadelphia Inquirer 2494:The Philadelphia Inquirer 2265:Ali, Aman (May 6, 2011). 1194:The Philadelphia Inquirer 296:Suicide of Tyler Clementi 289: 26: 22:New Jersey v. Dharun Ravi 2114:Honolulu Star Advertiser 1351:"New Claims in Spy Case" 1313:"The Story of a Suicide" 631:op-ed piece, journalist 522:Reactions to prosecution 63:March 12, 2012 1356:The Wall Street Journal 176:tampering with evidence 1637:on 17 September 2021. 1529:on 25 September 2022. 691: 683: 595: 587: 323: 314:as favorable to him." 311: 4236:on 10 September 2016. 4115:on 26 September 2022. 3633:Leitsinger, Miranda. 1550:(February 29, 2012). 1205:on 26 September 2022. 855:on 10 September 2016. 307: 226:First webcam incident 4274:2012 in LGBT history 4019:on 26 September 2022 4013:South Brunswick Post 3508:on 26 September 2022 3472:on 26 September 2022 3304:on 19 September 2015 2534:on 26 September 2022 1403:on 26 November 2015. 1233:on 29 February 2012. 1128:on 26 September 2022 545:Reactions to defense 79:Guilty on all counts 4229:New York Daily News 4192:New York Daily News 3742:The Washington Post 3577:on 17 December 2014 3341:on 29 February 2012 3238:on 3 February 2016. 3169:on January 30, 2013 3162:New York Daily News 3099:on January 30, 2013 3092:New York Daily News 2951:on 21 February 2022 2882:on 21 February 2022 2773:on 28 February 2012 2704:on 29 February 2012 2697:The Daily Telegraph 2624:New York Daily News 2598:on 26 February 2012 2501:on 8 September 2012 2400:on 25 February 2012 2336:New York Daily News 1963:on 22 February 2012 1902:New York Daily News 1844:New York Daily News 1363:on 23 November 2018 1089:on 7 September 2022 1008:on 1 September 2022 919:on 7 September 2021 883:on 1 September 2022 332:invasion of privacy 168:invasion of privacy 4264:Rutgers University 4203:on 5 February 2016 4152:"Notice of Appeal" 4079:The New York Times 4047:The New York Times 3982:The Times Of India 3950:The New York Times 3811:The New York Times 3775:The New York Times 2988:on 6 December 2020 2875:The New York Times 2843:on 26 January 2021 2461:The New York Times 2368:The New York Times 2279:on 3 February 2016 2243:on 2 November 2010 2157:on 25 October 2020 2093:on 8 January 2011. 1767:on 7 October 2015. 1701:on 10 October 2010 1665:on 28 October 2020 1557:The New York Times 1485:The New York Times 1462:on 15 August 2022. 1325:on 1 February 2012 1226:The New York Times 1034:The New York Times 1001:The New York Times 994:(March 17, 2012). 876:The New York Times 848:The New York Times 640:Sentencing hearing 454:The New York Times 442:The New York Times 270:resident assistant 161:Rutgers University 101:Subsequent actions 95:Appellate Division 3943:(June 18, 2012). 3502:NJ Spotlight News 3335:Home News Tribune 2868:(March 2, 2012). 2570:on 22 March 2012. 2468:on 31 August 2011 2393:Home News Tribune 2375:on 17 March 2012. 2218:on 7 August 2020. 2193:on 11 March 2012. 1909:on July 10, 2012. 1785:Home News Tribune 1437:on 23 March 2012. 957:on 19 August 2022 815:on 14 August 2020 434:Testimony of M.B. 408:Opening arguments 180:witness tampering 172:bias intimidation 140: 139: 116:community service 114:and 300 hours of 4281: 4238: 4237: 4232:. 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Archived from 729: 128:Court membership 70: 68: 31: 19: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4206: 4204: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4140:on 22 May 2012. 4125: 4124: 4120: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4058:on 3 June 2012. 4040: 4039: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4008: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3960: 3958: 3957:on 19 June 2012 3939: 3938: 3934: 3925: 3923: 3922:on 19 June 2012 3907: 3906: 3902: 3893: 3891: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3861: 3859: 3858:on 7 March 2021 3851:The Star-Ledger 3843: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3827: 3826:on 17 June 2022 3800: 3799: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3782:on 17 June 2022 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3709:The Star-Ledger 3701: 3700: 3696: 3682: 3680: 3672:The Star-Ledger 3664: 3663: 3659: 3650: 3648: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3613: 3611: 3603:The Star-Ledger 3595: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3544: 3542: 3534:The Star-Ledger 3526: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3475: 3473: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3444: 3442: 3426: 3425: 3418: 3409: 3407: 3406:on 19 July 2012 3392: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3374:on 2 March 2012 3359: 3358: 3354: 3344: 3342: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3307: 3305: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3266: 3264: 3263:on 3 March 2012 3256:The Star-Ledger 3248: 3247: 3243: 3223: 3222: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3202:on 1 March 2012 3187: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3135: 3133: 3132:on 4 March 2016 3125:The Star-Ledger 3117: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3084: 3083: 3074: 3060: 3058: 3050:The Star-Ledger 3042: 3041: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2989: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2954: 2952: 2944:The Star-Ledger 2936: 2935: 2928: 2918: 2916: 2915:on 3 March 2012 2900: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2864: 2863: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2776: 2774: 2766:The Star-Ledger 2758: 2757: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2737:on 2 March 2012 2722: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2670: 2668: 2667:on 1 March 2012 2660:The Star-Ledger 2652: 2651: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2631:on July 8, 2012 2616: 2615: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2591:The Star-Ledger 2583: 2582: 2575: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2439: 2437: 2429:Huffington Post 2421: 2420: 2416: 2403: 2401: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2343:on 18 July 2014 2328: 2327: 2323: 2314: 2312: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2282: 2280: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2246: 2244: 2236:The Star-Ledger 2228: 2227: 2223: 2211:The Star-Ledger 2203: 2202: 2198: 2186:The Star-Ledger 2178: 2177: 2173: 2160: 2158: 2150:The Star-Ledger 2142: 2141: 2137: 2128: 2126: 2106: 2105: 2098: 2078: 2077: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2042: 2041: 2030: 2020: 2018: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1992: 1990: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1966: 1964: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1879: 1877: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1822: 1820: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1731:The Star-Ledger 1723: 1722: 1718: 1704: 1702: 1694:The Star-Ledger 1686: 1685: 1681: 1668: 1666: 1658:The Star-Ledger 1650: 1649: 1645: 1630:The Star Ledger 1622: 1621: 1617: 1603: 1601: 1600:on 1 March 2012 1593:The Star-Ledger 1585: 1584: 1577: 1567: 1565: 1564:on 17 June 2022 1546: 1545: 1538: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1495: 1493: 1492:on 7 March 2012 1477: 1476: 1467: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1430:The Star-Ledger 1422: 1421: 1408: 1388: 1387: 1376: 1366: 1364: 1348: 1347: 1338: 1328: 1326: 1310: 1309: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1259:on 8 March 2012 1246: 1245: 1238: 1218: 1217: 1210: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1167: 1165: 1164:on 19 June 2012 1157:The Star-Ledger 1149: 1148: 1144: 1131: 1129: 1121:The Star-Ledger 1113: 1112: 1105: 1092: 1090: 1082:The Star-Ledger 1074: 1073: 1066: 1056: 1054: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1011: 1009: 990: 989: 974: 960: 958: 950:The Star-Ledger 942: 941: 932: 922: 920: 904: 903: 896: 886: 884: 868: 867: 860: 840: 839: 832: 818: 816: 808:The Star-Ledger 800: 799: 795: 779:The Star-Ledger 771: 770: 759: 749: 747: 739:Huffington Post 731: 730: 721: 716: 696: 671: 647: 642: 621:Washington Post 616:The Star-Ledger 579: 565: 560: 547: 524: 511: 471: 436: 423: 410: 397: 395:Pretrial motion 388: 375: 359: 328: 298: 292: 254: 228: 223: 66: 64: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4287: 4285: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4246: 4245: 4240: 4239: 4214: 4178: 4143: 4118: 4089: 4061: 4030: 3996: 3968: 3932: 3900: 3868: 3836: 3804:(2012-05-30). 3793: 3760: 3727: 3694: 3657: 3625: 3588: 3555: 3519: 3487: 3464:. 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