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128:
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792:, sandstones, shales, volcanoclastic strata, and igneous rocks; upper Paleozoic to Triassic sandstones and shales; Jurassic to lower Cretaceous turbidites; and upper Cretaceous to Pliocene sandstones and shales. The De Long Islands consist of early Paleozoic, middle Paleozoic, Cretaceous, and Neogene sedimentary and igneous (mostly
819:
them, and other articles were written by explorers and ivory hunters untrained in either geology or other sciences. Such statements have been shown to be fictional in nature by detailed studies of the geology of the New
Siberian Islands by professional geologists, paleontologists, and other scientists.
818:
bones and tusks or of ice, sand, and the bones of mammoths and other extinct megafauna. Some of these papers were written by persons (e.g. D. Gath
Whitley) who had never visited the New Siberian Islands and relied upon anecdotes of traders and travelers and local folklore for their descriptions of
449:
Toll paid a further visit to the island group in the spring of 1892, accompanied by one
Cossack and three natives. He traveled over the ice in sleds drawn by dogs and reached the south coast of Great Lyakhovsky Island. Along the southern coast of this island he found well-preserved bones, ivory,
956:
Temperature in July: At the coasts icy Arctic water keeps the temperatures relatively low. Average maximum temperatures from +8 °C to +11 °C and average minimum temperatures from -3 °C to +1 °C. In the interior of the islands the average maximum temperatures in July are
676:. At this plain's greatest extent, sea level was 100–120 m below modern sea-level and the coastline lay 700 to 1000 kilometers north of its current position. This plain did not undergo extensive glaciation during the Late Pleistocene or the Last Glacial Maximum because it lay in the
2156:. Abtheilung III: Die fossilen Eislager und ihre Beziehungen su den Mammuthleichen. Memoires de L'Academie imperials des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, VII Serie, Tome XLII, No. 13, Commissionnaires de l'Academie Impériale des sciences, St. Petersbourg, Russia.
482:
2286:- free, downloadable research reports on the biology, geology, oceanography, hydrology, paleontology, paleoclimatology, fauna, flora, soils, cryology, and so forth of the New Siberian Islands, Laptev Sea, and other parts of the Arctic Circle.
846:
and river beds. The New
Siberian Islands are unique in the burial and preservation of fossil ivory "in such a wonderful state of preservation that the tusks so found cannot be distinguished from the very best and purest ivory".
980:
The ocean surrounding the islands is covered with ice most of the year. During warm years, the ocean briefly opens for navigation July through
October. During cold years, islands may remain ice-locked through the summer.
2178:
P. A. Nikolskiy, L.D. Sulerzhitsky, and V. V. Pitulko, 2010, "Last straw versus
Blitzkrieg overkill: Climate-driven changes in the Arctic Siberian mammoth population and the Late Pleistocene extinction problem".
2353:, 144 KB PDF file, The World of Elephants - International Congress, Rome 2001. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Centro di Studio per il Quaternario e l'Evoluzione Ambientale, Università di Roma, Roma, Italy.
1779:
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Wissenschaftliche
Resultate der von der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zur Erforschung des Janalandes und der Neusibirischen Inseln in den Jahren 1885 und 1886 ausgesandten Expedition.
1727:
664:(Late Weichselian Epoch). These islands represent the remains of about 1.6 million square kilometers of the formerly subaerial Great Arctic Plain that now lies submerged below parts of the
2283:
1890:
A. A. Andreev, G. Grosse, L. Schirrmeister, S. A. Kuzmina, E. Y. Novenko, A. A. Bobrov, P. E. Tarasov, B. P. Ilyashuk, T. V. Kuznetsova, M. Krbetschek, H. Meyer, and V. V. Kunitsky, 2004,
514:(земля́ Бу́нге) 6,200 km (occasionally submerged by sea) links Kotelny Island and Faddeyevsky Island. Very close to Bunge Land's northwestern coast lie two smaller islands:
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704:. The sea submerged the Great Arctic Plain (except for the New Siberian and other isolated islands) within a relatively short time span of 7,000 years during the Early–Middle
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of the
Northern European ice sheet. During the frigid polar climate of the Last Glacial Maximum, 17,000 to 24,000 BC, small passive ice caps formed on the adjacent
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went to the New
Siberian Islands on a cartographic expedition. Sannikov reported the sighting of a "new land" north of Kotelny in 1811. This became the myth of
2378:
442:, during his first visit to the New Siberian Islands, thought that he had seen an unknown land north of Kotelny Island. He guessed that this was the so-called
4467:
2400:
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Zheleznyakov Island (Ostrov
Zheleznyakova), right off the NW cape and east of it, Matar Island (Ostrov Matar). Both islands have a length of about 5 km.
2341:
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4184:
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143:
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Digby also noted that some early papers published about the New Siberian Islands incorrectly describe them, often along with other Arctic islands (e.g.
1936:
2020:
32nd International Arctic Workshop, Program and Abstracts 2002. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, pp 23–25.
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984:
Polar night conditions are present November through February, and, conversely, the Sun remains above the horizon continuously during summer months.
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The New Siberian Islands are low-lying. Their highest point is located on Bennett island, with an elevation of 426 m. They are part of the
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The New Siberian Islands once formed major hills within the Great Arctic Plain that covered the northern part of Late Pleistocene "
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is a small island located due north off the northern bay formed by Kotelny and Bunge. It is C-shaped and only 4 km in length,
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Late Saalian and Eemian palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Laptev Sea region, Arctic Siberia)
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examination of reports of a 90-foot fossil plum tree being found in Great Lyakhovsky Island of the New Siberian Islands.
2099:
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960:
2165:
A. M. Ivanova, V. Ushakov, G. A. Cherkashov, and A. N. Smirnov, 1999, "Placer Minerals of the Russian Arctic Shelf".
2081:"Middle Cretaceous to Eopleistocene Sequences on the New Siberian Islands: an approach to interpret offshore seismic"
4487:
3735:
3720:
3018:
3003:
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Science Briefs (August 1999). Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York. Last visited July 12, 2008.
4121:
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2135:"Palaeoclimate Reconstruction on Big Lyakhovsky Island, North Siberia—Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Ice Wedges"
585:
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but its geographical importance lies in the fact that it is the northernmost island of the New Siberian group.
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414:
318:
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New data about the construction of Quaternary deposits on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Novosibirsky Islands)
893:
demonstrate that they accumulated over a period of some 200,000 years. Radiocarbon dates obtained from the
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Lost world: Late Quaternary environment of periglacial Arctic shelves and coastal lowlands in NE-Siberia.
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2003:
Paleogeography and geochronology in the Russian eastern Arctic during the second half of the Quaternary
2080:
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2313:
32nd Annual Arctic Workshop Abstracts, March 14–16, 2002, INSTAAR, University of Colorado at Boulder.
661:
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Strizhov Island, a small rock island at southwest tip of Belkovsky Island (75°18’40‘‘N, 135°28’52E)
922:
882:
831:
in his account of the New Siberian Islands, sizeable and economically significant accumulations of
425:
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4238:
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3822:
3695:
3141:
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2322:
Journal for the American Institute for Conservation. vol. 32, no. 3, Article 3, pp. 241–248.
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603:
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2015:
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Bennett Island (De Long Islands) between Cape Sophia and Cape Emmelin (76°41‘37‘‘N, 149°20‘E)
716:
As noted by Digby and numerous later publications, this archipelago consists of a mixture of
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The history and significance of the Schreger Pattern in Proboscidean ivory characterization.
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413:, in the beginning of the 18th century. In 1712, a Cossack unit led by M. Vagin reached the
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2116:
V. M. Makeyev, D. P. Ponomareva, V. V. Pitulko, G. M. Chernova and D. V. Solovyeva, 2003,
1941:
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1913:. Science College Report, Geological-Geographical Serie no. 2, pp. 243–248. (in Russian)
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and underground ice are very common. The surface of the islands is covered with Arctic
910:
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858:, in which they are encased. The permafrost periodically developed in Late Pleistocene
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2035:
2nd International Alfred Wegener Symposium Bremerhaven, October 30 – November 2, 2005.
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1821:
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957:+16 °C to +19 °C and average minimum temperatures +3 °C to +6 °C.
843:
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350:
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4248:
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3112:
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863:
739:. The Lyakhovsky Islands consist of a folded and faulted assemblage of Precambrian
728:
665:
560:
462:
450:
peat, wood, and even a tree within 40-meter (130-foot) high sea cliffs that expose
17:
2299:
807:
that range in thickness from a fraction of a meter to about 35 meters (115 feet).
481:
2133:
H. Meyer, A. Dereviagin, C. Siegert, L. Schirrmeister and H.-W. Hubberten, 2002,
4365:
4324:
3960:
3849:
3792:
3715:
3665:
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3528:
3417:
3255:
3173:
3151:
3127:
2973:
2963:
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2817:
2747:
2732:
2662:
2226:
2063:
V. K. Dorofeev, M. G. Blagoveshchensky, A. N. Smirnov, and V. I. Ushakov, 1999,
1849:
950:
906:
828:
797:
796:) rocks. These sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks are mantled by loose
732:
677:
439:
405:
The first news about the existence of the New Siberian Islands was brought by a
346:
2351:
New data on the "Mammoth" fauna of the Laptev Shelf Land (East Siberian Arctic)
850:
The abundant bones, even skeletons, of mammoth, rhinoceros, musk-ox, and other
3895:
3864:
3685:
3680:
3344:
3305:
3267:
3185:
3058:
2943:
2938:
2837:
2612:
2592:
2577:
2517:
2477:
2467:
2437:
2416:
2330:
2284:
Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung (Reports on polar and marine research)
2118:"Vegetation and Climate of the New Siberian Islands for the past 15,000 Years"
1797:
974:
967:
855:
778:
763:
673:
653:, forming a geographical continuum with the continental plains further south.
511:
466:
455:
390:
362:
181:
2345:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 536–537.
542:
529:
212:
199:
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3876:
3655:
3432:
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3085:
3068:
2953:
2948:
2922:
2667:
1844:
851:
785:
774:
766:
751:
744:
497:: Анжу арыылара), covering a land area of about 29,000 km, consist of:
1924:
230Th/U Dating of Frozen Peat, Bol’shoy LyakhovskyIsland (Northern Siberia)
35:
1761:
Bennett Island, north coast – tundra landscape (76°44‘30‘‘N, 149°21‘19‘‘E)
3869:
3469:
3405:
3376:
3286:
3245:
3053:
3033:
2134:
1892:
894:
874:
804:
801:
782:
777:. The Anzhu Islands consist of a highly faulted and folded assemblage of
759:
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736:
705:
657:
2370: (archived December 23, 2010) - aerial photographs of these islands.
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3422:
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3122:
3117:
3046:
938:
839:
815:
770:
574:
406:
358:
2029:
L. Schirrmeister, H.-W. Hubberten, V. Rachold, and V.G. Grosse, 2005,
2017:
Environmental History of the Novosibirskie Islands for the last 12 ka.
1685:
Belkovsky Island, Thilo Bay (Anzhu Islands; 75°35’30’’N, 135°38’44’’E)
4347:
3446:
3400:
3107:
3094:
2711:
2411:
971:
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871:
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along with the mammoth ivory found in these islands are preserved by
832:
793:
354:
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because it supports breeding populations of many species of birds.
1673:
Weatherstation on Kotelny Island (Anzhu Islands; 74°38’N, 139°10’E)
4255:
4198:
4093:
3632:
2930:
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859:
835:
755:
2067:. VNIIOkeangeologia, St. Petersburg, Russia. 130 pp. (in Russian)
3227:
890:
867:
2887:
2682:
2382:
2098:
Whitley, D. G., 1910, "The Ivory Islands of the Arctic Ocean".
1990:
A Checklist of the Ground-beetles of Russia and Adjacent Lands.
458:
and have accumulated periodically over the last 200,000 years.
842:
and other bones, are found in recent beaches, drainage areas,
29:
2249:"Kotel'nyj Island (Kotelny Island) Climate Normals 1961–1990"
2030:
945:
and severe. Snow cover is present for 9 months of the year.
2310:
Quaternary Deposits of New Siberia Island (Russian Arctic).
1709:
Belkovsky Island (Anzhu Islands; 75°35’30’’N, 135°38’44’’E)
1697:
Belkovsky Island (Anzhu Islands; 75°35’30’’N, 135°38’44’’E)
700:
in the form of buried ground ice deposits are preserved on
2292:
Climate and Diet of Mammoths in the East Siberian Arctic .
2065:
New Siberian Islands. Geological structure and metallogeny
2349:
Kuznetsova, T.V., L.D. Sulerzhitsky, Ch. Siegert, 2001,
2049:
The Mammoth and Mammoth-Hunting in North-East Siberia.
2112:
2110:
2101:
Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute
2059:
2057:
1937:"Russia dispatches naval force to reopen Arctic base"
614:(228 km) lie to the north-east of Novaya Sibir.
323:
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3084:
3032:
2989:
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2229:(in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
2227:"Weather and Climate-The Climate of Kotelny Island"
485:
Location of the New Siberian Islands within Russia.
340:
293:
288:
276:
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
191:
176:
171:
82:
2005:. Quaternary International. vol. 41–42, pp. 11–15.
881:of bones, ivory, and plants, optically stimulated
2717:Islands of the East Siberian Sea (Russian Arctic)
2075:
2073:
438:. In 1886, Russian polar explorer and scientist
2253:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1773:Bennett Island, north coast – tundra landscape
921:The entire archipelago has been designated an
814:), as being made either up almost entirely of
2899:
2694:
2394:
1965:"In remotest Russian Arctic, a new Navy base"
1886:
1884:
1882:
1868:
1866:
1864:
897:of 87 mammoth tusks and bones collected from
373:, of which they are administratively a part.
311:
89:
8:
2282:Alfred Wegner institute (AWI) Publications,
2043:
2041:
150:
77:
1926:. Quaternary Research, vol. 57, pp. 253–258
454:sediments. These sediments are cemented by
104:
3996:
3090:
2906:
2892:
2884:
2701:
2687:
2679:
2417:Islands of the Laptev Sea (Russian Arctic)
2401:
2387:
2379:
2051:D. Appleton and Company: New York, 224 pp.
987:
606:(о. Семёновский) 0 km (now submerged)
126:
76:
27:Archipelago in the Extreme North of Russia
1749:anchoring in the roads at the north coast
838:occur within them. The ivory, along with
2307:Basilyan, A., and P.A. Nikolskiy, 2002,
2014:M. A. Anisimov and V. E. Tumskoy, 2002,
684:. Fragments of these ice caps remain on
660:" between Siberia and Alaska during the
480:
380:
60:of all important aspects of the article.
2079:M. K. Kos'ko and G. V. Trufanov, 2002,
1860:
1785:Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island, view of the
1663:
240:29,900 km (11,500 sq mi)
4503:Important Bird Areas of Arctic islands
4458:Archipelagoes of the East Siberian Sea
2316:Espinoza, E.O., and M.-J. Mann, 1993,
2289:Andreev, A.A., and D.M. Peteet, 1999,
2122:Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
953:in January: −28 °C to −31 °C
588:(о. Большо́й Ля́ховский) 4,600 km
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
1963:Atle Staalesen (September 17, 2013).
473:which had lain abandoned since 1993.
389:"Map of the Asian Russia", c. 1820).
7:
2301:A Frozen Ninety Foot Tall Plum Tree.
2140:Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
913:to greater than 50,000 BP (C).
594:(о. Ма́лый Ля́ховский) 1,325 km
489:The New Siberian Islands proper, or
132:Location of the New Siberian Islands
4468:Archipelagoes of the Sakha Republic
696:. Traces of former small slope and
504:(о. Коте́льный) 11,700 km and
25:
909:islands ranged from 9470±40
563:(о. Но́вая Сиби́рь) 6,200 km
510:(о. Фадде́евский) 5,300 km.
385:Map of the New Siberian Islands (
4419:
4418:
3746:West South Central United States
2710:
2410:
1814:
1800:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1666:
991:Climate data for Kotelny Island
149:
142:
34:
4463:Archipelagoes of the Laptev Sea
3966:Latin America and the Caribbean
3832:Latin America and the Caribbean
2332:"New Siberia Archipelago"
2189:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.017
1652:Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)
573:To the south and nearer to the
48:may be too short to adequately
4498:Important Bird Areas of Russia
2207:. BirdLife International. 2021
2089:. vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 901–919.
1988:Oleg Leonidovič Kryžanovskij,
1830:Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane
58:provide an accessible overview
1:
4493:Uninhabited islands of Russia
163:New Siberian Islands (Russia)
3428:Middle East and North Africa
3133:Middle East and North Africa
2508:Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands
2327:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch
2124:, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 56–66.
2086:Marine and Petroleum Geology
885:of enclosing sediments, and
569:(о. Бельковский) 500 km
341:
1250:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1110:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
600:(о. Столбово́й) 170 km
401:were considered separately.
324:
4519:
3721:Northeastern United States
2201:"Novosibirski archipelago"
2181:Quaternary Science Reviews
2152:von Toll, Baron E., 1895,
1651:
1646:
990:
963:: up to 132 mm a year
393:was not discovered yet so
333:
105:
4414:
2763:Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island
2723:
2423:
1922:Schirrmeister, L., 2002,
1909:Romanovsky, N. N., 1958,
1872:Markham, Albert Hastings
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1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
877:as they accumulated. The
312:
265:
248:374 m (1227 ft)
137:
125:
90:
4207:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
3206:Transantarctic Mountains
1647:Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net
592:Little Lyakhovsky Island
371:Sakha (Yakutia) Republic
3956:Caribbean South America
2342:Encyclopædia Britannica
2169:. vol. 69, pp. 163–167.
2001:Alekseev, M. N., 1997,
1900:. vol. 33, pp. 319–348.
586:Great Lyakhovsky Island
461:In September 2014, the
415:Great Lyakhovsky Island
3731:Southern United States
3534:Scandinavian Peninsula
2798:Maly Lyakhovsky Island
2463:Bulgunnyakhtakh-Belkey
2143:. vol. 13, pp. 91–105.
2104:. vol. XLII, pp. 35–57
927:BirdLife International
887:uranium-thorium dating
486:
402:
357:, to the north of the
325:Novosibirskiye Ostrova
313:Новосиби́рские Oстрова
245:Highest elevation
91:Новосиби́рские Oстрова
4483:Palearctic ecoregions
4212:Antarctic Convergence
3751:Western United States
651:East Siberian Lowland
484:
387:Philippe Vandermaelen
384:
4473:Ecoregions of Russia
4453:New Siberian Islands
3273:Greater Central Asia
2813:New Siberian Islands
2758:Glavsevmorput Island
2563:New Siberian Islands
2374:Location of Nanosnyy
2364:New Siberian Islands
2298:Babinski, E.T., nd,
1040:Record high °C (°F)
977:and numerous lakes.
829:Baron Eduard V. Toll
731:ranging in age from
662:Last Glacial Maximum
579:Lyakhovskiye Islands
342:Saŋa Sibiir Arıılara
334:Саҥа Сибиир Aрыылара
308:New Siberian Islands
232:New Siberian Islands
157:New Siberian Islands
106:Саҥа Сибиир Aрыылара
78:New Siberian Islands
4424:Continents of Earth
3951:Brazilian Highlands
3355:Indian subcontinent
3216:Antarctic Peninsula
3014:Southern Hemisphere
3009:Northern Hemisphere
2743:Bolshoy Fedorovskiy
2603:Saint Peter Islands
2598:Saint Andrew Island
1787:Kigilyakh Peninsula
1508:Average snowy days
1464:Average rainy days
1320:Record low °C (°F)
1180:Daily mean °C (°F)
923:Important Bird Area
917:Important Bird Area
883:luminescence dating
539: /
426:Matvei Gedenschtrom
209: /
79:
18:New Siberia Islands
4478:Islands of Siberia
4239:Great Barrier Reef
3860:Mainland Australia
3024:Western Hemisphere
2999:Eastern Hemisphere
2783:Kolesovskaya Otmel
2533:Lyakhovsky Islands
2518:Lena Delta Islands
2498:Bolshoy Lyakhovsky
2205:BirdLife Data Zone
1874:Arctic Exploration
879:radiocarbon dating
604:Semyonovsky Island
543:76.283°N 140.416°E
508:Faddeyevsky Island
487:
403:
395:Faddeyevsky Island
361:coast between the
269:Russian Federation
253:Highest point
213:75.267°N 145.250°E
4488:Tundra ecoregions
4440:
4439:
4320:Mediterranean Rim
4193:
4192:
4132:Mediterranean Sea
3986:
3985:
3939:Amazon Rainforest
3761:Canadian Prairies
3726:Pacific Northwest
3587:Iberian Peninsula
3563:Italian Peninsula
3372:Arabian Peninsula
3199:Antarctic Plateau
2959:Three/Four Worlds
2881:
2880:
2803:Medvezhyi Islands
2778:Kolesovsky Island
2676:
2675:
2668:Zalivnyye Islands
2653:Vilkitsky Islands
2633:Shelonsky Islands
2047:Digby, B., 1926,
1745:Bennett Island –
1656:
1655:
1554:relative humidity
741:metamorphic rocks
670:East Siberian Sea
639:(о. Вильки́цкого)
581:(6,095 km):
577:mainland lie the
465:re-established a
367:East Siberian Sea
339:
322:
304:
303:
186:East Siberian Sea
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
4510:
4422:
4421:
4401:Global Southwest
4396:Global Southeast
4386:Global Northwest
4381:Global Northeast
4371:Global Heartland
4315:Indian Ocean Rim
3997:
3889:Island Melanesia
3575:Balkan Peninsula
3350:Himalayan states
3297:Russian Far East
3091:
3019:Water Hemisphere
2908:
2901:
2894:
2885:
2793:Krestovyy Island
2773:Jeannette Island
2768:Henrietta Island
2715:
2714:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2680:
2628:Severnaya Zemlya
2613:Samakh Ary Dyete
2453:Bolshoy Begichev
2443:Belkovsky Island
2415:
2414:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2380:
2346:
2334:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2245:
2239:
2238:
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2234:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2197:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2163:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2131:
2125:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2090:
2077:
2068:
2061:
2052:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2021:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1969:Barents Observer
1960:
1954:
1953:
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1949:
1933:
1927:
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1914:
1907:
1901:
1888:
1877:
1870:
1824:
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1818:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1670:
988:
637:Vilkitsky Island
625:Henrietta Island
619:Jeannette Island
598:Stolbovoy Island
567:Belkovsky Island
554:
553:
551:
550:
549:
544:
540:
537:
536:
535:
532:
524:Nanosnyy Island
452:Late Pleistocene
444:Zemlya Sannikova
430:Zemlya Sannikova
344:
338:romanized:
337:
335:
327:
317:
315:
314:
224:
223:
221:
220:
219:
214:
210:
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206:
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116:
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80:
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61:
38:
30:
21:
4518:
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4513:
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4509:
4508:
4507:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4410:
4352:
4329:
4296:
4260:
4189:
4178:South China Sea
4087:
4030:Central America
3982:
3915:
3836:
3788:Northern Mexico
3776:Northern Canada
3756:Atlantic Canada
3711:Mountain states
3637:
3492:European Russia
3485:Southern Russia
3441:
3394:Iranian Plateau
3222:
3211:West Antarctica
3194:East Antarctica
3180:
3080:
3028:
3004:Land Hemisphere
2985:
2925:
2912:
2882:
2877:
2753:De Long Islands
2719:
2709:
2707:
2677:
2672:
2528:Maly Lyakhovsky
2419:
2409:
2407:
2368:Wayback Machine
2360:
2325:
2279:
2277:Further reading
2267:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2147:
2132:
2128:
2115:
2108:
2097:
2093:
2078:
2071:
2062:
2055:
2046:
2039:
2028:
2024:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1942:Daily Telegraph
1935:
1934:
1930:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1904:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1840:List of islands
1835:Lomonosov Ridge
1820:
1815:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1783:
1774:
1771:
1762:
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1199:
1194:
1189:
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1119:
1114:
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1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
935:
919:
825:
714:
698:cirque glaciers
694:Bennett Islands
682:De Long Islands
627:(о. Генрие́тты)
612:De Long Islands
556:
548:76.283; 140.416
547:
545:
541:
538:
533:
530:
528:
526:
525:
493:(острова Анжу,
479:
411:Yakov Permyakov
379:
278:Federal subject
272:
218:75.267; 145.250
217:
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55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4514:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
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4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4445:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4432:Physical Earth
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4271:
4269:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4244:Mariana Trench
4241:
4231:
4226:
4224:Atlantic Ocean
4221:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4203:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4185:Southern Ocean
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4173:East China Sea
4165:
4164:
4163:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4107:Atlantic Ocean
4104:
4098:
4096:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4068:
4067:
4066:
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4027:
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4004:
3994:
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3978:
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3948:
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3942:
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3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3911:Remote Oceania
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3781:Western Canada
3778:
3773:
3771:Eastern Canada
3768:
3766:Central Canada
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
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3668:
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3653:
3647:
3645:
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3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3550:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3480:South Caucasus
3477:
3475:North Caucasus
3467:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3382:South Caucasus
3374:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3251:Aralkum Desert
3248:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3149:
3139:
3138:
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3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3042:Africa-Eurasia
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2873:Zhokhov Island
2870:
2868:Wrangel Island
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2828:Routan Islands
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2738:Bennett Island
2735:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2648:Vos'mogo Marta
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:Preobrazheniya
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Maliy Begichev
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:Faddey Islands
2490:
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2465:
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2420:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2359:
2358:External links
2356:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2337:Chisholm, Hugh
2323:
2314:
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2296:
2287:
2278:
2275:
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2265:
2240:
2218:
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2171:
2167:Polarforschung
2158:
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2126:
2106:
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2069:
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2022:
2007:
1994:
1981:
1955:
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1811:
1808:Siberia portal
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1602:sunshine hours
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934:
931:
918:
915:
889:of associated
844:river terraces
824:
823:Ivory deposits
821:
812:Wrangel Island
713:
710:
702:Zhokhov Island
647:
646:
643:Zhokhov Island
640:
634:
633:(о. Бе́ннетта)
631:Bennett Island
628:
622:
621:(о. Жанне́тты)
608:
607:
601:
595:
589:
571:
570:
564:
558:
522:
521:
520:
519:
518:
502:Kotelny Island
478:
475:
471:Kotelny Island
469:naval base on
422:Yakov Sannikov
399:Kotelny Island
378:
375:
310:(Russian:
302:
301:
299:Kotelny Island
297:250 (2017) on
295:
291:
290:
286:
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283:Sakha Republic
280:
274:
273:
266:
263:
262:
261:Administration
258:
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83:
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72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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4263:
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4235:
4234:Pacific Ocean
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4168:Pacific Ocean
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4122:Caribbean Sea
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4064:by population
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4037:South America
4035:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4020:North America
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3971:Southern Cone
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
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3946:Andean States
3944:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3927:
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3924:
3922:
3921:South America
3918:
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3899:
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3643:North America
3640:
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3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
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3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Low Countries
3604:
3602:
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3594:
3588:
3585:
3584:
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3582:South-western
3580:
3576:
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3572:
3571:
3570:South-eastern
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Mediterranean
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
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3532:
3531:
3530:
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3522:
3520:
3517:
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3514:British Isles
3512:
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3411:Levantine Sea
3409:
3407:
3404:
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3402:
3399:
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3387:
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3134:
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3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
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3110:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Mediterranean
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3075:
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3070:
3067:
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3052:
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3020:
3017:
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3007:
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2728:Anzhu Islands
2726:
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2722:
2718:
2713:
2704:
2699:
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2690:
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2638:Starokadomsky
2636:
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2483:Dunay Islands
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Chychas-Aryta
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
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2441:
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2436:
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2433:Anzhu Islands
2431:
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2426:
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2422:
2418:
2413:
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2019:
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1822:Russia portal
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1747:M/S Hanseatic
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1660:Photo gallery
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1600:Mean monthly
1598:
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1396:
1393:
1392:precipitation
1388:
1382:
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1362:
1357:
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1047:
1042:
1038:
994:
989:
985:
982:
978:
976:
973:
969:
962:
961:Precipitation
959:
955:
952:
948:
947:
946:
944:
940:
932:
930:
928:
924:
916:
914:
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817:
813:
808:
806:
803:
799:
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791:
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
769:; Cretaceous
768:
765:
761:
757:
753:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:igneous rocks
726:
723:
719:
711:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
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523:
516:
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498:
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492:
491:Anzhu Islands
483:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
447:
445:
441:
437:
436:
435:Sannikov Land
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
376:
374:
372:
369:north of the
368:
364:
360:
359:East Siberian
356:
352:
351:Extreme North
348:
343:
331:
326:
320:
309:
300:
296:
292:
287:
284:
281:
279:
275:
271:
270:
264:
259:
256:Malakatyn Tas
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
145:
136:
129:
124:
114:
103:
99:
88:
87:
84:Native name:
81:
69:
66:November 2020
59:
53:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4430: /
4428:List of seas
4426: /
4391:Global South
4376:Global North
4310:Atlantic Rim
4249:Ring of Fire
4229:Indian Ocean
4219:Arctic Ocean
4161:Persian Gulf
4156:Indian Ocean
4137:Adriatic Sea
4102:Arctic Ocean
3934:Amazon Basin
3929:Amazon Plain
3901:Near Oceania
3701:Mid-Atlantic
3651:Aridoamerica
3611:Northwestern
3524:Northwestern
3497:Southeastern
3389:Greater Iran
3328:Southeastern
3323:Pacific Asia
3292:Pacific Asia
3280:Northeastern
3236:Asia–Pacific
2979:Fourth World
2969:Second World
2818:Novaya Sibir
2812:
2562:
2557:
2538:Makar Island
2488:Dzhyangylakh
2340:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2256:. Retrieved
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2204:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2138:
2129:
2121:
2100:
2094:
2084:
2064:
2048:
2031:
2025:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1968:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1905:
1897:
1891:
1873:
1746:
1394:mm (inches)
983:
979:
966:
936:
920:
864:solifluction
849:
827:As noted by
826:
809:
715:
666:Arctic Ocean
655:
648:
645:(о. Жо́хова)
609:
572:
561:Novaya Sibir
488:
463:Russian Navy
460:
448:
443:
433:
429:
419:
404:
307:
305:
289:Demographics
267:
180:between the
63:
47:
45:lead section
4406:Global West
4366:Global East
4325:Pacific Rim
4267:waterbodies
4256:World Ocean
4081:New Zealand
3961:The Guianas
3850:Australasia
3793:West Indies
3716:New England
3696:Great Lakes
3666:Mesoamerica
3553:Middle East
3529:Scandinavia
3418:Middle East
3256:Caspian Sea
3162:Great Lakes
3142:Sub-Saharan
3128:Middle East
2991:Hemispheres
2974:Third World
2964:First World
2917:'s primary
2733:Ayon Island
2623:Semyonovsky
2588:Psov Island
2548:Maly Taymyr
2503:Komsomolets
2438:Arangastakh
2258:27 February
2233:27 February
2211:29 November
1948:7 September
1850:Genesis 2.0
951:temperature
907:New Siberia
798:Pleistocene
733:Precambrian
725:sedimentary
678:rain shadow
546: /
534:140°24′58″E
440:Eduard Toll
420:In 1809–10
347:archipelago
229:Archipelago
216: /
192:Coordinates
4447:Categories
4147:Ionian Sea
4142:Aegean Sea
4112:Baltic Sea
4044:Antarctica
3896:Micronesia
3865:New Guinea
3823:Portuguese
3741:West Coast
3691:East Coast
3686:Bible Belt
3681:Appalachia
3360:Subregions
3268:Inner Asia
3186:Antarctica
3086:Continents
3059:Antarctica
3034:Landmasses
2944:Down Under
2939:Arab World
2923:subregions
2848:Uparovskiy
2838:Shalaurova
2833:Ryyanranot
2808:Mikhalkino
2428:Aerosyomki
1856:References
975:vegetation
968:Permafrost
899:Faddeevsky
856:permafrost
786:limestones
779:Ordovician
775:ophiolites
767:turbidites
764:Cretaceous
752:sandstones
674:Laptev Sea
610:The small
531:76°16′59″N
512:Bunge Land
467:Soviet era
456:permafrost
391:Bunge Land
363:Laptev Sea
294:Population
182:Laptev Sea
4343:Antarctic
4127:Irish Sea
4117:Black Sea
4076:Australia
4025:Caribbean
4002:continent
3976:Patagonia
3906:Polynesia
3884:Melanesia
3877:Zealandia
3855:Australia
3736:Southwest
3656:Caribbean
3433:Near East
3074:submerged
3069:Zealandia
3064:Australia
2954:Old World
2949:New World
2858:Vilkitsky
2843:Sukhornyy
2748:Chengkuul
2643:Stolbovoy
2618:Samolyota
2578:Petrushka
2478:Dallalakh
2473:Daldalakh
2448:Bolshevik
2271:Locations
1845:Kigilyakh
925:(IBA) by
875:sediments
852:megafauna
805:sediments
790:dolomites
762:to lower
745:Paleozoic
690:Henrietta
686:Jeannette
477:Geography
345:) are an
319:romanized
172:Geography
50:summarize
3870:Tasmania
3818:Hispanic
3676:Northern
3623:Germanic
3601:Atlantic
3543:Southern
3504:Northern
3470:Caucasus
3406:Dead Sea
3377:Caucasus
3345:Southern
3338:Maritime
3333:Mainland
3306:Northern
3287:Far East
3246:Aral Sea
3169:Southern
3113:Northern
2863:Vkhodnoy
2853:Usun Ary
2593:Sagastyr
2573:Peschany
2568:Orto Ary
2558:Nanosnyy
2553:Muostakh
2458:Brusneva
2329:(1911).
1974:June 17,
1794:See also
1552:Average
1390:Average
1385:(−57.8)
1380:(−49.0)
1375:(−40.4)
1370:(−40.4)
1345:(−19.5)
1340:(−51.2)
1335:(−51.0)
1330:(−57.8)
1325:(−48.8)
1310:(−22.5)
1305:(−12.6)
1270:(−11.6)
1265:(−23.6)
1260:(−27.2)
1255:(−26.7)
1240:(−16.6)
1195:(−17.5)
1190:(−21.5)
1185:(−20.7)
1170:(−10.8)
1125:(−11.6)
1120:(−15.5)
1115:(−15.0)
949:Average
903:Kotelniy
895:collagen
802:Holocene
783:Devonian
771:granites
760:Jurassic
749:Triassic
743:; upper
737:Pliocene
706:Holocene
658:Beringia
575:Siberian
365:and the
204:145°15′E
177:Location
4071:Oceania
4059:by area
4015:America
3992:Islands
3842:Oceania
3706:Midwest
3661:Central
3628:Romance
3596:Western
3465:Balkans
3460:Eastern
3455:Central
3423:Mashriq
3367:Western
3311:Siberia
3263:Eastern
3241:Central
3174:Western
3147:Central
3123:Mashriq
3118:Maghreb
3108:Saharan
3054:America
3047:Eurasia
2919:regions
2823:Ploskiy
2788:Kotelny
2523:Leykina
2513:Kotelny
2366:at the
2339:(ed.).
1365:(−1.5)
1360:(15.4)
1355:(21.2)
1295:(26.6)
1290:(32.4)
1285:(33.1)
1280:(28.2)
1275:(11.5)
1235:(−6.7)
1230:(12.7)
1225:(29.8)
1220:(35.8)
1215:(37.2)
1210:(31.3)
1205:(16.5)
1200:(−4.5)
1175:(11.3)
1165:(−0.8)
1160:(17.4)
1155:(32.5)
1150:(39.7)
1145:(42.3)
1140:(34.5)
1135:(20.8)
1105:(77.2)
1100:(26.4)
1095:(27.5)
1090:(35.2)
1085:(53.2)
1080:(68.4)
1075:(77.2)
1070:(72.9)
1065:(43.2)
1060:(32.5)
1055:(23.4)
1050:(26.1)
1045:(19.0)
939:climate
933:Climate
840:mammoth
816:mammoth
722:faulted
712:Geology
407:Cossack
377:History
349:in the
201:75°16′N
98:Russian
4358:Global
4348:Arctic
4287:Rivers
4265:Other
4199:Oceans
4054:Europe
4010:Africa
3803:French
3671:Middle
3633:Slavic
3618:Celtic
3519:Nordic
3509:Baltic
3447:Europe
3401:Levant
3095:Africa
2931:Worlds
2608:Salkay
1898:Boreas
1876:, 1895
1642:1,138
1459:(6.1)
1454:(0.3)
1449:(0.3)
1444:(0.6)
1439:(0.9)
1434:(0.9)
1429:(1.0)
1424:(0.7)
1419:(0.4)
1414:(0.3)
1409:(0.2)
1404:(0.2)
1399:(0.3)
1350:(5.2)
1315:(1.2)
1300:(7.3)
1245:(6.3)
1130:(1.6)
996:Month
972:tundra
943:arctic
905:, and
872:stream
870:, and
833:fossil
794:basalt
773:; and
756:shales
718:folded
692:, and
672:, and
355:Russia
109:
94:
4335:Polar
4280:lists
4275:Lakes
4094:ocean
3813:Ibero
3808:Latin
3798:Anglo
3558:Italy
2915:Earth
2658:Yarok
2335:. In
1992:p. 16
1383:−49.9
1378:−45.0
1373:−40.2
1368:−40.2
1363:−18.6
1348:−14.9
1343:−28.6
1338:−46.2
1333:−46.1
1328:−49.9
1323:−44.9
1313:−17.1
1308:−30.3
1303:−24.8
1298:−13.7
1273:−11.4
1268:−24.2
1263:−30.9
1258:−32.9
1253:−32.6
1243:−14.3
1238:−27.0
1233:−21.5
1228:−10.7
1198:−20.3
1193:−27.5
1188:−29.7
1183:−29.3
1173:−11.5
1168:−23.8
1163:−18.2
1128:−16.9
1123:−24.2
1118:−26.4
1113:−26.1
1035:Year
891:peats
860:loess
836:ivory
495:Sakha
330:Yakut
113:Yakut
4292:Seas
4049:Asia
3316:Ural
3228:Asia
3157:Horn
3152:East
2921:and
2663:Yaya
2260:2016
2235:2016
2213:2021
1976:2020
1950:2014
1627:100
1624:168
1621:178
1618:197
1615:283
1612:147
1556:(%)
1547:201
1494:0.4
1476:0.1
1358:−9.2
1353:−6.0
1293:−3.0
1278:−2.1
1223:−1.2
1208:−0.4
1203:−8.6
1158:−8.1
1133:−6.2
1103:25.1
1098:−3.1
1093:−2.5
1083:11.8
1078:20.2
1073:25.1
1068:22.7
1053:−4.8
1048:−3.3
1043:−7.2
1032:Dec
1029:Nov
1026:Oct
1023:Sep
1020:Aug
1017:Jul
1014:Jun
1011:May
1008:Apr
1005:Mar
1002:Feb
999:Jan
937:The
868:pond
800:and
754:and
727:and
720:and
424:and
397:and
306:The
237:Area
184:and
4302:Rim
4092:By
4000:By
2185:doi
1633:14
1630:44
1595:86
1592:82
1589:84
1586:88
1583:90
1580:91
1577:90
1574:90
1571:87
1568:83
1565:82
1562:82
1559:82
1544:16
1541:18
1538:26
1535:22
1532:11
1526:16
1523:22
1520:15
1517:16
1514:16
1511:15
1503:49
1488:15
1485:15
1457:154
1288:0.2
1283:0.6
1218:2.1
1213:2.9
1153:0.3
1148:4.3
1143:5.7
1138:1.4
1088:1.8
1063:6.2
1058:0.3
941:is
781:to
747:to
735:to
432:or
353:of
4449::
2251:.
2203:.
2183:.
2137:.
2120:.
2109:^
2083:.
2072:^
2056:^
2040:^
1967:.
1939:.
1896:,
1881:^
1863:^
1639:0
1636:0
1609:7
1606:0
1529:8
1500:0
1497:0
1491:9
1482:8
1479:1
1473:0
1470:0
1467:0
1442:16
1437:23
1432:23
1427:26
1422:17
911:BP
901:,
866:,
862:,
788:,
758:;
708:.
688:,
668:,
446:.
417:.
409:,
336:,
332::
328:;
316:,
2907:e
2900:t
2893:v
2702:e
2695:t
2688:v
2402:e
2395:t
2388:v
2262:.
2237:.
2215:.
2187::
1978:.
1952:.
1452:7
1447:7
1417:9
1412:8
1407:6
1402:5
1397:7
321::
115:)
111:(
100:)
96:(
68:)
64:(
54:.
20:)
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