386:
618:, but they are not detailed enough to fully provide for a comprehensive system of appellate procedure. Prior to September 2018, and unlike other states that have statewide rules of appellate procedure, there was no set of appellate procedure rules shared by all four departments beyond the rudimentary set in the CPLR. Instead, each of the four departments filled in the CPLR's gaps by promulgating its own individual set of rules governing more specific details of practice before that court. The result was considerable diversity in appellate procedure between the four departments, which extended to matters as basic as the form and formatting of appellate briefs, the deadline to perfect an appeal after filing of the notice of appeal, appellate motions, and oral argument.
252:
362:
343:
49:
314:
issue, then the lower courts in each departmental area must follow the ruling made by their respective department. This can sometimes result in the same law being applied differently in different departments. When this occurs, the highest court in the state, the Court of
Appeals, can remedy the situation by hearing the case and issuing a single ruling, which is then binding on every court in the state. Every opinion, memorandum, and motion of the Appellate Division sent to the
641:. In some cases, an appeal lies of right, but in most cases, permission (or "leave") to appeal must be obtained, either from the Appellate Division itself or from the Court of Appeals. In civil cases, the Appellate Division panel or Court of Appeals votes on petitions for leave to appeal; in most criminal cases, however, the petition for leave to appeal is referred to a single Justice or Judge, whose decision whether to grant or deny leave is final.
378:
174:
2060:
629:. In June 2018, the Presiding Justices of the Appellate Division promulgated statewide Practice Rules of the Appellate Division, which became effective in September 2018 and are codified outside of the CPLR in 22 N.Y.C.R.R. Part 1250. The four departments retain the ability to supplement and even supersede the uniform rules by promulgating rules of their own.
659:
Justice and a majority of the total number of justices are to reside within the department. They serve at least five years, or until the completion of their 14-year elected terms, or reaching the constitutional age limit of 70, beyond which the governor may choose to reappoint them for up to three two-year terms.
658:
Justices of the
Appellate Division are chosen by the Governor from among those elected to the State Supreme Court. A justice does not have to have been elected from one of the judicial districts within a department to be appointed to the Appellate Division for that department, although the Presiding
675:
by one of the
Appellate Division departments rather than by New York's highest court, the Court of Appeals, though once admitted to any of the Appellate Division departments, such attorney is admitted to practice and appear before all non-federal courts in the state, including the Court of Appeals.
309:
as conferred by law. In contrast, both the New York Court of
Appeals and the Appellate Division, when it sits as a final appeals court with respect to appeals arising from decisions of the Appellate Terms in the First and Second Departments, generally may only decide questions of law. The Appellate
649:
To keep caseloads under control, most
Appellate Division opinions are extremely concise. Often, an Appellate Division panel will dispose of an entire case in only two paragraphs, with the second paragraph stating: "We have considered plaintiff's (or defendant's) remaining contentions and find them
594:
Each department also has a Mental
Hygiene Legal Service (MHLS) program. Since its creation by statute in 1964 as the Mental Health Information Service, the MHLS has served as the watchdog of the rights of the institutionalized mentally disabled in New York and has been recognized by the courts as
313:
Decisions of the
Appellate Division departments are binding on the lower courts in that department, and also on lower courts in other departments unless there is contrary authority from the Appellate Division of that department. If two different departments have made different rulings on the same
662:
The State
Constitution provides that the First and Second Department are each to comprise seven justices, and the Third and Fourth departments five justices. In addition to these "constitutional" justices, the presiding justice of each department may ask the Governor to designate "additional
715:), and rules adopted by each department of the Appellate Division. Each department of the Appellate Division has a committee that investigates complaints of attorney misconduct and may issue reprimands or recommend censure, suspension, or disbarment to the Appellate Division.
193:. The state is geographically divided into four judicial departments of the Appellate Division. The full title of each is, using the "Fourth Department" as an example, the "Supreme Court of the State of New York, Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department".
1748:
590:
The
Appellate Division regulates the panels of attorneys that represent children in family law proceedings in the appellate, Supreme, Family and Criminal Courts, and each department has an Office for Attorneys for Children (Originally named Law
663:
justices" where needed based on the court's workload. At present, for example, the First
Department comprises 20 justices in total when there are no vacancies. The qualifications for additional Justices are the same as for other justices.
310:
Division may adjudicate facts subject to specific constraints in the course of initial review of agency decisions under New York's CPLR Article 78, which provides for limited court review or agency and corporate decisions.
578:, as the king's delegate to exercise the Crown's special jurisdiction, had responsibility for the custody and protection of infants and the mentally incapacitated. Revisions to the constitution in 1847 abolished the
427:
273:
76:
72:
598:
Court Examiners are designated by each department to ascertain whether guardians appointed pursuant to the Mental Hygiene Law have complied with the order of appointment and have performed the duties specified.
400:
265:
68:
561:
Each department has Attorney Grievance Committees that investigates complaints of attorney misconduct and may issue reprimands or recommend censure, suspension, or disbarment to the Appellate Division.
1797:
712:
248:
of right from nearly every order and decision of the trial court, meaning that most may be appealed to the appropriate appellate department while the case is still pending in the trial court.
385:
237:
criminal cases. In addition, in civil cases it may hear appeals from the appellate terms of the Supreme Court when these courts have heard appeals from one of the lower trial courts.
1384:
2137:
2127:
707:
adopted by the New York State Bar Association, and the relevant rules of the respective Appellate Division departments. Attorneys are regulated by various state laws, the
681:
160:
2152:
1790:
2147:
676:
Applicants must be interviewed in person by a member of the court's "Character and Fitness Committee" after passing the New York State Bar Exam (since July 2016, the
746:
554:
In addition to hearing appeals in matters of law and equity, the Appellate Division regulates the admission of lawyers to the Bar and their conduct and discipline.
346:
1630:
1355:
1176:
2044:
751:
1954:
1783:
741:
305:
with respect to its power to hear first appeals from state trial courts, including the Supreme Court and County Courts. These trial level courts exercise
173:
595:
essential to the state's statutory "protective shield of checks and balances" governing the admission, transfer and retention of psychiatric patients.
688:. Applicants are admitted in the department in which they reside; applicants residing outside New York are admitted through the Third Department in
650:
unavailing." In contrast, courts in most other states traditionally devote a few more paragraphs to disposing of the other "remaining contentions."
1516:
2132:
153:
1752:
1608:
905:
615:
1874:
2017:
1438:, 22 N.Y.C.R.R. 670.1(a) (observing that the Second Department's rules "control when practicing within the Second Judicial Department")
1992:
1909:
1670:
607:
Each case is decided by a panel of five, or in some instances four, justices of the Court. There is no procedure for the Court to sit
251:
1864:
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2004:
1979:
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1969:
1997:
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1639:
1626:
1185:
1172:
622:
558:
Each department has a Character and Fitness Committee, whose members interview applicants in person for admission to the bar.
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38:
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483:
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330:
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2012:
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638:
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101:
58:
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463:
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95:
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1984:
1949:
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1600:
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471:
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110:
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1879:
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497:, includes an area extending from the territory of the Second Department north to New York's borders with
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90:
82:
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532:, covers the remainder of the state west of the Third Department's territory, and includes the cities of
2029:
1894:
736:
306:
214:
134:
48:
1272:
518:
245:
1629:
Committee on Legal Education and Admission to the Bar; NYSBA Membership Committee (September 2012).
1175:
Committee on Legal Education and Admission to the Bar; NYSBA Membership Committee (September 2012).
537:
529:
1454:
895:
522:
1152:"Part 520 - Rules of the Court of Appeals for the Admission of Attorneys and Counselors at Law"
1654:
1614:
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494:
302:
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540:, and Syracuse. Hon. Gerald J. Whalen has been the Presiding Justice since January 7, 2016.
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17:
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1704:
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848:
828:
575:
416:
298:
241:
186:
1741:
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1333:
1127:
506:
487:
420:
202:
190:
1392:
Leaveworthy: The Newsletter of the NYSBA Committee on Courts of Appellate Jurisdiction
1260:
771:
637:
Decisions by the Appellate Division may be appealed to the state's highest court, the
2121:
2087:
1512:
727:
of 1894 to succeed the General Term of the Supreme Court, effective January 1, 1896.
626:
447:
370:
354:
1731:
881:
233:
cases, and, in the Third and Fourth Judicial Departments, from the county courts in
2099:
2095:
2091:
1736:
1632:
The Practice of Law in New York State: An Introduction For Newly-Admitted Attorneys
1290:
1178:
The Practice of Law in New York State: An Introduction For Newly-Admitted Attorneys
412:
230:
2059:
1097:
796:
625:, and the NYSBA's recommendations for reform came to the attention of Chief Judge
1757:
1151:
1048:
1012:
1531:
510:
455:
821:
525:. Hon. Elizabeth A. Garry has been the Presiding Justice since January 1, 2018.
1674:
571:
1298:
976:
1766:
1562:
672:
408:
404:
350:
1658:
614:
Some basic rules governing appeals are found in Articles 55 and 57 of the
2071:
443:
431:
366:
177:
The four departments of the Appellate Division have a common seal design.
1689:
1385:"New Unified, But Not Uniform, Practice Rules of the Appellate Division"
2107:
2103:
2083:
1278:
Laws of the State of New York Passed at the Sessions of the Legislature
608:
498:
1724:
1714:
1709:
502:
439:
435:
234:
328:. Opinions of the appellate terms are published selectively in the
2079:
1618:
1554:
384:
376:
360:
341:
250:
172:
486:
counties. This department is the largest by population. Justice
423:
has been the department's Presiding Justice since June 21, 2023.
201:
The Appellate Division primarily hears appeals from the state's
183:
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
1779:
1719:
1690:"The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York"
1114:
1084:
1450:"New York to Adopt a Uniform Bar Exam Used in 15 Other States"
894:
Birnbaum, Edward L.; Belen, Ariel E.; Grasso, Carl T. (2012).
2058:
1417:
Newman, Thomas R.; Ahmuty, Steven J. Jr. (6 November 2018).
959:
957:
621:
During the 2010s, this problem was studied at length by the
1448:
Clifford, Stephanie; McKinley, James C. Jr. (May 5, 2015).
1303:
Chapter 789, enacted 1 August 1985, effective 1 April 1986.
373:, home of the Second Department of the Appellate Division
1212:"Sporza v. German Savings Bank, 84 N.E. 406, 192 N.Y. 8"
357:, home of the First Department of the Appellate Division
1513:"New Attorney Rules of Professional Conduct Announced"
1539:(3rd ed.). Wm. S. Hein Publishing. p. 138.
1234:"Rules of the Appellate Division Fourth Department"
927:, 102 A.D.2d 663, 476 N.Y.S.2d 918 (2d Dept. 1984).
939:, 102 A.D.2d 663, 476 N.Y.S.2d 918 (2d Dept. 1984)
682:Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination
490:has been the Presiding Justice since May 25, 2021.
1062:"Appellate Division - Second Judicial Department"
900:(6th ed.). James Publishing. pp. 1–23.
772:"Appellate Division - Second Judicial Department"
1026:"Appellate Division - First Judicial Department"
1475:
1356:"Guide To Becoming A Guardian Without A Lawyer"
1334:"See, Fhagen v. Miller, 29 NY2d 348, 355 (1972"
860:
747:Appellate Division Courthouse of New York State
521:. This territory extends nearly as far west as
347:Appellate Division Courthouse of New York State
1419:"New Practice Rules of the Appellate Division"
797:"The Courts, General Info - N.Y. State Courts"
752:New York State Courts Electronic Filing System
1791:
154:
8:
1593:Galie, Peter J.; Bopst, Christopher (2012).
1315:New York State bill jackets - L-1985-CH-0789
822:https://www.dos.ny.gov/info/constitution.htm
742:Judicial Conference of the State of New York
2138:State appellate courts of the United States
1530:Gibson, Ellen M.; Manz, William H. (2004).
257:New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
2128:New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
2110:do not have intermediate appellate courts.
1798:
1784:
1776:
1499:
1487:
1378:
1376:
1198:
1000:
963:
948:
923:, 66 N.Y.2d 473, 497 N.Y.S.2d 890 (1985);
849:NY Courts website Appellate Divisions page
723:The Appellate Division was created by the
566:Protection of minors and the incapacitated
161:
147:
29:
1742:Second Judicial Department Appellate Term
1273:"An Act to amend the mental hygiene law…"
2153:Courts and tribunals established in 1896
1737:First Judicial Department Appellate Term
2148:1896 establishments in New York (state)
1705:Appellate Division of the Supreme Court
1517:New York Office of Court Administration
882:"An Overview of the Appellate Division"
763:
713:ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct
671:Attorneys are admitted to the New York
37:
1650:The Constitutional History of New York
1533:Gibson's New York Legal Research Guide
1098:"Presiding Justice Elizabeth A. Garry"
820:New York State Const., Art. VI, § 4.
795:System, New York State Unified Court.
1753:New York Codes, Rules and Regulations
1115:NY Courts website 4th Department page
1013:NY Courts website 1st Department page
686:New York State Board of Law Examiners
616:New York Civil Practice Law and Rules
505:, and includes the cities of Albany,
7:
1085:NY Courts website 3d Department page
1049:NY Courts website 2d Department page
884:on the New York State Courts website
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
1762:New York State Law Reporting Bureau
1653:. Lawyers Co-operative Publishing.
981:New York State Law Reporting Bureau
937:Mountain View Coach Lines v. Storms
925:Mountain View Coach Lines v. Storms
633:Appeals from the Appellate Division
322:is required to be published in the
320:New York State Law Reporting Bureau
1671:New York State Department of State
255:Map of the four departments of the
27:Courts in the US state of New York
25:
1767:New York Official Reports Service
921:Duffy v. Horton Memorial Hospital
582:and transferred this role to the
528:The Fourth Department, seated in
697:Rules Governing Judicial Conduct
493:The Third Department, seated in
297:The Appellate Division may make
47:
1596:The New York State Constitution
1383:Hartman, Denise (Winter 2019).
550:Attorneys and Counselors at Law
365:The Monroe Place Courthouse in
1640:New York State Bar Association
1186:New York State Bar Association
623:New York State Bar Association
1:
2133:New York (state) state courts
1758:New York Slip Opinion Service
1667:"New York State Constitution"
709:Rules of Professional Conduct
1647:Lincoln, Charles Z. (1906).
977:"About the Official Reports"
695:Judges are regulated by the
667:Administration of the courts
389:Rochester, Fourth Department
229:cases, the Supreme Court in
725:New York State Constitution
18:New York Appellate Division
2169:
1725:Fourth Judicial Department
1715:Second Judicial Department
1051:. Accessed June 24, 2009.
1015:. Accessed June 24, 2009.
851:. Accessed June 24, 2009.
580:New York Court of Chancery
325:Appellate Division Reports
2069:
2056:
1815:
1720:Third Judicial Department
1710:First Judicial Department
1578:in NYT on January 2, 1896
1117:. Accessed June 24, 2009.
1087:. Accessed June 24, 2009.
872:See N.Y. CPLR 5701(a)(2).
639:New York Court of Appeals
1285:: III: 3110–3132. 1985.
705:Code of Judicial Conduct
381:Albany, Third Department
1601:Oxford University Press
1576:The new judicial system
1291:2027/nyp.33433107706321
897:New York Trial Notebook
678:Uniform Bar Examination
654:Appointment of justices
316:New York State Reporter
2063:
1732:Lower appellate courts
1500:Gibson & Manz 2004
1488:Gibson & Manz 2004
1320:New York State Library
1199:Gibson & Manz 2004
1066:www.courts.state.ny.us
1030:www.courts.state.ny.us
1001:Gibson & Manz 2004
964:Gibson & Manz 2004
949:Gibson & Manz 2004
584:New York Supreme Court
390:
382:
374:
358:
294:
178:
2062:
737:Judiciary of New York
545:Programs and agencies
388:
380:
364:
345:
331:Miscellaneous Reports
307:specific jurisdiction
254:
246:interlocutory appeals
176:
2143:New York (state) law
2076:District of Columbia
1810:in the United States
1476:Practice of Law 2012
1423:New York Law Journal
861:Practice of Law 2012
684:administered by the
240:New York's rules of
185:is the intermediate
41:Unified Court System
1806:State intermediate
1519:. 17 December 2008.
1502:, pp. 136–138.
1214:. CourtListener.com
701:Chief Administrator
699:promulgated by the
33:Part of a series on
2064:
1455:The New York Times
1258:Mental Hygiene Law
827:2016-02-07 at the
391:
383:
375:
359:
295:
289:Fourth Department
179:
65:Appellate Division
2115:
2114:
1610:978-0-19-986056-2
1515:(Press release).
1478:, pp. 18–19.
1188:. pp. 18–19.
907:978-1-58012-104-0
428:Second Department
415:) and Manhattan (
293:
292:
274:Second Department
211:Surrogate's Court
171:
170:
130:Surrogate's Court
16:(Redirected from
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1808:appellate courts
1800:
1793:
1786:
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1685:
1683:
1682:
1673:. Archived from
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1622:
1599:(2nd ed.).
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1132:www.nycourts.gov
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1102:www.nycourts.gov
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864:
863:, pp. 9–10.
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811:
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801:www.nycourts.gov
792:
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783:
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515:Saratoga Springs
401:First Department
299:decisions of law
288:
283:Third Department
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266:First Department
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59:Court of Appeals
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1586:Further reading
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1322:, 1 August 1985
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1128:"Appellate 4th"
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645:Case management
635:
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576:Lord Chancellor
568:
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452:Richmond County
417:New York County
407:, covers both
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340:
286:
280:
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256:
242:civil procedure
219:Court of Claims
203:superior courts
199:
187:appellate court
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2009:Tennessee
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1955:New Jersey
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