126:
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Municipals, supplemented by a large crowd ... Together, the mayor's supporters began clubbing and punching the outnumbered
Metropolitans away from the seat of government. ...The Metropolitans gained the day after the Seventh Regiment came to its rescue, and the warrant was served on Wood. This setback for the mayor was followed by another: on July 2 the Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the state law. Wood knuckled under and disbanded the Municipals late in the afternoon of July 3, leaving the Metropolitans in possession of the field.
110:
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30:
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764:, was appointed, and in August of that year the first group of policewomen in the NYPD were appointed (there were six). In 1919, the NYPD recruited Cora Parchment, the first African American woman in the NYPD and shortly after appointed Lawon Bruce, the second Black woman in the department. In 1921, the Women's Police Precinct was formed with 20 patrolwomen assigned;
466:'s Brownsville birth control clinic. Some ambitious matrons also conducted plainclothes surveillance of public spaces, such as dance halls and bars. Those formally appointed as policewomen and patrolwomen during and after the First World War continued and expanded upon these policing tasks. Notably, policewomen conducted the 1926 raid of the gay and lesbian tearoom,
134:
753:, was appointed Secretary to the Police Board. In the 1900s and 1910s, some matrons were assigned to detective squads to conduct investigative work. Although they often officially retained the "matron" rank and salary, contemporary newspapers and court records frequently referred to them as "policewomen", "police officers", and "detectives". In 1912,
688:
protesters over two days in New York City. On August 19, 2019, then-NYPD police chief James O'Neill terminated
Pantaleo's employment with the New York Police Department following a lengthy disciplinary hearing. In June 2020, the statewide Eric Garner Anti-Chokehold Act, which made the use of "a chokehold or similar restraint" a
247:
with little or no training. The
Municipals were controlled directly by Wood and including 800 policemen and 15 captains who stayed. The division between the forces was ethnically determined, with immigrants largely staying with the Municipals, and those of Anglo-Dutch heritage going to the Metropolitans.
797:
In 1974, Gertrude
Schimmel was appointed as the first female Inspector. In 1976, Captain Vittoria Renzullo was appointed as the first Precinct Commander. In 1977, the first women were assigned to the Homicide Unit (there were nine of them). In 1978, Gertrude Schimmel was appointed as the first female
350:
supported by Irish immigrants, infiltrated the NYPD, which was used as a political tool, with positions awarded by politicians to loyalists. Many officers and leaders in the police department took bribes from local businesses, overlooking things like illegal liquor sales. Police also served political
785:
In 1934, female officers began to have pistol practice with male officers. In 1938, the first civil service exam for the title "Policewoman" was given. About 5,000 women took the exam, with 300 passing it. In 1942, there began a requirement of a college degree for female officers. In 1958, women and
601:
which came to the attention of then NYC Transit
Authority Police Chief Bratton, in fact it was first implemented by Captain Mario Selvagi in Far Rockaway's 101 precinct. Since Selvagi was unable to secure the cooperation of the department's MIS department, he used pin maps. Selvagi went on to become
493:
revolver. In 1994 the NYPD replaced the revolver as its main service weapon and adopted the 9mm semiautomatic pistol as its standard issued sidearm, replacing the .38 Special revolver. NYPD officers who were "on the job" on or prior to 1994 could continue to carry their revolvers if they wished. The
812:
In 1991, for the first time, the majority of the deputy commissioners were female. In 1992, Deputy
Inspector Kathy Ryan was appointed as the first female Commanding Officer of the Mounted Unit. In 1994, Joyce A. Stephen became the first African-American female captain, and an Action Plan on Women's
793:
In 1970, the first woman was allowed to take the test for Police
Administrative Aides, and the first women were hired from the Police Administrative List. Also in that year, Police Commissioner Murphy assigned the first group of women to patrol. In 1973, the Bureau of Policewomen was abolished, and
706:
In response to the shooting of
Wenjian Liu and Rafael Ramos, the NYPD responded with a city-wide slowdown of policing in December. While the arrest rate for major crimes remained constant, the arrest rates for non-violent crimes and narcotics crimes dropped during the slowdown. The slowdown stopped
748:
of New York campaigned to introduce women to police precincts in the hopes of improving the treatment of women detained there. Legislation was enacted to appoint female police matrons in 1888, and the first four were hired in 1891. Matrons were responsible for the care of the station house and the
246:
and the
Municipals resisted for several months, during which time the city effectively had two police forces, the State-controlled Metropolitans, and the Municipals. The Metropolitans included 300 policemen and seven captains who left the Municipal police but was primarily made up of raw recruits
461:
In the 1910s, the NYPD began to deploy female matrons, who had entered precincts at the close of the previous century, to conduct undercover investigations. Their duties included investigating irregular medical practitioners, confidence tricksters, fortune tellers, abortion providers, and LGBTQ
687:
was killed by NYPD officer Daniel
Pantaleo through illegal use of a chokehold. The medical examiner later ruled Garner's death a homicide. The decision by the Richmond County Grand Jury to not indict Pantaleo sparked nationwide Black Lives Matter protests and led to the arrest of at least 300
546:
of the late 1980s and early 1990s, which was one factor in the city's homicide rate soaring to an all-time high. By 1990, New York, a city with 7.3 million people at the time, set a record of 2,262 murders, a record that has yet to be broken by any U.S. city. Petty thefts associated with drug
255:
climax came in mid-June when Metropolitan police captain ... attempted to deliver a warrant for the mayor's arrest, only to be tossed out by a group of Municipals. Armed with a second warrant, a much larger force of Metropolitans marched against City Hall. Awaiting them were a massed body of
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days. Corruption then was largely a corruption of accommodation, of criminals and police officers giving and taking bribes, buying and selling protection. Corruption was, in its essence, consensual. Today's corruption is characterized by brutality, theft, abuse of authority and active police
679:
95 of the 103 people arrested charged took plea deals. Since the raid, shootings have declined 34 percent but neighborhood residents and gang policing experts feel that the sweep didn't reduce gang crime or gang affiliation and anticipate more violence, citing historic tensions between the
574:, and rioted. They blocked traffic on the Brooklyn Bridge, demonstrated at City Hall and shouted racial epithets. The protests were sponsored by the NYPD union. Approximately 4000 NYPD officers took part in the violent protests. Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly sanctioned 42 of them.
1455:"Biographies of Witnesses, Foreign Assistance for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland; Hearing and Markup Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Its Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 4329"
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men began to train together at the Police Academy. In 1961, Felicia Shpritzer of the NYPD sued to allow women the right to take the sergeant's exam. As a result of this lawsuit, 126 policewomen took the sergeant's exam for the first time in 1964. Shpritzer and another policewoman,
808:
In 1985, the first Women in Policing Conference was held. In 1987, Paula Berlinerman and Joan Clark were appointed as the first civilian women Civil Service Managers. In 1988, Mary Lowery became the first female police officer assigned to the Aviation Unit.
494:.38 Special can still be found as a backup or off duty weapon, particularly with long serving personnel. Also, the uniforms of NYPD patrollers were changed in 1995 back from the two-tone sky blue shirt and navy blue pants introduced in 1972 to one-tone
824:
would become the First Female Commissioner of the New York Police Department, as well as the 3rd Black Commissioner. On January 1, 2022, Sewell was sworn in as Commissioner. She was criticized for accepting the position in front of a mural depicting
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collapsed due to terrorist attacks. More lives were lost that year than in any other year in the department's history. The NYPD Counter-Terrorism Bureau was founded in 2002 as a result of the tragedy and the threats to attack the city that followed.
610:
were merged in with the NYPD. The enforcement and traffic control elements of the City's Department of Transportation were merged into the NYPD in 1996. In 1998 the NYC Board of Education's school safety agents were merged into the newly formed
272:
attacked the "Mets". Barricades were erected and the battle went on for hours, the worst rioting in the city since 1849. The next Sunday, peace was maintained by the State Militia, but a week later, on July 12, German immigrants in
790:, became the first female sergeants and after suing again, the duo became the first female lieutenants in 1967. Schimmel went on to become the first female police captain in 1971 and the first female deputy inspector in 1972.
326:
to beat suspects and persons who were drunk or rowdy, posed a challenge to officers' authority, or refused to move along down the street. Most cases of police brutality occurred in poor immigrant neighborhoods, including
442:
in 1905, Motorcycle Squad in 1911, Automobile Squad in 1919, Emergency Service Unit in 1926, Aviation Unit in 1929 as well as the Radio Motor Patrol (RMP) in 1932. The department was also among the earliest to implement
277:
rioted when the Metropolitans attempted to enforce the new reform liquor laws and close down saloons. A blacksmith was killed in the skirmish, and the next day, ten thousand marched up Broadway with a banner proclaiming
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703:. In both cases, the perpetrators later died – in the hatchet attack, the suspect was killed by police, while in the gunfire attack, the suspect killed himself in the subway while being pursued by police.
180:
However, because of a lengthy dispute between the Common Council and the Mayor of New York City regarding who would appoint the officers, the law was not put into effect until the following year. Under Mayor
185:, the city finally repealed their watch system and adopted the Municipal Police Act as an ordinance on May 23, 1845, creating the New York Police Department in fact rather than merely in legislative theory.
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revolver in .38 caliber was adopted by the department. In May 1926 the NYPD adopted the .38 Special cartridge as the standard issue ammunition for the department and started issuing its officers the
1929:
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2845:
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868:
384:. The department absorbed eighteen existing police departments, requiring more modern organization and communication as it now protected 320 square miles and over three million residents.
1052:
Laws of the State of New York, Passed at the Sixty-Seventh Session of the Legislature, Begun and Held in the City of Albany, The Second Day of January, 1844, Chapter 315, Article III, § 1
801:
In 1981, Suzanne Medicis became the first woman to receive the Combat Cross, and Sharon Fields and Tanya Braithwaite became the first women to receive the NYPD's Medal of Honor. In 1984,
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women and children held there. They tended to be working-class women and many were widows with a family connection to policing. In 1895, the first woman to work at Police Headquarters,
1896:
125:
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612:
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was established in 1894 to investigate corruption in the police department. The committee made reform recommendations, including the suggestion that the police department adopt a
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2608:
2270:
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1138:
Okidegbe, Ngozi (2011), "I Love a Man in Uniform: The Debate Surrounding Uniforming the New York Police Force in the 19th Century", in Wiggerich, Sandro; Kensy, Steven (eds.),
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943:
878:
607:
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the first gender-neutral civil service exam for police officers was held. Also in that year, "Policewomen" and "Patrolmen" were officially renamed "Police Officers".
188:
For the purposes of policing, the city was divided into three districts, with courts, magistrates, clerks, and station houses. The NYPD was closely modeled after the
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2568:
888:
392:
2876:
2532:
2482:
898:
873:
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Concerns was prepared and submitted to the Police Commissioner. In 1995, Gertrude LaForgia was appointed as the first female Assistant Chief Borough Commander.
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Chaos ensued. Criminals had a high old time. Arrested by one force, they were rescued by the other. Rival cops tussled over possession of station houses. The
3034:
2866:
2558:
3194:
1918:
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62:
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In 2014, two highly publicized attacks were committed against the NYPD. In the first, on October 23, two NYPD officers were injured, one critically, in
571:
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260:
Unfortunately, the untested Metropolitans failed to prevent rioting in the city the next day, Independence Day (July 4), and had to be rescued by the
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3104:
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2184:"Detective Ranks Opened to Women - Mary A. Sullivan, First to Gain Lieutenancy, Began as Matron, Performed Dangerous Missions, Heads 75 Policewomen"
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a "superchief", but was forced out by Bill Bratton. In 1995, with Bratton as the former NYC Transit Police Chief, now as Police Commissioner, the
699:, but both officers survived their injuries. In the second, in December, two NYPD officers, Wenjian Liu and Rafael Ramos, were shot to death in
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165:
passed the Municipal Police Act, a law which authorized creation of a police force and abolished the night watch system. At the request of the
805:
became the first female police officer killed in the line of duty. Also in 1984, Mary Bembry became the first woman shot in the line of duty.
505:, later a US Congressman, became the first police officer in New York State to be made a member of the National Police Officers Hall of Fame.
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in .32 Long Colt caliber. He also instituted required firearms training including pistol practice and qualification for officers. In 1907 the
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1888:
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1327:
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720:
In 2021, the NYPD ended the department's longstanding law enforcement of previous marijuana crimes other than driving under the influence.
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to investigate systemic corruption in the NYPD, found evidence of widespread corruption and made numerous recommendations to address it.
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2183:
76:
In 1857, the Municipal Police were tumultuously replaced by the Metropolitan Police, which consolidated other local police departments.
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capital of Albany created a new Metropolitan police force and abolished the Municipal police, as part of their effort to rein in the
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883:
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539:. In addition, the city's financial crisis led to a hiring freeze on all city departments, including the NYPD, from 1976 to 1980.
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as its first black officer. He went on to become the first black sergeant and lieutenant and retired after a thirty-year career.
212:
204:
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1481:
133:
3158:
2713:
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2407:
Costello, Augustine E. "Our Police Protectors History of the New York Police from the earliest Period to the Present Time" 1885
908:
434:
Around the turn of the century, the NYPD began to professionalize under leadership of then President of the Police Commission,
50:
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wrote about corruption he encountered in his time as a police officer in this era in a book, which was later turned into a
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purposes such as manning polling places, where they would turn a blind eye to ballot box stuffing and other acts of fraud.
3014:
1050:
933:
745:
145:
Prior to the establishment of the NYPD, New York City's population of about 320,000 was served by a force consisting of 1
2031:
1988:
570:
That same year, Dinkins introduced a bill to create an independent Civilian Complaint Review Board. In response to this,
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Deputy Chief. Also in that year, the Department entered into an agreement to increase the number of female detectives.
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people. In October 1916, Margaret Whitehurst assigned to detective work in Brooklyn led an undercover investigation of
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2527:
2006:
1619:
562:, to investigate corruption in the department. The commission found that "Today's corruption is not the corruption of
298:
189:
54:
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NYCPD Officers charging rioters at the offices of the New York Tribune newspaper. New York City draft riots July 1863
1650:
775:, a widow with two children, the first woman Deputy Sheriff in New York State. She was assigned to Richmond County.
663:
On June 4, 2014, the NYPD made the largest gang bust in New York history, arresting 103 individuals of gangs at the
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3054:
3044:
2039:
961:
696:
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146:
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1416:"Plainclothes Policewomen on the Trail: NYPD Undercover Investigations of Abortionists and Queer Women, 1913–1926"
117:
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of 1849. Note: The city policemen wore a badge but were not required to wear full regulation uniforms until 1854.
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became President of the NYPD Police Commission. Under his leadership, many reforms were instituted in the NYPD.
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2999:
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1971:
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711:
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109:
33:
One of the first major tests of the effectiveness of the new New York City Metropolitan Police in 1845 was the
477:
In 1896 Commissioner Roosevelt authorized the purchase of a standard issued revolver for the NYPD. It was the
419:
438:. With innovations in science and technology, the police force were able to establish new units, such as the
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Throughout the years, the NYPD has been involved with a number of riots in New York City. In July 1863, the
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Thale, Christopher. "The Informal World of Police Patrol: New York City in the Early Twentieth Century,"
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By-Laws and Ordinances of the Mayor, Alderman, and Commonalty of the City of New York – Revised A.D. 1845
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of 1857. The newly formed New York City Metropolitan Police replaced the former Municipal Police in 1857.
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923:
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215:–controlled New York City government. The Metropolitan Police Bill consolidated the police in New York,
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166:
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Late 19th and early 20th century trends included professionalization and struggles against corruption.
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2916:
1379:"BOOK EXCERPT: First African-American to join NYPD suffered the silent hatred of his fellow officers"
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officially earned the title of first grade detective, the first woman in the U.S. to hold that rank.
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Police administration and progressive reform: Theodore Roosevelt as police commissioner of New York
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policing. While CompStat was a concept that is generally attributed to Deputy Police Commissioner
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broke out. Their absence left it to the police—who were then outnumbered—to quell the riots. The
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system which had been in place since the 17th century, when the city was founded by the Dutch as
17:
65:, itself only formed in 1829. Established in 1845, the Municipal Police replaced the inadequate
2342:
Commissioner Roosevelt: The Story of Theodore Roosevelt and the New York City Police, 1895-1897
1457:, March 5 and 6, 1986, Vol. 4, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 1986.
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was an early advocate of implementing military style discipline and organization to the force.
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Richardson, James F. "To Control the City: The New York Police in Historical Perspective." In
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On June 20, 2016, three officers were arrested as part of a federal corruption investigation.
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29:
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1952:
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New York fire department personnel examining a smashed New York City police car, during 9/11.
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The economic downturn of the 1970s led to some extremely difficult times for the city. The
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1737:"Largest Gang Bust In NYC History Result Of "Extreme Collaboration" Between NYPD & DA"
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Capt. Edyth Totten and women police reserve of the New York City Police Department in 1918
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332:
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61:. The City's reforms created a full-time professional police force modeled upon London's
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occurred on January 13, 1874 when police crushed a demonstration involving thousands of
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444:
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They Wished They Were Honest: The Knapp Commission and New York City Police Corruption
196:
which used a military-like organizational structure, with rank and order. A navy blue
3173:
2925:
2335:
Becoming New York's Finest: Race, Gender, and the Integration of the NYPD, 1935-1980.
1919:"N.Y. Gov. Cuomo Signs Sweeping Police Reforms Into Law, Says They're 'Long Overdue'"
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The Draft Riots in New York--The Metropolitan Police their Services during the week
668:
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362:. Corruption investigations have been a regular feature of the NYPD, including the
343:
302:
269:
170:
150:
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Chronology of NYPD in Annual Report of the New York (N.Y.) Police Department, 1919
2115:
Staking Out Their Domain: Women in the New York City Police Department, 1890-1935
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was appointed to head the bureau, she would hold this position for twenty years.
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802:
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684:
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during the latter part of the 19th century. Cases often involved officers using
252:
93:
1850:"Daniel Pantaleo, N.Y.P.D. Officer Who Held Eric Garner in Chokehold, Is Fired"
1824:"300 Arrests After 2 Days of Eric Garner Protests, More Demonstrations Planned"
1525:
817:
594:
439:
290:
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Walling, George Washington "Recollections of a New York Chief of Police" 1887
1861:
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1683:
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778:
In 1924, the New York Police Department's Women Bureau was created. In 1926
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448:
228:
154:
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protesters during the Bedford–Stuyvesant riot of 1964, an extension of the
1705:"In Unusual Collaboration, Police and Prosecutors Team Up to Reduce Crime"
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developments and institutionalized racism as motivations behind the bust.
3109:
3099:
1672:"Police Dept. Report Assails Officers in New York Rally (Published 1992)"
582:
397:
381:
216:
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2161:
2146:"A Precinct of Their Own: The New York City Women's Precinct, 1921–1923"
1432:
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1923:
197:
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The Orange Riots: Irish Political Violence in New York City, 1870-1871
97:
Municipal and Metropolitan policemen fight each other in front of the
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in 1895 who tried to clean up corruption within the police department
2356:
Cops and bobbies: Police authority in New York and London, 1830-1870
2347:
Maguire, Brendan. "The Police in the 1800s: A Three City Analysis."
2328:
New York City Police Corruption Investigation Commissions, 1894-1994
1076:
Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Officers of the Army and Navy
736:
In 1845, the New York City Police Department hired its first female
1889:"New York lawmakers pass anti-chokehold bill named for Eric Garner"
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was assigned as director, however it closed shortly after in 1923.
1596:"Shielded from Justice: New York: Civilian Complaint Review Board"
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132:
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2372:, eds. Kenneth T. Jackson and Stanley K. Schultz (1972) pp: 3-13.
2117:(PhD Thesis ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.
1769:"How Massive Gang Sweeps Make Growing Up In The Projects A Crime"
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officer who is heavily reviled by the law enforcement community.
1822:
Janos, Adam; MacMillan, Thomas; Jackson, Joe (5 December 2014).
1799:"Busts, but not a solution, from NYPD tracking of housing feuds"
1403:
https://www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger/articles/sanger_on_trial.php
1303:
Street Justice: A History of Political Violence in New York City
1288:
Street Justice: A History of Political Violence in New York City
2471:
1620:"Police Unions Haven't Only Battled Bill de Blasio's City Hall"
1232:
History of the United States of America, Under the Constitution
173:
drew up a proposal to create a police force of 1,200 officers.
57:
attempts to control rising crime in early- to mid-19th-century
2065:
1992:
1972:"NYC police say hatchet attack by Islam convert was terrorism"
1055:. Albany, N.Y.: William and A. Gould and Co. 1844. p. 472
2307:
The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld
396:
Policeman keeping children from a fallen electrical wire in
2402:
Byrnes, Thomas Professional Criminals of America Vol 3 1886
2032:"Meet Strategic Response Group Police Officer Mariana Diaz"
1562:"'The Big City Rogue Cop as Monster' May 23, 2004 page 20"
1094:. New York, N.Y.: John S. Voorhies. 1845. pp. 545–546
121:
The regulation uniforms of the Metropolitan Police in 1871
1320:
New York City Police Corruption Investigation Commissions
1079:, pp. 82–88. Henry E. Huntington Library: New York, 1905.
869:
New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct
2422:
Historical images from the NYPD Annual Reports, 1912-23
692:
punishable with up to 15 years in prison, was enacted.
527:, and an atmosphere of lawlessness permeated the city.
613:
New York City Police Department School Safety Division
1951:
Prokupecz, Shimon; Conlon, Kevin (October 24, 2014).
959:
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2004 Republican National Convention protest activity
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History of organizations based in the United States
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2061:"NYPD members arrested in corruption investigation"
470:, in Greenwich Village and arrested its proprietor
342:Beginning in the 1870s, politics and corruption of
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2182:
1529:
1018:
2271:"Felicia Shpritzer, Nypd Pioneer, Dead At Age 87"
879:New York City Housing Authority Police Department
608:New York City Housing Authority Police Department
45:The new regulation uniforms of the Police in 1854
1651:"When the NYPD Rioted – Race, Politics, Justice"
894:New York City Police Department Auxiliary Police
451:. In 1919, the department adopted its own flag.
380:On 1 January 1898, the city expanded to include
3190:History of law enforcement in the United States
2397:Murder of NYPD officer John Smedick July23,1868
2240:
2238:
2133:. New York Police Department. 1918. p. 85.
1021:American Metropolis: A History of New York City
1012:
1010:
1008:
829:, a fugitive convicted in the 1974 murder of a
760:In 1918, the first female Deputy Commissioner,
597:when he was a police lieutenant serving in the
2432:NYPD Annual Reports, 1912-23 (digitized books)
1470:. Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress.
1281:
1279:
889:New York City Police Department Highway Patrol
2483:
2007:"NYC cops did a work stop, yet crime dropped"
1569:(*.Doc; need Microsoft Word to open and read)
1342:, Elizabeth Mitchell, Byliner Originals, 2011
899:New York City Police Department School Safety
874:New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board
771:November 13, 1923, Governor Walker appointed
8:
3035:Prospect Park alleged police sodomy incident
2867:Black Lives Matter protests in New York City
2832:1992 Patrolmen's Benevolent Association Riot
944:List of law enforcement agencies in New York
724:Women in the New York City Police Department
2377:The New York Police, Colonial Times to 1901
1520:
1518:
904:New York City Police Department Cadet Corps
615:, to improve safety in NYC public schools.
2852:
2768:
2686:
2490:
2476:
2468:
1179:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
200:was introduced after long debate in 1853.
1482:"Mario Biaggi, congressman under the gun"
1431:
1358:. Lloyd Sealy Library Digital Collections
547:addiction were also increasingly common.
408:Department headquarters from 1909–73, at
129:An 1871 map of wards and police precincts
101:for control over the police force in the
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
655:, 23 NYPD officers were killed when the
268:gang, when the Irish-immigrant gang the
3132:Police Athletic League of New York City
2806:Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York
2358:(The Ohio State University Press, 1999)
2005:O'Grady, Cathleen (26 September 2017).
1953:"NYPD: Hatchet attack an act of terror"
1004:
966:
501:In 1961, highly decorated NYPD officer
282:("Victim of the Metropolitan Police").
2786:George Floyd protests in New York City
2694:100 Blacks in Law Enforcement Who Care
2314:The New York cops: an informal history
1932:from the original on February 10, 2021
1899:from the original on February 10, 2021
1868:from the original on February 10, 2021
1763:
1761:
1322:. New York: William S. Hein & Co.
740:. Women's reform groups including the
293:troops in Pennsylvania, when the 1863
2292:http://www.nypdpea.com/MileStone.html
1703:McKinley, James C. Jr. (2014-06-04).
1644:
1642:
1640:
1590:
1588:
1586:
7:
2337:(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013)
2214:"35 YEARS ON FORCE, WOMAN TO RETIRE"
1848:Southall, Ashley (August 19, 2019).
1258:. Cornell University Press. p.
1235:. Dodd, Mead & Company. p.
627:Department K-9 unit officers with a
2652:Lower Manhattan Security Initiative
1970:Kearney, Laila (October 24, 2014).
2363:Police in Urban America, 1860-1920
2113:Aldrich-Moodie, Mary Jane (2002).
1536:. New York: Basic Books. pp.
742:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
585:program under Police Commissioner
25:
3195:Legal history of New York (state)
2861:A Battle For The Soul of New York
2740:Detectives' Endowment Association
884:New York City Police Commissioner
572:NYPD officers violently protested
242:Unwilling to be abolished, Mayor
18:New York City Metropolitan Police
2995:Beating and rape of Abner Louima
2942:Floyd v. City of New York (2013)
2750:Sergeants Benevolent Association
1887:Freiman, Jordan (June 8, 2020).
1797:Kramer, Abigail (2 March 2015).
981:
969:
523:, in particular, was plagued by
3180:New York City Police Department
2877:Civilian Complaint Review Board
2714:New York City Police Foundation
2559:Crime Control Strategies Bureau
2499:New York City Police Department
2461:New York City Police Department
2379:(Oxford University Press, 1970)
2247:"Pizzuti Is New PBQN Commander"
1649:Oliver, Pamela (18 July 2020).
1305:. Beacon Press. pp. 50–56.
1290:. Beacon Press. pp. 12–41.
929:NYPD Rodman's Neck Firing Range
909:New York City Police Foundation
51:New York City Police Department
2827:1857 New York City Police riot
2776:1988 Tompkins Square Park riot
2589:Organized Crime Control Bureau
2193:. October 24, 1926. p. 13
2144:Moses Schulz, Dorothy (2004).
1495:Armstrong, Michael F. (2012).
1377:Brown, Arthur (28 June 2015).
1250:Gordon, Michael Allen (1993).
914:New York City Sheriff's Office
577:In the mid-1990s, under Mayor
454:In 1911, the department hired
280:Opfer der Metropolitan-Polizei
161:officers. On May 7, 1844, the
1:
3015:Hollywood Stuntz gang assault
2745:Police Benevolent Association
1501:. Columbia University Press.
1301:Johnson, Marilynn S. (2003).
1286:Johnson, Marilynn S. (2004).
1017:Lankevich, George L. (1998).
934:Police memorabilia collecting
671:with extensive help from the
3105:Fictional portrayals of NYPD
3075:Killing of Timothy Stansbury
2932:Mollen Commision (1992-1993)
2523:New York City Police Academy
2349:Journal of Crime and Justice
2094:. New York Police Department
1989:2 NYPD officers assassinated
1775:. 2016-10-24. Archived from
1743:. 2014-06-05. Archived from
1670:James, George (1992-09-29).
919:New York City Transit Police
604:New York City Transit Police
599:New York City Transit Police
318:, covered numerous cases of
167:New York City Common Council
2917:Hofstadter Committee (1931)
2912:Lexow Committee (1894-1895)
2791:Murder of Russel Timoshenko
2528:New York City Police Museum
2326:Chin, Gabriel Jackson, ed.
2223:. April 3, 1946. p. 26
1468:"Biaggi, Mario (1917-2015)"
673:Manhattan District Attorney
581:, the NYPD made use of the
487:Smith & Wesson Model 10
190:Metropolitan Police Service
55:Government of New York City
3216:
3065:Killing of Ramarley Graham
3055:Killing of Eleanor Bumpurs
3045:Killing of Clifford Glover
2370:Cities in American History
2277:. New York. Archived from
2040:New York Police Department
1214:. The Century Co. p.
1073:Randolph, Lewis Hamersly.
746:Women's Prison Association
86:
2855:
2796:New York City draft riots
2771:
2689:
2604:Special Operations Bureau
1532:How We Got Here: The '70s
1511:– via Google Books.
1414:Evens, Elizabeth (2021).
1340:The Fearless Mrs. Goodwin
1208:Fosdick, Raymond (1920).
589:, as well as implemented
542:This was followed by the
103:New York City Police Riot
89:New York City Police riot
53:(NYPD) originates in the
3185:History of New York City
3025:Killing of Amadou Diallo
3000:Death of Michael Stewart
2937:Dirty thirty (1993-1995)
2882:Museum of Broken Windows
2709:Housing Authority Police
2667:Strategic Response Group
2662:Special Victims Division
2384:Journal of Urban History
2351:(1990) 13#1 pp: 103–132.
1229:Schouler, James (1899).
1142:, Franz Steiner Verlag,
1113:New York, N. Y. (1845).
712:Strategic Response Group
479:Colt New Police Revolver
3060:Killing of Gidone Busch
3050:Killing of Edmund Perry
2960:Domain Awareness System
2579:Internal Affairs Bureau
2554:Counterterrorism Bureau
2386:(2007) 33#2 pp 183–216.
2323:(Greenwood Press, 1987)
2092:"Marijuana Enforcement"
1420:Modern American History
1211:American Police Systems
1184:Oxford University Press
831:New Jersey State Police
633:World Trade Center site
287:New York State Militias
3095:9-1-1 Tapping Protocol
3030:Killing of Eric Garner
3020:Killing of Akai Gurley
2975:X-ray vans of the NYPD
2922:Knapp Commision (1970)
2657:School Safety Division
2642:Emergency Service Unit
2594:Patrol Services Bureau
2538:Real Time Crime Center
1025:. NYU Press. pp.
939:Real time crime center
733:
648:
640:
544:crack cocaine epidemic
431:
416:
401:
366:of the 1970s, and the
312:Newspapers, including
258:
237:board of commissioners
142:
130:
122:
114:
106:
46:
38:
3040:Murder of Brian Moore
2609:Transportation Bureau
2375:Richardson, James F.
2340:Jeffers, Harry Paul.
2245:Gentilviso, Richard.
924:New York State Police
816:In 2021, Mayor Elect
751:Minnie Gertrude Kelly
731:
707:in mid-January 2015.
701:an ambush in Brooklyn
665:Manhattanville Houses
646:
626:
456:Samuel (Jesse) Battle
422:
407:
395:
249:
227:(which then included
175:John Watts de Peyster
136:
128:
120:
112:
96:
87:Further information:
44:
32:
3070:Killing of Sean Bell
2319:Berman, Jay Stuart.
1995:. December 20, 2014.
1484:. UPI. June 3, 1987.
653:September 11 attacks
637:September 11 attacks
491:Colt Official Police
483:Colt Police Positive
360:civil service system
307:Tompkins Square Park
299:Tompkins Square Riot
295:New York Draft Riots
233:Governor of New York
137:Police Commissioner
3127:Police Commissioner
3010:Harlem riot of 1964
3005:Harlem riot of 1943
2970:Moroccan Initiative
2574:Intelligence Bureau
2436:Lloyd Sealy Library
2428:Digital Collections
2426:Lloyd Sealy Library
2361:Monkkonen, Eric H.
1828:Wall Street Journal
1433:10.1017/mah.2020.22
1383:New York Daily News
1140:Staat Macht Uniform
859:Charles H. Cochrane
773:Sylvia Daly Connell
512:, created by Mayor
63:Metropolitan Police
2965:Handschu agreement
2888:Pappas v. Giuliani
2801:Occupy Wall Street
2354:Miller, Wilbur R.
2333:Darien, Andrew T.
2220:The New York Times
2190:The New York Times
1854:The New York Times
1709:The New York Times
1676:The New York Times
734:
683:On July 17, 2014,
677:Cyrus R. Vance Jr.
657:World Trade Center
649:
641:
498:shirts and pants.
436:Theodore Roosevelt
432:
417:
402:
375:Theodore Roosevelt
315:The New York Times
225:Westchester County
143:
139:Theodore Roosevelt
131:
123:
115:
107:
99:New York City Hall
47:
39:
3167:
3166:
3083:
3082:
2872:Central Park Five
2840:
2839:
2758:
2757:
2672:Street Crime Unit
2599:Peresonnel Bureau
2533:NYPD 9th Precinct
2518:240 Centre Street
2305:Asbury, Herbert.
1928:. June 12, 2020.
1571:on March 23, 2012
1508:978-0-231-15354-6
1328:978-1-57588-211-6
1170:Burrows, Edwin G.
1149:978-3-515-09933-2
949:Police corruption
788:Gertrude Schimmel
629:search and rescue
556:Mollen Commission
537:television series
489:revolver and the
368:Mollen Commission
348:political machine
207:reformers in the
183:William Havemeyer
16:(Redirected from
3207:
3115:List of officers
2853:
2769:
2687:
2637:Auxiliary Police
2564:Detective Bureau
2492:
2485:
2478:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2440:Internet Archive
2294:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2242:
2233:
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2230:
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2216:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2150:New York History
2141:
2135:
2134:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2069:. Archived from
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2002:
1996:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
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1908:
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1809:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:on June 27, 2019
1765:
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1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:on June 27, 2019
1733:
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1616:
1610:
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1578:
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1570:
1564:. Archived from
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1552:
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1535:
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1513:
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1492:
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1126:
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1119:pp. 547–550
1110:
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1024:
1014:
988:New York (state)
986:
985:
984:
974:
973:
972:
965:
864:Knapp Commission
854:Thomas F. Byrnes
844:Samuel J. Battle
780:Mary A. Sullivan
755:Isabella Goodwin
697:a hatchet attack
651:During the 2001
564:Knapp Commission
510:Knapp Commission
429:1964 Harlem Riot
425:African American
364:Knapp Commission
320:police brutality
213:Democratic Party
205:Republican Party
159:municipal police
35:Astor Place Riot
21:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3142:Project Griffin
3137:Police vehicles
3121:Marino v. Ortiz
3079:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2946:
2900:
2847:
2836:
2815:
2811:Stonewall riots
2754:
2728:
2719:Shomrim Society
2676:
2629:
2623:
2614:Training Bureau
2542:
2501:
2496:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2393:
2330:(WS Hein, 1997)
2312:Astor, Gerald.
2302:
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1355:The Police Flag
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1316:Gabriel J. Chin
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980:
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968:
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958:
839:
822:Keechant Sewell
820:announced that
726:
621:
550:In 1992, Mayor
514:John V. Lindsay
464:Margaret Sanger
447:techniques and
423:Policemen with
390:
356:Lexow Committee
333:Lower East Side
194:London, England
91:
85:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3159:Stop-and-frisk
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2905:Investigations
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2895:The Seven Five
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2724:Transit Police
2721:
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2711:
2706:
2701:
2699:Cricket League
2696:
2690:
2684:
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2647:Highway Patrol
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2619:Transit Bureau
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2569:Housing Bureau
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2513:1 Police Plaza
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2453:External links
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2281:on 2011-08-15.
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690:class C felony
620:
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591:broken windows
567:criminality."
554:appointed the
445:fingerprinting
414:Broome Streets
389:
386:
370:of the 1990s.
275:Little Germany
209:New York State
163:New York State
84:
81:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3212:
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2930:
2927:
2926:Frank Serpico
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2733:Police unions
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2707:
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2700:
2697:
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2682:Organizations
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2418:
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2405:
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2398:
2395:
2394:
2391:Older sources
2390:
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2381:
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2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2344:(Wiley, 1994)
2343:
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2159:
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2151:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2130:Annual Report
2124:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2073:on 2016-06-23
2072:
2068:
2067:
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2053:
2041:
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2033:
2027:
2024:
2012:
2008:
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1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1958:
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1547:0-465-04195-7
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1269:9780801427541
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1234:
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1204:
1201:
1195:
1193:0-195-11634-8
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1174:Wallace, Mike
1171:
1165:
1163:
1161:
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1046:
1043:
1038:
1036:0-8147-5186-5
1032:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
994:
989:
979:
977:
976:New York City
967:
963:
955:
954:Frank Serpico
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
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927:
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828:
827:Assata Shakur
823:
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814:
810:
806:
804:
799:
795:
791:
789:
783:
781:
776:
774:
769:
767:
766:Mary Hamilton
763:
762:Ellen O'Grady
758:
756:
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600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:Rudy Giuliani
575:
573:
568:
565:
561:
560:Milton Mollen
558:, chaired by
557:
553:
552:David Dinkins
548:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
529:Frank Serpico
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
508:In 1970, the
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
468:Eve's Hangout
465:
459:
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288:
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276:
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267:
263:
257:
254:
248:
245:
244:Fernando Wood
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:Staten Island
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
178:
176:
172:
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164:
160:
156:
152:
151:city marshals
148:
140:
135:
127:
119:
111:
104:
100:
95:
90:
82:
80:
77:
74:
72:
71:New Amsterdam
68:
64:
60:
59:New York City
56:
52:
43:
36:
31:
27:
19:
3151:
3119:
2952:Surveillance
2893:
2886:
2859:
2820:Police riots
2763:
2584:Legal Bureau
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2300:Bibliography
2287:
2279:the original
2274:
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2251:Qgazette.com
2250:
2225:. Retrieved
2218:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2188:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2156:(1): 39–64.
2153:
2149:
2139:
2129:
2123:
2114:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2086:
2075:. Retrieved
2071:the original
2064:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2035:
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2011:ars Technica
2010:
2000:
1984:
1975:
1965:
1956:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1922:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1892:
1882:
1870:. Retrieved
1853:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:
1817:
1806:. Retrieved
1803:Politico PRO
1802:
1792:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:the original
1772:
1749:. Retrieved
1745:the original
1740:
1731:
1720:. Retrieved
1708:
1698:
1687:. Retrieved
1675:
1665:
1654:. Retrieved
1628:. Retrieved
1626:. 2014-12-22
1623:
1614:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:
1573:. Retrieved
1566:the original
1556:
1531:
1497:
1490:
1476:
1462:
1450:
1426:(1): 49–66.
1423:
1419:
1409:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1354:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1319:
1311:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1253:
1245:
1231:
1224:
1210:
1203:
1198:pp. 838-841.
1182:. New York:
1177:
1139:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1115:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1090:
1084:
1074:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1051:
1045:
1020:
815:
811:
807:
800:
796:
792:
784:
777:
770:
759:
738:jail matrons
735:
719:
716:
714:was formed.
710:In 2015 the
709:
705:
694:
682:
669:Grant Houses
662:
650:
619:21st century
587:Bill Bratton
576:
569:
549:
541:
518:
507:
503:Mario Biaggi
500:
476:
460:
453:
433:
388:20th century
379:
372:
353:
344:Tammany Hall
341:
313:
311:
289:were aiding
284:
279:
270:Dead Rabbits
259:
250:
241:
202:
187:
179:
171:Peter Cooper
144:
83:19th century
78:
75:
48:
26:
3153:Spring 3100
2924:(see also:
2846:Corruption/
2704:FDNY Racing
2045:February 3,
1600:www.hrw.org
1526:Frum, David
1123:27 December
1116:By-Laws ...
1098:27 December
1059:27 December
803:Irma Lozada
685:Eric Garner
631:dog at the
329:Five Points
262:Bowery Boys
253:opera buffa
235:-appointed
231:), under a
147:night watch
67:night watch
3174:Categories
2986:shootings/
2848:misconduct
2506:Facilities
2275:Daily News
2256:2016-05-25
2077:2020-02-20
1808:2019-07-19
1783:2019-07-19
1751:2019-07-19
1722:2019-07-19
1689:2021-01-15
1656:2021-01-15
1630:2021-01-15
1605:2021-01-15
995:References
818:Eric Adams
635:after the
595:Jack Maple
440:Bomb Squad
337:Tenderloin
303:unemployed
291:Union Army
155:constables
3147:The Shack
2984:Killings/
2630:divisions
2098:April 10,
2036:NYPD News
1936:April 10,
1903:April 10,
1872:April 10,
1862:0362-4331
1773:Gothamist
1741:Gothamist
1717:0362-4331
1684:0362-4331
1538:14–15, 30
1442:2515-0456
1000:Footnotes
496:navy blue
472:Eve Adams
449:mug shots
373:In 1895,
229:The Bronx
203:In 1857,
157:, and 51
3110:Launch 5
3100:CompStat
2988:beatings
2227:June 28,
2197:June 28,
2167:13 April
2162:23183430
1930:Archived
1897:Archived
1893:CBS News
1866:Archived
1624:Observer
1575:June 24,
1528:(2000).
1176:(1999).
837:See also
606:and the
583:CompStat
398:Brooklyn
382:Brooklyn
266:nativist
217:Brooklyn
3088:Related
2547:Bureaus
2424:in the
2365:(2004).
2316:(1971).
2016:23 June
1976:Reuters
1924:WLNY-TV
1833:23 June
1388:28 June
962:Portals
639:in 2001
400:in 1908
198:uniform
2764:Events
2628:Units/
2309:(1928)
2160:
1860:
1715:
1682:
1544:
1505:
1440:
1352:NYPD.
1326:
1266:
1190:
1146:
1033:
410:Centre
335:, and
331:, the
223:, and
149:, 100
2434:from
2158:JSTOR
1362:4 May
1027:84–85
533:movie
525:arson
521:Bronx
324:clubs
153:, 31
2229:2020
2199:2020
2169:2021
2100:2021
2047:2017
2018:2020
1938:2021
1905:2020
1874:2021
1858:ISSN
1835:2020
1713:ISSN
1680:ISSN
1577:2011
1542:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1438:ISSN
1390:2015
1364:2014
1324:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1172:and
1144:ISBN
1125:2016
1100:2016
1061:2016
1031:ISBN
744:and
667:and
535:and
412:and
354:The
346:, a
264:, a
49:The
2438:on
2066:MSN
1993:CNN
1957:CNN
1428:doi
1260:203
1237:418
305:in
192:in
3176::
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2187:.
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2063:.
2038:.
2034:.
2009:.
1991:.
1974:.
1955:.
1921:.
1895:.
1891:.
1864:.
1856:.
1852:.
1826:.
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1760:^
1739:.
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2020:.
1978:.
1959:.
1940:.
1907:.
1876:.
1837:.
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1550:.
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1392:.
1366:.
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1196:.
1127:.
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20:)
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