81:
54:
70:
149:
and praying for the prostitutes and their clients, lobbying the state to make male solicitation of prostitutes a crime and threatening to publish names in their monthly journal of the men who regularly visited brothels. Through time the NYFMRS took on new missions, primarily by relaxing their focus
88:
In time, the NYFMRS became one of the most well-known moral reform organizations of the period and even expanded its influence to other cities across
America. Five years after its establishment, the NYFMRS already had 445 auxiliaries, and thus changed its name in 1839 to the American Female Moral
124:
were the most common occupations linked with prostitution. With estimates of more than ten thousand prostitutes in the city it can be understood that some women simply turned to prostitution out of necessity from the strains of their economic and environmental situations.
644:
112:. Women soon discovered that prostitution paid more than any other kind of work available to them at the time, and even some kinds of employment were linked to prostitution. A report by the NYFMRS in the 1830s found that
128:
Moral reform became a prominent issue in the U.S. during the 1830s and 1840s and many organizations were created during this time to eliminate prostitution and the sexual double standard, and to also encourage sexual
133:. While some organizations tried to reclaim women who had fallen into prostitution, moral reform societies like NYFMRS were convinced that prevention was their primary concern. Women involved in the
2100:
351:
265:
150:
on prevention and opening up to the idea of homes for the friendless, offering education to those women in need and opening up an employment agency to help some respectable women.
108:
Prostitution first became a problem in
America between 1810 and 1820, primarily because it was not completely illegal, thus it is estimated that 5 to 10 percent of women were
2125:
2054:
320:
Daniel S. Wright, Kathryn Kish Sklar, What Was the Appeal of Moral Reform to
Antebellum Northern Women, 1835-1841?, (Binghamton, NY: State University of New York at
384:
344:
89:
Reform
Society in the hopes that membership would expand even further. This name change came just a year after the Boston Female Moral Reform Society became the
2110:
2095:
2024:
337:
2105:
610:
605:
1993:
1642:
1597:
584:
785:
90:
2120:
2115:
2064:
2059:
1770:
675:
574:
489:
360:
1897:
1847:
1837:
712:
579:
429:
266:"American Female Guardian Society by William Momberger, designer, engraver Samuel J. Pinkney on James E. Arsenault & Company"
97:
1827:
53:
1983:
374:
223:
145:
The NYFMRS attempted many strategies in preventing prostitution from occurring. Some of these strategies included entering
1902:
1108:
2074:
2009:
1988:
1962:
1792:
1357:
569:
406:
134:
62:
46:
1872:
1784:
80:
1522:
988:
509:
469:
379:
1947:
1171:
524:
439:
624:
289:
Steven Mintz, Moralists and
Modernizers: America’s Pre-Civil War Reformers, (Baltimore: JHU Press, 1995), 66-67.
69:
2014:
1978:
1922:
1857:
1802:
1362:
1191:
834:
668:
411:
33:
255:, by Daniel Wright and Kathryn Kish Sklar. (Binghamton, NY: State University of New York at Binghamton, 1999).
2049:
1932:
1727:
1487:
953:
846:
820:
639:
519:
185:
Steven Mintz, Moralists and
Modernizers: America’s Pre-Civil War Reformers, (Baltimore: JHU Press, 1995), 69
1229:
978:
1887:
1702:
454:
401:
396:
21:
1942:
1892:
1812:
1757:
1312:
1123:
1063:
882:
877:
750:
459:
444:
57:
1927:
1817:
1797:
1297:
745:
735:
391:
159:
29:
2034:
2019:
1907:
1832:
1822:
1807:
1732:
1582:
1532:
1507:
1497:
1372:
1204:
1148:
1043:
1003:
529:
499:
1957:
1912:
1867:
1852:
1687:
1607:
1447:
1387:
760:
618:
933:
2029:
1747:
1492:
1317:
504:
449:
434:
137:, who tended to be older women, were more willing to help prostitutes out of their situation.
302:, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790-1920, (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1992), 60.
2069:
1937:
1882:
1712:
1377:
1234:
1038:
938:
912:
564:
559:
544:
474:
464:
25:
1917:
1877:
1862:
1765:
1677:
1657:
1647:
1567:
1547:
1482:
1347:
1342:
1332:
1302:
1287:
1259:
1118:
1053:
917:
872:
862:
815:
795:
775:
707:
554:
195:
113:
1842:
1742:
1737:
1707:
1667:
1617:
1612:
1587:
1537:
1527:
1502:
1472:
1427:
1382:
1352:
1322:
1176:
1153:
1103:
1093:
1068:
1048:
1023:
1008:
810:
514:
494:
484:
164:
73:
2089:
1722:
1697:
1672:
1662:
1632:
1627:
1512:
1477:
1407:
1367:
1337:
1327:
1307:
1282:
1254:
1249:
1199:
1128:
1113:
1083:
1073:
998:
907:
897:
892:
661:
601:
Agency for
International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
534:
479:
329:
1952:
1652:
1622:
1602:
1557:
1552:
1517:
1467:
1457:
1442:
1432:
1392:
1292:
1269:
1224:
1209:
1143:
1088:
1013:
968:
867:
770:
702:
549:
539:
299:
109:
37:
1058:
780:
311:
Ronald G. Walters, American
Reformers 1815-1860 , (HarperCollins, 1997), 179-180.
93:
due to a growing rivalry for support among auxiliary societies in the
Northeast.
2044:
1717:
1682:
1592:
1572:
1542:
1462:
1452:
1422:
1417:
1402:
1397:
1244:
1181:
1133:
1098:
1078:
1033:
1028:
993:
973:
963:
948:
943:
852:
805:
765:
740:
227:
1692:
1637:
1437:
1214:
1138:
1018:
983:
928:
922:
902:
800:
634:
321:
130:
2039:
1562:
1412:
1239:
1163:
958:
755:
253:
What Was the Appeal of Moral Reform to
Antebellum Northern Women, 1835-1841?
121:
96:
By 1840, the society's goals evolved and with it came a name change to the
1577:
629:
887:
830:
692:
421:
146:
1277:
857:
697:
36:. The NYFMRS was created for the fundamental purpose of preventing
1219:
84:
Mary Anne Hawkins, president, American Female Moral Reform Society
79:
68:
52:
117:
40:
in early 19th century New York. It launched its official organ,
333:
76:, first missionary, New York Female Moral Reform Society
645:
Regulating Brothel Prostitution in St. Paul, 1865–1883
28:. It was established in 1834 under the leadership of
2002:
1971:
1783:
1756:
1268:
1190:
1162:
829:
728:
721:
685:
653:
593:
420:
367:
298:Timothy J. Gilfoyle, City of Eros: New York City,
2101:Women's organizations based in the United States
385:Prostitution in Los Angeles in the 19th century
345:
8:
2025:Commercial sexual exploitation of children
725:
352:
338:
330:
196:"Advocate and Family Guardian (1835–1941)"
1994:Murder of Tanya Moore and Tina Rodriguez
2126:1834 establishments in New York (state)
786:New England Female Moral Reform Society
218:
216:
175:
91:New England Female Moral Reform Society
181:
179:
7:
2111:History of women in New York (state)
791:New York Female Moral Reform Society
18:New York Female Moral Reform Society
2060:Prostitution in Harlem Renaissance
676:Secrets of a Hollywood Super Madam
135:New York Female Benevolent Society
14:
2096:Organizations established in 1834
580:Wild Horse Adult Resort & Spa
575:Stone Jail Building and Row House
490:Fort Laramie Three-Mile Hog Ranch
361:Prostitution in the United States
2106:Prostitution in New York (state)
1898:Northern Liberties, Philadelphia
1838:Creek Street (Ketchikan, Alaska)
270:James E. Arsenault & Company
98:American Female Guardian Society
1828:Columbus Avenue (San Francisco)
1984:Disappearance of Jessie Foster
1:
2121:19th century in New York City
2116:Sexuality in New York (state)
1903:San Antonio Sporting District
1848:Hell's Half Acre (Fort Worth)
2075:Truckers Against Trafficking
2010:1989 DC Prostitute Expulsion
1963:Western Avenue (Los Angeles)
1793:Barbary Coast, San Francisco
63:Advocate and Family Guardian
47:Advocate and Family Guardian
2055:Police abuse of sex workers
1873:Liberty Avenue (Pittsburgh)
2142:
510:List of brothels in Nevada
1948:Tenderloin, San Francisco
58:Sarah R. Ingraham Bennett
20:(NYFMRS) was an American
2015:Big Apple Oriental Tours
1979:Denver Prostitute Killer
1923:Sporting District, Omaha
1858:Kensington, Philadelphia
1803:Broadway (San Francisco)
42:Advocate of moral reform
34:Charles Grandison Finney
2050:Operation Stormy Nights
1933:Storyville, New Orleans
1488:Endesha Ida Mae Holland
954:Ada and Minna Everleigh
640:Red Light Abatement Act
520:Mary Todd Lincoln House
470:Dennis Hof's Love Ranch
200:University of Wisconsin
1989:Murder of Carrie Brown
1888:Nevada State Route 582
1703:Estella Marie Thompson
1172:Ashley Alexandra Dupré
525:Miss Hattie's Bordello
455:Chicken Ranch (Nevada)
440:Arnold's Bar and Grill
85:
77:
66:
24:organization based in
1943:Tenderloin, Manhattan
1893:North Street (Boston)
1813:Burnt District, Omaha
1124:Deborah L. Turbiville
1064:Deborah Jeane Palfrey
883:Sydney Biddle Barrows
751:Committee of Fourteen
460:Chicken Ranch (Texas)
445:Ash Meadows Sky Ranch
83:
72:
56:
32:, wife of revivalist
1928:Stingaree, San Diego
1818:Cheshire Bridge Road
1798:The Block, Baltimore
1298:Norma Jean Almodovar
746:Committee of Fifteen
736:Norma Jean Almodovar
625:Chamberlain–Kahn Act
430:217 West Main Street
2035:Hookers for Hillary
2020:Church penitentiary
1908:Sepulveda Boulevard
1833:Combat Zone, Boston
1823:Chinatown, Honolulu
1808:Bucktown, Davenport
1785:Red-light districts
1583:Laura Bell McDaniel
1533:Robert La Tourneaux
1498:Amber L. Hollibaugh
1373:Lisa Crystal Carver
1205:Hester Jane Haskins
1044:Laura Bell McDaniel
1004:Hester Jane Haskins
530:Moonlite BunnyRanch
500:Kit Kat Guest Ranch
1958:Venus Alley, Butte
1913:Slabtown (Atlanta)
1868:The Levee, Chicago
1853:Hunts Point, Bronx
1688:David Henry Sterry
1608:Mother Featherlegs
1448:Ronnie Lee Gardner
1388:Honeysuckle Divine
761:Melissa Gira Grant
619:Bennis v. Michigan
86:
78:
67:
2083:
2082:
2030:Emperors Club VIP
1779:
1778:
1748:Venus Xtravaganza
1493:Xaviera Hollander
1318:Richard Berkowitz
849:(aka, Madam Alex)
505:Lester Apartments
450:Bird Cage Theatre
141:Reform strategies
2133:
2070:Three minute men
1938:Sunset Boulevard
1713:Mary Ellen Tracy
1378:Sylvia Clevenger
1235:Red Light Lizzie
1230:Don "Magic" Juan
1039:Red Light Lizzie
979:Dante "Tex" Gill
939:Kristin M. Davis
913:Big Jim Colosimo
726:
560:Shady Lady Ranch
545:Old Bridge Ranch
465:Cottontail Ranch
354:
347:
340:
331:
325:
318:
312:
309:
303:
296:
290:
287:
281:
280:
278:
276:
262:
256:
246:
240:
239:
237:
235:
226:. Archived from
220:
211:
210:
208:
206:
192:
186:
183:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2065:Sex trafficking
1998:
1967:
1918:SoHo, Manhattan
1878:Minnesota Strip
1863:Las Vegas Strip
1775:
1766:Craig J. Spence
1752:
1678:Margo St. James
1658:Valerie Solanas
1648:Shalimar Seiuli
1568:Brooke Magnanti
1548:Rose Livingston
1483:Richard Holcomb
1348:Sarah A. Bowman
1343:Gary Ray Bowles
1333:Mattie Blaylock
1303:Josie Arlington
1288:Josephine Airey
1264:
1260:Dennis Tinerino
1186:
1158:
1119:Frederick Trump
1054:Mother Damnable
925:(Arabella Ryan)
918:Joseph Conforte
873:Josie Arlington
863:Josephine Airey
847:Elizabeth Adams
838:
836:
833:
825:
816:Margo St. James
796:Polaris Project
776:Rose Livingston
717:
708:Free the Slaves
681:
649:
589:
555:Sagebrush Ranch
416:
363:
358:
328:
319:
315:
310:
306:
297:
293:
288:
284:
274:
272:
264:
263:
259:
247:
243:
233:
231:
230:on May 16, 2008
222:
221:
214:
204:
202:
194:
193:
189:
184:
177:
173:
160:Lydia A. Finney
156:
143:
106:
44:(later renamed
30:Lydia A. Finney
12:
11:
5:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:Fremont Street
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1743:Aileen Wuornos
1740:
1738:Louise Wooster
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1708:Libby Thompson
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:Annie Sprinkle
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1643:Tina Rodriguez
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1618:Barbara Payton
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1588:Adeline Miller
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1538:Jillian Lauren
1535:
1530:
1528:Mollie Johnson
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:Jason Holliday
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1473:Eliza Haycraft
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1428:Florrie Fisher
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1383:Andrew Cunanan
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1353:Brandi Britton
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1323:Diamond Bessie
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1177:Lillie Langtry
1174:
1168:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1154:Louise Wooster
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1104:Libby Thompson
1101:
1096:
1094:Sally Stanford
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1069:Grace Peixotto
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1049:Adeline Miller
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:Mollie Johnson
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:Eliza Haycraft
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
843:
841:
827:
826:
824:
823:
818:
813:
811:Annie Sprinkle
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
732:
730:
723:
719:
718:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
689:
687:
683:
682:
680:
679:
672:
665:
657:
655:
651:
650:
648:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
615:
614:
613:
608:
597:
595:
591:
590:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
515:The Love Ranch
512:
507:
502:
497:
495:Gleim Building
492:
487:
485:Everleigh Club
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
435:Angel's Ladies
432:
426:
424:
418:
417:
415:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
388:
387:
377:
375:American Samoa
371:
369:
365:
364:
359:
357:
356:
349:
342:
334:
327:
326:
313:
304:
291:
282:
257:
251:. Included in
241:
212:
187:
174:
172:
169:
168:
167:
165:Margaret Prior
162:
155:
154:Notable people
152:
142:
139:
105:
102:
74:Margaret Prior
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2138:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:Murrell's Row
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1771:Eliot Spitzer
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:Pearl de Vere
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:Sunset Thomas
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:Nancy Spungen
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:Almeda Sperry
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:Fannie Porter
1631:
1629:
1628:Willie Piazza
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
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686:Organizations
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1953:Times Square
1728:Sheila White
1653:Mattie Silks
1623:Louise Peete
1603:Vicki Morgan
1558:Annie Lobert
1553:Alice Little
1523:Dean Johnson
1518:Helen Jewett
1468:Fred Halsted
1458:Billi Gordon
1443:Denham Fouts
1433:Heidi Fleiss
1393:Issan Dorsey
1358:Carrie Brown
1293:Brenda Allen
1225:Iceberg Slim
1210:Mike Heitler
1144:Minnie White
1089:Mattie Silks
1014:Mike Heitler
969:Heidi Fleiss
934:Ana Cumpănaș
868:Brenda Allen
821:Sheila White
790:
771:Alice Little
703:Equality Now
674:
669:Dreamcatcher
667:
660:
617:
600:
585:Willis House
550:Paresis Hall
540:No. 1 Geisha
407:Rhode Island
316:
307:
300:Prostitution
294:
285:
273:. Retrieved
269:
260:
252:
249:Introduction
248:
244:
232:. Retrieved
228:the original
203:. Retrieved
199:
190:
144:
127:
118:chambermaids
107:
95:
87:
61:
45:
41:
38:prostitution
17:
15:
2045:John school
1733:Anna Wilson
1718:Tiger Tyson
1683:Pearl Starr
1613:Jean O'Hara
1598:Tanya Moore
1593:Della Moore
1573:Chicago May
1543:Kitty Leroy
1508:John Holmes
1463:Maggie Hall
1453:Jody Gibson
1423:Albert Fish
1418:Alexis Fire
1403:Dora DuFran
1398:Phoebe Doty
1363:Julia Brown
1270:Prostitutes
1245:Lee Shelton
1182:Fanny White
1149:Anna Wilson
1134:Tessie Wall
1099:Pearl Starr
1079:Poker Alice
1034:Kitty Leroy
1029:Lizzie Lape
994:Eunice Gray
974:Jody Gibson
964:Vina Fields
949:Dora DuFran
944:Phoebe Doty
853:Polly Adler
806:Audacia Ray
766:Carol Leigh
741:Fred Cherry
234:January 19,
110:prostitutes
50:) in 1835.
2090:Categories
1693:Star Stowe
1638:Tracy Quan
1438:Ali Forney
1215:Dennis Hof
1164:Courtesans
1139:Lulu White
1019:Dennis Hof
989:Lou Graham
984:Mary Gleim
929:Cora Crane
923:Belle Cora
903:Hilma Burt
801:Tracy Quan
635:Raines law
380:California
322:Binghamton
171:References
131:abstinence
60:, editor,
2040:John Hour
1563:Crazy Lou
1413:Robyn Few
1240:Jack Ruby
1059:Meg Muñoz
959:Mame Faye
781:Meg Muñoz
756:Robyn Few
729:Activists
122:milliners
22:reformism
1972:Violence
1578:Rosa May
713:SWOP-USA
630:Mann Act
570:The Star
422:Brothels
324:, 1999).
275:11 April
224:"Reform"
205:11 April
147:brothels
114:servants
26:New York
888:Big Sue
831:Brothel
693:BAYSWAN
1278:Ah Toy
858:Ah Toy
839:madams
835:owners
722:People
698:COYOTE
402:Nevada
397:Hawaii
120:, and
2003:Other
1758:Johns
1220:Ice-T
1192:Pimps
654:Media
412:Texas
368:Areas
104:Goals
611:2020
606:2013
392:Guam
277:2024
236:2009
207:2024
16:The
837:and
594:Law
2092::
268:.
215:^
198:.
178:^
116:,
100:.
353:e
346:t
339:v
279:.
238:.
209:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
